US20130227965A1 - Magnetic refrigeration system - Google Patents

Magnetic refrigeration system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130227965A1
US20130227965A1 US13/872,781 US201313872781A US2013227965A1 US 20130227965 A1 US20130227965 A1 US 20130227965A1 US 201313872781 A US201313872781 A US 201313872781A US 2013227965 A1 US2013227965 A1 US 2013227965A1
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Prior art keywords
heat
section
transport medium
heat exchange
heat transport
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US13/872,781
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English (en)
Inventor
Ryosuke YAGI
Akiko Saito
Tadahiko Kobayashi
Shiori Kaji
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Toshiba Corp
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Toshiba Corp
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Assigned to KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBA reassignment KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KAJI, SHIORI, KOBAYASHI, TADAHIKO, SAITO, AKIKO, YAGI, RYOSUKE
Publication of US20130227965A1 publication Critical patent/US20130227965A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B2321/002—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • Embodiments described herein relate generally to a magnetic refrigeration system.
  • a magnetic refrigeration cycle is configured using the magnetocaloric effect to produce a high temperature section and a low temperature section.
  • the refrigeration technology called the AMR (active magnetic regenerative refrigeration) technique.
  • AMR active magnetic regenerative refrigeration
  • the lattice entropy has been placed as an impediment to magnetic refrigeration in the cryogenic region.
  • the AMR technique rather actively utilizes the lattice entropy.
  • the magnetic refrigeration operation using the magnetocaloric effect is performed by a component including a magnetocaloric effect material. Simultaneously, the cold heat generated by this magnetic refrigeration operation is stored in that component.
  • the AMR technique can achieve a higher heat exchange efficiency than the gas refrigeration technology using the gas compression-expansion cycle.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view for illustrating a magnetic refrigeration system according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view for illustrating the heat exchange section
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart for illustrating the function of the heat exchange section according to the first embodiment
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic sectional views for illustrating heat exchange in the heat exchange section according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view for illustrating a magnetic refrigeration system according to a second embodiment
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B are schematic views for illustrating magnetic refrigeration systems according to a third embodiment
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B are schematic sectional views for illustrating the heat exchange section 1 of the magnetic refrigeration system according to the embodiment
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view for illustrating a heat exchange section 51 of the AMR magnetic refrigeration system according to the comparative example.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing the comparison between the heat transport efficiency in Practical example 1 and the heat transport efficiency in Comparative example 1.
  • a magnetic refrigeration system includes a first heat exchange section, a magnetic field changing section, a first heat transport medium, a second heat transport medium, and a transport section.
  • the first heat exchange section includes a magnetocaloric effect material.
  • the magnetic field changing section is configured to change magnetic field to the first heat exchange section.
  • the second heat transport medium is separated from the first heat transport medium.
  • the second heat transport medium is different from the first heat transport medium in specific heat per unit volume.
  • the transport section is configured to sequentially feed the first heat exchange section with the first heat transport medium and the second heat transport medium.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view for illustrating a magnetic refrigeration system according to a first embodiment.
  • the magnetic refrigeration system 100 includes a heat exchange section (ARM bed) 1 (first heat exchange section), a magnetic field generating section 2 , a moving section 3 , a high temperature side heat exchange section 4 (second heat exchange section), a low temperature side heat exchange section 5 (second heat exchange section), a piping 6 , a piping 7 , a heat transport medium 8 , a heat transport medium 9 , a transport section 10 , a transport section 11 , and a control section 24 .
  • ARM bed first heat exchange section
  • first heat exchange section first heat exchange section
  • magnetic field generating section 2 includes moving section 3 , a high temperature side heat exchange section 4 (second heat exchange section), a low temperature side heat exchange section 5 (second heat exchange section), a piping 6 , a piping 7 , a heat transport medium 8 , a heat transport medium 9 , a transport section 10 , a transport section 11 , and a control section 24 .
  • second heat exchange section second heat exchange section
  • second heat exchange section second heat
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view for illustrating the heat exchange section.
  • the moving direction of the heat transport medium 8 , 9 is taken as x direction, and a direction perpendicular thereto is taken as y direction.
