US20140018402A1 - Pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating macular degeneration - Google Patents

Pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating macular degeneration Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140018402A1
US20140018402A1 US14/008,112 US201114008112A US2014018402A1 US 20140018402 A1 US20140018402 A1 US 20140018402A1 US 201114008112 A US201114008112 A US 201114008112A US 2014018402 A1 US2014018402 A1 US 2014018402A1
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amino
benzopyran
imidazol
ylmethyl
dihydro
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Inventor
Kyu-Yang Yi
Sung-eun Yoo
Nack-Jeong Kim
Jee-Hee Suh
Choun-Ki Joo
Jun-Sub Choi
Jae-Sik Yang
Geun-Hyeog Lee
Yun-Seok Cho
Jin-Ha Park
Hye-Sung Lee
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Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology KRICT
Industry Academic Cooperation Foundation of Catholic University of Korea
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Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology KRICT
Industry Academic Cooperation Foundation of Catholic University of Korea
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Assigned to Catholic University Industry Academic Cooperation Foundation, KOREA RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY reassignment Catholic University Industry Academic Cooperation Foundation ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KIM, Nack-Jeong, SUH, JEE-HEE, YI, KYU-YANG, YOO, SUNG-EUN, LEE, GEUN-HYEOG, CHOI, JUN-SUB, JOO, CHOUN-KI, YANG, JAE-SIK, CHO, YUN-SEOK, LEE, HYE-SUNG, PARK, JIN-HA
Publication of US20140018402A1 publication Critical patent/US20140018402A1/en
Priority to US15/941,856 priority Critical patent/US10485786B2/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0048—Eye, e.g. artificial tears
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
    • A61K31/4178—1,3-Diazoles not condensed 1,3-diazoles and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. pilocarpine, nitrofurantoin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/32—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. carbomers, poly(meth)acrylates, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/08—Solutions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating macular degeneration, which comprises benzopyran derivatives substituted with secondary amines including imidazole; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as an active ingredient.
  • the nerve tissue located at the center of the retina of the eye is called as a macula.
  • the macula includes most of phtoreceptor cells responding to light stimuli; and the appearances of objects are focused at the center of the macula. Therefore, the macular plays an essential role in maintaining eyesight.
  • Age-related macular degeneration is a chronic disease characterized by the degenerations in the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane in the macular as well as the choroidal capillary.
  • the sensory retina is located in front of the retinal pigment epithelium. The nutrition, support, recycling, and treatment of wastes of the sensory retina depend on the retinal pigment epithelium.
  • Bruch's membrane having a five-layered structure is sandwiched between the choroid and the retinal pigment epithelium.
  • the innermost layer is a basal membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium; and the outermost layer is a basal membrane of the choroidal capillary. That is, the macular degeneration is a degenerative disease occurred in the complex of the retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch's membrane, and the choroidal capillary.
  • This disease which occurs primarily in the ages over 50 years old, is the main cause of blindness in the population of more than 60 years old in the Western countries; and the trend thereof is also increasing in Korea.
  • the risk factors include age (especially, sharp increase is shown after the age of 75 years old), smoking (most notable environmental risk factor), high blood pressure, obesity, genetic cause, excessive UV exposure, low blood concentration of antioxidant, and the like.
  • the macular degeneration there are two types, i.e., dry (non-exudative) macular degeneration and wet (exudative) macular degeneration.
  • dry macular degeneration dry AMD, non-exudative AMD, or non-neovascular AMD
  • drusen yellow deposits
  • the large formation of drusen causes disturbing the blood flow to the retina, especially to the macular, which leads to obscure vision, thereby bring about visual impairment.
  • the dry macular degeneration does not cause a sudden loss of vision, it may be developed to a wet macular degeneration.
  • the wet macular degeneration (wet AMD, exudative AMD, or neovascular AMD) is associated with the angiogenesis from the choroid area under the retina.
  • the burst of these weak neovessels causes hemorrhage and exudation, which leads to degeneration in the macula area of the retina, thereby bring about visual impairment.
