US20130318956A1 - Electric construction machine - Google Patents

Electric construction machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130318956A1
US20130318956A1 US13/989,882 US201213989882A US2013318956A1 US 20130318956 A1 US20130318956 A1 US 20130318956A1 US 201213989882 A US201213989882 A US 201213989882A US 2013318956 A1 US2013318956 A1 US 2013318956A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
battery
electric motor
battery system
electrical power
hydraulic
Prior art date
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Abandoned
Application number
US13/989,882
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English (en)
Inventor
Masayuki Yunoue
Akira Noguchi
Tatsuo Takishita
Hajime Kurikuma
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Hitachi Construction Machinery Co Ltd
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Hitachi Construction Machinery Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Construction Machinery Co Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Construction Machinery Co Ltd
Assigned to HITACHI CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY CO., LTD. reassignment HITACHI CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KURIKUMA, HAJIME, NOGUCHI, AKIRA, TAKISHITA, TATSUO, YUNOUE, MASAYUKI
Publication of US20130318956A1 publication Critical patent/US20130318956A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2091—Control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. battery or capacitors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/30—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom
    • E02F3/32—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom working downwardly and towards the machine, e.g. with backhoes
    • E02F3/325—Backhoes of the miniature type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2062—Control of propulsion units
    • E02F9/207—Control of propulsion units of the type electric propulsion units, e.g. electric motors or generators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
    • E02F9/2282—Systems using center bypass type changeover valves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
    • E02F9/2285—Pilot-operated systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrically-operated hydraulic excavator and other electric construction machines, and more particularly to electric construction machines having a battery device that serves as an electrical power source for an electric motor.
  • the electrically-operated hydraulic excavator which is one of the electric construction machines, includes, for example, a hydraulic pump driven by an electric motor, a plurality of hydraulic actuators (or more specifically, a boom hydraulic cylinder, an arm hydraulic cylinder, a bucket hydraulic cylinder, etc.), a plurality of operating means for specifying the operations of the hydraulic actuators, and a plurality of directional control valves for controlling the flow of hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic pump to the hydraulic actuators in accordance with the operations of the operating means.
  • a hydraulic pump driven by an electric motor a plurality of hydraulic actuators (or more specifically, a boom hydraulic cylinder, an arm hydraulic cylinder, a bucket hydraulic cylinder, etc.), a plurality of operating means for specifying the operations of the hydraulic actuators, and a plurality of directional control valves for controlling the flow of hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic pump to the hydraulic actuators in accordance with the operations of the operating means.
  • a known electrically-operated hydraulic excavator has a battery that serves as an electrical power source for an electric motor.
  • the battery is made, for instance, of lead, lithium ions, or nickel hydride and divisible into a minimal unit called a cell.
  • a final commercially-available product of the battery is a module that includes one pack of a plurality of cells.
  • An electrically-operated hydraulic excavator described, for instance, in Patent Document 1 has a battery device that includes a plurality of modules (namely, a plurality of batteries).
  • the above-mentioned battery device is formed by series-connecting all the batteries although it is not explicitly described in Patent Document 1.
  • the electric motor is driven by the electrical power supplied from all the batteries. It means that all the batteries are simultaneously used. Therefore, if the battery device is to be charged because only a small amount of electrical power is stored in the battery device while the electrically-operated hydraulic excavator is operated, for instance, at a construction site, the electrically-operated hydraulic excavator needs to travel to a charging site by using its battery power or travel to the load-carrying platform of a vehicle by using its battery power for the purpose of being carried to the charging site. If all the batteries are exhausted without the knowledge of an operator of the electrically-operated hydraulic excavator, it is difficult to achieve charging because the electrically-operated hydraulic excavator is stopped and unable to travel by using its battery power.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an electric construction machine that is capable of avoiding a situation where charging is difficult to achieve due to the exhaustion of all of its batteries.
  • an electric construction machine including an electric motor, a hydraulic pump, a plurality of hydraulic actuators, and a battery device.
  • the hydraulic pump is driven by the electric motor.
  • the hydraulic actuators are driven by hydraulic fluid discharged from the hydraulic pump.
  • the battery device serves as an electrical power source for the electric motor.
  • the battery device includes a plurality of battery systems which each have a plurality of series-connected batteries. The battery systems are mutually parallel-connected.
  • the electric construction machine also includes connection change control means that can change the connections of the battery systems to select one of the battery systems and let the selected battery system supply electrical power to the electric motor.
  • the battery device includes the battery systems and drives the electric motor by allowing one of the battery systems to supply electrical power.
  • the connection change control means can switch to another battery system to let it supply electrical power to the electric motor and operate the electric construction machine. As the electric construction machine can travel by using its battery power, it is possible to avoid a situation where charging is difficult to achieve.
  • the electric construction machine as described in (1) above, further including manual selection means that is manually operated to select one of the battery systems.
  • the connection change control means changes the connections of the battery systems so that the battery system selected by the manual selection means supplies electrical power to the electric motor.
  • the electric construction machine as described in (1) above, further including a plurality of remaining battery power amount acquisition means, motor stop control means, and automatic selection means.
  • the remaining battery power amount acquisition means acquires information about the amount of electrical power remaining in each of the battery systems.
  • the motor stop control means stops the electric motor when a battery system supplying electrical power to the electric motor is exhausted.
  • the automatic selection means automatically selects a battery system other than the exhausted battery system when a preselected period of time elapses after the electric motor is stopped by the motor stop control means.
