US20140044495A1 - Method and device for conveying goods to be conveyed with a cellular wheel sluice - Google Patents

Method and device for conveying goods to be conveyed with a cellular wheel sluice Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140044495A1
US20140044495A1 US13/940,480 US201313940480A US2014044495A1 US 20140044495 A1 US20140044495 A1 US 20140044495A1 US 201313940480 A US201313940480 A US 201313940480A US 2014044495 A1 US2014044495 A1 US 2014044495A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
cellular wheel
conveyed
sealing
goods
sealing lips
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US13/940,480
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English (en)
Inventor
Timm Kirchhoff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Krones AG
Original Assignee
Krones AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Krones AG filed Critical Krones AG
Assigned to KRONES AG reassignment KRONES AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KIRCHHOFF, TIMM
Publication of US20140044495A1 publication Critical patent/US20140044495A1/en
Priority to US15/272,931 priority Critical patent/US9643798B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G53/00—Conveying materials in bulk through troughs, pipes or tubes by floating the materials or by flow of gas, liquid or foam
    • B65G53/34—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G53/00—Conveying materials in bulk through troughs, pipes or tubes by floating the materials or by flow of gas, liquid or foam
    • B65G53/34—Details
    • B65G53/40—Feeding or discharging devices
    • B65G53/46—Gates or sluices, e.g. rotary wheels
    • B65G53/4608—Turnable elements, e.g. rotary wheels with pockets or passages for material
    • B65G53/4625—Turnable elements, e.g. rotary wheels with pockets or passages for material with axis of turning perpendicular to flow
    • B65G53/4633—Turnable elements, e.g. rotary wheels with pockets or passages for material with axis of turning perpendicular to flow the element having pockets, rotated from charging position to discharging position, i.e. discrete flow
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F11/00—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it
    • G01F11/10—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers moved during operation
    • G01F11/12—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers moved during operation of the valve type, i.e. the separating being effected by fluid-tight or powder-tight movements
    • G01F11/20—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers moved during operation of the valve type, i.e. the separating being effected by fluid-tight or powder-tight movements wherein the measuring chamber rotates or oscillates
    • G01F11/24—Apparatus requiring external operation adapted at each repeated and identical operation to measure and separate a predetermined volume of fluid or fluent solid material from a supply or container, without regard to weight, and to deliver it with measuring chambers moved during operation of the valve type, i.e. the separating being effected by fluid-tight or powder-tight movements wherein the measuring chamber rotates or oscillates for fluent solid material

