US20130036811A1 - In-borehole gas monitor apparatus and method comprising a voc concentration analyser and a voc collector - Google Patents

In-borehole gas monitor apparatus and method comprising a voc concentration analyser and a voc collector Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130036811A1
US20130036811A1 US13/393,737 US201013393737A US2013036811A1 US 20130036811 A1 US20130036811 A1 US 20130036811A1 US 201013393737 A US201013393737 A US 201013393737A US 2013036811 A1 US2013036811 A1 US 2013036811A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
borehole
voc
gas
igm
gas monitor
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Abandoned
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US13/393,737
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English (en)
Inventor
Steve Boult
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Intelisys Ltd
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Intelisys Ltd
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Assigned to INTELISYS LIMITED reassignment INTELISYS LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BOULT, STEVE
Publication of US20130036811A1 publication Critical patent/US20130036811A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G01N1/2205—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling with filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/26—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state with provision for intake from several spaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
    • G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
    • G01N33/004—CO or CO2
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
    • G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
    • G01N33/0047—Organic compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to in-borehole gas monitor (IGM) apparatus and methods.
  • WO 2007/141512 It is known from WO 2007/141512 to provide a self-contained IGM apparatus comprising a detector for measuring a gas variable, and a controller configured to automatically periodically use the detector to measure a gas variable.
  • an in-borehole gas monitor (IGM) apparatus comprising a VOC concentration analyser and a VOC collector.
  • the VOC concentration analyser is configured to provide a non-specific real-time concentration of VOCs.
  • the VOC concentration analyser comprises a photo-ionisation detector.
  • the VOC collector is configured to provide a specific concentration by volume.
  • the VOC collector comprises a sorbent material.
  • the apparatus further comprises a pressure sensor configured to measure atmospheric pressure.
  • the apparatus further comprises a clock.
  • the apparatus comprises a pump for pumping gas past the VOC concentration analyser and the VOC collector in a downstream direction and the apparatus is configured whereby the VOC concentration analyser determines a VOC concentration at a predetermined time by the pump pumping borehole gas past the VOC concentration analyser and the VOC collector for a pumping period.
  • the apparatus is configured whereby the pumping period, a time of measurement and an atmospheric pressure at the time of measurement are recorded.
  • the apparatus comprises a pump for pumping gas past the VOC concentration analyser and the VOC collector in a downstream direction and a filter for removing any of particulates or moisture from a gas input, wherein the VOC concentration analyser and the VOC collector are upstream of the filter.
  • the apparatus comprises a pump for pumping gas past the VOC concentration analyser and the VOC collector in a downstream direction and there is a gas flow path comprising a gas input, a first valve upstream of the pump and a pressure sensor, wherein the apparatus is configured whereby with the first valve closed the pump is activated for a predetermined period and if within the predetermined period a predetermined pressure is not exceeded, as measured by the pressure sensor, a pump fail signal is generated.
  • the predetermined period is between 8 and 12 seconds and the predetermined pressure is 100 mb.
  • the apparatus comprises a pump for pumping gas past the VOC concentration analyser and the VOC collector in a downstream direction and there is a gas flow path comprising a gas input, a first valve upstream of the pump, a pressure sensor and a filter, wherein the apparatus is configured whereby with the first valve open a first pressure sensor reading is taken, the pump is activated for a predetermined period after which a second pressure sensor reading is taken, and if the magnitude of the difference between the first pressure sensor reading and the second pressure sensor reading is greater than a predetermined value, a filter fail signal is generated.
  • the predetermined period is between 2 seconds and 6 seconds.
  • the predetermined value is 250 mb.
  • the time of sensing and the length of time for which the pump operates are recorded
  • the apparatus comprises a second valve downstream of the first valve and a gas outlet.
  • the apparatus is configured to have a borehole side and an atmospheric side, wherein there is a gas outlet to the borehole side of the device and to the atmospheric side of the device.
  • the VOC concentration analyser and the VOC collector are in series in a gas flow path with a gas analyser.
  • the gas analyser analyses one or more of hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, oxygen and hydrogen sulphide.
  • an in-borehole gas monitor apparatus which method comprises the use of an in-borehole gas monitor apparatus according to the first aspect of the invention in a borehole.