  • the wet macular degeneration is developed very rapidly, it is known that vision can be deteriorated in several weeks; or that loss of vision can be caused between 2 month and 3 years.
  • the photodynamic therapy is a method which comprises injecting a photosensitizer, Visudyne, through the blood vessels, followed by irradiation of the eye with a specific laser reactive only to the photosensitizer at the time when the photosensitizer arrives at neovessels of the retina, so as to selectively destroy the neovessels.
  • the photodynamic therapy causes many recurrent cases after the treatment, which requires repetitive treatments. And also, there is a drawback that the repetitive treatments causes damage of the retina itself.
  • the antibody injection therapy is a method injecting directly into the retina an anti-VEGF antibody which inhibits the formation and proliferation of neovessels through selectively binding to the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) critical to the formation and progression of neovessels.
  • VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
  • Lucentis As a protein drug used in the antibody injection therapy, there are Lucentis and Avastin. Lucentis has been approved by the FDA as a therapeutic agent of wet macular degeneration. Although Avastin is approved to treat cancer, it is being clinically used to treat wet AMD.
  • the antibody injection therapy has some drawbacks: for example, it requires high therapeutic cost, local administration (especially direct administration into the eye), and repeated injections. Therefore, in terms of patients' drug compliance, therapeutic cost, etc., there is a need for developing an (non-injectable) eye drop formulation based on a low-molecular weight synthetic compound.
  • the present inventors performed various researches for developing effective compounds for preventing and treating macular degeneration. As a result, the present inventors found that certain benzopyran derivatives having therapeutic effects for cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. previously reported by the present inventors can be prepared as an eye drop formulation based on a low-molecular weight material; and usefully applied to the prevention and treatment of macular degeneration, without injecting directly into the affected site as in the antibody injection therapy.
  • a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating macular degeneration which comprises a certain benzopyran derivative as an active ingredient.
  • a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating macular degeneration which comprises a compound of Formula 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt as an active ingredient:
  • R 1 represents H, CN, NO 2 or NH 2 ,
  • R 2 represents
  • R 3 and R 4 are independent each other and represent H, Cl, Br, F, C 1 ⁇ C 3 straight or branched alkyl, OR b , CF 3 , OCF 3 , NO 2 or CO 2 R b ,
  • R a represents C 1 ⁇ C 4 straight or branched alkyl
  • R b represents H or C 1 ⁇ C 3 alkyl
  • a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating macular degeneration which comprises (2R,3R,4S)-6-amino-4-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt as an active ingredient.
  • an eye drop formulation for preventing or treating macular degeneration which comprises (2R,3R,4S)-6-amino-4-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-di methoxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt as an active ingredient.
  • the eye drop formulation may have a solution form or a suspension form.
  • the compound of Formula 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be usefully applied to the prevention and treatment of macular degeneration, the degenerative disease of retinal choroidal capillary.
  • the present invention that, when (2R,3R,4S)-6-amino-4-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt is administered to the cornea in the form of eye drops, it is delivered to the retina without inhibiting normal regeneration of corneal epithelial cells.
  • the compound of Formula 1 including (2R,3R,4S)-6-amino-4-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt can be usefully applied for preventing or treating macular degeneration in an eye drop formulation.
  • FIG. 1 is the results (photographs) obtained by evaluating inhibitory effects against corneal angiogenesis in animal models with corneal damage.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are the results (graphs) obtained by evaluating inhibitory effects against corneal angiogenesis in animal models with corneal damage.
  • FIG. 4 is the results obtained by evaluating inhibitory effects against expression of the VEGF receptor 2 (FLK-1).
  • FIG. 5 is the results (photographs) obtained by evaluating effects on normal regeneration of the corneal epithelial cells.
  • FIG. 6 is the results (graphs) obtained by evaluating effects on normal regeneration of the corneal epithelial cells.
  • FIG. 7 is the results (photographs) obtained by evaluating inhibitory effects against retinal angiogenesis in Brown Norway rats.