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to a method and a device for conveying goods to be conveyed with a cellular wheel sluice.
  • Cellular wheel sluices are usually employed for dosing goods to be conveyed or for introducing and discharging them into or out of bulk processes.
  • the cellular wheel sluices can be installed e. g. in recycling plants, silos, bunkers or hoppers, mixers, driers, mills or in conveyor lines and are mainly used for the separation from machines or processes with different pressure ranges and for volumetric dosing.
  • the goods to be conveyed are transported in a housing by rotor blades of the rotating cellular wheel, the rotor blades forming rotor cells in the process by which the goods to be conveyed are moved further.
  • the cellular wheel is manufactured to mate the housing such that the exacting tolerances between the cellular wheel and the housing and/or sealings prevent pressure compensation or a passage between the inlet and outlet openings of the sluice. While rotating, each rotor cell of the cellular wheel receives the goods to be conveyed at the inlet opening and discharges it again at the outlet opening.
  • the discharge is here essentially determined by the volume of the cells and the speed of the rotating cellular wheel.
  • sealing lips at the rotor blades and/or at least one sealing surface at the housing of a sealing material such as ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyester urethane rubber, silicone, fluorosilicone, are usually employed.
  • a sealing material such as ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyester urethane rubber, silicone, fluorosilicone.
  • These sealing materials have different Shore hardnesses and can comprise an elastomer plastic and/or thermoplastic.
  • Sealing lips can be designed with a textile insert and/or a coating.
  • one disadvantage is that by the friction of the sealing lips with the sealing surfaces, abraded particles can form which contaminate the goods to be conveyed, thus impairing the quality of the further processed goods to be conveyed.
  • This aspect is achieved in a method for conveying goods to be conveyed with a cellular wheel sluice where during the transport of certain goods to be conveyed such a sealing surface and/or such sealing lips are used which are made of an abrasive material that is contained in the goods to be conveyed.
  • the abrasive material of the employed sealing surface and/or sealing lips corresponding to the material contained in the goods to be conveyed only abraded particles from material that is also contained in the goods to be conveyed are formed by the friction of the sealing lips on the sealing surface, and thus the goods to be conveyed are not contaminated by foreign matter. Moreover, the abraded particles can no longer be detected in the goods to be conveyed after they have passed the cellular wheel sluice. When the goods to be conveyed are melted, for example, the formed abraded particles behave in such a way that the melt consists of the homogenous desired goods to be conveyed. Thus, no inclusions of foreign matter that impair the quality are formed in the later product.
  • sealing lips of an abrasive material that is contained in the goods to be conveyed can be employed at the rotor blades.
  • the fact that the sealing lips of the rotor blades abut against at least one sealing surface of the housing can mean that the sealing lips abut against the sealing surface over the complete or over a portion of the surface, and that in particular a gap is formed between the partial surfaces.
  • the sealing lips can be in contact with the sealing surface of the housing.
  • a material can be used for the sealing surface of the housing which is harder than the material of the sealing lips. Thereby, the abraded particles are formed in the region of the sealing lips.
  • an abrasive material can be used for the at least one sealing surface of the housing which is contained in the goods to be conveyed, where in particular for the sealing lips of the rotor blades, a material is used which is harder than the material of the sealing surface. Thereby, the abraded particles are formed in the region of the sealing surface.
  • the method for conveying goods to be conveyed can be provided for conveying and/or dosing goods to be conveyed, and/or for sealing at least two process sections with respect to each other.
  • the sealing lips can be exchanged, in particular if they are adapted to a certain material in the goods to be conveyed. Equally, the rotor blades of the cellular wheel or the complete cellular wheel can be exchanged.
  • polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyamides, polyester (polycarbonate and polyethylene terephthalate), polyethylene glycol, polyoxymethylene, star polymers, polyester urethane rubber, silicone and/or fluorosilicone can be preferably used.
  • a thermoplastic can be in particular chosen. Thereby, the thermoplastics are not contaminated when they are recycled.
  • a lamellar or bristle structure can be preferably used.
  • a stiff material can also be brought into a shape which easily deforms, similar to a soft solid material, and thus good sealing can be achieved with such a material.
  • packs of foil elements of an abrasive material can be in particular used as sealing lips.
  • the sealing lips designed as packs of foil elements can be used in connection with the above mentioned disclosure or independently of it. Thereby, the sealing lips can have a particularly simple design.
  • the foil elements can be made of an abrasive material that is contained in the goods to be conveyed.
  • the pack of foil elements can comprise a number of foils within a range of 2 to 100, in particular within a range of 10 to 30 foils.
  • the rotor blades can be embodied as clamping elements between which the foil elements are clamped.
  • the clamping elements can in particular be clamped with at least one bolt.
  • foil elements can be used that are longer than the gap between the rotor blades and the sealing surface. Thereby, the foil elements are somewhat bent, thus exerting some pressure onto the sealing surface.