  • the heat exchange section 1 including a magnetocaloric effect material includes a region 14 , a region 12 (first region) connected to the piping 6 , and a region 13 (second region) connected to the piping 7 .
  • the region 14 is configured to include a magnetocaloric effect material.
  • the region 14 can be configured to include a magnetocaloric effect material such as Gd (gadolinium).
  • the region 12 is provided so as to penetrate through the region 14 .
  • the outer peripheral surface of the region 12 is in contact with the region 14 .
  • the region 12 can be e.g. a channel penetrating through the region 14 .
  • the heat transport medium 8 fed through the piping 6 is enabled to flow through the region 12 .
  • the region 13 is provided so as to penetrate through the region 14 .
  • the outer peripheral surface of the region 13 is in contact with the region 14 .
  • the region 13 can be e.g. a channel penetrating through the region 14 .
  • the heat transport medium 9 fed through the piping 7 is enabled to flow through the region 13 .
  • the heat transport medium 8 flowing through the region 12 and the heat transport medium 9 flowing through the region 13 are separated from each other by the region 14 . This prevents the heat transport medium 8 and the heat transport medium 9 from mixing with each other.
  • heat generation and heat absorption occur in the region 14 .
  • Heat exchange occurs between the region 14 and the heat transport medium 8 located in the region 12 .
  • heat exchange occurs between the region 14 and the heat transport medium 9 located in the region 13 .
  • the region 13 is fed with a heat transport medium 90 b in the case where the region 12 is fed with a heat transport medium 80 a .
  • the region 13 is fed with a heat transport medium 90 a in the case where the region 12 is fed with a heat transport medium 80 b .
  • the aforementioned region 14 preferably has a configuration (e.g., a plate-like body free from voids and the like) for passing the heat transport medium 8 , 9 and preventing the heat transport media from mixing with each other.
  • a configuration e.g., a plate-like body free from voids and the like
  • the embodiment is not limited thereto.
  • a partition for preventing passage of the heat transport medium can be provided between the region 14 and the region 12 and between the region 14 and the region 13 .
  • a tubular body can be provided as the partition, not shown, so that the inside of the tubular body constitutes the region 12 , 13 and the outside of the tubular body constitutes the region 14 .
  • the region 14 can be formed from a sintered body including voids, or formed by packing granular bodies.
  • the magnetocaloric effect material is not limited to Gd (gadolinium) described above, but only need to be a material developing the magnetocaloric effect.
  • the magnetocaloric effect material can be any of e.g. Gd compounds of Gd (gadolinium) mixed with various elements, intermetallic compounds made of various rare earth elements and transition metal elements, Ni 2 MnGa alloys, GdGeSi compounds, LaFe 13 -based compounds, and various magnetic materials such as LaFe 13 H.
  • the magnetic field generating section 2 is placed outside the heat exchange section 1 and applies a magnetic field to the heat exchange section 1 .
  • the magnetic field generating section 2 can be e.g. a permanent magnet.
  • the permanent magnet can be e.g. a NdFeB (neodymium-iron-boron) magnet, SmCo (samarium-cobalt) magnet, or ferrite magnet.
  • the moving section 3 is connected to the magnetic field generating section 2 and changes the relative position of the heat exchange section 1 and the magnetic field generating section 2 .
  • changing the relative position means changing the relative position of the heat exchange section 1 and the magnetic field generating section 2 to enable switching between the position 22 (ON position) where the magnetic field generating section 2 applies the magnetic field to the heat exchange section 1 and the position 23 (OFF position) where the magnetic field generating section 2 does not apply the magnetic field to the heat exchange section 1 .
  • the magnetic field can be applied to the heat exchange section 1 , and the magnetic field applied to the heat exchange section 1 can be removed.
  • heat generation and heat absorption occur by application of the magnetic field and removal of the magnetic field. The details on the function of the heat exchange section 1 will be described later.
  • the moving section 3 can be e.g. a section for applying mechanical variation to the magnetic field generating section 2 to change the relative position of the heat exchange section 1 and the magnetic field generating section 2 .
  • the magnetic field generating section 2 and the moving section 3 constitute a magnetic field changing section for changing the magnetic field to the heat exchange section 1 .