  • FIG. 8 is the results (graphs) obtained by evaluating inhibitory effects against retinal angiogenesis in Brown Norway rats.
  • FIG. 9 is the results (photographs) obtained by evaluating inhibitory effects against retinal angiogenesis in micro pigs.
  • FIG. 10 is the results (graphs) obtained by evaluating inhibitory effects against retinal angiogenesis in micro pigs.
  • FIG. 11 is the results (photographs) obtained by evaluating inhibitory effects of the eye drop solution and the eye drop suspension against retinal angiogenesis.
  • FIG. 12 is the results (graphs) obtained by evaluating inhibitory effects of the eye drop solution and the eye drop suspension against retinal angiogenesis.
  • composition for preventing or treating macular degeneration which comprises a compound of Formula 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt as an active ingredient:
  • R 1 represents H, CN, NO 2 or NH 2 ,
  • R 2 represents
  • R 3 and R 4 are independent each other and represent H, Cl, Br, F, C 1 ⁇ C 3 straight or branched alkyl, OR b , CF 3 , OCF 3 , NO 2 or CO 2 R b ,
  • R a represents C 1 ⁇ C 4 straight or branched alkyl
  • R b represents H or C 1 ⁇ C 3 alkyl
  • the compound of Formula 1 may be selected from the group consisting of:
  • especially preferable compound is (2R,3R,4S)-6-amino-4-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-di methoxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
  • a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating macular degeneration which comprises (2R,3R,4S)-6-amino-4-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt as an active ingredient.
  • the compound of Formula 1 may be used as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, including e.g., an acid addition salt derived from pharmaceutically acceptable free acids, an alkali metal salt (sodium salt, potassium salt, etc.), and an alkali earth metal salt (calcium salt, magnesium salt, etc.).
  • the free acid includes an inorganic acid and an organic acid.
  • the inorganic acid includes hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.
  • the organic acid includes citric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, gluconic acid, methanesulfonic acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, galacturonic acid, embonic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, oxalic acid, (D) or (L) malic acid, maleic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 4-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, malonic acid, etc.
  • Examples of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of Formula 1 include acetate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bicarbonate/carbonate, bisulfate/sulfate, borate, camsylate, citrate, edicylate, ecylate, formate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, hexafluorophosphate, hibenzate, hydrochloride/chloride, hydrobromide/bromide, hydroiodide/iodide, isethionate, latate, malate, maleate, malonate, mesylate, methylsulfate, naphthylate, 2-napsylate, nicotinate, nitrate, orotate, oxalate, palmitate, famoate, phosphate/hydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen phosphate, saccharate, stearate, succinate, tartrate, tosylate, trifluoroacetate,
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of Formula 1 may be prepared according to conventional methods.
  • the acid addition salt may be prepared by dissolving the compound of Formula 1 in a water-miscible organic solvent, such as acetone, methanol, ethanol, or acetonitrile; and then adding an organic acid in excess or an aqueous solution of an inorganic acid, so as to precipitate or crystallize the resulting salt.
  • the acid addition salt may be isolated by evaporating the solvent or the excessive acid and then drying the resulting residue; or by suction-filtering the precipitated salt.
  • the compound of Formula 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt includes its isomers, hydrates, and solvates.
  • the compound of Formula 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt shows an inhibitory activity against corneal angiogenesis and inhibitory activity against expression of corneal angiogenesis marker, FLK-1 (see FIGS. 1 to 4 ).
  • the normal healing ability (regeneration ability) of corneal epithelial cells is not inhibited by the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention (see FIGS. 5 and 6 ).
  • the compound of Formula 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt shows excellent activity for preventing or treating macular degeneration, a disease induced by degeneration of the retinal choroidal capillary (see FIGS. 7 to 10 ).
  • the compound of Formula 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared into a topically administrable external eye drop formulation form, which shows excellent activity for preventing or treating macular degeneration without injecting into the affected site (see FIGS. 11 and 12 ).