  • the connection change control means changes the connections of the battery systems so that the battery system selected by the automatic selection means supplies electrical power to the electric motor.
  • the electric construction machine as described in (1), (2), or (3) above, further including display means for indicating a battery system that supplies electrical power to the electric motor.
  • the present invention makes it possible to avoid a situation where charging is difficult to achieve due to the exhaustion of all batteries.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view illustrating the overall structure of an electrically-operated hydraulic excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view illustrating the overall structure of the electrically-operated hydraulic excavator according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a hydraulic circuit diagram illustrating the configuration of a hydraulic drive device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of an inverter device and related equipment according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a battery device and related equipment according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a battery charge control process according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a motor drive control process according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a motor drive control process according to a modified embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of an inverter device and related equipment according to the modified embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view illustrating the overall structure of the electrically-operated hydraulic excavator according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view.
  • the front side (the right side of FIG. 1 ), rear side (the left side of FIG. 1 ), left side (the rear side of FIG. 1 ), and right side (the front side of FIG. 1 ) of an operator seated on a cab seat of the electrically-operated hydraulic excavator shown in FIG. 1 are hereinafter simply referred to as the front side, the rear side, the left side, and the right side, respectively.
  • the electrically-operated hydraulic excavator (a mini-excavator having an operating mass of less than 6 tons in the present embodiment) includes a crawler-type lower travel structure 1 , an upper turning structure 2 , a turning frame 3 , a swing post 4 , a multi-joint work machine 5 , a canopy-type cab 6 , and a battery device compartment 8 .
  • the upper turning structure 2 is turnably mounted on the lower travel structure 1 .
  • the turning frame 3 forms a basic lower structure for the upper turning structure 2 .
  • the swing post 4 is mounted on the front side of the turning frame 3 and can be turned in a left-right direction.
  • the multi-joint work machine 5 is coupled to the swing post 4 and can be turned (elevated) in an up-down direction.
  • the canopy-type cab 6 is mounted on the turning frame 3 .
  • the battery device compartment 8 is disposed on the rear side of the turning frame 3 to house a battery device 7 (see later-referenced FIGS. 3 to 5 ).
  • the lower travel structure 1 includes a track frame 9 , a pair of left and right driving wheels 10 , 10 , a pair of left and right driven wheels (idlers) 11 , 11 , and a pair of left and right crawler belts 12 , 12 .
  • the track frame 9 is substantially shaped like the letter H when viewed from above.
  • the driving wheels 10 , 10 are positioned near the left and right rear ends of the track frame 9 and rotatably supported.
  • the driven wheels 11 , 11 are positioned near the left and right front ends of the track frame 9 and rotatably supported.
  • the left and right crawler belts 12 , 12 are threaded around the left and right driving wheels 10 and driven wheels 11 .
  • the left driving wheel 10 (namely, the left crawler belt 12 ) is rotationally driven by a left travel hydraulic motor 13 A (see later-referenced FIG. 3 ).
  • the right driving wheel 10 (namely, the right crawler belt 12 ) rotates when a right travel hydraulic motor 13 B is driven.
  • a blade 14 for earth removal is mounted on the front side of the track frame 9 and can be moved up and down.
  • a blade hydraulic cylinder (not shown) is telescopically driven to move the blade 14 up and down.
  • a turning wheel 15 is disposed at the center of the track frame 9 .
  • the turning frame 3 can be turned through the turning wheel 15 .
  • the turning frame 3 (namely, the upper turning structure 2 ) turns when a turning hydraulic motor (not shown) is driven.
  • the swing post 4 which is mounted on the front side of the turning frame 3 and can be turned in a left-right direction, turns in the left-right direction when a swing hydraulic cylinder (not shown) is telescopically driven. This causes the work machine 5 to swing in the left-right direction.
  • the work machine 5 includes a boom 16 , an arm 17 , and a bucket 18 .
  • the boom 16 is coupled to the swing post 4 and can be pivoted in an up-down direction.
  • the arm 17 is coupled to the boom 16 and can be pivoted in an up-down direction.
  • the bucket 18 is coupled to the arm 17 and can be pivoted in an up-down direction.
  • the boom 16 , the arm 17 , and the bucket 18 are pivoted in the up-down direction by a boom hydraulic cylinder 19 , an arm hydraulic cylinder 20 , and a bucket hydraulic cylinder 21 .
  • the bucket 18 can be replaced, for instance, with an attachment (not shown) in which an optional hydraulic actuator is incorporated.
  • the cab 6 includes a cab seat (seat) 22 on which the operator sits.
  • Left and right travel control levers 23 A, 23 B (only the travel control lever 23 A is shown in a later-referenced FIG. 3 ), which can be manipulated in a front-rear direction by a hand or by a foot to specify the operations of the left and right travel hydraulic motors 13 A, 13 B (namely, the left and right crawler belts 12 , 12 ), are disposed in front of the cab seat 22 .
  • An optional control pedal (not shown) is disposed on a base to the left of the left travel control lever 23 A. When manipulated in a left-right direction, the optional control pedal specifies the operation of the optional hydraulic actuator (namely, the attachment).
  • a swing control pedal (not shown) is disposed on a base to the right of the right travel control lever 23 B. When manipulated in a left-right direction, the swing control pedal specifies the operation of the swing hydraulic cylinder (namely, the swing post 4 ).
  • An arm/turning control lever 24 A (not shown), which is a cross-directional control lever, is disposed to the left of the cab seat 22 .