  • the moving section 3 is connected to the magnetic field generating section 2 to apply mechanical variation to the magnetic field generating section 2 .
  • the moving section 3 may be connected to the heat exchange section 1 to apply mechanical variation to the heat exchange section 1 .
  • the moving section 3 can include e.g. driving means such as a motor.
  • the magnetic field generating section 2 a permanent magnet is illustrated.
  • an electromagnet can also be used as the magnetic field generating section 2 .
  • the moving section 3 can be configured to apply mechanical variation to the magnetic field generating section 2 .
  • the moving section 3 can also be configured as e.g. a switch for switching between energization and deenergization of the electromagnet.
  • the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 performs heat exchange between the heat transport medium 8 heated in the heat exchange section 1 and a heat exchange target, not shown.
  • the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 can be e.g. a section for heating air by performing heat exchange between the heat transport medium 8 at high temperature and air.
  • the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 performs heat exchange between the heat transport medium 9 subjected to heat absorption in the heat exchange section 1 and a heat exchange target, not shown.
  • the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 can be e.g. a section for cooling air by performing heat exchange between the heat transport medium 9 at low temperature and air.
  • the piping 6 connects the heat exchange section 1 , the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 , and the transport section 10 in a closed loop.
  • the heat transport medium 8 can be circulated in the closed loop channel formed from the heat exchange section 1 , the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 , the transport section 10 , and the piping 6 .
  • the piping 7 connects the heat exchange section 1 , the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 , and the transport section 11 in a closed loop.
  • the heat transport medium 9 can be circulated in the closed loop channel formed from the heat exchange section 1 , the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 , the transport section 11 , and the piping 7 .
  • the heat transport medium 8 can be composed of two or more heat transport media different in specific heat per unit volume.
  • the heat transport medium 8 is composed of e.g. a heat transport medium 80 a (first heat transport medium) and a heat transport medium 80 b (second heat transport medium) having a lower specific heat per unit volume than the heat transport medium 80 a.
  • the heat transport medium 9 can be composed of two or more heat transport media different in specific heat per unit volume.
  • the heat transport medium 9 is composed of e.g. a heat transport medium 90 a (first heat transport medium) and a heat transport medium 90 b (second heat transport medium) having a lower specific heat per unit volume than the heat transport medium 90 a.
  • the heat transport medium 80 a and the heat transport medium 80 b are separated from each other.
  • the heat transport medium 90 a and the heat transport medium 90 b are separated from each other.
  • being separated means that heat transport media different in specific heat per unit volume form respective phases with respect to the moving direction of the heat transport media.
  • each heat transport medium be not mixed with a different heat transport medium.
  • a particular heat transport medium is mixed with a different heat transport medium in a volume ratio of 30% or less may also be regarded as forming respective phases.
  • the heat transport media can be water and air, which has a lower specific heat per unit volume than water.
  • air may partially dissolve in water.
  • solubility of air in water is 0 vol % or more and 30 vol % or less.
  • the heat transport medium may be any of gas, liquid, and solid. Heat transport media different in specific heat per unit volume can be appropriately selected for use.
  • a combination with a large difference in specific heat per unit volume it is preferable to use a combination with a large difference in specific heat per unit volume.
  • combinations such as gas-liquid, solid-liquid, and solid-gas can be used.
  • a heat transport medium of gas can be e.g. air or nitrogen gas.
  • a heat transport medium of gas can reduce pressure loss during transportation.
  • a heat transport medium of liquid can be e.g. water, an oil-based medium such as mineral oil and silicone, or a solvent-based medium such as alcohols (e.g., ethylene glycol).
  • water has the highest specific heat and is inexpensive. However, water may freeze in the temperature region of 0° C. or less. Thus, it is preferable to use e.g. an oil-based medium, a solvent-based medium, a mixed liquid of water and an oil-based medium, or a mixed liquid of water and a solvent-based medium. Depending on the operating temperature region of the magnetic refrigeration system 100 , the liquid can be appropriately changed in kind and mixing ratio.
  • a heat transport medium of solid can be e.g. resin, metal, or inorganic material such as ceramic.
  • the heat transport medium of solid can be integrally configured, or a granular solid aggregate can be used as the heat transport medium.