  • the active ingredient when the eye drop formulation is administered to the cornea, the active ingredient is effectively delivered to the retina, while only a negligible amount is absorbed into the blood (see Table 1).
  • the present invention includes, within its scope, an eye drop formulation for preventing or treating macular degeneration, which comprises a compound of Formula 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt as an active ingredient.
  • an eye drop formulation for preventing or treating macular degeneration which comprises (2R,3R,4S)-6-amino-4-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt as an active ingredient.
  • the eye drop formulation may have a solution form or a suspension form.
  • an eye drop formulation in a solution form may comprises a solubilizer such as polyethylene glycol 400, glycerin, etc.; a stabilizer such as EDTA etc.; a buffering agent such as boric acid etc.; a pH controlling agent such as hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, etc., in addition to the compound of Formula 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt (for example, (2R,3R,4S)-6-amino-4-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran or its salt).
  • a solubilizer such as polyethylene glycol 400, glycerin, etc.
  • a stabilizer such as EDTA etc.
  • a buffering agent such as boric acid etc.
  • a pH controlling agent such as hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, etc.
  • an eye drop formulation in a suspension form may comprises a viscosity controlling agent such as cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (for example, povidone K-25) etc.; an isotonic agent such as sodium chloride, etc.; a stabilizer such as EDTA etc.; a buffering agent such as boric acid, Borax, etc.; a pH controlling agent such as hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, etc., in addition to the compound of Formula 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt (for example, (2R,3R,4S)-6-amino-4-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran or its salt).
  • a viscosity controlling agent such as cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (for example, povidone K-25) etc.
  • the pharmaceutical composition in the eye drop formulation form may be sterilized according to conventional methods; or further comprise a supplement agent such as a preservative, a hydrating agent, an emulsifier, a solubilizing agent, a salt for controlling osmotic pressure, and/or a buffering agent.
  • a supplement agent such as a preservative, a hydrating agent, an emulsifier, a solubilizing agent, a salt for controlling osmotic pressure, and/or a buffering agent.
  • the compound of Formula 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be administered in an amount of typically about 0.01 to about 100 mg/day, preferably 0.03 to 80 mg/day based on adults having 70 Kg of body weight, although the amount may be changed according to the patient's age, body weight, sex, dosage form, health condition, severity of disease, etc.
  • the administration may be carried out in an appropriate interval, e.g., in a single dose or in divided doses per day, according to the doctor's or pharmacist's instruction.
  • the present invention includes, within its scope, a use of a compound of Formula 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating macular degeneration:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same as defined in the above; and * represents the chiral center.
  • the compound of Formula 1 may be preferably (2R,3R,4S)-6-amino-4-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran.
  • the medicament may have a solution form or a suspension form.
  • the compound of Formula 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be administered in an amount of typically about 0.01 to about 100 mg/day, preferably 0.03 to 80 mg/day based on adults having 70 Kg of body weight, although the amount may be changed according to the patient's age, body weight, sex, dosage form, health condition, severity of disease, etc.
  • the administration can be carried out in an appropriate interval, e.g., in a single dose or in divided doses per day, according to the doctor's or pharmacist's instruction.
  • the present invention also includes, within its scope, a method for preventing or treating macular degeneration in a patient, which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formula 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt to the patient in need thereof:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same as defined in the above; and * represents the chiral center.
  • the compound of Formula 1 may be preferably (2R,3R,4S)-6-amino-4-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran.
  • the compound may be administered in an eye drop formulation having a solution form or a suspension form.
  • the compound of Formula 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be administered in an amount of typically about 0.01 to about 100 mg/day, preferably 0.03 to 80 mg/day based on adults with 70 Kg of body weight, although the amount may be changed according to the patient's age, body weight, sex, dosage form, health condition, severity of disease, etc.
  • the administration can be carried out in an appropriate interval, e.g., in a single dose or in divided doses per day, according to the doctor's or pharmacist's instruction.