  • the abrasive material of the foil elements can comprise a material formed of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyamides, polyester (polycarbonate and polyethylene terephthalate), polyethylene glycol, polyoxymethylene, star polymers, polyester urethane rubber, silicone, and/or fluorosilicone. Equally, the foil elements can be designed with a lamellar or bristle structure.
  • edges of the foil elements can slide along the sealing surface.
  • the edges of the foil elements can slide along the sealing surface perpendicularly to the direction of motion of the rotor blades.
  • sealing lips can be used in which an elastic core material is provided with a coating of the abrasive material. Equally, sealing lips can be used which are formed of the abrasive material in a tubular manner.
  • the disclosure further provides a cellular wheel sluice for carrying out the method where the cellular wheel sluice comprises a housing with at least one sealing surface and a cellular wheel rotatably arranged therein, the cellular wheel comprising several rotor blades with sealing lips abutting against the sealing surface for sealing purposes, and where, depending on the goods to be conveyed, the cellular wheel sluice is provided with sealing lips and/or at least one sealing surface which is formed of a material that is contained in the goods to be conveyed.
  • the cellular wheel sluice for conveying goods to be conveyed can be in particular used for carrying out the above-described method.
  • the sealing surface and/or the sealing lips can comprise a material of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyamides, polyester (polycarbonate and polyethylene terephthalate), polyethylene glycol, polyoxymethylene, star polymers, polyester urethane rubber, silicone and/or fluorosilicone.
  • the sealing lips can comprise a lamellar and/or a bristle structure. This can increase the flexibility of the sealing lips and thus improve sealing.
  • the lamellar and/or bristle structure can be designed such that it is longer than the gap between the rotor blades and the sealing surface.
  • the lamellar and/or bristle structure can be pretensioned such that they are slightly bent when abutting against the sealing surface. Thereby, an unevenness of the sealing surface by a change of bent of the lamellar and/or bristle structure can be compensated.
  • the sealing lips can comprise packs of foil elements.
  • the sealing lips designed as packs of foil elements can be used in connection with the above mentioned disclosure or independently of it.
  • the foil elements can be made of an abrasive material that is contained in the goods to be conveyed. Thereby, one can achieve an elastic form of the sealing lips, in particular if the material contained in the goods to be conveyed is of high stiffness.
  • the packs of foil elements can be clamped each between clamping elements.
  • the clamping elements can in particular be embodied such that the clamping force is applied by at least one bolt.
  • the foil elements of one pack can have the same size.
  • the foil elements can be embodied to be longer than the gap between the rotor blades and the sealing surface and be in particular pretensioned such that they include a bent. Thereby, any unevenness of the sealing lips and the sealing surface is better compensated, and a higher sealing effect is achieved.
  • the abrasive material of the foil elements can comprise a material formed of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyamides, polyester (polycarbonate and polyethylene terephthalate), polyethylene glycol, polyoxymethylene, star polymers, polyester urethane rubber, silicone and/or fluorosilicone. Equally, the foil elements can be designed with a lamellar or bristle structure according to claim 9 .
  • the foil elements can be arranged perpendicularly to the direction of motion of the rotor blades.
  • the ends of the foil elements and the sealing surface can include an angle within a range of 45° to 90°, or preferably within a range of 80° to 90°.
  • the foil elements can have a thickness within a range of 50 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, or in particular within a range of 190 ⁇ m to 350 ⁇ m.
  • the sealing surface can be arranged such that it at least partially encloses the cellular wheel.
  • the sealing lips extend at the outer regions of the rotor blades and have a particularly simple shape.
  • the sealing surface can have a cylindrical or a conic shape.
  • the cellular wheel can be arranged to rotate within the sealing surface.
  • the sealing lips can be mounted to the rotor blades to be exchangeable.
  • the rotor blades can also be mounted to the cellular wheel to be exchangeable. Thereby, the material of the sealing lips can be easily adapted to the respective goods to be conveyed.
  • the method and/or the cellular wheel sluice can in particular comprise one or several ones of the above-described features.
  • FIG. 1 shows a representation of a cellular wheel sluice according to the disclosure for conveying goods to be conveyed in a lateral view
  • FIG. 2 a shows a representation of a further embodiment of a cellular wheel sluice according to the disclosure for conveying goods to be conveyed in a lateral view
  • FIG. 2 b shows a detailed view of a rotor blade with a sealing lip of the cellular wheel sluice represented in FIG. 2 a.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cellular wheel sluice 1 according to the disclosure for conveying goods to be conveyed 2 in a lateral view.
  • a cyclone 13 in which a mixture of goods to be conveyed 2 and a carrier gas 11 are being separated, and the goods to be conveyed 2 are then further transported from an inlet opening 14 to an outlet opening 15 in the cellular wheel sluice 1 .
  • the pressure is higher in the region of the inlet opening 14 than in the region of the outlet opening 15 .
  • the goods to be conveyed 2 are here, for example, polyethylene.
  • the goods to be conveyed 2 get into the inlet 12 of the cyclone 13 together with the carrier gas 11 .
