US20130126178A1 - Method for fighting an oilspill in the aftermath of an underwater oil well blowout and installation for carrying out the method - Google Patents
Method for fighting an oilspill in the aftermath of an underwater oil well blowout and installation for carrying out the method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20130126178A1 US20130126178A1 US13/806,503 US201113806503A US2013126178A1 US 20130126178 A1 US20130126178 A1 US 20130126178A1 US 201113806503 A US201113806503 A US 201113806503A US 2013126178 A1 US2013126178 A1 US 2013126178A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- support structure
- foil
- oil
- pumping
- oil well
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000003305 oil spill Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004918 carbon fiber reinforced polymer Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
- E21B43/0122—Collecting oil or the like from a submerged leakage
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
- E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
- E21B33/06—Blow-out preventers, i.e. apparatus closing around a drill pipe, e.g. annular blow-out preventers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
Definitions
- This invention concerns a method for fighting oil spills in the aftermath of a blowout, and also an installation for carrying out the method.
- a blowout is the uncontrolled release of crude oil or natural gas or a mixture of the two from a well, typically for petroleum production, after pressure control systems have failed.
- formation fluids begin to flow into the wellbore and up the annulus and/or inside the drill pipe, and this is commonly called a kick.
- a kick can quickly escalate into a blowout when the formation fluids reach the surface, especially when the fluid is a gas which rapidly expands as it flows up the wellbore, further decreasing the effective weight of the fluid, and accelerates to near the speed of sound.
- blowouts Prior to the development of blow-out preventers, blowouts were common during drilling operations, and were referred to as gushers. Sometimes, blowouts can be so forceful that they cannot be directly brought under control from the surface, particularly if there is so much energy in the flowing zone that it does not deplete significantly over the course of a blowout. In such cases, other wells (called relief wells) may be drilled to intersect the well or pocket, in order to allow kill-weight fluids to be introduced at depth. Contrary to what might be inferred from the term, such wells generally are not used to help relieve pressure using multiple outlets from the blowout zone.
- An “underground blowout” is a special situation where fluids from high pressure zones flow uncontrolled to lower pressure zones within the open-hole portion of the wellbore. Usually they come up the wellbore to shallower formations (typically near the last casing shoe) that have been fractured from the overall effect of hydrostatic mud head plus casing pressure imposed at the time of the initial kick. Underground blowouts can be very difficult to bring under control although there is no outward flow at the drill site itself. However, if left unchecked, in time the fluids may find their way to the surface elsewhere in the vicinity (possibly “cratering” the rig), or may pressurize other zones, leading to problems when drilling subsequent wells.
- the mud could not prevent a leaking that occurs through slits and cracks around the pipe and up the annulus or through natural cracks in the formation which may have occurred due to detonations in the underground.
- the purpose of this invention is to present a method by which such a leaking of oil from the hole and from well pipes can be fought successfully so that the oil spill into the water can be stopped and prevent devastating consequences for the environment.
- a further purpose is to teach an installation which allows it to carry out this method even at great depths, that is deep in the sea on the hole.
- the method according to claim 1 and the installation according to claim 5 are being presented in the following, by the example of the recent heavy blowout in the Mexican gulf.
- the method comprises several steps and is promising for successfully deal with that enormous problem and get the oil leaking into the water eventually stopped completely.
- This present method is in essence a low tech method, and therefore quickly to apply, at low cost, and it does prevent the further spilling of oil into the sea water. With the exception of some rare special cases, this method will allow to pump pure crude oil after an initial phase of executing the method. Although the method is not thought to be a permanent solution, it can be in operation several months in order to bridge the time it takes to bring down release borings and put them in operation.
- the installation for execution of the method is suitable to serve as an emergency equipment and may be built in advance for future incidents should they ever occur. There are hundreds of deep sea borings in operation and therefore, a situation as the one which occurred in the Gulf of Mexico might occur on other sites in the future.
- FIG. 1 The overall situation of a underwater oil spill with the installation for executing the method
- FIG. 2 The three-leg pyramid-like steel support
- FIG. 3 A section view of the three-leg support structure and the adjacent covering foil on the sea bottom, with the detail of its attachment to the support;
- FIG. 4 The stabilization of the three-leg support and foil on the sea bottom, seen from above;
- FIG. 5 The connection of the pumping pipe with the top of the support structure
- FIG. 6 A side view of several steps to lowering down the foil and the support structure to the sea bottom;
- FIG. 7 A side view of an alternative method for lowering down the support structure and foil to the sea bottom.
