Classifications

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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
  • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/454—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pimozide, domperidone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
  • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4545—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pipamperone, anabasine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/20—Hypnotics; Sedatives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/24—Antidepressants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D211/92—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with a hetero atom directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D211/96—Sulfur atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of piperidine derivatives in therapy, particularly for the treatment or prevention of psychiatric and neurological conditions.
• Prokineticins are cysteine-rich regulatory peptides that are thought to exert signaling activity via two highly conserved G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), the prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1 or PROKR1) and the prokineticin receptor 2 (PKR2 or PROKR2), that belong to the 7-transmembrane domain, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily.
• GPCR G protein-coupled receptor
• Prokineticin receptor 1 also known as GPR73
• Prokineticin Receptor 2 also known as GPR73L1
• Prokineticins PK1 and PK2
• PK1 and PK2 contain 86 and 81 amino acids respectively, sharing 45% amino acid identity. Both prokineticins activate the two prokineticin receptors, PKR1 and PKR2, with similar potency.
• PKR1 receptors couple to G q /G 11 proteins leading to phospholipase C activation, inositol phosphate production and calcium mobilization.
• MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase
• PKR1 is broadly distributed throughout peripheral tissues including the intestinal tract, testis, uterus, lung, mouse dorsal root ganglia, macrophage, bone, heart, rectum, white adipose and peripheral blood leukocytes.
• the receptor is expressed in the brain particularly in olfactory regions as well as in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, house hippocampus, dentate gyrus, cerebellar cortex, cerebral cortex, human hippocampus, amygdala, medulla oblongata and spinal cord.
• DRG dorsal root ganglion
• Prokineticins were originally identified as potent agents mediating gut motility, but were later shown to promote angiogenesis in steroidogenic glands (e.g. adrenal gland), heart and reproductive systems. They also modulate neurogenesis, circadian rhythms, nociception, haematopoiesis as well as the immune response. Prokineticins are thought to be associated with pathologies of the reproductive and nervous systems, myocardial infarction and tumorigenesis.
• antagonism of the functions of the prokineticins may have utility in the treatment of disorders or diseases including gastrointestinal motility, angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, diabetes (e.g. as described in International Patent Application Publication No. WO 2010/077976) and pain (e.g. as described in International Patent Application Publication No. WO 2007/079214).
• the compounds of this invention have beneficial potency, selectivity and/or pharmacokinetic properties.
• prokineticin specifically prokineticin 1 (PK1) and/or prokineticin 2 (PK2), wherein in formula (I)
• Certain compounds of formula (I) are novel compounds. Therefore the present invention further provides a compound of formula (Ia), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
• an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl substituent group or an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl moiety in a substituent group may be linear or branched.
• Examples of C 1 -C 6 alkyl groups/moieties include methyl, ethyl, propyl, 2-methyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-3-butyl, 2,2-dimethyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-pentyl, 3-methyl-1-pentyl, 4-methyl-1-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 2,2-dimethyl-1-butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butyl, 2-ethyl-1-butyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-
• C 2 -C 6 alkenyl groups/moieties include ethenyl, propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, 1,3-pentadienyl, 1,4-pentadienyl and 1-hexadienyl.
• Examples of C 2 -C 6 alkynyl groups/moieties include ethynyl, propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 1-pentynyl and 1-hexynyl.
• a C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl or C 1 -C 6 haloalkoxy substituent group/moiety will comprise at least one halogen atom, e.g. one, two, three, four or five halogen atoms, examples of which include trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or pentafluoroethyl.
• a C 1 -C 6 hydroxyalkyl substituent group/moiety will comprise at least one hydroxyl group, e.g. one, two, three or four hydroxyl groups, examples of which include —CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH(OH)CH 2 OH, —CH(CH 3 )OH and —CH(CH 2 OH) 2 .
• alkyl groups in a di-C 1 -C 6 alkylamino group/moiety may be the same as, or different from, one another.
• the ring A in formula (I) or (Ia) is a 5-membered heteroaromatic ring containing from 1 to 4 ring nitrogen atoms, examples of which include pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl and tetrazolyl.
• a heterocyclic ring system means a saturated, partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated hydrocarbyl group containing from 5 to 9 ring atoms in which one or more (e.g. one, two, three or four) ring carbon atoms are replaced by a corresponding number of ring heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur, particularly nitrogen and oxygen.
• heterocyclic ring systems include tetrahydrofuranyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, morpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, dihydrobenzothienyl and indolyl.
• At least one of W, X, Y and Z represents N or NH.
• Y represents N or NH and W, X and Z each independently represent N, NH or CH.
• Y represents N and W, X and Z each represent CH.
• At least three of W, X, Y and Z independently represent N or NH.
• ring A in which m and R 1 are as previously defined, include:
• the ring A (where the substituents R 1 , which may be the same or different, are as previously defined) is selected from the following moieties:
• the ring A may be selected from one of the following moieties:
• the number (m) of substituents R 1 on ring A may be 0, 1, 2 or 3, preferably 2 or 3.
• each R 1 independently represents halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine), cyano, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 haloalkoxy, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkylthio, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkylcarbonyl, or C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more (e.g. fluorine, chlorine
• each R 1 independently represents halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine, especially chlorine), C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl (e.g. difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl) or C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkyl (especially methyl or ethyl).