  • the arm/swing control lever 24 A specifies the operation of the arm hydraulic cylinder 20 (namely, the arm 17 ) when manipulated in a front-rear direction and specifies the operation of the turning hydraulic motor (namely, the upper turning structure 2 ) when manipulated in a left-right direction.
  • a boom/bucket control lever 24 B which is a cross-directional control lever, is disposed to the right of the cab seat 22 .
  • the boom/bucket control lever 24 B specifies the operation of the boom hydraulic cylinder 19 (namely, the boom 16 ) when manipulated in a front-rear direction and specifies the operation of the bucket hydraulic cylinder 21 (namely, the bucket 18 ) when manipulated in a left-right direction.
  • a blade control lever (not shown) is disposed to the right of the cab seat 22 .
  • the blade control lever specifies the operation of the blade hydraulic cylinder (namely, the blade 14 ) when manipulated in a front-rear direction.
  • a gate lock lever (not shown) is disposed to the left of the cab seat 22 (namely, on a platform of the cab 6 ).
  • the gate lock lever is placed in either an unlock position (or more specifically, a descent position for inhibiting the operator from getting into and out of the cab 6 ) or a lock position (or more specifically, an ascent position for permitting the operator to get into and out of the cab 6 ).
  • a key switch 25 , a dial 26 , a charge switch 27 , a selector switch 28 , remaining amount indicators 29 A, 29 B (see later-referenced FIGS. 4 and 5 ), and the like are disposed to the right of the cab seat 22 .
  • a monitor 30 is disposed to the front right of the cab seat 22 .
  • FIG. 3 is a hydraulic circuit diagram illustrating the configuration of a hydraulic drive device included in the electrically-operated hydraulic excavator described above.
  • FIG. 3 shows the configuration concerning the left travel hydraulic motor 13 A and the boom hydraulic cylinder 19 as a representative example.
  • an electric motor 31 the battery device 7 , an inverter device 32 , a hydraulic pump 33 , a pilot pump 34 , a hydraulic pilot type operating device 35 , and a left travel directional control valve 36 are provided.
  • the battery device 7 serves as an electrical power source for the electric motor 31 .
  • the inverter device 32 controls the electrical power supplied to the electric motor 31 in order to control the drive of the electric motor 31 .
  • the hydraulic pump 33 and the pilot pump 34 are driven by the electric motor 31 .
  • the hydraulic pilot type operating device 35 includes the aforementioned left travel control lever 23 A.
  • the left travel directional control valve 36 controls the flow of hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic pump 33 to the left travel hydraulic motor 13 A in accordance with the position of the left travel control lever 23 A, which is manipulated in a front-rear direction.
  • a hydraulic pilot type operating device 37 and a boom directional control valve 38 are provided.
  • the hydraulic pilot type operating device 37 includes the aforementioned boom/bucket control lever 24 B.
  • the boom directional control valve 38 controls the flow of hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic pump 33 to the boom hydraulic cylinder 19 in accordance with the position of the boom/bucket control lever 24 B, which is manipulated in a front-rear direction.
  • the configuration concerning the right travel hydraulic motor 13 B, the arm hydraulic cylinder 20 , the bucket hydraulic cylinder 21 , the turning hydraulic motor, the swing hydraulic cylinder, and the blade hydraulic cylinder is substantially the same as described above.
  • the left travel directional control valve 36 , the boom directional control valve 38 , and other directional control valves are of a center bypass type and provided with a center bypass path that is positioned on a center bypass line 39 .
  • the center bypass path of each directional control valve is series-connected to the center bypass line 39 . When the spool of a directional control valve is in neutral position, the center bypass path of the directional control valve is in communication with the center bypass line 39 .
  • the center bypass path is out of communication with the center bypass line 39 .
  • the upstream end of the center bypass line 39 is connected to a discharge line 40 of the hydraulic pump 33 , whereas the downstream end of the center bypass line 39 is connected to a tank line 41 .
  • the left travel directional control valve 36 , the boom directional control valve 38 , and other directional control valves each include a signal path that is positioned on a hydraulic signal line 42 . More specifically, the signal path of each directional control valve is series-connected to the hydraulic signal line 42 . When the spool of a directional control valve is in neutral position, the signal path of the directional control valve is in communication with the hydraulic signal line 42 . When the spool is moved to either the left position or right position shown in FIG. 3 , the signal path is out of communication with the hydraulic signal line 42 .
  • the upstream end of the hydraulic signal line 42 is connected so that it branches off from a discharge line 43 of the pilot pump 34 , whereas the downstream end of the hydraulic signal line 42 is connected to the tank line 41 .
  • the upstream end of the most upstream directional control valve 36 in the hydraulic signal line 42 is provided with a fixed restrictor 44 .
  • a pressure switch 45 (operation detection means) is disposed between the fixed restrictor 44 and the directional control valve 36 .
  • the pressure switch 45 introduces the hydraulic fluid on the upstream side of the directional control valve 36 . When the introduced hydraulic fluid reaches a preselected threshold value, the pressure switch 45 closes its contact.
  • the pressure switch 45 detects whether any of the directional control valves has changed its position, that is, detects whether any of the hydraulic actuators (or more specifically, the left and right travel hydraulic motors 13 A, 13 B, the boom hydraulic cylinder 19 , the arm hydraulic cylinder 20 , the bucket hydraulic cylinder 21 , the turning hydraulic motor, the switch hydraulic cylinder, and the blade hydraulic cylinder) is operated. If any hydraulic actuator is operated, the pressure switch 45 outputs an ON signal.
  • the hydraulic actuators or more specifically, the left and right travel hydraulic motors 13 A, 13 B, the boom hydraulic cylinder 19 , the arm hydraulic cylinder 20 , the bucket hydraulic cylinder 21 , the turning hydraulic motor, the switch hydraulic cylinder, and the blade hydraulic cylinder
  • the left travel directional control valve 36 changes its position in accordance with a pilot pressure exerted by the operating device 35 .
  • the operating device 35 includes the aforementioned left travel control lever 23 A and a pair of pressure-reducing valves (pilot valves not shown) that generate the pilot pressure by using the discharge pressure of the pilot pump 34 as a source pressure in accordance with the position of the control lever 23 A, which is manipulated in a front-rear direction.
  • the pilot pressure generated by one of the pilot valves in accordance with the amount of control lever 23 A manipulation is output to a pressure-receiving section of the left travel directional control valve 36 that is disposed on the right side of FIG. 3 .
  • the left travel directional control valve 36 is then placed in the right position shown in FIG. 3 .
  • This causes the left travel hydraulic motor 13 A to rotate in a forward direction and the left driving wheel 10 and crawler belt 12 to rotate in a forward direction.
  • the control lever 23 A is manipulated from the neutral position into the rear position, the pilot pressure generated by the other pilot valve in accordance with the amount of control lever 23 A manipulation is output to a pressure-receiving section of the left travel directional control valve 36 that is disposed on the left side of FIG. 3 .
  • the left travel directional control valve 36 is then placed in the left position shown in FIG. 3 . This causes the left travel hydraulic motor 13 A to rotate in a rearward direction and the left driving wheel 10 and crawler belt 12 to rotate in a rearward direction.
  • the boom directional control valve 38 changes its position in accordance with a pilot pressure exerted by the operating device 37 .
  • the operating device 37 includes, for example, the boom/bucket control lever 24 B and a pair of pilot valves (pilot valves not shown) that generate the pilot pressure by using the discharge pressure of the pilot pump 34 as a source pressure in accordance with the position of the control lever 24 B, which is manipulated in a front-rear direction.
  • pilot pressure generated by one of the pilot valves in accordance with the amount of control lever 24 B manipulation is output to a pressure-receiving section of the boom directional control valve 38 that is disposed on the right side of FIG. 3 .
  • the boom directional control valve 38 is then placed in the right position shown in FIG. 3 . This causes the boom hydraulic cylinder 19 to contract and the boom 16 to descend.
  • the control lever 24 B is manipulated into the rear position, the pilot pressure generated by the other pilot valve in accordance with the amount of control lever 24 B manipulation is output to a pressure-receiving section of the boom directional control valve 38 that is disposed on the left side of FIG. 3 .
  • the boom directional control valve 38 is then placed in the left position shown in FIG. 3 . This causes the boom hydraulic cylinder 19 to expand and the boom 16 to ascend.
  • the discharge line 43 of the pilot pump 34 is provided with a pilot relief valve (not shown) that keeps the discharge pressure of the pilot pump 34 constant. Further, the discharge line 43 of the pilot pump 34 is provided with a lock valve 46 .
  • the lock valve 46 changes its position in accordance with the operation of the aforementioned lock lever. More specifically, a lock switch 47 (see later-referenced FIG. 4 ) is provided. When the lock lever is in the unlock position (the descent position), the lock switch 47 closes. When the lock lever is in the lock position (the ascent position), the lock switch 47 opens. When, for instance, the lock switch 47 closes, a solenoid section of the lock valve 46 is energized through the lock switch 47 so that the lock valve 46 is placed in the lower position shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the discharge line 43 of the pilot pump 34 then goes into communication so that the discharge pressure of the pilot pump 34 is introduced into the operating devices 35 , 37 and the like.
  • the lock switch 47 opens, the solenoid section of the lock valve 46 does not become energized so that the force of a spring places the lock valve 46 in the upper position shown in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the inverter device 32 and related equipment according to the present embodiment.
  • the inverter device 32 selectively exercises battery charge control and motor drive control.
  • the battery charge control is exercised to supply electrical power from, for example, an external commercial power source 48 to the battery device 7 when a cable from the commercial power source 48 is connected.
  • the motor drive control is exercised to generate AC power based on DC power from the battery device 7 and supplies the generated AC power to the electric motor 31 .
  • the inverter device 32 includes a rectifier 49 , a step-up/step-down transformer 50 , an inverter 51 , a control change switch (normally-open contact relay) 52 A, a control change switch (normally-open contact relay) 52 B, and an arithmetic control section 53 .
  • the rectifier 49 converts an AC voltage of 200 V, which is supplied from the commercial power source 48 , to a DC voltage when the battery charge control is exercised.
  • the step-up/step-down transformer 50 functions as a step-down transformer to decrease a DC voltage from the rectifier 49 and supply the decreased DC voltage to the battery device 7 .
  • the step-up/step-down transformer 50 functions as a step-up transformer to increase a DC voltage of approximately 200 V from the battery device 7 to a voltage of approximately 300 V.
  • the inverter 51 generates an alternating current based on a direct current from the step-up/step-down transformer 50 and supplies the generated alternating current to the electric motor 31 when the motor drive control is exercised.
  • the control change switch 52 A is disposed between the rectifier 49 and the step-up/step-down transformer 50 .
  • the control change switch 52 B is disposed between the step-up/step-down transformer 50 and the inverter 51 .
  • the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 inputs signals from, for example, the aforementioned key switch 25 , dial 26 , charge switch 27 , selector switch 28 , pressure switch 45 , and lock switch 47 and can communicate with later-described battery controllers 54 A, 54 B of the battery device 7 . Further, the arithmetic control section 53 controls the step-up/step-down transformer 50 , the inverter 51 , and the control change switches 52 A, 52 B and outputs a display signal to the monitor 30 .
  • the key switch 25 includes a key cylinder and a key, which can be inserted into the key cylinder, and outputs a signal in accordance with a position (OFF position, ON position, or START position) into which the key is rotated.
  • the dial 26 specifies a target revolution speed for the electric motor 31 , and outputs a signal indicative of the target revolution speed designated by a position into which the dial 26 is rotated.
  • the charge switch 27 specifies whether or not to exercise the battery charge control (turn ON or OFF a battery charge control function), and outputs a signal in accordance with a position (OFF position or ON position) in which the charge switch 27 is placed.
  • the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 exercises the battery charge control when the key switch 25 is found to be placed in the OFF position depending on whether a signal is output from the key switch 25 , the charge switch 27 is found to be placed in the ON position depending on whether a signal is output from the charge switch 27 , and the cable from the commercial power source 48 is found to be connected depending on whether a signal is output from a cable connection detection circuit (not shown).
  • the arithmetic control section 53 exercises control to close the control change switch 52 A and open the control change switch 52 B, and outputs an instruction to the step-up/step-down transformer 50 to decrease the voltage.
  • the step-up/step-down transformer 50 decreases the DC voltage from the rectifier 49 and supplies the decreased DC voltage to the battery device 7 .
  • the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 When, for instance, the charge switch 27 is found to be placed in the OFF position depending on whether a signal is output from the charge switch 27 while the battery device 7 is being charged, the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 outputs a stop instruction to the step-up/step-down transformer 50 . In accordance with the stop instruction, the step-up/step-down transformer 50 stops a charge process.
  • the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 initiates the motor drive control.
  • the arithmetic control section 53 exercises control to open the control change switch 52 A and close the control change switch 52 B, and outputs an instruction to the step-up/step-down transformer 50 to increase the voltage.
  • the step-up/step-down transformer 50 increases a DC voltage of approximately 200 V from the battery device 7 to a voltage of approximately 300 V.
  • the arithmetic control section 53 also outputs an instruction indicative of a target revolution speed designated by the dial 26 to the inverter 51 .
  • the inverter 51 controls the voltage applied to the electric motor 31 so that the actual revolution speed of the electric motor 31 agrees with the target revolution speed.
  • the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 When, for instance, all hydraulic actuators are found to be deactivated depending on whether a signal is output from the pressure switch 45 while the electric motor 31 is being driven and a preselected period of time (e.g., 4 seconds) elapses in the above state, the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 outputs an instruction to the inverter 51 to indicate a preselected low revolution speed (idle revolution speed). In accordance with the instruction, the inverter 51 controls the voltage applied to the electric motor 31 so that the actual revolution speed of the electric motor 31 agrees with the preselected low revolution speed.
  • a preselected period of time e.g. 4 seconds
  • the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 When, for instance, the key switch 25 is found to be placed in the OFF position depending on whether a signal is output from the key switch 25 while the electric motor 31 is being driven, the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 outputs a stop instruction to the inverter 51 . In accordance with the stop instruction, the inverter 51 stops the electric motor 31 .
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the battery device 7 and related equipment, which are essential parts of the present embodiment.
  • the battery device 7 includes a first battery system 56 A and a second battery system 56 B.
  • the first battery system 56 A includes, for example, nine series-connected batteries (namely, modules) 55 (only three representative batteries are shown in FIG. 5 ).
  • the second battery system 56 B includes, for example, nine series-connected batteries 55 (only three representative batteries are shown in FIG. 5 ).
  • the battery systems 56 A, 56 B are parallel-connected to each other and connected to the step-up/step-down transformer 50 of the inverter device 32 .
  • the battery device 7 also includes a first battery controller 54 A, which relates to the first battery system 56 A, and a second battery controller 54 B, which relates to the second battery system 56 B.
  • each battery 55 includes a plurality of cells made, for instance, of lithium ions, and is provided with a cell controller that monitors the cells.
  • Each cell controller in the first battery system 56 A acquires information about each battery 55 (or more specifically, the current, voltage, temperature, and other state quantities) and outputs the acquired information to the first battery controller 54 A.
  • each cell controller in the second battery system 56 B acquires information about each battery 55 and outputs the acquired information to the second battery controller 54 B.
  • the positive electrode side of the first battery system 56 A (the right side of FIG. 5 ) is provided with a first current sensor 57 A and a first connection change switch (normally-open contact relay) 58 A.
  • the positive electrode side of the second battery system 56 B (the right side of FIG. 5 ) is provided with a second current sensor 57 B and a second connection change switch (normally-open contact relay) 58 B.
  • the first current sensor 57 A detects the current of the first battery system 56 A and outputs the detected current to the first battery controller 54 A.
  • the second current sensor 57 B detects the current of the second battery system 56 B and outputs the detected current to the second battery controller 54 B.
  • the first battery controller 54 A computes the amount of electrical power remaining in the first battery system 56 A in accordance with the battery information (voltage, etc.) supplied from a plurality of cell controllers and transmits the computed value to the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 .
  • the first battery controller 54 A also determines the level of a charge state indicated by the computed electrical power remaining in the first battery system 56 A on a scale, for instance, of ten levels (in which, more specifically, level 0 represents a fully-discharged state whereas level 10 represents a fully-charged state), and outputs a display signal indicative of the determined level to the remaining amount indicator 29 A.
  • the remaining amount indicator 29 A illuminates/extinguishes, for example, a 10-segment bar to indicate the amount of electrical power remaining in the first battery system 56 A on a scale of ten levels.
  • the second battery controller 54 B computes the amount of electrical power remaining in the second battery system 56 B in accordance with the battery information (voltage, etc.) supplied from a plurality of cell controllers and transmits the computed value to the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 .
  • the second battery controller 54 B also determines the level of a charge state indicated by the computed electrical power remaining in the second battery system 56 B on a scale, for instance, of ten levels and outputs a display signal indicative of the determined level to the remaining amount indicator 29 B.
  • the remaining amount indicator 29 B illuminates/extinguishes, for example, a 10-segment bar to indicate the amount of electrical power remaining in the second battery system 56 B on a scale of ten levels.
  • the first battery controller 54 A determines in accordance with the battery information from a plurality of cell controllers whether the first battery system 56 A is abnormal. If the first battery system 56 A is found to be abnormal, the first battery controller 54 A transmits an error signal to the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 .
  • the second battery controller 54 B determines in accordance with the battery information from a plurality of cell controllers whether the second battery system 56 B is abnormal. If the second battery system 56 B is found to be abnormal, the second battery controller 54 B transmits an error signal to the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 .
  • a major feature of the present embodiment is that the selector switch 28 (see earlier-referenced FIG. 4 ) selects either one of the battery systems 56 A, 56 B in accordance with a manual operation, and outputs a selection signal indicative of a position selected by the manual operation.
  • the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 exercises control to close the first connection change switch 58 A through the first battery controller 54 A and open the second connection change switch 58 B through the second battery controller 54 B. This connects the first battery system 56 A to the step-up/step-down transformer 50 of the inverter device 32 .
  • the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 exercises control to open the first connection change switch 58 A through the first battery controller 54 A and close the second connection change switch 58 B through the second battery controller 54 B. This connects the second battery system 56 B to the step-up/step-down transformer 50 of the inverter device 32 .
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating the battery charge control process according to the present embodiment.
  • step 100 the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 exercises control to close the control change switch 52 A and open the control change switch 52 B. Processing then proceeds to step 110 .
  • step 110 if, for instance, the first battery system 56 A is selected by the selector switch 28 , the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 transmits a close instruction signal to the first battery controller 54 A and transmits an open instruction signal to the second battery controller 54 B.
  • the first battery controller 54 A exercises control to close the first connection change switch 58 A whereas the second battery controller 54 B exercises control to open the second connection change switch 58 B.
  • step 120 the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 outputs an instruction to the step-up/step-down transformer 50 to decrease the voltage.
  • the AC voltage of 200 V from the commercial power source 48 is then converted to a DC voltage by the rectifier 49 .
  • the resulting DC voltage is decreased by the step-up/step-down transformer 50 and supplied to the first battery system 56 A to charge the first battery system 56 A.
  • the first current sensor 57 A detects the current of the first battery system 56 A and transmits a resulting detection signal to the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 through the first battery controller 54 A. Processing then proceeds to step 130 .
  • the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 uses the aforementioned detection signal to verify that the first battery system 56 A is being charged, and outputs a display signal for the first battery system 56 A to the monitor 30 . Accordingly, the monitor 30 indicates that the first battery system 56 A is being charged.
  • the first battery controller 54 A While the first battery system 56 A is being charged, the first battery controller 54 A successively computes the amount of electrical power remaining in the first battery system 56 A, transmits the computed value to the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 , and causes the remaining amount indicator 29 A to display the computed value.
  • step 140 the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 determines whether the first battery system 56 A is fully charged. If, for instance, the first battery system 56 A is not yet fully charged, the condition in step 140 is not met. Therefore, the arithmetic control section 53 continuously causes the first battery system 56 A to be charged until the condition is met. However, if an error signal is received from the battery controller 54 A or from the battery controller 54 B, the arithmetic control section 53 outputs a stop instruction to the step-up/step-down transformer 50 to stop a charge process. In this instance, the arithmetic control section 53 outputs an error display signal to the monitor 30 and outputs a drive signal to a buzzer (not shown). This causes the monitor 30 to illuminate its abnormality indicator lamp and the buzzer to sound.
  • step 150 the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 transmits an open instruction signal to the first battery controller 54 A and transmits a close instruction signal to the second battery controller 54 B.
  • the first battery controller 54 A exercises control to open the first connection change switch 58 A
  • the second battery controller 54 B exercises control to close the second connection change switch 58 B.
  • This connects the second battery system 56 B to the step-up/step-down transformer 50 of the inverter device 32 .
  • the AC voltage of 200 V from the commercial power source 48 is converted to a DC voltage by the rectifier 49 .
  • the resulting DC voltage is decreased by the step-up/step-down transformer 50 and supplied to the second battery system 56 B to charge the second battery system 56 B.
  • the second current sensor 57 B detects the current of the second battery system 56 B and transmits a resulting detection signal to the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 through the second battery controller 54 B. Processing then proceeds to step 160 .
  • the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 uses the aforementioned detection signal to verify that the second battery system 56 B is being charged, and outputs a display signal for the second battery system 56 B to the monitor 30 . Accordingly, the monitor 30 indicates that the second battery system 56 B is being charged.
  • the second battery controller 54 B While the second battery system 56 B is being charged, the second battery controller 54 B successively computes the amount of electrical power remaining in the second battery system 56 B, transmits the computed value to the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 , and causes the remaining amount indicator 29 B to display the computed value.
  • step 170 the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 determines whether the second battery system 56 B is fully charged. If, for instance, the second battery system 56 B is not yet fully charged, the condition in step 170 is not met. Therefore, the arithmetic control section 53 continuously causes the second battery system 56 B to be charged until the condition is met. However, if an error signal is received from the battery controller 54 A or from the battery controller 54 B, the arithmetic control section 53 outputs a stop instruction to the step-up/step-down transformer 50 to stop a charge process. In this instance, the arithmetic control section 53 outputs an error display signal to the monitor 30 and outputs a drive signal to the buzzer. This causes the monitor 30 to illuminate its abnormality indicator lamp and the buzzer to sound.
  • step 180 the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 transmits an open instruction signal to the second battery controller 54 B.
  • the second battery controller 54 B exercises control to open the second connection change switch 58 B. This disconnects the battery systems 56 A, 56 B from the step-up/step-down transformer 50 of the inverter device 32 , thereby terminating the battery charge control.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the motor drive control process according to the present embodiment.
  • step 200 the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 exercises control to open the control change switch 52 A and close the control change switch 52 B. Processing then proceeds to step 210 .
  • step 210 if, for instance, the first battery system 56 A is selected by the selector switch 28 , the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 transmits a close instruction signal to the first battery controller 54 A and transmits an open instruction signal to the second battery controller 54 B.
  • the first battery controller 54 A exercises control to close the first connection change switch 58 A whereas the second battery controller 54 B exercises control to open the second connection change switch 58 B.
  • step 220 the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 outputs an instruction to the step-up/step-down transformer 50 to increase the voltage.
  • step 230 the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 outputs an instruction indicative of a target revolution speed to the inverter 51 .
  • the DC voltage from the first battery system 56 A is then increased by the step-up/step-down transformer 50 .
  • an AC voltage is generated by the inverter 51 based on the increased DC voltage and is supplied to the electric motor 31 to drive the electric motor 31 .
  • the first current sensor 57 A detects the current of the first battery system 56 A and transmits a resulting detection signal to the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 through the first battery controller 54 A. Processing then proceeds to step 240 .
  • the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 uses the aforementioned detection signal to verify that the first battery system 56 A is being discharged, and outputs a display signal for the first battery system 56 A to the monitor 30 . Accordingly, the monitor 30 indicates that the first battery system 56 A is being discharged.
  • the first battery controller 54 A While the first battery system 56 A is being discharged, the first battery controller 54 A successively computes the amount of electrical power remaining in the first battery system 56 A, transmits the computed value to the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 , and causes the remaining amount indicator 29 A to display the computed value.
  • step 250 the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 determines whether no electrical power remains in the first battery system 56 A (that is, whether the first battery system 56 A is fully discharged). If, for instance, the first battery system 56 A is not yet fully discharged, the condition in step 250 is not met. Therefore, the arithmetic control section 53 continuously causes the electric motor 31 to be driven (that is, causes the first battery system 56 A to be discharged) until the condition is met.
  • the arithmetic control section 53 outputs a stop instruction to the step-up/step-down transformer 50 and to the inverter 51 to stop the electric motor 31 .
  • the arithmetic control section 53 outputs an error display signal to the monitor 30 and outputs a drive signal to the buzzer. This causes the monitor 30 to illuminate its abnormality indicator lamp and the buzzer to sound.
  • step 250 the condition in step 250 is met so that processing proceeds to step 260 .
  • step 260 the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 transmits a display signal to the remaining amount indicator 29 A through the first battery controller 54 A to indicate that the first battery system 56 A is fully discharged.
  • the remaining amount indicator 29 A for example, blinks only the both ends of the 10-segment bar.
  • step 270 the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 outputs a stop instruction to the inverter 51 to stop the electric motor 31 (motor stop means). In this instance, a drive signal is output to the buzzer to sound the buzzer.
  • step 280 the selection signal from the selector switch 28 is used to determine whether the selector switch 28 is operated to select the second battery system 56 B. If, for instance, the selector switch 28 is not operated and the second battery system 56 B is not selected, the condition in step 280 is not met. Therefore, processing returns to step 270 to repeat the above-described steps.
  • step 290 the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 transmits an open instruction signal to the first battery controller 54 A and transmits a close instruction signal to the second battery controller 54 B.
  • the first battery controller 54 A exercises control to open the first connection change switch 58 A whereas the second battery controller 54 B exercises control to close the second connection change switch 58 B. This connects the second battery system 56 B to the step-up/step-down transformer 50 of the inverter device 32 .
  • processing proceeds to step 300 .
  • step 300 an instruction indicative of a target revolution speed is output to the inverter 51 .
  • the DC voltage from the second battery system 56 B is increased by the step-up/step-down transformer 50 .
  • An AC voltage is then generated by the inverter 51 based on the increased DC voltage and supplied to the electric motor 31 to drive the electric motor 31 .
  • the second current sensor 57 B detects the current of the second battery system 56 B and transmits a resulting detection signal to the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 through the second battery controller 54 B. Processing then proceeds to step 310 .
  • the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 uses the aforementioned detection signal to verify that the second battery system 56 B is being discharged, and outputs a display signal for the second battery system 56 B to the monitor 30 . Accordingly, the monitor 30 indicates that the second battery system 56 B is being discharged.
  • the second battery controller 54 B While the second battery system 56 B is being discharged, the second battery controller 54 B successively computes the amount of electrical power remaining in the second battery system 56 B, transmits the computed value to the arithmetic control section 53 of the inverter device 32 , and causes the remaining amount indicator 29 B to display the computed value.