  • the title compound (76 mg, 34%) was prepared in accordance with the same procedures as in Preparation Example 1, using the epoxide compound, (2S,3R,4R)-6-nitro-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran (129 mg, 0.46 mmol) and (4-chlorophenyl)(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (95 mg, 0.46 mmol).
  • the title compound (2.13 g, 64%) was prepared in accordance with the same procedures as in Preparation Example 1, using the epoxide compound, (2R,3R,4R)-6-nitro-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran (1.038 g, 3.7 mmol) and (4-chlorophenyl)(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (766 mg, 3.7 mmol).
  • the title compound (269 mg, 63%) was prepared in accordance with the same procedures as in Preparation Example 1, using the epoxide compound, (2R,3S,4S)-6-nitro-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran (250 mg, 0.88 mmol) and (4-chlorophenyl)(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (183 mg, 0.88 mmol).
  • the title compound (146 mg, 22%) was prepared in accordance with the same procedures as in Preparation Example 1, using the epoxide compound, (2S,3S,4S)-6-nitro-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran (356 mg, 1.26 mmol) and (4-trifluoromethylphenyl)(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (305 mg, 1.26 mmol).
  • the title compound (280 mg, 28%) was prepared in accordance with the same procedures as in Preparation Example 1, using the epoxide compound, (2S,3S,4S)-6-nitro-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran (591 mg, 2.10 mmol) and (4-methoxyphenyl)(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (427 mg, 2.10 mmol).
  • the title compound (181 mg, 47%) was prepared in accordance with the same procedures as in Preparation Example 1, using the epoxide compound, (2S,3S,4S)-6-nitro-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran (200 mg, 0.71 mmol) and (4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (183 mg, 0.71 mmol).
  • the title compound (310 mg, 41%) was prepared in accordance with the same procedures as in Preparation Example 1, using the epoxide compound, (2S,3S,4S)-6-nitro-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran (400 mg, 1.42 mmol) and (4-bromophenyl)(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (359 mg, 1.42 mmol).
  • the title compound (231 mg, 33%) was prepared in accordance with the same procedures as in Preparation Example 1, using the epoxide compound, (2S,3S,4S)-6-nitro-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran (400 mg, 1.42 mmol) and (2,4-dimethylphenyl)(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (287 mg, 1.42 mmol).
  • the title compound (140 mg, 20%) was prepared in accordance with the same procedures as in Preparation Example 1, using the epoxide compound, (2S,3S,4S)-6-nitro-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran (400 mg, 1.42 mmol) and (2-isopropylphenyl)(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (306 mg, 1.42 mmol).
  • the title compound (253 mg, 37%) was prepared in accordance with the same procedures as in Preparation Example 1, using the epoxide compound, (2S,3S,4S)-6-nitro-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran (400 mg, 1.42 mmol) and (2,3-dimethylphenyl)(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (287 mg, 1.42 mmol).
  • the title compound (416 mg, 49%) was prepared in accordance with the same procedures as in Preparation Example 1, using the epoxide compound, (2R,3R,4R)-6-nitro-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran (500 mg, 1.77 mmol) and (2,3-dimethylphenyl)(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (358 mg, 1.77 mmol).
  • the title compound (570 mg, 60%) was prepared in accordance with the same procedures as in Preparation Example 1, using the epoxide compound, (2R,3R,4R)-6-nitro-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran (500 mg, 1.78 mmol) and (4-bromophenyl)(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (450 mg, 1.78 mmol).
  • the title compound (446 mg, 86%) was prepared in accordance with the same procedures as in Preparation Example 1, using the epoxide compound, (2R,3R,4R)-6-nitro-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran (300 mg, 1.06 mmol) and (4-methoxyphenyl)(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (216 mg, 1.06 mmol).
  • the title compound (650 mg, 48%) was prepared in accordance with the same procedures as in Preparation Example 1, using the epoxide compound, (2S,3S,4S)-6-nitro-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran (800 mg, 2.84 mmol) and (4-fluorophenyl)(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (380 mg, 1.8 mmol).
  • the title compound (500 mg, 58%) was prepared in accordance with the same procedures as in Preparation Example 1, using the epoxide compound, (2S,3S,4S)-6-nitro-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran (500 mg, 1.78 mmol) and (2-methoxyphenyl)(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (253 mg, 1.25 mmol).
  • the title compound (72 mg, 42%) was prepared in accordance with the same procedures as in Preparation Example 1, using the epoxide compound, (2R,3R,4R)-6-nitro-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran (100 mg, 0.35 mmol) and (2-isopropylphenyl)(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (75 mg, 0.35 mmol).
  • the title compound (580 mg, 67%) was prepared in accordance with the same procedures as in Preparation Example 1, using the epoxide compound, (2R,3R,4R)-6-nitro-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran (500 mg, 1.78 mmol) and (2-methoxyphenyl)(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (231 mg, 1.78 mmol).
  • the title compound (337 mg, 39%) was prepared in accordance with the same procedures as in Preparation Example 1, using the epoxide compound, (2R,3R,4R)-6-nitro-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran (500 mg, 1.77 mmol) and (3-chlorophenyl)(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (366 mg, 1.77 mmol).
  • the title compound (280 mg, 35%) was prepared in accordance with the same procedures as in Preparation Example 1, using the epoxide compound, (2S,3S,4S)-6-nitro-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran (450 mg, 1.6 mmol) and (3-chlorophenyl)(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (232 mg, 1.1 mmol).
  • the title compound (155 mg, 40%) was prepared in accordance with the same procedures as in Preparation Example 1, using the epoxide compound, (2R,3R,4R)-6-nitro-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran (200 mg, 0.71 mmol) and (4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine 183 mg (0.71 mmol).
  • the title compound (106 mg, 28%) was prepared in accordance with the same procedures as in Preparation Example 1, using the epoxide compound, (2S,3S,4S)-6-cyano-2-methyl-2-di methoxymethyl-3,4-epoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran (210 mg, 0.8 mmol) and (4-chlorophenyl)(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (167 mg, 0.8 mmol).
  • the nitro compound (177 mg, 0.36 mmol) prepared from Preparation Example 1 was dissolved in methanol (2 mL); and then a 0.4 M aqueous solution of Cu(OAc) 2 (0.38 mL, 0.15 mmol) was added thereto.
  • Sodium borohydride (113 mg, 3.0 mmol) was slowly added at room temperature over 10 minutes to the reaction mixture.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred for an hour; and then ethyl acetate (5 mL) was added thereto.
  • the black precipitates were removed by filtration; and then a saturated aqueous solution of NaHCO 3 (5 mL) was added to the filtrate.
  • the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL).
  • the tests were performed by using Sprague Dawley rats (8 weeks old, male) as animals having corneal damage (15 rats for the experiment group; and 1 rat for normal group, respectively).
  • the corneal damage was induced by applying a cotton swab coated with silver nitrate to the surface of the rat corneas, as as to induce a damage having a diameter of 2 mm in the central cornea.
  • the PBS (20 ⁇ l) containing 10% PEG 400 was subconjunctivally injected.
  • a solution (20 ⁇ l) prepared by dissolving Avastin (used as an angiogenesis inhibitor) in PBS in the concentration of 10 mg/ml was subconjunctivally injected.
  • the evaluations quantifying the photographs of FIG. 1 were performed by using the Image J (NIH, USA) program and the results thereof were shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the animal models injected with the compound of the present invention showed lower corneal angiogenesis than the control group injected with PBS and the positive group injected with Avastin.
  • the group administered with the compound of the present invention (KR) and the group administered with Avastin (Ava) respectively showed 52.6 ⁇ 10% and 66.4 ⁇ 10.6% of corneal angiogenesis, in comparison with the corneal angiogenesis (100%) of the control group (Cont). Therefore, it can be seen that, even when the compound of the present invention was administered in lower concentration than Avastin, it has superior inhibitory effect against corneal angiogenesis ( FIG. 2 ).