  • the integrally configured heat transport medium of solid can suppress mixing with a different heat transport medium.
  • the heat transport medium 8 and the heat transport medium 9 can have either the same configuration or different configurations.
  • the transport section 10 circulates the heat transport medium 8 in the closed loop channel formed from the heat exchange section 1 , the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 , the transport section 10 , and the piping 6 . More specifically, the heat transport medium 80 a and the heat transport medium 80 b are sequentially fed into the heat exchange section 1 . The heat transport medium 80 a and the heat transport medium 80 b heated in the heat exchange section 1 are sent to the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 . The heat transport medium 80 a and the heat transport medium 80 b heat-exchanged with the heat exchange target, not shown, in the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 are sent again to the heat exchange section 1 .
  • the transport section 11 circulates the heat transport medium 9 in the closed loop channel formed from the heat exchange section 1 , the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 , the transport section 11 , and the piping 7 . More specifically, the heat transport medium 90 a and the heat transport medium 90 b are sequentially fed into the heat exchange section 1 . The heat transport medium 90 a and the heat transport medium 90 b subjected to heat absorption in the heat exchange section 1 are sent to the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 . The heat transport medium 90 a and the heat transport medium 90 b heat-exchanged with the heat exchange target, not shown, in the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 are sent again to the heat exchange section 1 .
  • the transport section 10 , 11 can be e.g. any of various pumps.
  • the control section 24 controls the operation of the moving section 3 , the transport section 10 , and the transport section 11 .
  • the control section 24 controls the operation of the moving section 3 , the transport section 10 , and the transport section 11 so as to apply a magnetic field to the heat exchange section 1 .
  • the control section 24 controls the operation of the moving section 3 , the transport section 10 , and the transport section 11 so as to remove the magnetic field applied to the heat exchange section 1 .
  • the transport section 10 is controlled to feed the heat exchange section 1 with the heat transport medium 80 a having a higher specific heat per unit volume than the heat transport medium 80 b . Furthermore, the moving section 3 constituting the magnetic field changing section is controlled to apply a magnetic field to the heat exchange section 1 .
  • the transport section 11 is controlled to feed the heat exchange section 1 with the heat transport medium 90 a having a higher specific heat per unit volume than the heat transport medium 90 b .
  • the moving section 3 constituting the magnetic field changing section is controlled to remove the magnetic field from the heat exchange section 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart for illustrating the function of the heat exchange section according to the first embodiment.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic sectional views for illustrating heat exchange in the heat exchange section according to the first embodiment. More specifically, FIG. 4A shows the case of applying a magnetic field to the heat exchange section 1 . FIG. 4B shows the case of removing the magnetic field applied to the heat exchange section.
  • the heat exchange section 1 is fed with the heat transport medium 80 a and the heat transport medium 90 b (step S 1 ).
  • control section 24 controls the transport section 10 to feed the heat transport medium 80 a into the region 12 of the heat exchange section 1 . Furthermore, the control section 24 controls the transport section 11 to feed the heat transport medium 90 b into the region 13 of the heat exchange section 1 .
  • control section 24 controls the moving section 3 to move the magnetic field generating section 2 to the position 22 (ON position) for applying a magnetic field to the heat exchange section 1 (step S 2 ).
  • the state at this time is as illustrated in FIG. 4A .
  • the magnetocaloric effect material forming the region 14 When the magnetic field is applied to the heat exchange section 1 , the magnetocaloric effect material forming the region 14 generates heat. Thus, the generated heat is absorbed by the transport medium 80 a fed into the region 12 and the transport medium 90 b fed into the region 13 .
  • control section 24 controls the transport section 10 to feed the heat transport medium 80 b into the region 12 of the heat exchange section 1 . Furthermore, the control section 24 controls the transport section 11 to feed the heat transport medium 90 a into the region 13 of the heat exchange section 1 (step S 3 ).
  • the transport medium 80 a is ejected from the region 12 toward the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 .
  • the transport medium 90 b is ejected from the region 13 toward the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 .
  • control section 24 controls the moving section 3 to move the magnetic field generating section 2 to the position 23 (OFF position) for not applying a magnetic field to the heat exchange section 1 (step S 4 ).
  • the state at this time is as illustrated in FIG. 4B .
  • the magnetocaloric effect material forming the region 14 absorbs heat.
  • heat is drawn from the heat transport medium 80 b fed into the region 12 and the heat transport medium 90 a fed into the region 13 .
  • step S 4 control returns to step S 1 .
  • control section 24 controls the transport section 10 to feed the heat transport medium 80 a into the region 12 of the heat exchange section 1 . Furthermore, the control section 24 controls the transport section 11 to feed the heat transport medium 90 b into the region 13 of the heat exchange section 1 .
  • the transport medium 80 b is ejected from the region 12 toward the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 .
  • the transport medium 90 a is ejected from the region 13 toward the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 .
  • the heat transport medium 8 (heat transport media 80 a , 80 b ) is sent to the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 .
  • the heat transport medium 9 (heat transport media 90 a , 90 b ) is sent to the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 .
  • heat taken out of the heat transport medium 8 in the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 can be used for air heating. Furthermore, for instance, heat can be absorbed by the heat transport medium 9 in the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 for air cooling.
  • heat generation of the magnetocaloric effect material by application of a magnetic field and heat absorption of the magnetocaloric effect material by removal of the applied magnetic field are known phenomena, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
  • heat is generated by the magnetocaloric effect material and absorbed by heat transport media different in specific heat per unit volume. In this case, even under the same temperature environment, more heat is absorbed by the heat transport medium having a higher specific heat per unit volume.
  • step S 2 the magnetocaloric effect material generates heat.
  • the heat transport medium 80 a having a high specific heat per unit volume is fed into the region 12 of the heat exchange section 1
  • the heat transport medium 90 b having a low specific heat per unit volume is fed into the region 13 of the heat exchange section 1 .
  • heat transport medium 80 a having a higher specific heat per unit volume. That is, heat is selectively provided to the heat transport medium 80 a.
  • step S 4 the magnetocaloric effect material absorbs heat.
  • the heat transport medium 80 b having a low specific heat per unit volume is fed into the region 12 of the heat exchange section 1
  • the heat transport medium 90 a having a high specific heat per unit volume is fed into the region 13 of the heat exchange section 1 .
  • step S 2 in which the magnetocaloric effect material generates heat, the heat transport medium 80 a having a high specific heat per unit volume is fed into the region 12 of the heat exchange section 1 .
  • step S 4 in which the magnetocaloric effect material absorbs heat, the heat transport medium 80 b having a low specific heat per unit volume is fed into the region 12 of the heat exchange section 1 .
  • the magnetocaloric effect material when the magnetocaloric effect material generates heat, the amount of heat is selectively provided to the heat transport medium 80 a .
  • the magnetocaloric effect material absorbs heat, the amount of heat drawn from the heat transport medium 80 b can be suppressed. As a result, the generated warm heat can be efficiently sent to the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 .
  • step S 4 in which the magnetocaloric effect material absorbs heat, the heat transport medium 90 a having a high specific heat per unit volume is fed into the region 13 of the heat exchange section 1 .
  • step S 2 in which the magnetocaloric effect material generates heat, the heat transport medium 90 b having a low specific heat per unit volume is fed into the region 13 of the heat exchange section 1 .
  • the magnetocaloric effect material absorbs heat
  • the amount of heat is selectively drawn from the heat transport medium 90 a .
  • the magnetocaloric effect material generates heat
  • the amount of heat absorbed from the heat transport medium 90 b can be suppressed.
  • the generated cool heat can be efficiently sent to the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view for illustrating a magnetic refrigeration system according to a second embodiment.
  • the magnetic refrigeration system 101 includes a heat exchange section 1 , a magnetic field generating section 2 , a moving section 3 , a high temperature side heat exchange section 4 , a low temperature side heat exchange section 5 , a piping 6 , a piping 7 , a heat transport medium 8 , a heat transport medium 9 , a transport section 10 , a transport section 11 , a high temperature side ejecting section 16 , a low temperature side ejecting section 17 , a feeding section 18 , and a control section 34 .
  • the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 performs heat exchange between the heat transport medium 8 heated in the heat exchange section 1 and a heat exchange target, not shown.