  • the VOCs collected by the VOC collector are quantified.
  • the apparatus comprises a pump for pumping gas from the borehole past the VOC collector and the VOC analyser, wherein the time of sensing and the length of time for which the pump operates are recorded to determine the volume of gas passing through the apparatus. This enable the VOC concentration to be determined.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a borehole site with an in-borehole gas monitor according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional elevation of an in-borehole gas monitor apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow diagram illustrating a method of operation of an in-borehole gas monitor apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings there is shown a borehole 2 in ground consisting of a landfill site.
  • the borehole 2 is supported by a liner 4 in which a plurality of side-holes 6 are located to allow for sampling.
  • an in-borehole gas monitor (IGM) apparatus 8 including a cap 10 .
  • the cap 10 comprises an inner bore 12 for receiving the IGM apparatus 8 .
  • the cap 10 includes an exterior screw thread 14 for engaging with a corresponding interior screw thread (not shown) on liner 4 .
  • the cap can be made as part of the housing.
  • a seal 16 is provided for fitting the IGM apparatus 8 in a borehole when a suitable screw thread is not available for the cap 10 to be used.
  • the IGM apparatus 8 consists of a body portion 17 which is a self-contained unit meeting environmental rating IP-68, i.e. essentially waterproof.
  • the IGM apparatus 8 comprises a top 30 and an external tube 32 .
  • the external diameter of tube 32 in this embodiment is approximately 40 mm allowing for it to be inserted into a typical borehole liner. In this embodiment of the invention, the length of tube 32 is 800 mm, but may be less.
  • the IGM apparatus 8 further comprises a gas inlet 36 connected to a first entry valve 38 , which gas inlet leads to a volatile organic compounds (“VOC”) detector 40 connected to a VOC collector 42 , connected to a water and particulate filter 44 for removing any excess moisture and/or particles from the ingressed gases.
  • VOC volatile organic compounds
  • the filter 44 is connected to a first pressure sensor 46 , connected to a pump 48 connected to a gas detector 50 comprising a plurality of gas analysers, in this case and H 2 S and CO sensor 52 , a CO 2 sensor 54 , a CH 4 sensor 56 and an O 2 sensor 58 .
  • the detector is connected to a second valve 60 which is connected to a return line (a first outlet) 62 back to the borehole and a branched connection to a third valve 64 which is connected to a second pressure sensor 66 from which extends a second outlet 68 , this time to atmosphere.
  • a suitable filter 44 is an in-line particulate and moisture filter such as that available from Geotechnical Instruments of Sovereign House, Queensway, Leamington Spa, United Kingdom.
  • the VOC detector 40 detects the presence and concentration of a range of VOCs but does not distinguish between the various VOCs.
  • a suitable VOC sampler 40 is a photo-ionisation detector.
  • the VOC collector 42 is a sorbent and sorbs (that is, adsorbs or absorbs) VOCs passing therethrough.
  • a suitable VOC sampler 40 would be a GORESorb (trade mark) tube with a multiplicity of small sorbent balls therein.
  • Any suitable gas variable can be measured in the detector 50 , the analysers typically being used to monitor hydrocarbons (especially methane), carbon dioxide, oxygen carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulphide concentrations.
  • the IGM apparatus 8 further comprises a combined controller and memory 70 for controlling operation of the apparatus 8 and a power cell (battery) 72 making the operation of the apparatus 8 self-contained, i.e. not reliant on data communication with or power from an external source.
  • the controller 70 includes a clock.
  • a vent pipe 74 is provided running through the apparatus 8 from the bore-hole end to an outlet 76 through the top 30 to atmosphere (the atmospheric end of the apparatus).
  • a vent pipe valve 78 is provided for the vent pipe 64 to control whether it is open to atmosphere.
  • a water detector 80 which detects the presence or proximity of liquid water in the apparatus and upon such detection transmits a signal to the controller 70 .
  • a conductance sensor is used to determine a liquid water presence.
  • a water level detector (not shown) can be connected to the bottom of the IGM apparatus and suspended therebelow in use into the borehole.
  • wired pressure transducer can be used.