  • each solution 50 ⁇ l, one drop
  • PBS polyethylene glycol 400
  • DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
  • FIG. 3 in comparison with the angiogenesis (100%) of the control group (Cont), 29.3 ⁇ 8.6% of angiogenesis was shown in case of the group administered with Avastin (Ava); and 25.1 ⁇ 10.8% of angiogenesis was shown in case of the group administered with the compound of the present invention (KR). It can be seen that, even when the compound of the present invention was used in lower concentration than Avastin, it has superior inhibitory effect against angiogenesis ( FIG. 3 ), which is the same as in Example 1.
  • RNA samples were isolated and then cDNAs were prepared by using a reverse transcriptase.
  • Each cDNA (5 ⁇ l) was mixed with the primer set of FLK-1 and then PCR amplication was performed in a thermocycler under the following conditions; denaturation at 94° C. for 5 minutes, and then 35 cycles of denaturation at 94° C. for 20 seconds, annealing at 58° C. for 1 minute, and extension at 72° C. for 25 seconds.
  • Each PCR product was loaded on 1% agarose gel; and the resulting ethidium bromide fluorescent bands were identified. The results thereof were shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the control group (Control) showed 51 ⁇ 9% of healing rate at 0 hour after the administration, 54 ⁇ 10% of healing rate at 18 hours after the administration, and 92 ⁇ 6% of healing rate at 36 hours after the administration, respectively; and the group (KR eyedrop) administered with the eye drop formulation containing the compound of the present invention, i.e., (2R,3R,4S)-6-amino-4-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran, showed 52 ⁇ 9% of healing rate at 0 hour after the administration, 55 ⁇ 9% of healing rate at 18 hours after the administration, and 94 ⁇ 8% of healing rate at 36 hours after the administration, respectively. Therefore, it can be seen that the normal healing rate of corneal epithelial cells
  • the tests were performed by using Brown Norway rats (8 weeks old, male) as animals having retinal damage (15 rats for the experiment group; and 1 rat for normal group, respectively).
  • the retinal Bruch's membrane of each Brown Norway rat was damaged using a Zeiss 532s laser at the intensity of 200 mV, 30 ms.
  • the drug was administered into the vitreous humor in order to observe the retinal vessels.
  • the compound of the present invention i.e., (2R,3R,4S)-6-amino-4-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-dimethoxymethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran was administered with the solutions (10 ⁇ l of each solution) obtained by dissolving in PBS containing 30% PEG 400 and 10% DMSO, in the concentrations of 0.1 mg/ml and 0.3 mg/ml.
  • Avastin was administered with the solution (10 ⁇ l) obtained by dissolving in PBS in the concentration of 2.5 mg/ml.
  • dextran-FITC was injected into the left ventricle in the dose of 25 mg/kg, followed by enucleating the eye after 5 minutes therefrom; and then fixing in a 10% formalin solution.
  • the cornea and the eye lens were removed from the fixed eye, which was then observed under a fluorescence microscope.
  • Angiogenesis was identified by the intensity and leakage of dextran-FITC in the laser-induced damage site; and the results thereof were shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the evaluations quantifying the photographs of FIG. 7 were performed by using the Image J (NIH, USA) program and the results thereof were shown in FIG. 8 .
  • FIG. 8 shows the evaluation results through quantifying the fluorescence intensities in the photographs of FIG. 7 .
  • the control group (Control) administered with a sterile saline showed 67 ⁇ 3 of fluorescence intensity
  • the group administered with Avastin (Ava) showed 46 ⁇ 3 of fluorescence intensity.