• halogen e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine, especially chlorine
• C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl e.g. difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl
• C 1 -C 6 e.g. difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl
• C 1 -C 4 e.g. C 1 -C 4 alkyl
• each R 2 independently represents halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine), cyano, carboxyl, hydroxyl, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 hydroxyalkyl, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkoxyC 1 -C 6 alkyl or a 5-, 6-, 7-, 8- or 9-membered heterocyclic ring system.
• halogen e.g. flu
• each R 2 independently represents halogen (especially fluorine), cyano, hydroxyl, C 1 -C 2 alkyl (especially methyl), C 1 -C 2 alkoxy (especially methoxy), C 1 -C 2 alkoxycarbonyl (especially ethoxycarbonyl), or C 1 -C 2 alkoxyC 1 -C 2 alkyl (particularly methoxymethyl).
• R 3 represents an oxygen or sulphur atom, or a group C ⁇ O, NR 5 or CR 6 R 7 where R 5 represents a hydrogen atom or a C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkyl (preferably methyl) group and R 6 and R 7 each independently represent a hydrogen or halogen (e.g.
• R 6 and R 7 each independently represent a hydrogen or halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine) atom, cyano, hydroxyl, C 1 -C 2 alkyl (preferably methyl), C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl (e.g. difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl), C 1 -C 2 alkoxy, C 1 -C 2 hydroxyalkyl (e.g. hydroxymethyl), or C 1 -C 2 alkoxyC 1 -C 2 alkyl (particularly methoxymethyl).
• halogen e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine
• R 3 represents an oxygen atom or a group C ⁇ O, NR 5 or CR 6 R 7 .
• R 3 represents an oxygen atom or a group NR 5 or CR 6 R 7 .
• R 3 represents an oxygen atom or a group C ⁇ O, NH, N(CH 3 ), CH 2 , CHF, CHCN, CH(OH), CH(OCH 3 ), CH(OC 2 H 5 ), CH(CH 2 OH), C(OH)CH 3 , CH(CH 3 ), CH(CH 2 OCH 3 ) or CH(CHF 2 ).
• R 3 represents an oxygen atom or a group NH, N(CH 3 ), CH 2 , CHF, CHCN, CH(OH), CH(OCH 3 ), CH(OC 2 H 5 ), CH(CH 2 OH), C(OH)CH 3 , CH(CH 3 ), CH(CH 2 OCH 3 ) or CH(CHF 2 ).
• R 3 represents an oxygen atom or a group C ⁇ O, NH, N(CH 3 ) or CH 2 .
• R 4 represents a 6-, 7-, 8-, 9- or 10-membered aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, the ring system itself being optionally substituted by at least one substituent (e.g. one, two, three or four substituents independently) selected from halogen (e.g.
• the heteroaromatic ring system will comprise at least one ring heteroatom (e.g. one, two, three or four ring heteroatoms independently) selected from nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen.
• ring heteroatoms are selected from nitrogen and oxygen.
• 6- to 10-membered aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems which may be monocyclic or polycyclic (e.g. bicyclic) in which the two or more rings are fused, include one or more (in any combination) of phenyl, pyridinyl, naphthyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, quinolinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, indolyl, pyrimidinyl, thiophenyl and benzimidazolyl.
• Preferred ring systems include phenyl, naphthyl and pyridinyl.
• R 4 represents a 6-, 7-, 8-, 9- or 10-membered aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, the ring system itself being optionally substituted by at least one substituent (e.g. one, two, three or four substituents independently) selected from halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine), hydroxyl, cyano, oxo, C 1 -C 4 alkyl (e.g. methyl or ethyl), C 2 -C 4 alkenyl (e.g. ethenyl), C 2 -C 4 alkynyl (e.g. ethynyl), C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl (e.g.
• substituent e.g. one, two, three or four substituents independently
• halogen e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine
• hydroxyl cyano, oxo
• C 1 -C 4 alkyl e.g. methyl or eth
• methylsulphonyl or ethylsulphonyl C 1 -C 4 alkylcarbonyl (e.g. methylcarbonyl or ethylcarbonyl), C 1 -C 4 alkylcarbonyloxy (e.g. methylcarbonyloxy), C 1 -C 4 alkoxycarbonyl (e.g. methoxycarbonyl), amino, —CON(R 8 ) 2 , C 1 -C 4 alkylamino (e.g. methylamino or ethylamino), di-(C 1 -C 4 alkyl)amino (e.g. dimethylamino), C 3 -C 5 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 5 cycloalkyloxy and C 3 -C 5 cycloalkylmethyl.
• C 1 -C 4 alkylcarbonyl e.g. methylcarbonyl or ethylcarbonyl
• R 4 represents a 6-, 7-, 8-, 9- or 10-membered, particularly 6-membered, aromatic or heteroaromatic (particularly a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic) ring system, the ring system itself being optionally substituted by at least one substituent (e.g. one, two, three or four substituents independently) selected from halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine), cyano, C 1 -C 4 alkyl (e.g. methyl or ethyl), C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl (e.g. trifluoromethyl), C 1 -C 4 alkoxy (e.g. methoxy or ethoxy) and C 1 -C 2 haloalkoxy (e.g. trifluoromethoxy).