  • the top 30 includes a connector 82 allowing data communication with a remote device and unit activation. Additionally, a pressure sensor can be attached here for monitoring borehole water level.
  • the IGM apparatus 8 is mounted in a borehole 2 , within a borehole liner with the cap 10 providing a gas-tight seal.
  • the IGM apparatus 8 is configured, specifically by programming of the controller 70 , to automatically and periodically test a gas sample from the borehole. The process by which this is undertaken will now be described.
  • step 100 a pump test is carried out. With first valve 38 shut, the pump 48 is started and first pressure sensor 46 must read 100 mb within 10 seconds otherwise a FAIL warning is produced by controller 70 as the pump 48 may have failed.
  • step 102 a filter test is carried out. With first valve 38 open after 4 seconds first pressure sensor 46 takes a pressure reading BH. The pump 48 then runs for a predetermined period and first pressure sensor 46 takes another pressure reading BHP. If BHP ⁇ BH>250 mb a FAIL warning is produced by controller 70 as the filter 44 is likely to have become blocked.
  • First and second valves 38 and 60 are opened (step 104 ) and pump 48 is activated (step 106 ) to pump gas from the borehole through the gas flow path described above to ensure the sensors have an up to date gas sample from the borehole.
  • the VOC detector 40 and VOC collector 42 precede the filter 44 which would otherwise remove the VOCs from the gas flow.
  • VOC's collected by the VOC collector can be quantified by removing the VOC collector and eluting the VOC's into an instrument such as a gas chromatograph.
  • Measurements (step 108 ) of VOC concentrations are made by the VOC detector 40 .
  • Moisture and particulates are removed by the filter 44 .
  • Borehole gas then passes through the detector 50 where it is analysed by (step 110 ) by gas analysers 57 , 54 , 56 and 58 .
  • a concurrent gas pressure measurement (step 112 ) is made by first gas pressure sensor 38 and a reference measurement of atmospheric pressure is made by second pressure sensor 66 .
  • the time of the sensing and length of time for which the pump is operated and recorded (step 114 ). Based on an empirical measurement or by calculation, the volume of gas passing through the apparatus 8 per unit time when the pump 48 is running can be determined. Accordingly, it can be determined what volume of gas has passed through the apparatus in any given testing period. This data is stored in the controller/memory 70 .
  • the amount of VOC's collected by the VOC collector can then be divided by the volume of gas passed over the collector giving a measure of VOC concentration.
  • First and second valves 38 and 60 are then closed (step 116 ).
  • the gas from the borehole is circulated back to the borehole through the borehole end of the apparatus.
  • Gas variable measurements are carried out by the gas analysers 52 , 54 , 56 and 58 . Any appropriate variable can be monitored including one or more of the presence or absence of a particular gas, a gas concentration level, a gas pressure, moisture content in a gas, etc.
  • the data from the gas variable measurements is stored in the controller/memory 70 .
  • a timer in the controller 70 is re-set (step 116 ) so that a subsequent periodic measurement can be made.
  • controller/memory 70 can be downloaded over a hard-wired connection via the connector 82 or by wireless transmission. This connection can also be used to program the controller 70 to operate the apparatus 8 as desired. For instance, variables such as the frequency of sampling, whether sampling is regular or irregular, whether there should be a periodic venting to atmosphere, etc can be set.
  • a water detection signal is sent to the controller 70 which can take an appropriate step, such as deactivating the apparatus 8 , transmitting an alert signal, illuminating a warning light etc. This can both protect the apparatus 8 from damage and avoid contaminated readings being made.
  • the apparatus 8 can be configured to vent the borehole to atmosphere periodically or on instruction.
  • a portable, self-contained IGM apparatus that can be conveniently deployed in a borehole to take periodic data readings of gas variables in the borehole.
  • preferred embodiments of the present invention enable VOCs to be monitored.
  • the combination of the VOC detector together with the VOC collector and the determination of the volume of gas passing through the apparatus enables a calculation to be made of the absolute concentrations of specific VOCs in the borehole and also how they vary over time.