  • the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 performs heat exchange between the heat transport medium 9 subjected to heat absorption in the heat exchange section 1 and a heat exchange target, not shown.
  • the heat transport medium 80 a , 90 a is liquid (e.g., water) and the heat transport medium 80 b , 90 b is gas (e.g., air).
  • the heat transport medium 80 b , 90 b being a gas may stagnate inside the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 and the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 . This hampers the inflow of the heat transport medium 80 a , 90 a and may decrease the heat exchange efficiency in the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 and the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 .
  • the temperature of the heat transport medium 80 a is increased by heating, part of the heat transport medium 80 a being a liquid is evaporated. Then, the evaporated gas may coexist (suspend) in the heat transport medium 80 a . In such cases, the phases of the heat transport medium 80 a and the heat transport medium 80 b may be mixed. Furthermore, the heat exchange efficiency in the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 may decrease.
  • a high temperature side ejecting section 16 and a low temperature side ejecting section 17 are provided so that the gas having low contribution to heat exchange is ejected into the atmosphere before flowing into the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 and the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 .
  • a high temperature side ejecting section 16 for ejecting the heat transport medium 80 b is provided on the inflow side (upstream side) of the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 .
  • a low temperature side ejecting section 17 for ejecting the heat transport medium 90 b is provided on the inflow side (upstream side) of the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 .
  • the high temperature side ejecting section 16 and the low temperature side ejecting section 17 can be e.g. a gas-liquid separator including a gas-liquid separation membrane.
  • the high temperature side ejecting section 16 and the low temperature side ejecting section 17 illustrated in FIG. 5 are provided separately from the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 and the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 .
  • the embodiment is not limited thereto.
  • the high temperature side ejecting section 16 may be provided inside the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 .
  • the low temperature side ejecting section 17 may be provided inside the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 .
  • the heat transport medium 90 a has a low risk of coexistence of evaporated gas.
  • the low temperature side ejecting section 17 may be omitted to provide only the high temperature side ejecting section 16 .
  • the feeding section 18 reconfigures the heat transport media 8 , 9 .
  • the feeding section 18 allows the heat transport medium 80 b ejected by the high temperature side ejecting section 16 to be formed again on the outflow side (downstream side) of the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 . Furthermore, the feeding section 18 allows the heat transport medium 90 b ejected by the low temperature side ejecting section 17 to be formed again on the outflow side (downstream side) of the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 .
  • the feeding section 18 feeds a prescribed amount of heat transport medium 80 b into the piping 6 to reconfigure the heat transport medium 8 composed of the heat transport medium 80 a and the heat transport medium 80 b .
  • the feeding section 18 feeds a prescribed amount of heat transport medium 90 b into the piping 7 to reconfigure the heat transport medium 9 composed of the heat transport medium 90 a and the heat transport medium 90 b.
  • the feeding section 18 feeds the heat transport medium 80 b in the same amount as the heat transport medium 80 b ejected by the high temperature side ejecting section 16 .
  • the feeding section 18 feeds the heat transport medium 90 b in the same amount as the heat transport medium 90 b ejected by the low temperature side ejecting section 17 .
  • the control section 34 controls the operation of the moving section 3 , the transport section 10 , the transport section 11 , and the feeding section 18 .
  • the control section 34 controls the operation of the moving section 3 , the transport section 10 , and the transport section 11 so as to apply a magnetic field to the heat exchange section 1 .
  • the control section 34 controls the operation of the moving section 3 , the transport section 10 , and the transport section 11 so as to remove the magnetic field applied to the heat exchange section 1 .
  • the control section 34 controls the operation of the feeding section 18 so as to reconfigure the heat transport media 8 , 9 .
  • the function of the heat exchange section 1 can be made similar to that illustrated in FIG. 3 .
  • the region 12 is fed with the heat transport medium 80 a having a high specific heat per unit volume, and the region 13 is fed with the heat transport medium 90 b having a low specific heat per unit volume.
  • the heat transport medium 90 b has a lower specific heat per unit volume.
  • a larger amount of heat generated is absorbed into the heat transport medium 80 a having a higher specific heat per unit volume. Accordingly, the amount of heat due to heat generation is selectively absorbed into the heat transport medium 80 a .