- This method is suitable for leaking pipes over the level of the sea bottom as well as for situations where the oil is leaking out of the sea bottom through cracks since a pipe did break below sea bottom or there was a bursting out of oil through natural channels.
- the method does make use of the hydrostatic pressure difference between the static pressure at the sea bottom and the reduced pressure in a hollow room created at the sea bottom of which liquid is pumped out. If oil and water is being pumped out of such an artificially created hollow room over the sea bottom, at a pressure drop of merely 50 kPa (0.5 bar), the pressure from outside will amount to 50 kN/m 2 .
- the support structure 4 is a steel construction in the form of a three-leg pyramid-like steel structure which is covered and completely enclosed by strong steel plates 17 and this support structure 4 or support structure has three legs 2 so it always stands safely and in a definite position on any ground 10 .
- the legs 2 are equipped each with a foot 3 that can swivel in any direction around the leg 2 end so the feet 3 will adapt to any underground surface and provide stability for the entire structure.
- the three legs 2 keep the entire support structure in a stable position so it can carry much load.
- the size of this support structure 4 may vary according the situation on site, e.g.
- this support structure 4 measures anything between approx. 3 and 15 meters, in special cases the height may be even higher, and the side length at the bottom will be approx. 10 meters. In any case, the most important point is that this support structure 4 will cover the entire spot where oil is leaking out into the sea water.
- a strong reinforced, water tight, oil and sea-water resistant foil 1 is being connected along the lower edge 33 of the pyramid-like structure 4 .
- the foil 1 can be composed of a number of strips that are being welded or glued together along their edges.
- the foil 1 is reincored by a steel fabric or by a carbon-fabric in its interior.
- This foil 1 is finally lying on the sea bottom around the support structure 4 .
- the foil 1 has in its center a hole of triangular shape which is being put over the neck of the support structure 4 so the inner edge of said hole will fit to the lower edge 33 of steel plates 17 on the structure.
- the foil 1 is securely attached on the lower edge 33 of the steel plates 17 that cover the structure and hence the foil 1 covers the entire surroundings of the structure.
- a surrounding frame 5 made of strong steel tubes or profiles is being placed in order to keep the position of the foil 1 on the sea bottom 10 and to keep it stretched.
- This frame 5 can form a circle, a square, a triangle or have a rectangular shape when seen from above.
- blocks 34 of concrete can be placed, one after the other, in a row along the outer edge of the foil 1 , as shown in FIG. 4 .
- a pipe 6 , 7 coming from a tanker ship 9 on the surface of the sea can be connected with a pipe neck that is extending out of the top of the support structure 4 and once the connection is established, liquid can be pumped from below the structure 4 and foil 1 to the sea surface into tanks of a tanker ship 9 .
- the depth at which the installation is being placed may be several hundred or even thousand meters deep, several underwater pumps 8 will be used since sucking is only possible over somewhat less than 10 meters height.
- the power of these pumps 8 are regulated by their revolution per minute, according to the difference between the pressure inside and outside the support structure 4 and to keep that difference constant in a certain range.
- the liquid can be pressed with high pressures onto the surface of the sea.
- the foil 1 and support structure 4 will even resist substantial underground streams.
- the foil 1 is likewise pressed onto the sea bottom 10 and hence follows the form and shape of its surface. Even if some water is leaking from the outer edge underneath the foil 1 toward its center, the force which does press the foil 1 onto the sea bottom is substantial, although it does slightly decrease toward the outer edge of the foil 1 . At all times the pressure within the support structure 4 and underneath the foil 1 will be kept lower than the outside acting water pressure. This will cause the entire installation to rest absolutely stable on the sea bottom.
- FIG. 2 the support structure 4 on the sea bottom 10 is shown in a perspective view.
- Reinforcement struts 20 or bars are welded into the lower side of the bearing support 4 in order to strengthen its load capacity and in order to provide a support structure for the steel plates 17 to be fixed around the support structure 4 so they will completely enclose it and ultimately form the outer side of the structure.
- the lower edge of the steel plates 17 will be positioned approx. 0.5 m to 1.5 m above sea ground 10 so it will not touch it even if the sea bottom is uneven.
- the foil 1 will be connected tightly to the lower edge of the steel plates 17 and from there extend on to the surrounding sea bottom 10 .
- the neck 21 is shown which does communicate with the inner side of the support structure 4 .
- FIG. 3 further details of the support structure 4 and foil 1 are being shown.
- the structure 4 may be equipped with an electrical heating installation 30 in order to keep the seawater which is mixing with the spilled oil warm enough for pumping.