• substituent e.g. one, two, three or four substituents independently
• substituent e.g. one, two, three or four substituents independently
• halogen e.g. fluorine, chlorine
• R 4 represents a 6-, 7-, 8-, 9- or 10-membered, particularly 6-membered, aromatic or heteroaromatic (particularly a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic) ring system, the ring system itself being optionally substituted by at least one substituent (preferably up to three, most preferably one or two, substituents independently) selected from halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine), cyano, methyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy and trifluoromethoxy.
• substituent e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine
• the definitions of W 1 , X 1 , Y 1 and Z 1 correspond respectively to the definitions of W, X, Y and Z in the compounds of formula (I) as described above.
• the definitions of p and q correspond respectively to the definitions of m and n in the compounds of formula (I) as previously described.
• each R 11 independently represents halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine), cyano, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 haloalkoxy, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkylthio, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkylcarbonyl, or C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more (e.g. one, two, three or four) substituents independently selected from carboxyl and C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or
• each R 11 independently represents halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine), cyano, C 1 -C 2 alkoxy, C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl (e.g. difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl), C 1 -C 2 haloalkoxy (e.g. difluoromethoxy or trifluoromethoxy), C 1 -C 2 alkylthio, C 1 -C 2 alkylcarbonyl, or C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkyl optionally substituted by one or more (e.g. one, two, three or four) substituents independently selected from carboxyl and C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkoxycarbonyl.
• halogen e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine
• cyano e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine
• each R 11 independently represents halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine, especially chlorine), C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl (e.g. difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl) or C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkyl (especially methyl or ethyl).
• halogen e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine, especially chlorine
• C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl e.g. difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl
• C 1 -C 6 e.g. difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl
• C 1 -C 4 e.g. C 1 -C 4 alkyl
• each R 12 independently represents halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine), cyano, carboxyl, hydroxyl, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 hydroxyalkyl, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkoxyC 1 -C 6 alkyl
• each R 12 independently represents halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine), cyano, carboxyl, hydroxyl, C 1 -C 2 alkyl (especially methyl), C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl (e.g. difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl), C 1 -C 2 alkoxy (especially methoxy), C 1 -C 2 hydroxyalkyl (e.g.
• halogen e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine
• each R 12 independently represents halogen (especially fluorine), cyano, hydroxyl, C 1 -C 2 alkyl (especially methyl), C 1 -C 2 alkoxy (especially methoxy), C 1 -C 2 alkoxycarbonyl (especially ethoxycarbonyl), or C 1 -C 2 alkoxyC 1 -C 2 alkyl (particularly methoxymethyl).
• each R 12 independently represents cyano, hydroxyl, C 1 -C 2 alkyl (especially methyl), C 1 -C 2 alkoxy (especially methoxy), C 1 -C 2 alkoxycarbonyl (especially ethoxycarbonyl), or C 1 -C 2 alkoxyC 1 -C 2 alkyl (particularly methoxymethyl).
• R 13 represents an oxygen atom, or a group C ⁇ O, NR 15 or CR 16 R 17 , with the provisos that (i) when R 13 represents CO or NH and ring A represents pyrazol-4-yl or imidazol-4-yl, then p must be 3 and R 14 represents a substituted (but not an unsubstituted) 6- to 10-membered aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, and (ii) when R 13 represents CH 2 and ring A represents pyrazol-4-yl or imidazol-4-yl, then either p is 3 or, alternatively, p is 2 and q is at least 1.
• R 15 represents a hydrogen atom or a C 1 -C 6 , or C 1 -C 4 , or C 1 -C 2 alkyl (preferably methyl) group and R 16 and R 17 each independently represent a hydrogen or halogen (e.g.
• R 13 represents an oxygen atom or a group NR 15 or CR 16 R 17 .
• R 13 represents an oxygen atom or a group C ⁇ O, NH, N(CH 3 ), CH 2 , CHF, CHCN, CH(OH), CH(OCH 3 ), CH(OC 2 H 5 ), CH(CH 2 OH), C(OH)CH 3 , CH(CH 3 ), CH(CH 2 OCH 3 ) or CH(CHF 2 ).
• R 13 represents an oxygen atom or a group NH, N(CH 3 ), CH 2 , CHF, CHCN, CH(OH), CH(OCH 3 ), CH(OC 2 H 5 ), CH(CH 2 OH), C(OH)CH 3 , CH(CH 3 ), CH(CH 2 OCH 3 ) or CH(CHF 2 ).
• R 13 represents an oxygen atom.
• R 13 represents CH 2 .
• R 14 represents a 6-, 7-, 8-, 9- or 10-membered aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, the ring system itself being optionally substituted by at least one substituent (e.g. one, two, three or four substituents independently) selected from halogen (e.g.
• R 14 represents a 6-, 7-, 8-, 9- or 10-membered aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, the ring system itself being optionally substituted by at least one substituent (e.g. one, two, three or four substituents independently) selected from halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine), hydroxyl, cyano, oxo, C 1 -C 4 alkyl (e.g. methyl or ethyl), C 2 -C 4 alkenyl (e.g. ethenyl), C 2 -C 4 alkynyl (e.g. ethynyl), C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl (e.g.