  • the 0.1 mg vitreous humor-administered group (0.1 mg/ml, VI) showed 53 ⁇ 2.8 of fluorescence intensity; the 0.3 mg vitreous humor-administered group (0.3 mg/ml, VI) showed 45 ⁇ 3.1 of fluorescence intensity; and the intraperitoneally administered group (25 mg/kg, IP) showed 51 ⁇ 5 of fluorescence intensity. Therefore, it can be seen that the groups administered with the compound of the present invention showed remarkably low fluorescence intensity; and that, even when the compound of the present invention was injected in lower concentration than Avastin known as an angiogenesis inhibitor, it has equivalent or more effects. In addition, from the results that the intraperitoneal administration also showed the therapeutic effects, it can be seen that the efficiency in terms of administration method is higher in comparison with the conventional therapeutic agent.
  • the tests were performed by using Yutacan Micro pigs (3 kg, male) as animal models having retinal damage (15 pigs for the experiment group).
  • the retinal macular degeneration models were established according to the same procedures as in Brown Norway rats of Example 5.
  • the eye drop formulation (100 ⁇ l, 0.9 mg/ml) prepared according to the same procedures as in Example 2 was administered four times per day for 2 weeks.
  • the solution of the same compound (20 ⁇ l, 0.3 mg/ml) was injected into the vitreous humor once.
  • the compound of the present invention is effective for the treatment of macular degeneration. Especially, it can be seen that, even when the compound of the present invention is administered in the eye drop formulation form, it shows an excellent therapeutic effect of macular degeneration.
  • the eye drop formulations (100 ⁇ l a of each formulation) of the following Formulation Examples 1 to 3 (i.e., the eye drop formulations in the solution form of Formulation Examples 1 and 2; and the eye drop formulation in the suspension form of Formulation Example 3) were administered four times per day for 2 weeks, respectively.
  • the compound was detected in the levels of 1250 ng/ml in the aqueous humor, 195 ng/ml in the vitreous humor, and 846 ng/ml in the retina, respectively, 30 minutes after the administration. 120 minutes after the administration, the compound was detected in the levels of 827 ng/ml in the aqueous humor, 194 ng/ml in the vitreous humor, and 225 ng/ml in the retina, respectively. In the plasma, the compound was not detected, 30 minutes after the administration; and was detected in the level of 0.9 ng/ml, 120 minutes after the administration. Therefore, it can be seen that, when the compound of the present invention was dropped on the eye, it is delivered to the retina; and that only a negligible amount is absorbed into the blood.
  • the compound of Formula 1 or its salt according to the present invention may be formulated into various dosage forms according to the purposes, preferably into an eye drop formulation form.
  • the eye drop formulation may be in a solution form or in a suspension form.
  • the following Formulation Examples illustrate representative examples of the eye drop formulations in a solution or suspension form, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the eye drop formulations in the solution form were prepared according to the components and amounts shown in Table 2. Each amount of Table 2 represents the amount thereof per 1 ml of total volume.
  • the compound of Preparation Example 23 polyethylene glycol 400, glycerin, EDTA, and boric acid were dissolved in sterile water. The pH was adjusted to 6.5 ⁇ 0.5 with diluted hydrochloric acid; and then sterile water was added to the solution, so as to adjust the total volume.
  • Example 2 The compound of 0.9 mg 0.6 mg Formula 1 (Preparation Example 23) Polyethylene glycol 400 150 mg 150 mg Glycerin 120 mg 120 mg EDTA 0.5 mg 0.5 mg Boric acid 10 mg 10 mg Diluted hydrochloric acid q.s. q.s.
  • the eye drop formulation in the suspension form was prepared according to the components and amounts shown in Table 3. Each amount of Table 3 represents the amount thereof per 1 ml of total volume.
  • the compound of Preparation Example 23, povidone K-25, EDTA, boric acid, Borax, and sodium chloride were dispersed in sterile water. The pH was adjusted to 7.0 ⁇ 0.5 with diluted hydrochloric acid; and then sterile water was added to the suspension, so as to adjust the total volume.

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US10487074B2 (en) * 2015-11-27 2019-11-26 Hanlim Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Method for purifying benzopyran derivative, crystal form thereof, and method for preparing crystal form
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