- the foil 1 is tightly attached. This is shown here on the left side of the structure by way of example.
- a clamping device 35 holds a steel plate 32 which is slightly bent upwards.
- the foil 1 will smoothly adapt when the entire structure and attached foil will be lowered down onto the sea bottom as will be explained later. Underneath this bent steel plate 32 , there is a flexible deflecting steel plate 31 which is bent toward the sea bottom.
- the reinforced foil 1 is clamped by the clamping device 35 and thereby securely attached to the structure 4 .
- the surrounding flexible steel plates 31 adapt to the uneven sea bottom and there outer edge will lay on the sea bottom.
- the outer edge of the foil 1 is attached to a frame 5 made of strong steel pipes or profiles.
- This frame 5 forms a circle with a radius of approx. 10 meters, or a square, triangle or rectangle with a side length of approx. 20 meters around the entire support structure 4 and the attached foil 1 and keeps the foil 1 stretched at all times.
- FIG. 4 the support structure 4 , foil 1 and the surrounding frame 5 are shown from above, laying on the sea bottom.
- the corners of the frame 5 are stabilized by cables 36 which are attached to concrete blocks 34 positioned on the sea bottom. Further blocks 18 can be put onto the edge of the foil 1 .
- FIG. 5 the connection of the pumping pipe 6 with the top of the foil 1 on the support structure 4 or support structure is shown.
- the neck 21 comes through the steel plate 17 on top of the structure 4 .
- a conical connecting piece 16 is put over the neck 21 and will be sucked onto the steel plate 17 once the pressure within the support structure 4 is lower than the outside pressure of the seawater.
- the connecting piece is followed by a pipe with a flange 14 at its end.
- This rubber bellow pipe 15 may have a steel spring in its interior in order to withstand the pressure difference between outside and inside.
- the pumping pipe 6 is connected to the upper flange 13 of the rubber bellow 15 .
- the pumping pipe 6 can therefore move a certain distance in any direction and also its direction may vary from the straight upward direction.
- This pumping pipe 6 may be equipped with electrical heating means, e.g. a heating coil surrounding the pipe 6 over the initial section in order to prevent a freezing of the pumped liquids due to the lowered pressure and the low temperature of the surrounding sea water.
- FIG. 6 does show in a schematic view how the reinforced foil 1 with the support structure 4 being attached to it is brought down onto the sea bottom.
- three or even four or more ships are being used which do cooperate with each other. They are equipped with winches with long steel cables 22 .
- the ends of these steel cables 22 are fixed to the frame 5 with the reinforced foil 1 attached to it and the entire installation will be lowered down within the sea in a generally horizontal position. Therefore the ships must pull their cables radially away from a definite center and contemporarily lowering their cables from their winches.
- a strong steel cable 24 may be used as a guiding cable so the structure 4 hanging on the foil 1 will be directed to the spilling spot on the sea bottom.
- the cable 24 hangs on a swimmer 23 and the edge of the hole 25 in the structure 4 is made of a strong steel ring in order to prevent the structure 4 to be damaged.
- the cable 24 is fixed on a concrete block that has been positioned in advance. Therefore, the structure 4 and foil 1 will be perfectly guided with the central hole 25 of the structure.
- the pumping pipe will be directed with its conical connecting piece 16 over the neck 21 . Then, the pumping can start which will help cause the foil 1 to be sucked tightly around the support structure 4 and onto the sea bottom.
- the pumping pipe 6 and its connecting piece may likewise be put over the neck 21 by using guiding cables which are fixed on top of the support structure 4 .
- FIG. 7 shows an alternate way to bring down the support structure 4 and the foil 1 .
- Four or even more ships are being used which do cooperate with each other. They first lower down heavy weights 27 hanging on a loose roll 28 .
- This weights may be concrete blocks 27 of several tons of weight. These weights 27 are being positioned exactly around the spot where the support structure 4 needs to be positioned on the sea bottom 10 . They then have a definite distance from that selected spot. Once the weights 27 are in position, the cables 29 going around the loose rolls 28 on the weights 27 will serve as guiding cables for lowering down the support structure 4 and the foil 1 .
- the support structure 4 can fixed to the foil 1 so it will furtheron hang on the center of the foil 1 .
- the connection to the pumping pipe 6 is then already established.
- the foil 1 can then be lowered down, contemporarily with the support structure 4 hanging on it.
- One pipe piece of the pumping pipe after the other will be installed as the lowering down proceeds.