  • time-stamping the results the variation of VOCs over time can be monitored enabling, for instance, comparisons with other time-variable phenomena, such as atmospheric pressure or weather conditions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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US13/393,737 2009-09-01 2010-08-03 In-borehole gas monitor apparatus and method comprising a voc concentration analyser and a voc collector Abandoned US20130036811A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0915150.7 2009-09-01
GBGB0915150.7A GB0915150D0 (en) 2009-09-01 2009-09-01 In-borehole gas monitor apparatus and method
PCT/GB2010/051282 WO2011027137A1 (en) 2009-09-01 2010-08-03 In-borehole gas monitor apparatus and method comprising a voc concentration analyser and a voc collector

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US (1) US20130036811A1 (ru)
EP (1) EP2473843A1 (ru)
JP (1) JP2013504035A (ru)
CN (1) CN102597766A (ru)
AU (1) AU2010290994A1 (ru)
BR (1) BR112012004245A2 (ru)
CA (1) CA2772744A1 (ru)
GB (1) GB0915150D0 (ru)
IN (1) IN2012DN02476A (ru)
MX (1) MX2012002602A (ru)
RU (1) RU2012110978A (ru)
WO (1) WO2011027137A1 (ru)
ZA (1) ZA201202341B (ru)

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US20130180710A1 (en) * 2012-01-18 2013-07-18 Baker Hughes Incorporated Carbon dioxide content of natural gas from other physical properties
US9399912B2 (en) 2012-09-13 2016-07-26 Geosyntec Consultants, Inc. Passive sampling device and method of sampling and analysis
US20180321172A1 (en) * 2015-12-01 2018-11-08 International Business Machines Corporation 3D Micro and Nanoheater Design for Ultra-Low Power Gas Sensors
CN110308252A (zh) * 2019-08-13 2019-10-08 成都苏杜地质工程咨询有限公司 隧道有毒有害气体深孔测试设备及其测试方法
US10823644B2 (en) 2013-02-28 2020-11-03 TricornTech Taiwan Real-time on-site gas analysis network for ambient air monitoring and active control and response
US20210372977A1 (en) * 2016-03-01 2021-12-02 Loci Controls, Inc. Designs for enhanced reliability and calibration of landfill gas measurement and control devices
US11602777B2 (en) 2013-11-04 2023-03-14 Loci Controls, Inc. Devices and techniques relating to landfill gas extraction
US11602778B2 (en) 2013-11-04 2023-03-14 Loci Controls, Inc. Devices and techniques relating to landfill gas extraction
US11623256B2 (en) 2020-07-13 2023-04-11 Loci Controls, Inc. Devices and techniques relating to landfill gas extraction
US11636870B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2023-04-25 Denso International America, Inc. Smoking cessation systems and methods
US11760170B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2023-09-19 Denso International America, Inc. Olfaction sensor preservation systems and methods
US11760169B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2023-09-19 Denso International America, Inc. Particulate control systems and methods for olfaction sensors
US11813926B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2023-11-14 Denso International America, Inc. Binding agent and olfaction sensor
US11828210B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2023-11-28 Denso International America, Inc. Diagnostic systems and methods of vehicles using olfaction
US11872610B2 (en) 2018-03-06 2024-01-16 Loci Controls, Inc. Landfill gas extraction control system
US11881093B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2024-01-23 Denso International America, Inc. Systems and methods for identifying smoking in vehicles
US11883864B2 (en) 2020-01-29 2024-01-30 Loci Controls, Inc. Automated compliance measurement and control for landfill gas extraction systems
US11932080B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2024-03-19 Denso International America, Inc. Diagnostic and recirculation control systems and methods
US11977062B2 (en) 2016-03-01 2024-05-07 Loci Controls, Inc. Designs for enhanced reliability and calibration of landfill gas measurement and control devices

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Cited By (26)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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ZA201202341B (en) 2012-12-27
EP2473843A1 (en) 2012-07-11
BR112012004245A2 (pt) 2019-09-24
CA2772744A1 (en) 2011-03-10
RU2012110978A (ru) 2013-10-10
JP2013504035A (ja) 2013-02-04
WO2011027137A1 (en) 2011-03-10
IN2012DN02476A (ru) 2015-08-21
MX2012002602A (es) 2012-07-17
CN102597766A (zh) 2012-07-18
AU2010290994A1 (en) 2012-03-08

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