  • the heat transport medium 80 a is efficiently heated.
  • the region 12 is fed with the heat transport medium 80 b having a low specific heat per unit volume, and the region 13 is fed with the heat transport medium 90 a having a high specific heat per unit volume.
  • the heat transport medium 80 b has a lower specific heat per unit volume.
  • a larger amount of heat is drawn to the magnetocaloric effect material from the heat transport medium 90 a having a higher specific heat per unit volume. Accordingly, heat is selectively drawn to the magnetocaloric effect material from the heat transport medium 90 a .
  • the heat transport medium 90 a is efficiently cooled.
  • the heat transport medium 8 (heat transport media 80 a , 80 b ) is sent to the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 .
  • the heat transport medium 9 (heat transport media 90 a , 90 b ) is sent to the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 .
  • the heat transport medium 80 b is removed before flowing into the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 .
  • the heat transport medium 90 b is removed before flowing into the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 .
  • heat taken out of the heat transport medium 80 a can be used for air heating.
  • heat taken out of the heat transport medium 80 a can be used for air heating.
  • the feeding section 18 reconfigures the heat transport medium 8 on the outflow side (downstream side) of the high temperature side heat exchange section 4 .
  • the feeding section 18 reconfigures the heat transport medium 9 on the outflow side (downstream side) of the low temperature side heat exchange section 5 .
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B are schematic views for illustrating magnetic refrigeration systems according to a third embodiment. More specifically, FIG. 6A is a schematic view for illustrating a magnetic refrigeration system 100 a using only heat generation of the magnetocaloric effect material. FIG. 6B is a schematic view for illustrating a magnetic refrigeration system 100 b using only heat absorption of the magnetocaloric effect material.
  • the magnetic refrigeration system 100 a includes a heat exchange section 1 , a magnetic field generating section 2 , a moving section 3 , a high temperature side heat exchange section 4 , a piping 6 , a heat transport medium 8 , a transport section 10 , and a control section 24 a.
  • the control section 24 a controls the operation of the moving section 3 and the transport section 10 .
  • the control section 24 a controls the operation of the moving section 3 and the transport section 10 so as to apply a magnetic field to the heat exchange section 1 .
  • the control section 24 a controls the operation of the moving section 3 and the transport section 10 so as to remove the magnetic field applied to the heat exchange section 1
  • the magnetocaloric effect material when the magnetocaloric effect material generates heat, heat can be efficiently absorbed by the heat transport medium 80 a having a high specific heat per unit volume.
  • heat drawn to the magnetocaloric effect material by the heat transport medium 80 b having a low specific heat per unit volume can be suppressed. As a result, the heat exchange efficiency can be improved.
  • the magnetic refrigeration system 100 b includes a heat exchange section 1 , a magnetic field generating section 2 , a moving section 3 , a low temperature side heat exchange section 5 , a piping 7 , a heat transport medium 9 , a transport section 11 , and a control section 24 b.
  • the control section 24 b controls the operation of the moving section 3 and the transport section 11 .
  • the control section 24 b controls the operation of the moving section 3 and the transport section 11 so as to apply a magnetic field to the heat exchange section 1 .
  • the control section 24 b controls the operation of the moving section 3 and the transport section 11 so as to remove the magnetic field applied to the heat exchange section 1 .
  • the magnetic refrigeration system 100 a can also include a high temperature side ejecting section 16 and a feeding section 18 illustrated in FIG. 5 .
  • the magnetic refrigeration system 100 b can also include a low temperature side ejecting section 17 and a feeding section 18 illustrated in FIG. 5 .
  • phase transport media different in specific heat per unit volume are formed.
  • the phases of heat transport media thus formed are sequentially fed into the heat exchange section 1 .
  • the embodiments are not limited thereto.
  • the heat transport medium fed into the heat exchange section 1 may be switched so that heat transport media different in specific heat per unit volume are sequentially fed into the heat exchange section 1 .
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B are schematic sectional views for illustrating the heat exchange section 1 of the magnetic refrigeration system according to the embodiment. More specifically, FIG. 7A shows the case of applying a magnetic field. FIG. 7B shows the case of removing the applied magnetic field.