  • the carrier gas 11 has such a high flow rate that the goods to be conveyed 2 are transported through a preceding pipeline system (not represented here) and the inlet 12 . Due to the high flow rate of the carrier gas 11 , a swirl under high pressure forms in the cyclone 13 , where the flow rate in the tapering portion of the cyclone 13 is increasing towards the bottom, so that the goods to be conveyed 2 are separated from the carrier gas 11 by means of the centrifugal forces acting on the goods to be conveyed 2 . In the cyclone 13 , the carrier gas 11 thus escapes to the top, and the goods to be conveyed 2 will get to the inlet opening 14 of the cellular wheel sluice 1 towards the bottom.
  • a cellular wheel sluice 1 is arranged for achieving the discharge of the goods to be conveyed 2 into the following units with a preferably low pressure loss in the cyclone 13 . If a counterflow is formed in the cyclone 13 , the separation of the goods to be conveyed 2 from the carrier gas 11 will deteriorate. Thus, losses of goods to be conveyed 2 via the separation of the carrier gas 11 to the top and out of the cyclone 13 will occur.
  • the rotor blades 5 are designed with sealing lips 6 , so that the rotating cellular wheel 4 abuts with a form fit against the sealing surfaces 7 of the housing 3 .
  • the sealing lips 6 are under pretension, so that any unevenness of the sealing surfaces 7 caused by tolerances can be compensated by a corresponding deformation of the sealing lips 6 .
  • the friction between the sealing lips 6 and the sealing surfaces 7 is selected such that a power plant not represented here can drive the cellular wheel 4 .
  • the sealing lips 6 and the goods to be conveyed 2 consist of polyethylene.
  • the sealing surfaces 7 consist of an alloy steel.
  • the sealing lips 6 are thus formed of a softer abrasive material which is in particular located in the direct contact region of the sealing lips 6 and the sealing surface 7 .
  • the material of the sealing lips 6 is abraded and will reach, together with the goods to be conveyed 2 , further processing units (not represented here) via the outlet opening 15 .
  • the sealing lips 6 are designed to be exchangeable to adapt them to the goods to be conveyed 2 .
  • both the material of the sealing lips 6 and the material of the goods to be conveyed is polyethylene, the abraded particles of the sealing lips 6 can be easily also processed in further process steps without any deterioration of the quality of the goods to be conveyed 2 or the products made from them.
  • the abrasive material of the sealing surface 7 can be contained in the goods to be conveyed 2 , and the sealing lips 6 can be of a harder material than the sealing surfaces 7 .
  • the sealing surfaces 7 can be made of the abrasive material as a housing insert (not represented here) which can be removed from the housing 3 .
  • the abraded particles are formed on the side of the sealing surface 7 and will also get into the goods to be conveyed 2 from there.
  • the abraded particles also consist of the same material as the goods to be conveyed 2 , the goods to be conveyed 2 are neither contaminated by foreign matter here.
  • the goods to be conveyed 2 subsequently reach further process steps, where, for example, granules for injection-molding systems are generated.
  • FIGS. 2 a and 2 b show a representation of a further embodiment of a cellular wheel sluice 1 according to the disclosure for conveying goods to be conveyed 2 in a side view.
  • FIG. 2 b shows a detail C of FIG. 2 a .
  • the cellular wheel 4 is driven by a power plant 16 designed as an electric motor. Via a transmission not represented here, the motive power of the power plant 16 is transmitted to the cellular wheel 4 .
  • the interior of the housing 3 here has a cylindrical shape in which the cellular wheel 4 can rotate.
  • the cellular wheel 4 has six rotor blades 5 which are provided with sealing lips 6 which seal the rotor blades 5 with respect to the cylindrical sealing surface 7 .
  • the cylindrical sealing surface 7 encloses the cellular wheel 4 .
  • the sealing lips 6 of the rotor blades 5 are here designed as packs of foil elements 8 , where the foil elements 8 are clamped between two clamping elements 10 a and 10 b by means of a bolt 9 . Clamping can also be done with several bolts. Clamping by the clamping elements 10 a and 10 b is accomplished at the clamping end 8 b of the foil elements 8 . All foil elements 8 are here of the same shape. Here, the clamping elements 10 a and 10 b form the rotor blade 5 , and the projecting foil elements 8 form the sealing lips 6 .
  • a distance D is formed in the region of which the foil elements 8 are not supported transversely to their surfaces and in the direction of motion of the cellular wheel 4 .
  • the foil elements 8 bent at the outer end 8 a against the direction of motion of the cellular wheel 4 .
  • the outer ends 8 a of the foil elements 8 include an angle of 85° with the sealing surface 7 .
  • the foil elements 8 are pretensioned and exert a force onto the sealing surface 7 , so that any unevenness can be easily compensated.
  • the pack consists of 20 polyethylene foil elements 8 of a thickness of 250 ⁇ m each. Thus, an optimal sealing effect can be achieved.
  • the abraded particles mainly consist of polyethylene since the foil elements 8 are made of this material and thus are softer than the sealing surfaces 7 made of steel. Since, however, the abraded particles and the goods to be conveyed 2 consist of the same material, here the goods to be conveyed 2 are neither contaminated. Thus, the abraded particles here neither deteriorate the quality of the goods to be conveyed 2 .
  • the foil elements 8 and therefore the sealing lips 6 are designed to be exchangeable in the representation.
  • the sealing lips 6 can be adapted corresponding to the goods to be conveyed 2 such that they consist of the same abrasive material.
  • the sealing lips 6 of packs of foil elements 8 shown in FIGS. 2 a and 2 b can also be employed in any form of cellular wheel sluice 1 as the foil elements 8 are of particularly high flexibility and thus have a sealing effect.
  • the material of the foil elements 8 can also be selected independently of the goods to be conveyed 2 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Sealing Devices (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
US13/940,480 2012-08-09 2013-07-12 Method and device for conveying goods to be conveyed with a cellular wheel sluice Abandoned US20140044495A1 (en)