  • the battery device 7 includes the two battery systems 56 A, 56 B so that either one of them supplies electrical power to drive the electric motor 31 .
  • the selector switch 28 can be manually operated to switch to the other battery system and let the other battery system supply electrical power to the electric motor 31 .
  • This makes it possible to operate the electrically-operated hydraulic excavator. Consequently, as the electrically-operated hydraulic excavator can travel by using its battery power, it is possible to avoid a situation where charging is difficult to achieve.
  • the electrically-operated hydraulic excavator is stopped until the operator operates the selector switch 28 .
  • This ensures that the operator certainly becomes aware of the exhausted battery system. Further, the operator can feel the length of time during which the excavator is available, that is, the interval between the instant at which a battery system is fully charged and the instant at which it is fully discharged. Therefore, after switching from one battery system to another, the operator can predict the maximum length of time during which the currently selected battery system can be used. This makes it possible to plan the timing of charging.
  • the two battery systems 56 A, 56 B can be fully charged to operate the electrically-operated hydraulic excavator. This make is possible to reduce the time required for charging. Moreover, the length of time of use and the number of charge and discharge processes vary from one battery system to another. This causes battery replacement periods to vary from one battery system to another. Therefore, unlike the case where all the batteries are series-connected so that their replacement periods are the same, it is possible to decrease the number of batteries to be replaced at a time and reduce the replacement cost of each battery.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating the motor drive control process according to the modified embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of an inverter device 32 A and related equipment according to the modified embodiment. Portions equal to those of the foregoing preferred embodiment will not be redundantly described.
  • an arithmetic control section 53 A of the inverter device 32 A determines in step 250 whether the first battery system 56 A is exhausted (namely, fully discharged). If, for instance, the first battery system 56 A supplying electrical power to the electric motor 31 is fully discharged, the condition in step 250 is met so that processing proceeds to step 260 . In step 260 , the arithmetic control section 53 A of the inverter device 32 A causes the remaining amount indicator 29 A to indicate that the first battery system 56 A is fully discharged. The arithmetic control section 53 A of the inverter device 32 A then proceeds to step 270 and stops the electric motor 31 .
  • step 320 determines whether a preselected period of time has elapsed. Before the elapse of the preselected period of time, the condition in step 320 is not met so that the arithmetic control section 53 A of the inverter device 32 A returns to step 270 and repeats the same steps.
  • step 290 the arithmetic control section 53 A of the inverter device 32 A transmits an open instruction signal to the first battery controller 54 A and transmits a close instruction signal to the second battery controller 54 B.
  • the first battery controller 54 A exercises control to open the first connection change switch 58 A whereas the second battery controller 54 B exercises control to close the second connection change switch 58 B. This connects the second battery system 56 B to the step-up/step-down transformer 50 of the inverter device 32 A.
  • processing proceeds to step 300 .
  • step 300 an instruction indicative of a target revolution speed is output to the inverter 51 .
  • the DC voltage from the second battery system 56 B is increased by the step-up/step-down transformer 50 .
  • An AC voltage is then generated by the inverter 51 based on the increased DC voltage and supplied to the electric motor 31 .
  • the above-described modified embodiment also avoids a situation where charging is difficult to achieve due to the exhaustion of all batteries, as is the case with the foregoing preferred embodiment.
  • the electrically-operated hydraulic excavator remains stopped for a predetermined period of time when a battery system supplying electrical power to the electric motor 31 is exhausted. This ensures that the operator certainly becomes aware of the exhausted battery system.
  • the battery device 7 is configured so that the battery systems 56 A, 56 B have the same number of batteries 55 .
  • the present invention is not limited to such a battery device configuration.
  • the battery systems 56 A, 56 B may differ in the number of batteries 55 .
  • the first battery system 56 A may include twelve series-connected batteries 55 whereas the second battery system 56 B may include six series-connected batteries 55 .
  • the battery device 7 according to the foregoing preferred embodiment has been described on the assumption that it includes two battery systems 56 A, 56 B.
  • the present invention is not limited to such a battery device configuration.
  • the battery device 7 may include three or more battery systems.
  • the battery device 7 may include three battery systems that each have six series-connected batteries 55 .
  • the modified embodiment described above provides the same advantages as the foregoing preferred embodiment.
  • the electrically-operated hydraulic excavator includes, for instance, the left and right travel hydraulic motors 13 A, 13 B and the turning hydraulic motor as hydraulic actuators other than the work machine hydraulic actuators (or more specifically, the boom hydraulic cylinder 19 , the arm hydraulic cylinder 20 , and the bucket hydraulic cylinder 21 ).
  • the present invention is not limited to such a configuration.
  • the electrically-operated hydraulic excavator may include left and right travel electric motors, which are driven by electrical power supplied from the battery device 7 , instead of the left and right travel hydraulic motors 13 A, 13 B.
  • the electrically-operated hydraulic excavator may include a turning electric motor, which is driven by electrical power supplied from the battery device 7 , instead of the turning hydraulic motor.
  • a turning electric motor which is driven by electrical power supplied from the battery device 7 , instead of the turning hydraulic motor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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CN103299005B (zh) 2015-10-21
KR20140009279A (ko) 2014-01-22
JPWO2012114794A1 (ja) 2014-07-07
EP2679734A1 (en) 2014-01-01
EP2679734A4 (en) 2018-01-03
EP2679734B1 (en) 2018-12-12

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