• substituent e.g. one, two, three or four substituents independently
• halogen e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine
• hydroxyl cyano, oxo
• C 1 -C 4 alkyl e.g. methyl or eth
• methylsulphonyl or ethylsulphonyl C 1 -C 4 alkylcarbonyl (e.g. methylcarbonyl or ethylcarbonyl), C 1 -C 4 alkylcarbonyloxy (e.g. methylcarbonyloxy), C 1 -C 4 alkoxycarbonyl (e.g. methoxycarbonyl), amino, —CON(R 18 ) 2 , C 1 -C 4 alkylamino (e.g. methylamino or ethylamino), di-(C 1 -C 4 alkyl)amino (e.g. dimethylamino), C 3 -C 5 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 5 cycloalkyloxy and C 3 -C 5 cycloalkylmethyl.
• C 1 -C 4 alkylcarbonyl e.g. methylcarbonyl or ethylcarbonyl
• R 14 represents a 6-, 7-, 8-, 9- or 10-membered, particularly 6-membered, aromatic or heteroaromatic (particularly a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic) ring system, the ring system itself being optionally substituted by at least one substituent (e.g. one, two, three or four substituents independently) selected from halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine), cyano, C 1 -C 4 alkyl (e.g. methyl or ethyl), C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl (e.g. trifluoromethyl), C 1 -C 4 alkoxy (e.g. methoxy or ethoxy) and C 1 -C 2 haloalkoxy (e.g. trifluoromethoxy).
• substituent e.g. one, two, three or four substituents independently
• substituent e.g. one, two, three or four substituents independently
• halogen e.g. fluorine, chlorine
• R 14 represents a 6-, 7-, 8-, 9- or 10-membered, particularly 6-membered, aromatic or heteroaromatic (particularly a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic) ring system, the ring system itself being optionally substituted by at least one substituent (preferably up to three, most preferably one or two, substituents independently) selected from halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine), cyano, methyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy and trifluoromethoxy.
• substituent e.g. fluorine, chlorine or bromine
• compounds of formula (I) are those in which:
• compounds of formula (Ia) are those in which:
• compounds of formula (Ia) are those in which:
• compounds of formula (Ia) are those in which:
• novel compounds of formula (Ia) according to the invention include:
• L 1 represents a leaving group (e.g. a halogen atom) and m, W, X, Y, Z and R 1 are as defined in formula (I), with a compound of formula
• n, R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are as defined in formula (I); or
• L 2 represents a leaving group (e.g. mesylate) and m, n, W, X, Y, Z, R 1 and R 2 are as defined in formula (I), with a compound of formula L 3 -R 3 -R 4 (V) wherein L 3 represents a leaving group (e.g. mesylate) and R 3 and R 4 are as defined in formula (I); and optionally thereafter carrying out one or more of the following procedures:
• Process (i) above may conveniently be carried out in the presence of an organic solvent such as dichloromethane, acetonitrile or tetrahydrofuran and a suitable base such as triethylamine, pyridine or diisopropylethylamine, at a temperature in the range from 20° C. to 40° C., e.g. at ambient temperature (20° C.).
• an organic solvent such as dichloromethane, acetonitrile or tetrahydrofuran
• a suitable base such as triethylamine, pyridine or diisopropylethylamine
• Process (ii) above may conveniently be carried out as for process (i) but at temperatures in the range from 20 to 80° C.
• L 2 , p, q, W 1 , X 1 , Y 1 , Z 1 , R 11 and R 12 have the meanings defined above, with a compound of formula L 3 -R 13 -R 14 (Va) wherein L 3 , R 13 and R 14 have the meanings defined above.
• m, W, X, Y, Z and R 1 are as defined in formula (I), with sulphur dioxide in the present of an organometallic reagent (e.g. an organolithium reagent such as n-butyl lithium), followed by reaction with a halogenating agent, e.g. N-chlorosuccinimide.
• organometallic reagent e.g. an organolithium reagent such as n-butyl lithium
• a halogenating agent e.g. N-chlorosuccinimide.
• the first step of the process is conveniently carried out in the presence of an organic polar solvent such as ether, chloroform or dichloromethane under a nitrogen atmosphere at low temperature, e.g. from 0° C. to ⁇ 70° C.
• the second step of the process may be carried out using a biphasic solvent mixture, e.g. dichloromethane/water mixture, at ambient temperature (20° C.).
• P 1 represents a nitrogen-protecting group (e.g. tert-butoxy carbonyl group)
• R 20 represents a hydrogen atom or a leaving group (e.g. —SO 2 Me)
• n and R 2 are as defined in formula (I), with a compound of formula (VIII), HO—R 4 , wherein R 4 is as defined in formula (I), in the presence of a coupling agent (e.g. diisopropyl azodicarboxylate).
• a coupling agent e.g. diisopropyl azodicarboxylate
• Compounds of formula (IIIa) may be prepared by processes analogous to those used to prepare compounds of formula (III).
• the compounds of formula (I) or (Ia) above may be converted to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, preferably an acid addition salt such as a hydrochloride, hydrobromide, benzenesulphonate (besylate), saccharin (e.g. monosaccharin), trifluoroacetate, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, acetate, fumarate, maleate, tartrate, lactate, citrate, pyruvate, succinate, valerate, propanoate, butanoate, malonate, oxalate, 1-hydroxy-2-napthoate (xinafoate), methanesulphonate or p-toluenesulphonate salt.