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US15/272,931 US9643798B2 (en) 2012-08-09 2016-09-22 Method and device for conveying goods to be conveyed with a cellular wheel sluice

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DE102012214185.5 2012-08-09
DE102012214185.5A DE102012214185A1 (de) 2012-08-09 2012-08-09 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Förderung von Fördergut mit einer Zellenradschleuse

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US15/272,931 Division US9643798B2 (en) 2012-08-09 2016-09-22 Method and device for conveying goods to be conveyed with a cellular wheel sluice

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US13/940,480 Abandoned US20140044495A1 (en) 2012-08-09 2013-07-12 Method and device for conveying goods to be conveyed with a cellular wheel sluice
US15/272,931 Active US9643798B2 (en) 2012-08-09 2016-09-22 Method and device for conveying goods to be conveyed with a cellular wheel sluice

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EP (1) EP2695836B1 (pt)
CN (1) CN103569687B (pt)
BR (1) BR102013018986B1 (pt)
CA (1) CA2820325C (pt)
DE (1) DE102012214185A1 (pt)
ES (1) ES2758042T3 (pt)
MX (1) MX351774B (pt)

Cited By (5)

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US9643798B2 (en) 2012-08-09 2017-05-09 Krones Ag Method and device for conveying goods to be conveyed with a cellular wheel sluice
USD899194S1 (en) * 2007-11-29 2020-10-20 Automatic Bar Controls, Inc. Dispensing apparatus
US11541489B2 (en) * 2018-02-06 2023-01-03 Schenck Process Europe Gmbh System for fastening a seal to a rotor blade of a rotary feeder
US20230149956A1 (en) * 2021-11-10 2023-05-18 Charles William Henry Portable granular particle spreader
US11656113B2 (en) * 2019-07-19 2023-05-23 Agra Industries, Inc. Bulk material metering system

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US20210178688A1 (en) * 2017-07-28 2021-06-17 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Three-dimensional printer with pneumatic conveyance
EP3717203A4 (en) * 2017-11-30 2021-06-30 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. VARIATION IN THE COMPOSITION OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS USED FOR A THREE-DIMENSIONAL PART
CN108936756B (zh) * 2018-10-08 2024-02-09 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 一种用于花生循环干燥机的定量偏心排粮机构
DE102019100198A1 (de) 2019-01-07 2020-07-09 Di Matteo Förderanlagen GmbH & Co. KG Zellenradschleuse
CN111674852B (zh) * 2020-06-19 2022-02-11 扬州市威鹏自动化科技有限公司 一种自密封式双层水平旋转盘卸灰阀
CN114313750A (zh) * 2022-02-14 2022-04-12 新疆五洲集团有限公司 一种矩形大储量地下、半地下粉煤灰库卸料装置
US20240060806A1 (en) * 2022-08-19 2024-02-22 Pepsico, Inc. Systems and methods for dosing a flowable solid

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CA2820325A1 (en) 2014-02-09
EP2695836A1 (de) 2014-02-12
EP2695836B1 (de) 2019-10-30
DE102012214185A1 (de) 2014-02-13
MX2013009187A (es) 2014-02-21
US9643798B2 (en) 2017-05-09
BR102013018986A2 (pt) 2015-08-04
ES2758042T3 (es) 2020-05-04
US20170008708A1 (en) 2017-01-12
MX351774B (es) 2017-10-27
CN103569687A (zh) 2014-02-12
CN103569687B (zh) 2016-04-06
BR102013018986B1 (pt) 2020-12-08
CA2820325C (en) 2020-08-11

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