  • the region 14 of the heat exchange section 1 illustrated in FIGS. 7A and 7B is formed from a Gd (gadolinium) plate.
  • the weight of the Gd plate was set to 100 g
  • the z-direction thickness was set to 3 mm
  • the x-direction length was set to 115 mm.
  • linear channels each having a z-direction depth of 3 mm, a y-direction width of 2 mm, and an x-direction length of 115 mm were formed on the Gd plate.
  • a water phase and an air phase were alternately formed. Furthermore, the water phase and the air phase were made equal in volume ratio.
  • the occupied volume per phase was made equal to the channel volume.
  • the water phase was placed in the region 12 , and the air phase was placed in the region 13 . Then, by applying a magnetic field to the heat exchange section 1 , the magnetocaloric effect material (Gd (gadolinium)) was caused to generate heat.
  • Gd magnetocaloric effect material
  • the water phase was ejected from the region 12 so that an air phase was placed in the region 12 . Furthermore, the air phase was ejected from the region 13 so that a water phase was placed in the region 13 . Then, by removing the magnetic field applied to the heat exchange section 1 , the magnetocaloric effect material is caused to absorb heat.
  • the foregoing process was taken as one cycle.
  • the temperature T H of air and water flowing through the region 12 was measured by a thermocouple in contact with the air and water in the region 12 . From the temperature change, the weight of the water phase, and the weight of the air phase in this measurement, the amount of heat absorption was determined, and the heat transport efficiency was calculated.
  • Heat transport efficiency (Amount of heat absorption of water+Amount of heat absorption of air in region 12)/Theoretical amount of heat generation from Gd (gadolinium) 100 g during magnetic field application of one cycle (1)
  • the amount of heat absorption of water is given by specific heat of water (4.2 kJ/kg/K) ⁇ density of water (1000 kg/m 3 ) ⁇ volume of region 12 (m 3 ) ⁇ maximum temperature increase of water ( ⁇ T H2O ).
  • the amount of heat absorption of air is given by specific heat of air (1 kJ/kg/K) ⁇ density of air (1.29 kg/m 3 ) ⁇ volume of region 12 (m 3 ) ⁇ temperature increase of air ( ⁇ T air ).
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view for illustrating a heat exchange section 51 of the AMR magnetic refrigeration system according to the comparative example.
  • Gd gadolinium particles having the magnetocaloric effect with a diameter of 1 mm were packed in a cylindrical container 52 having an inner diameter of 15 mm and a length of 115 mm with a packing ratio of 60%.
  • a partition plate 53 made of a metal mesh was provided at the end portion. Then, the remaining space inside the heat exchange section 51 was filled with water to produce a heat exchange section 51 .
  • the partition plate 53 was moved +1 cm in the X-axis direction to move the water.
  • the moving speed was set to 0.4 cm/s.
  • the applied magnetic field was removed.
  • the partition plate 53 was moved ⁇ 1 cm in the X-axis direction to move the water.
  • the moving speed was set to 0.4 cm/s.
  • the foregoing process was taken as one cycle.
  • the temporal change of the temperature of water was measured by a thermocouple placed in the water. From the temperature change and the weight of water, the heat transport efficiency during heat generation was calculated.
  • Heat transport efficiency Amount of heat absorption of water/Theoretical amount of heat generation from Gd 100 g during magnetic field application of one cycle (2)
  • the amount of heat absorption of water is given by specific heat of water (4.2 kJ/kg/K) ⁇ density of water (1000 kg/m 3 ) ⁇ filling volume of water in cylindrical container 52 (m 3 ) ⁇ maximum temperature increase of water ( ⁇ T H2O ).
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing the comparison between the heat transport efficiency in Practical example 1 and the heat transport efficiency in Comparative example 1.
  • the initial temperature of water and the initial temperature of air were set to 25° C., equal to the ambient temperature.
  • the embodiments described above can realize a magnetic refrigeration system capable of improving the heat transport efficiency.
  • the shape, dimension, material, layout and the like of various components in the magnetic refrigeration system 100 , the magnetic refrigeration system 101 , the magnetic refrigeration system 100 a , the magnetic refrigeration system 100 b and the like are not limited to those illustrated above, but can be appropriately modified.

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