• an acid addition salt such as a hydrochloride, hydrobromide, benzenesulphonate (besylate), saccharin (e.g. monosaccharin), trifluoroacetate, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate
• compounds of formula (I) or (Ia) defined above may bear one or more radiolabels.
• radiolabels may be introduced by using radiolabel-containing reagents in the synthesis of the compounds of formula (I) or (Ia), or may be introduced by coupling the compounds of formula (I) or (Ia) to chelating moieties capable of binding to a radioactive metal atom.
• Such radiolabeled versions of the compounds may be used, for example, in diagnostic imaging studies.
• Compounds of formula (I) or (Ia) and their salts may be in the form of hydrates or solvates which form an aspect of the present invention.
• Such solvates may be formed with common organic solvents, including but not limited to, alcoholic solvents e.g. methanol, ethanol or isopropanol.
• the compounds of formula (I) or (Ia) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts have activity as pharmaceuticals, in particular as prokineticin receptor modulators, and thus may be used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders (e.g., psychotic disorder, psychosis), dementia and other cognitive disorders, anxiety disorders (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder), mood disorders (e.g., depressive disorders, major depressive disorders, bipolar disorders including bipolar I and II, bipolar mania, bipolar depression), sleep disorders, disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence (e.g., attention-deficit disorder and disruptive behaviour disorders), pain (e.g. neuropathic pain), inflammatory conditions and neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease).
• schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders e.g., psychotic disorder, psychosis
• dementia and other cognitive disorders anxiety disorders (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder), mood disorders (e.g., depressive disorders, major depressive disorders, bipolar disorders including bi
• the term “therapy” also includes “prophylaxis” unless there are specific indications to the contrary.
• the terms “therapeutic” and “therapeutically” should be construed accordingly.
• Prophylaxis is expected to be particularly relevant to the treatment of persons who have suffered a previous episode of, or are otherwise considered to be at increased risk of, the disorder or condition in question.
• Persons at risk of developing a particular disorder or condition generally include those having a family history of the disorder or condition, or those who have been identified by genetic testing or screening to be particularly susceptible to developing the disorder or condition or those in the prodromal phase of a disorder.
• the compounds of formula (I) or (Ia) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts as defined above may be used in the treatment of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder or schizoaffective disorder (e.g. voices or hallucinations), cognitive disorders (such as dementia and impaired learning) and also pain (such as neuropathic pain).
• schizophrenia schizophreniform disorder or schizoaffective disorder
• cognitive disorders such as dementia and impaired learning
• pain such as neuropathic pain
• the invention also provides a method of treating at least one symptom or condition associated with schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder and other psychotic disorders (e.g., psychotic disorder, psychosis), dementia and other cognitive disorders, anxiety disorders (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder), mood disorders (e.g., depressive disorders, major depressive disorders, bipolar disorders including bipolar I and II, bipolar mania, bipolar depression), sleep disorders, disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence (e.g. attention-deficit disorder, autistic spectrum disorders and disruptive behaviour disorders), pain (e.g. neuropathic pain) and neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease) which comprises administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or (Ia) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as hereinbefore defined.
• psychotic disorders e.g., generalized anxiety disorder
• mood disorders e.g.,
• Such symptoms and conditions include, but are not limited to, anxiety, agitation, hostility, panic, an eating disorder, an affective symptom, a mood symptom, a negative and positive psychotic symptom commonly associated with psychosis and neurodegenerative disorder.
• the daily dosage of a compound according to the invention i.e. a compound of formula (I) or (Ia) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
• the daily dosage of the compound of the invention may be in the range from 0.01 micrograms per kilogram body weight ( ⁇ g/kg) to 100 milligrams per kilogram body weight (mg/kg).
• the compounds of formula (I) or (Ia) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may be used on their own but will generally be administered in the form of a pharmaceutical composition in which the formula (I) or (Ia) compound/salt (active ingredient) is in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier.
• the present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) or (Ia) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as hereinbefore defined, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier.
• the invention still further provides a process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition of the invention which comprises mixing a compound of formula (I) or (Ia) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as hereinbefore defined with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier.
• compositions of the invention are those conventionally employed in the field of pharmaceutical formulation, and include, but are not limited to, sugars, sugar alcohols, starches, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminium stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycerine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, polyethylene glycol and wool fat.
• compositions of the present invention may be administered orally, parenterally, by inhalation spray, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally or via an implanted reservoir. Oral administration is preferred.
• the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may contain any conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants, diluents or carriers.
• parenteral as used herein includes subcutaneous, intracutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-articular, intrasynovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion techniques.
• the pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable preparation, for example, as a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension.
• the suspension may be formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents (such as, for example, Tween 80) and suspending agents.
• the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
• a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
• the acceptable diluents and solvents that may be employed are mannitol, water. Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
• sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
• any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides.
• Fatty acids, such as oleic acid and its glyceride derivatives are useful in the preparation of injectables, as are natural pharmaceutically acceptable oils, such as olive oil or castor oil, especially in their polyoxyethylated versions.
• These oil solutions or suspensions may also contain a long-chain alcohol diluent or dispersant such as that described in Ph. Helv. or a similar alcohol.
• compositions of this invention may be orally administered in any orally acceptable dosage form including, but not limited to, capsules, tablets, powders, granules, and aqueous suspensions and solutions. These dosage forms are prepared according to techniques well-known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation. In the case of tablets for oral use, carriers which are commonly used include lactose and corn starch. Lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, are also typically added. For oral administration in a capsule form, useful diluents include lactose and dried corn starch. When aqueous suspensions are administered orally, the active ingredient is combined with emulsifying and suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening and/or flavouring and/or colouring agents may be added.
• compositions of the invention may also be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration.
• These compositions can be prepared by mixing the active ingredient with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at room temperature but liquid at the rectal temperature and therefore will melt in the rectum to release the active ingredient.
• suitable non-irritating excipient include, but are not limited to, cocoa butter, beeswax and polyethylene glycols.
• compositions of this invention may be administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation.
• Such compositions are prepared according to techniques well-known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and/or other solubilising or dispersing agents known in the art.
• the pharmaceutical composition will preferably comprise from 0.05 to 99% w (percent by weight), more preferably from 0.05 to 80% w, still more preferably from 0.10 to 70% w, and even more preferably from 0.10 to 50% w, of active ingredient, all percentages by weight being based on total composition.
• the compounds of formula (I) or (Ia) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as defined above may also be administered in conjunction with other compounds used for the treatment of the above conditions.
• the invention therefore further relates to combination therapies wherein a compound of formula (I) or (Ia) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as previously defined or a pharmaceutical composition or formulation comprising a compound of formula (I) or (Ia) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as previously defined is administered with another therapeutic agent or agents, for the treatment of one or more of the conditions previously indicated.
• therapeutic agents may be selected from the following:
• antidepressants such as, for example, amitriptyline, amoxapine, bupropion, citalopram, clomipramine, desipramine, doxepin duloxetine, elzasonan, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, gepirone, imipramine, ipsapirone, maprotiline, nortriptyline, nefazodone, paroxetine, phenelzine, protriptyline, reboxetine, robaizotan, sertraline, sibutramine, thionisoxetine, tranylcypromaine, trazodone, trimipramine, venlafaxine, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• antidepressants such as, for example, amitriptyline, amoxapine, bupropion, citalopram, clomipramine, desi
• atypical antipsychotics including, for example, quetiapine and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• antipsychotics including, for example, amisulpride, aripiprazole, asenapine, benzisoxidil, bifeprunox, carbamazepine, clozapine, chlorpromazine, debenzapine, divalproex, duloxetine, eszopiclone, haloperidol, iloperidone, lamotrigine, loxapine, mesoridazine, olanzapine, paliperidone, perlapine, perphenazine, phenothiazine, phenylbutlypiperidine, pimozide, prochlorperazine, risperidone, sertindole, sulpiride, suproclone, suriclone, thioridazine, trifluoperazine, trimetozine, valproate, valproic acid, zopiclone, zotepine, ziprasidon
• anxiolytics including, for example, alnespirone, azapirones, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof.
• Example anxiolytics include adinazolam, alprazolam, balezepam, bentazepam, bromazepam, brotizolam, buspirone, clonazepam, clorazepate, chlordiazepoxide, cyprazepam, diazepam, diphenhydramine, estazolam, fenobam, flunitrazepam, flurazepam, fosazepam, lorazepam, lormetazepam, meprobamate, midazolam, nitrazepam, oxazepam, prazepam, quazepam, reclazepam, tracazolate, trep
• anticonvulsants including, for example, carbamazepine, valproate, lamotrogine, and gabapentin, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• Alzheimer's therapies including, for example, donepezil, memantine, tacrine, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• Parkinson's therapies including, for example, deprenyl, L-dopa, Requip, Mirapex, MAOB inhibitors such as selegine and rasagiline, comP inhibitors such as Tasmar, A-2 inhibitors, dopamine reuptake inhibitors, NMDA antagonists, Nicotine agonists, and Dopamine agonists and inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• migraine therapies including, for example, almotriptan, amantadine, bromocriptine, butalbital, cabergoline, dichloralphenazone, eletriptan, frovatriptan, lisuride, naratriptan, pergolide, pramipexole, rizatriptan, ropinirole, sumatriptan, zolmitriptan, and zomitriptan, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• (ix) stroke therapies including, for example, abciximab, activase, NXY-059, citicoline, crobenetine, desmoteplase, repinotan, traxoprodil, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• urinary incontinence therapies including, for example, darafenacin, falvoxate, oxybutynin, propiverine, robalzotan, solifenacin, and tolterodine, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• neuropathic pain therapies including, for example, gabapentin, lidoderm, and pregablin, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• nociceptive pain therapies such as, for example, celecoxib, etoricoxib, lumiracoxib, rofecoxib, valdecoxib, diclofenac, loxoprofen, naproxen, and paracetamol, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• insomnia therapies including, for example, allobarbital, alonimid, amobarbital, benzoctamine, butabarbital, capuride, chloral, cloperidone, clorethate, dexclamol, ethchlorvynol, etomidate, glutethimide, halazepam, hydroxyzine, mecloqualone, melatonin, mephobarbital, methaqualone, midaflur, nisobamate, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, propofol, roletamide, triclofos, secobarbital, zaleplon, and Zolpidem, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• mood stabilizers including, for example, carbamazepine, divalproex, gabapentin, lamotrigine, lithium, olanzapine, quetiapine, valproate, valproic acid, and verapamil, and equivalents and pharmaceutically active isomer(s) and/or metabolite(s) thereof;
• (xv) 5HT1B ligands such as, for example, compounds disclosed in WO 99/05134 and WO 02/08212;
• alpha 7 nicotinic agonists such as, for example, compounds disclosed in WO 96/006098, WO 97/030998, WO 99/003859, WO 00/042044, WO 01/029034, WO 01/60821, WO 01/36417, WO 02/096912, WO 03/087102, WO 03/087103, WO 03/087104, WO 2004/016617, WO 2004/016616, and WO 2004/019947;
• (xix) delta opioid agonists such as, for example, compounds disclosed in WO 97/23466 and WO 02/094794.
• Such combination products employ the compound of formula (I) or (Ia) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as previously defined within the dosage range described herein and the other pharmaceutically active agent within approved dosage ranges and/or the dosage such as described in the publication reference.
• the present invention provides a combination (for example for the treatment of schizophrenia, cognitive disorders or pain) of a compound of formula (I) or (Ia) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as hereinbefore defined and one or more agents independently selected from carbamazepine, olanzapine, quetiapine, verapamil, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, risperidone, aripiprazol, ziprasidone and lithium.
• agents independently selected from carbamazepine, olanzapine, quetiapine, verapamil, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, risperidone, aripiprazol, ziprasidone and lithium.
• the invention also provides a pharmaceutical product comprising, in combination, a preparation of a first active ingredient which is a compound of formula (I) or (Ia) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as hereinbefore defined, and a preparation of a second active ingredient which is carbamazepine, olanzapine, quetiapine, verapamil, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, risperidone, aripiprazol, ziprasidone or lithium, for simultaneous, sequential or separate use in therapy.
• a pharmaceutical product comprising, in combination, a preparation of a first active ingredient which is a compound of formula (I) or (Ia) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as hereinbefore defined, and a preparation of a second active ingredient which is carbamazepine, olanzapine, quetiapine, verapamil, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, risperidone, aripiprazol, ziprasidon
• the invention provides a kit comprising a preparation of a first active ingredient which is a compound of formula (I) or (Ia) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as hereinbefore defined, and a preparation of a second active ingredient which is carbamazepine, olanzapine, quetiapine, verapamil, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, risperidone, aripiprazol, ziprasidone or lithium, and instructions for the simultaneous, sequential or separate administration of the preparations to a patient in need thereof.
• a preparation of a first active ingredient which is a compound of formula (I) or (Ia) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as hereinbefore defined
• a preparation of a second active ingredient which is carbamazepine, olanzapine, quetiapine, verapamil, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, risperidone, aripiprazol, ziprasidone or lithium
• each R 11 independently represents halogen, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl or C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
• each R 12 independently represents halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 alkoxycarbonyl or C 1 -C 6 alkoxyC 1 -C 6 alkyl.
• R 16 and R 17 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group.
• R 14 represents a 6- to 10-membered aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, the ring system itself being optionally substituted by at least one substituent selected from halogen, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy and C 1 -C 6 haloalkoxy.
• heteroaromatic ring system comprises from 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen and oxygen.
• a compound according to any one of preceding paragraphs 1 through 15 being selected from:
• L 1 represents a leaving group and p, W 1 , X 1 , Y 1 , Z 1 and R 11 are as defined in formula (Ia), with a compound of formula
• L 2 represents a leaving group and p, q, W 1 , X 1 , Y 1 , Z 1 , R 11 and R 12 are as defined in formula (Ia), with a compound of formula L 3 -R 13 -R 14 (Va) wherein L 3 represents a leaving group and R 13 and R 14 are as defined in formula (Ia); and optionally thereafter carrying out one or more of the following procedures:
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to any one of paragraphs 4 to 16 in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier, and optionally one or more other therapeutic agents.
• Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were recorded at 400 MHz; the chemical shifts ( ⁇ ) are reported in parts per million. Spectra were recorded using a Bruker 400 Avance instrument fitted with a 5 mm BBFO probe or DUL probe. Instrument control was by Bruker TopSpin 2.1 software, unless stated otherwise.
• Preparative HPLC was performed using an Agilent Technologies 1100 Series system or a Waters autopurification LC/MS system typically using Waters 19 mm id ⁇ 100 mm long C18 columns such as XBridge or SunFire 5 ⁇ m materials at room temperature.
• Mobile phases typically consisted of acetonitrile or methanol mixed with water containing either 0.1% formic acid or 0.1% ammonia, unless stated otherwise.
• Room temperature in the following schemes means the temperature ranging from 20° C. to 25° C.
• HMBC-HMQC Heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectroscopy-Heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation spectroscopy
• the lithium sulfinate salt of 1,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole from step (i) was added to a biphasic mixture of dichloromethane (50 mL) and ice cold water (70 mL). N-chlorosuccinimide (6.23 g, 0.9 eq.) was added portion-wise with vigorous stirring. The reaction mixture was stirred further for 30 minutes at 5° C. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (2 ⁇ 30 mL). The combined organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under vacuum to obtain the title compound, 1,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-sulfonyl chloride (5.5 g, 55%). The regio-selectivity was confirmed by HMBC-HMQC analysis.
• the prepared Grignard reagent was added to the solution at 0° C. and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours.
• the reaction was diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated.
• the crude compound was purified by silica column chromatography eluted with 0-15% ethyl acetate/n-hexane to afford tert-Butyl 4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate (3.0 g, 41% yield).
• Trifluoroacetic acid (15 mL) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 22, 3.0 g, 8.3 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) at 0° C. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 45 minutes then concentrated and azeotroped with DCM to afford 4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)piperidin-4-ol 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate (2.0 g, 65% yield).
• Butyl lithium (1.6 M in hexanes) (6.03 mL, 9.65 mmol) was added slowly to a suspension of (4-chloro-3-fluorobenzyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (4.26 g, 8.77 mmol) in THF (40 mL) under inert atmosphere at 0° C. The resulting suspension was stirred at 0° C. for 15 minutes, then warmed to room temperature for 2 hours.
• tert-Butyl 4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (1.922 g, 9.65 mmol) as a solution in THF (5 mL) was added and the suspension was stirred at room temperature overnight.
• tert-butyl 4-(4-chloro-3-fluorobenzyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (2.01 g, 6.13 mmol, 98% yield) as a yellow oil that was used without further purification.
• Hydrogen chloride (4M in dioxane) (3.05 mL, 12.20 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 4-(4-chloro-3-fluorobenzyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (2 g, 6.10 mmol) in Methanol (20 mL) and stirred overnight.
• the solution was concentrated and azeotroped with toluene to give 4-(4-chloro-3-fluorobenzyl)piperidine hydrochloride (1.56 g, 5.91 mmol, 97% yield) as a white solid.
• the crude compound was purified by silica column chromatography eluted with 0-20% ethyl acetate in hexane to yield tert-butyl 4-(5-chloro-3-fluoropyridin-2-yloxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate (0.5 g, 60% yield).
• 12% HCl in dioxane (5 mL) was added to tert-butyl 4-(5-chloro-3-fluoropyridin-2-yloxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate (0.5 g, 1.5 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours.
• the reaction was concentrated.
• the crude compound was purified by trituration with diethyl ether (10 ⁇ 2 mL) to afford 5-chloro-3-fluoro-2-(piperidin-4-yloxy)pyridine hydrochloride (0.3 g, 34% yield).
• the crude compound was purified by silica column chromatography eluted with 0-5% ethyl acetate/n-hexane to yield tert-butyl 4-(4-chloro-2-fluorobenzyl)-4-fluoropiperidine-1-carboxylate (1.7 g, 34% yield).
• HCl-dioxane (30 mL) was added dropwise to tert-butyl 4-(4-chloro-2-fluorobenzyl)-4-fluoropiperidine-1-carboxylate (1.7 g, 0.005 mol) in dioxane (10 mL) at 0° C.
• the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour.
• the reaction was concentrated.
• the crude compound was purified by triturating in diethyl ether (20 mL ⁇ 3) to yield 4-(4-chloro-2-fluorobenzyl)-4-fluoropiperidine hydrochloride (1.2 g, 87%
• tert-butyl 4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (3.14 g, 0.015 mol) was dissolved in anhydrous diethyl ether (50 mL) and cooled to 0° C. under nitrogen.
• the prepared Grignard reagent was added to the solution at 0° C. and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours.
• the reaction was diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated.
• the crude compound was purified by silica column chromatography eluted with 0-15% ethyl acetate/n-hexane to yield tert-butyl 4-(4-chloro-2-methoxybenzyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate (3.4 g, 37% yield).
• tert-butyl 4-((4-chlorophenyl)(methoxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate 0.545 g, 1.604 mmol, 87% yield
• Hydrogen chloride 4M in dioxane
• 0.802 mL, 3.21 mmol was added to a solution of tert-butyl 4-((4-chlorophenyl)(methoxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (0.545 g, 1.604 mmol) in methanol (10 mL).
• tert-butyl 4-((4-chlorophenyl)(ethoxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (0.445 g, 1.257 mmol, 82% yield) as a colourless oil.
• Hydrogen chloride (4M in dioxane) (0.629 ml, 2.51 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 4-((4-chlorophenyl)(ethoxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (0.445 g, 1.257 mmol) in Methanol (5 mL).
• tert-Butyl 4-(4-chloro-2-fluorobenzylidene)piperidine-1-carboxylate was prepared as described for tert-butyl 4-(4-chloro-3-fluorobenzylidene)piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 24) using 4-(bromomethyl)-1-chloro-3-fluorobenzene.
• Triethylsilane (2.157 mL, 13.50 mmol) was added dropwise to a suspension of palladium on carbon (10% wt, 287 mg, 0.270 mmol) and tert-butyl 4-(4-chloro-2-fluorobenzylidene)piperidine-1-carboxylate (880 mg, 2.70 mmol) in methanol (50 mL) under nitrogen at 0° C. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. The suspension was filtered through diatomaceous earth and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo to afford tert-butyl 4-(4-chloro-2-fluorobenzyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate as a colourless oil (quantitative).

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