- the frame 5 around the foil 1 is attached via holding elements which are fixed on the cables 29 of each guiding string. By this, the foil 1 can be held almost horizontal and stretched and can be lowered down in completely controlled manner.
- the pressure in the interior of the support structure 4 and underneath the foil 1 will at all times be kept lower than the outside water pressure. This will keep the structure and foil 1 in place and the oil is being sucked out of the created hollow room and pumped to the surface. A further spilling of oil into the sea water is prevented and time is gained for bringing release borings down and eventually shut down the well in a conventionally and approved manner.
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- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
- Cleaning Or Clearing Of The Surface Of Open Water (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10166808 | 2010-06-22 | ||
EP10166808.5 | 2010-06-22 | ||
PCT/EP2011/060016 WO2011160999A2 (en) | 2010-06-22 | 2011-06-16 | Method for fighting an oilspill in the aftermath of an underwater oil well blowout and installation for carrying out the method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20130126178A1 true US20130126178A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
Family
ID=44627062
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/806,503 Abandoned US20130126178A1 (en) | 2010-06-22 | 2011-06-16 | Method for fighting an oilspill in the aftermath of an underwater oil well blowout and installation for carrying out the method |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130126178A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2585676A2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2013529729A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20140005840A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103080466A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2011269138A1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112012033171A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2804737A1 (ja) |
EA (1) | EA201300012A1 (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2013000006A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011160999A2 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20130272792A1 (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-10-17 | Steve Cordell | Process and Apparatus for Sealing Wellhead Leaks Underwater or On Land |
US20170114513A1 (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-04-27 | Philip S. Dunlap | Methods and systems to contain pollution & hazardous environments (cphe) |
US9719331B2 (en) | 2012-05-13 | 2017-08-01 | Alexander H. Slocum | Method and apparatus for bringing under control an uncontrolled flow through a flow device |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9145308B2 (en) | 2012-01-13 | 2015-09-29 | Fluor Technologies Corporation | Oil spill cleanup from water |
JP6565226B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-06 | 2019-08-28 | 宇部興産株式会社 | 海底資源の採掘方法及び海底資源採掘用スラリー |
CN105840147B (zh) * | 2016-03-24 | 2019-01-01 | 西南石油大学 | 悬置浮箱螺旋管道加热的海底天然气收集装置及方法 |
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DE3730671A1 (de) * | 1987-09-12 | 1989-04-13 | Ksb Ag | Vorrichtung zur unterseeischen foerderung von erdoel und erdgas |
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2011
- 2011-06-16 JP JP2013515815A patent/JP2013529729A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-06-16 WO PCT/EP2011/060016 patent/WO2011160999A2/en active Application Filing
- 2011-06-16 BR BR112012033171A patent/BR112012033171A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-06-16 EP EP11725463.1A patent/EP2585676A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-06-16 EA EA201300012A patent/EA201300012A1/ru unknown
- 2011-06-16 CA CA2804737A patent/CA2804737A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-06-16 KR KR1020137001172A patent/KR20140005840A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-06-16 US US13/806,503 patent/US20130126178A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-06-16 CN CN2011800405002A patent/CN103080466A/zh active Pending
- 2011-06-16 MX MX2013000006A patent/MX2013000006A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-06-16 AU AU2011269138A patent/AU2011269138A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US9719331B2 (en) | 2012-05-13 | 2017-08-01 | Alexander H. Slocum | Method and apparatus for bringing under control an uncontrolled flow through a flow device |
US10513912B2 (en) | 2012-05-13 | 2019-12-24 | Alexander Henry Slocum | Method and apparatus for bringing under control an uncontrolled flow through a flow device |
US20130272792A1 (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-10-17 | Steve Cordell | Process and Apparatus for Sealing Wellhead Leaks Underwater or On Land |
US20170114513A1 (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-04-27 | Philip S. Dunlap | Methods and systems to contain pollution & hazardous environments (cphe) |
US10036135B2 (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2018-07-31 | Philip S. Dunlap | Methods and systems to contain pollution and hazardous environments (CPHE) |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN103080466A (zh) | 2013-05-01 |
MX2013000006A (es) | 2013-06-05 |
CA2804737A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
WO2011160999A2 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
WO2011160999A3 (en) | 2012-10-26 |
EA201300012A1 (ru) | 2013-06-28 |
BR112012033171A2 (pt) | 2017-03-01 |
KR20140005840A (ko) | 2014-01-15 |
AU2011269138A1 (en) | 2013-01-24 |
JP2013529729A (ja) | 2013-07-22 |
EP2585676A2 (en) | 2013-05-01 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |