US20120222446A1 - Air-Conditioning System for a Vehicle - Google Patents

Air-Conditioning System for a Vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120222446A1
US20120222446A1 US13/388,324 US201013388324A US2012222446A1 US 20120222446 A1 US20120222446 A1 US 20120222446A1 US 201013388324 A US201013388324 A US 201013388324A US 2012222446 A1 US2012222446 A1 US 2012222446A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
heat
air
heat exchanger
equipment
refrigerant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/388,324
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English (en)
Inventor
Sachio Sekiya
Tadashi Osaka
Itsuro Sawada
Yuto Imanishi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Ltd
Assigned to HITACHI, LTD. reassignment HITACHI, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: Imanishi, Yuto, OSAKA, TADASHI, SAWADA, ITSURO, SEKIYA, SACHIO
Publication of US20120222446A1 publication Critical patent/US20120222446A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
    • B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/003—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to inverters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0061—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electrical machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/52—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by DC-motors
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
    • B60K11/04—Arrangement or mounting of radiators, radiator shutters, or radiator blinds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/08—Air inlets for cooling; Shutters or blinds therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/40—Working vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/34—Cabin temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/425—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/525—Temperature of converter or components thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an air-conditioning system for a vehicle.
  • the conventional heat-generating body such as a motor or an inverter is covered with a casing made of a metal and the generated heat is released to external air.
  • the heat of the heat-generating body is released wastefully and has not been efficiently used for air-heating of the vehicle interior.
  • an air-conditioning system for a vehicle comprises an air-conditioning apparatus having a compressor that compresses a first refrigerant and a first heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the first refrigerant and external air and performing temperature regulation of air in a vehicle interior of the vehicle; an equipment cooling apparatus that circulates a second refrigerant between equipment for electrically driving the vehicle and a second heat exchanger to release heat absorbed from the equipment to the air in the vehicle interior in the second heat exchanger, wherein the air-conditioning system further comprises a heat-radiation suppressing structure that suppresses heat dissipation from the equipment to surrounding environment.
  • the heat-radiation suppressing structure comprises an heat insulating member that covers the equipment as the heat-release preventing structure.
  • the heat-radiation suppressing structure comprises a shielding member that is provided between the first heat exchanger and the equipment and shields the equipment from external air that has passed through the first heat exchanger.
  • the shielding member comprises a duct that accommodates therein the first heat exchanger, the duct including a first channel for guiding external air that has passed through the first heat exchanger to the equipment, a second channel for discharging the external air that has passed through the first heat exchanger to outside the vehicle, and a wind distributing unit that switches between the first and second channels to distribute the external air that has passed through the first heat exchanger.
  • the equipment for driving the vehicle comprises a plurality of pieces of equipment as the vehicle for driving the vehicle and the heat-radiation suppressing structure has a layout of the plurality of pieces of the equipment such that a piece of equipment among the plurality of pieces of the equipment having a larger amount of heat generation is arranged at a position further down stream in a flow of the second refrigerant, and a piece of equipment having the largest amount of heat generation among the plurality of pieces of the equipment is provided close to the second heat exchanger.
  • the comprises a third heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the first refrigerant and the second refrigerant.
  • the heat radiation from equipment to surrounding environment is suppressed and the heat absorbed from the equipment can be released to the air in the vehicle interior efficiently.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an air-conditioning system for a vehicle according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating operation of the system during air-cooling operation
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating operation of the system during defrosting operation
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a first example of a heat-release suppressing structure
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a second example of a heat-release suppressing structure
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a third example of a heat-release suppressing structure.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a fourth example of heat-release suppressing structure.
  • the air-conditioning system for a vehicle according to the present invention is applied to an electric vehicle.
  • the present invention is not limited to electric vehicles but also is applicable to hybrid vehicles, and to electromotor vehicles of electric railways, construction vehicles and the like.
  • explanation is made with reference to an example of an alternate current motor driven by an inverter.
  • the present invention is not limited to the alternate current motor but can be applied to all types of rotating machines (motor generators) such as a direct current motor that can be driven by a converter, such as a thyristor Leonard device or a pulse motor that can be driven with chopper power source.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing schematic construction of the air-conditioning system for a vehicle according to the present invention.
  • the air-conditioning system for a vehicle shown in FIG. 1 includes a refrigeration cycle circuit 90 in which a refrigerant 40 flows, an air-conditioning circuit 91 A having an interior heat exchanger 7 A connected to the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 with an air-conditioning cooling medium 41 A, and an equipment cooling circuit 91 B having an interior heat exchanger 7 B, the heat-generating body 9 , and the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 with an equipment cooling medium 41 B.
  • a compressor 1 that compresses the refrigerant 40 , an exterior heat exchanger 2 that exchanges heat between the refrigerant 40 and external air, a liquid piping 12 , an air-conditioning heat exchanger 4 A that exchanges heat with the air-conditioning cooling medium 41 A in the air-conditioning circuit 91 A are connected in a circulating manner.
  • a four-way valve 20 is provided between an intake piping 11 and a discharge piping 10 . By switching the four-way valve 20 , either one of the intake piping 11 and the discharge piping 10 can be connected to the exterior heat exchanger 2 and the other of the intake pipe 11 and the discharge pipe 10 can be connected to the air-conditioning heat exchanger 4 A.
  • FIG. 1 shows the air-heating operation, in which the four-way valve 20 is switched to connect the discharge piping 10 to the air-conditioning heat exchanger 4 A and the intake piping 11 to the exterior heat exchanger 2 .
  • the cooling heat exchanger 4 B exchanges heat between the refrigerant 40 of the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 and the equipment cooling medium 41 B.
  • the cooling heat exchanger 4 B is connected on one end thereof to the liquid piping 12 and on the other end thereof switchably connected to either one of the discharge pipe 10 and the intake pipe llthrough a three-way valve 21 .
  • the liquid piping 12 is provided with a receiver 24 .
  • Expansion valves 23 , 22 A, and 22 B that serve as flow rate control means are provided between the receiver 24 and the exterior heat exchanger 2 , between the air-conditioning heat exchanger 4 A and the receiver 24 , and between the cooling heat exchanger 4 B and the receiver 24 , respectively, on the liquid piping 12 .
  • the exterior heat exchanger 2 is provided with an exterior fan 3 for blowing external air.
  • the air-conditioning circuit 91 A To the air-conditioning circuit 91 A are connected the interior heat exchanger 7 A that exchanges heat with air blown out into the vehicle interior by an interior fan 8 , a circulation pump 5 A that circulates the air-conditioning cooling medium 41 A, and the air-conditioning heat exchanger 4 A in order in a circulating manner.
  • the equipment cooling circuit 91 B To the equipment cooling circuit 91 B are connected an interior heat exchanger 7 B that exchanges heat with air flown out from the interior heat exchanger 7 A, a reservoir tank 6 , a circulation pump 5 B that circulates the equipment cooling medium 41 B, the cooling heat exchanger 4 B, an heat-generating body 9 such as a motor, an inverter, a battery or the like in order in a circulating manner.
  • the equipment cooling circuit 91 B is provided with a bypass circuit 30 that bypasses both ends of the interior heat exchanger 7 B.
  • the bypass circuit 30 is provided with a two-way valve 25 and a main circuit 31 that passes through the interior heat exchanger 7 B is provided with a two-way valve 26 .
  • heat emission from the heat-generating body 9 is used for heating the vehicle interior during air-heating operation.
  • air-heating load is low, air-heating is performed by using the heat emission form the heat-generating body 9 without using the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 . If the heat emission from the heat-generating body 9 does not cover the air-heating load, the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 is used in combination.
  • the circulation pump 5 B and the interior fan 8 are activated and the two-way valve 26 is opened to flow the equipment cooling medium 41 B into the interior heat exchanger 7 B. Since the equipment cooling medium 41 B is heated by the heat-generating body 9 , the equipment cooling medium 41 B will be cooled by releasing heat to the air blown out into the vehicle interior in the interior heat exchanger 7 B and thus the air blown out into the vehicle interior is heated.
  • the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 is used in combination.
  • the four-way valve 20 is switched as indicated by a solid line to connect the discharge piping 10 of the compressor 1 with the air-conditioning heat exchanger 4 A and the intake piping 11 with the exterior heat exchanger 2 . That is, a cycling is formed in which the air-conditioning heat exchanger 41 A serves as a condenser and the exterior heat exchanger serves as an evaporator.
  • the refrigerant 40 compressed by the compressor 1 is condensed and liquefied by releasing heat to the air-conditioning cooling medium 41 A in the air-conditioning heat exchanger 4 A. Thereafter, it is depressurized with an expansion valve 23 and exchanges heat with the external air in the exterior heat exchanger 2 to be evaporated, gasified and is returned to the compressor 1 . Note that the expansion valve 22 A is fully opened and the expansion valve 22 B is fully closed and the cooling heat exchanger 4 B is not used.
  • the air-conditioning cooling medium 41 A which has gained condensation heat of the refrigerant 40 in the air-conditioning heat exchanger 4 A and has an elevated temperature, is lead to flow into the interior heat exchanger 7 A and releases heat to the air blown out there into the vehicle interior.
  • the air heated by the interior heat exchanger 7 A further gains heat from the equipment cooling medium 41 B heated by the heat-generating body 9 , in the interior heat exchanger 7 B disposed on the side downstream of the flow of air, its temperature being further elevated and then blown out into the vehicle interior space.
  • the air blown out into the vehicle interior after it is heated by the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 , is further heated by the heat emission from the heat-generating body 9 .
  • the temperature of the air blown out from the interior heat exchanger 7 A is maintained at a temperature that is lower than the temperature of the air blown out from the interior heat exchanger 7 B. That is, by using the heat emission from the heat-generating body 9 for air-heating, an air-conditioning apparatus with reduced energy consumption can be constructed.
  • the four-way valve 20 and the three-way valve 21 are switched as indicated by solid lines in FIG. 3 .
  • the expansion valve 22 A is fully closed to form a cycling in which the exterior heat exchanger 2 serves as a condenser and the cooling heat exchanger 4 B serves as an evaporator.
  • the two-way valve 26 is closed to cut off the flow to the main circuit 31 and allows the equipment cooling medium 41 B to flow into the bypass circuit 30 .
  • the air-conditioning heat exchanger 4 A makes it easy to decrease the temperature of the air blown out into the vehicle interior. Accordingly, the heat emission from the heat-generating body 9 is used as a heat source, so that a reduction in temperature of the vehicle interior can be prevented.
  • the air blown out into the vehicle interior is used as a heat source, the amount of heat may not be sufficient, and therefore defrosting may take a longer time.
  • the equipment cooling medium 41 B which is maintained at a high temperature due to the heat-generating body 9 being connected with the system, can be used as a heat source for defrosting, advantageously, the heat source for defrosting can be secured so that the time for defrosting can be shortened.
  • a decrease in temperature can be prevented by controlling the amount of wind from the interior fan 8 or by stopping the interior fan 8 .
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the action of the system at the time of air-cooling operation.
  • air-cooling operation means an operation mode in which both the air-conditioning circuit 91 A and the equipment cooling circuit 91 B are enabled to perform air-cooling.
  • the exterior heat exchanger 2 is used as a condenser, and the air-conditioning heat exchanger 4 A and the cooling heat exchanger 4 B are used as evaporators, with the four-way valve 20 being brought into a condition indicated by a solid line.
  • the refrigerant 40 compressed by the compressor 1 releases heat in the exterior heat exchanger 2 to be liquefied and then branched into a portion of the refrigerant that flows into the air-conditioning heat exchanger 4 A and a portion of the refrigerant that flows into the cooling heat exchanger 4 B through the receiver 24 .
  • the portion of the refrigerant that flows into the air-conditioning heat exchanger 4 A is depressurized by a depressurizing means 22 A to become low in temperature and pressure and evaporates when it absorbs heat from the air-conditioning cooling medium 41 A of the air-conditioning circuit 91 A in the air-conditioning heat exchanger 4 A, and passes through the four-way valve 20 and returns to the compressor 1 .
  • the portion of the refrigerant that flows into the cooling heat exchanger 4 B is depressurized in a depressurizing means 22 B to become low in temperature and pressure and absorbs heat from the equipment cooling medium 41 B of the equipment cooling circuit 91 B in the cooling heat exchanger 4 B, passes through the three-way valve 21 and returns to the compressor 1 .
  • the circulation pump 5 A provided in the air-conditioning circuit 91 A When the circulation pump 5 A provided in the air-conditioning circuit 91 A is driven, the air-conditioning cooling medium 41 A cooled by the air-conditioning heat exchanger 4 A is supplied to the interior heat exchanger 7 A. Then, when the interior fan 8 is driven, air cooled as a result of heat exchange in the interior heat exchanger 7 A is blown out into the vehicle interior.
  • the circulation pump 5 B provided in the equipment cooling circuit 91 B is driven, the equipment cooling medium 41 B heated by the heat-generating body 9 is cooled as a result of heat exchange in the cooling heat exchanger 4 B.
  • the two-way valve 26 in the main circuit 31 is closed, so that the equipment cooling medium 41 B that is at a high temperature flows through the bypass circuit 30 .
  • the two-way valve 26 in the main circuit 31 is closed, so that the equipment cooling medium 41 B that is at a high temperature flows through the bypass circuit 30 .
  • both the air-conditioning heat exchanger 4 A and the cooling heat exchanger 4 B can be used as evaporators, so that cooling of the vehicle interior and cooling of the heat-generating body 9 can be implemented simultaneously. Furthermore, since the air-conditioning heat exchanger 4 A and the cooling heat exchanger 4 B are connected in parallel to the intake piping 11 of the compressor 1 and the expansion valves 22 A, 22 B are provided to both the refrigerant circuits, the flow rates of the portions of the refrigerants that flow into the air-conditioning heat exchanger 4 A and the cooling heat exchanger 4 B, respectively, can be freely varied. As a result, the temperatures of the equipment cooling medium 41 B and the air-conditioning cooling medium 41 A can be controlled to any desired temperatures, respectively.
  • the temperature of the equipment cooling medium 41 B in case that the heat-generating body 9 is connected can be maintained high by controlling the flow rate of the portion of the refrigerant that flows into the cooling heat exchanger 4 B.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram that shows an example of the heat-radiation suppressing structure, indicating the case in which it is applied to an electric vehicle.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows the arrangement of each equipment when a motor 53 for driving is mounted in the front portion of a vehicle 50 .
  • a space 51 A in the vehicle 50 is a space that corresponds to an engine room in a conventional engine-driven vehicle.
  • the space 51 A is called a motor reception room and the space 51 B is called a vehicle interior.
  • FIG. 4 shows, as main equipments, a motor 53 , an inverter 54 for controlling driving of the motor 53 , a cooling unit 52 , the exterior heat exchanger 2 , and the exterior fan 3 .
  • the cooling unit 52 includes the equipment provided in the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 shown in FIG. 1 (the compressor 1 , the heat exchangers 4 A, 4 B, the valves 20 , 21 and so on) as well as the circulation pumps 5 A, 5 B and so on.
  • the interior heat exchangers 7 A, 7 B and the interior fan 8 shown in FIG. 1 are arranged in the vehicle interior 51 B. Note that in FIG. 4 , the interior heat exchanger 7 A and the interior fan 8 are omitted.
  • the motor 53 and the inverter 54 correspond to the heat-generating body 9 in FIG. 1 .
  • the exterior heat exchanger 2 and the exterior fan 3 are arranged in the front most portions (on the left hand side in the FIG. 4 ) so that heat exchange with the external air can be efficiently performed.
  • the cooling unit 52 , the motor 53 , the inverter 54 and so on is arranged to the rear of the exterior heat exchanger 2 and the exterior fan 3 .
  • a wind 61 caused by running of the vehicle and the exterior fan 3 passes through the exterior heat exchanger 2 and then is blown out to the cooling unit 52 , the motor 53 , the inverter 54 , the piping 55 and so on arranged to the rear of the exterior heat exchanger 2 .
  • the motor 53 and the inverter 54 is configured to allow release of heat from the casing made of a metal to ambient air in order to prevent temperature elevation.
  • the cooling structure with the cooling medium 41 B is employed, heat is radiated from the casing to the ambient air that directly comes in contact with the casing. Heat dissipates wastefully also from the piping 55 , in which the equipment cooling medium 41 B at a high temperature flows, to the ambient air by heat radiation.
  • the amount of heat released from the motor 53 , the inverter 54 and the piping 55 to the ambient air increases, which hinders efficient utilization of the heat generated by the motor 53 and the inverter 54 , which are heat-generating bodies, for air-heating of the vehicle interior.
  • the exterior heat exchanger 2 serves as an evaporator during the air-heating operation, external air is cooled when it passes through the exterior heat exchanger, so that the temperature of the external air becomes lower than the temperature of the external air at the beginning.
  • wind of lower temperature than the external air is blown out to the motor 53 , the inverter 54 and the piping 55 .
  • a wall 60 is arranged between the cooling unit 52 and the exterior fan 8 as shown in FIG. 4 to provide a structure that prevents the wind 61 that has passed through the exterior heat exchanger 2 from being blown out to the cooling unit 52 , the motor 53 , the inverter 54 , and the pipe 55 .
  • the wind 61 that has passed through the exterior heat exchanger 2 flows along the wall 60 obliquely in the direction of lower right, and discharged outside the vehicle from the bottom surface portion of the motor reception room 51 A.
  • the amount of heat radiated from the motor 53 , the inverter 54 and the pipe 55 is decreased, thus making it possible to increase efficiency of utilization of the heat emission, and enableing a reduction in power consumption by the refrigeration cycle for air-heating.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a second example of the heat-radiation suppressing structure.
  • the flow of the wind 61 that has passed through the exterior heat exchanger 2 is varied by the wall 60 , so that the wind 61 is prevented from being blown out to the motor 53 , the inverter 54 and the piping 55 , which are heat-generating bodies.
  • a duct 70 that accommodates the exterior heat exchanger 2 and the exterior fan 3 is provided in the motor reception space 51 A in order to prevent the wind 61 from being blown out to the motor 53 , the inverter 54 and the pipe 55 , which are heat-generating bodies.
  • the duct 70 includes a cooling duct 70 a and a discharging duct 70 b .
  • the cooling duct 70 a guides the wind that has passed through the exterior heat exchanger 2 to the motor 53 , the inverter 54 , and batteries for driving (not shown).
  • the discharging duct 70 b discharges the wind that has passed through the exterior heat exchanger 2 to outside the vehicle.
  • the ducts 70 a , 70 b are provided with dampers 71 , 72 , respectively, which are gates for adjusting the amount of wind.
  • a multi-blade fan instead of a propeller fan is used as the exterior fan 3 .
  • the damper 71 of the cooling duct 70 a is closed whereas the damper 72 of the discharging duct 70 b is opened.
  • the wind 61 that has passed through the exterior heat exchanger 2 is discharged through the discharging duct 70 b to outside the vehicle, so that it is not blown out to the motor 53 , the inverter 54 and the pipe 55 . Therefore, the heat radiation from the motor 53 and the inverter 54 is suppressed and the heat emission therefrom becomes to be used efficiently.
  • the damper 72 is closed and the damper 71 is opened as shown in FIG. 5 to allow the wind from the exterior fan 3 to be blown out to the heat-generating body to increase heat dissipation therefrom.
  • the equipment cooling medium 41 B for cooling the heat-generating body is cooled by the refrigerant 40 in the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 in the cooling heat exchanger 4 B.
  • the temperature of the exterior heat exchanger 2 becomes hard to be increased, so that it becomes difficult to melt the frost. Then, during the defrosting operation, the exterior fan 3 is stopped and the dampers 71 , 72 are closed in order to make it difficult for the wind 61 to flow through the exterior heat exchanger 2 .
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a third heat-radiation suppressing structure.
  • the wind 61 that has passed through the exterior heat exchanger 2 is prevented from being blown out to the motor 53 , the inverter 54 , and the piping 55 , which are heat-generating bodies, for decreasing the amount of heat dissipated therefrom by providing the wall 60 or the duct 70 .
  • the motor 53 and the inverter 54 have a structure that allows heat to be radiated via their casings made of metal to the ambient air as mentioned above. As a result, even when a structure is adopted with which the wind 61 that has passed through the exterior heat exchanger 2 is not blown out to the motor 53 and the inverter 54 , heat is dissipated to the ambient air. Accordingly, in the third heat-radiation suppressing structure, the motor 53 and the inverter 54 , which are heat-generating bodies and the piping 55 in which the equipment cooling medium 41 B of high temperature flows are accommodated in the casing 56 for suppressing heat radiation so as to decrease heat dissipated from the heat-generating bodies to the air in the motor reception room 51 A.
  • the casing 56 By providing the casing 56 , it is prevented that the motor 53 , the inverter 54 and the pipe 55 are exposed to the wind 61 that has passed through the exterior heat exchanger 2 , so that similar effect to that given by the wall 61 as shown in FIG. 2 is obtained. Furthermore, since the air surrounding the motor 53 , the inverter 54 and the piping 55 is separated from the air in the motor reception room 51 A by the casing 56 , heat transfer from the air in the casing 56 to the air in the motor reception room 51 A is done only via thermal conduction through the casing 56 . As a result, the heat radiation from the motor 53 , the inverter 54 and the piping 55 may be decreased more than the case where they are arranged as exposed in the motor reception room 51 A as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the material that constitutes the casing 56 is preferably a heat insulating material, it may be a metal.
  • the casing 56 may be of a double-walled structure, with which a sufficient heat insulation effect can be obtained even when the casing 56 is made of metallic material.
  • each pieces of the equipment may be enclosed by a casing made of an heat insulating material or the surface of each pieces of the equipment may be covered with an heat insulating material.
  • the surface of each pieces of the equipment may be coated with an heat insulating material (for example, a resin) to form a layer of the heat insulting material on the surface of the motor 53 , the inverter 54 and the pipe 55 .
  • an heat insulating structure and the above-mentioned wall 60 may be used together.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a fourth example of the heat-radiation suppressing structure.
  • the fourth heat-radiation suppressing structure by appropriately modifying the layout of each equipment provided in the equipment cooling circuit 91 B shown in FIG. 1 , the length of the piping in which the equipment cooling medium 41 B having a relatively high temperature flows is made smaller to suppress the heat radiation from the piping.
  • the duct 70 is provided in order that the wind from the exterior fan is not blown out to the motor 53 .
  • a construction which do not include the duct 70 and the wall 60 may be used.
  • a circulation pump 5 B Along the flow of equipment cooling medium 41 B, a circulation pump 5 B, a cooling heat exchanger 4 B, an heat-generating body, and an interior heat exchanger 7 B are connected in order.
  • the piece of the equipment that has an outlet of the equipment cooling medium 41 B located at the highest position is arranged at the most downstream side between the circulation pump 5 B and the interior heat exchanger 7 B, i.e., near the interior heat exchanger 7 B.
  • the piece of the equipment that has the largest amount of heat generation is arranged at the most downstream position between the circulation pump 5 B and the interior heat exchanger 7 B.
  • the circulation pump 5 B is arranged to the front part of the vehicle from the heat-generating body.
  • the guiding principle (1) is settled based on the following reason. Taking into consideration the function of the reservoir tank 6 , it is preferred that the reservoir tank 6 is provided on the intake side of the circulation pump 5 B. Furthermore, the reservoir tank 6 needs to be located at the highest position in the equipment cooling circuit 91 B. On the other hand, the circulation pump 5 B for circulating the equipment cooling medium 41 B is provided preferably at the lowest position. A communication hole 81 through which the piping to the interior heat exchanger 7 B provided in the vehicle interior 51 B is arranged at a relatively high position in the motor reception room 51 A. Accordingly, by providing the reservoir tank 6 on the downstream side of the interior heat exchanger 7 B, the reservoir tank 6 can be arranged at a high position and the piping can be shorter.
  • the reservoir tank 6 is not arranged on the downstream side of the interior heat exchanger 7 B and the cooling heat exchanger 4 B, the reservoir tank 6 , and the circulation pump 5 B are connected in order.
  • the piping is arranged from the cooling heat exchanger 4 B at a lower position to once the reservoir tank 6 that is at a higher position and then it is arranged again to the circulation pump 5 that is at a lower position.
  • the piping length is increased to cause the heat radiation from the piping to increase.
  • the communication hole 81 related to the interior heat exchanger 7 B is provided at a relatively high position. Accordingly, by connecting the piece of the equipment that has an outlet of refrigerant at a high position on the most downstream side, that is, on the upstream side of the interior heat exchanger 7 B, the piping between the piece of the equipment and the interior heat exchanger 7 B can be shorter.
  • the motor 53 having a large size is connected on the upstream side of the interior heat exchanger 7 B. Since the equipment cooling medium 41 B of a high temperature flows through the piping on the upstream side of the interior heat exchanger 7 B, a reduction in the amount of heat dissipation can be decreased by shorter piping.
  • the guiding principle (3) is based on the following reason.
  • the length of the piping through which the equipment cooling medium 41 B that has the highest temperature can be shorter.
  • the length of the piping on the upstream side of the piece of the equipment concerned is increased.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant can be maintained at a relatively lower level on the upstream side of the piece of the equipment concerned, so that the total heat dissipation from the piping can be decreased.
  • the heat-generating bodies are arranged in series between the circulation pump 5 B placed at a lower position and the interior heat exchanger 7 B placed at a higher position. That is, it is possible to avoid the arrangement of the piping from going backward in the front-back direction of the vehicle, so that the total length of the piping in which equipment cooling medium 41 B having a high temperature flows can be shorter.
  • the length of the piping from the reservoir tank 6 to the circulation pump 5 B becomes relatively large.
  • the equipment cooling medium 41 B that has released heat in the interior heat exchanger 7 B flows, the temperature of the refrigerant is relatively low, causing less adverse effect of heat loss.
  • each component in FIG. 7 is set up according to the above-mentioned guiding principles (1) to (4) and the piping connection is done from the reservoir tank 6 that is arranged at the highest position near the through hole 81 to the circulation pump 5 B arranged on the side of the front portion of the vehicle in the equipment cooling circuit 91 B.
  • the cooling heat exchanger 4 B On the downstream side of the circulation pump 5 B is connected the cooling heat exchanger 4 B.
  • the cooling heat exchanger 4 B is arranged at a low position like the circulation pump 5 B and a plurality of heat-generating bodies are arranged in an ascending order regarding heat generation amount between the cooling heat exchanger 4 B and the interior heat exchanger 7 B located at a high position.
  • the battery 80 for driving as an heat-generating body
  • the battery 80 for driving is provided as a heat-generating body in addition to the motor 53 and the inverter 54 .
  • a two-way valve V 1 is provided between the battery 80 for driving and the inverter 54 , and a bypass circuit 82 provided with a two-way valve V 2 is arranged in parallel to the battery 80 for driving.
  • the two-way valve V 1 is closed and at the same time the two-way valve V 2 is opened to flow the equipment cooling medium 41 B to bypass the battery 80 for driving.
  • the two-way valve V 1 Since the temperature of the battery 80 for driving increases during charging, the two-way valve V 1 is opened and at the same time the two-way valve V 2 is closed to cool the battery 80 for driving with the equipment cooling medium 41 B, whereby the heat is utilized for air-heating of the vehicle interior.
  • cooling is performed even when it is not a time of charging, if it is expected that the temperature of the battery will exceed allowable temperature of the battery 80 for driving.
  • the battery 80 for driving shown in FIG. 7 operates most efficiently when the temperature of battery is 50 to 60° C.
  • the equipment cooling circuit 91 B may be provided with a heater in order to heat the equipment cooling medium 41 B by the heater up to an optimal temperature in case the temperature of the equipment cooling medium 41 B is too low.
  • the air-conditioning system for a vehicle comprises the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 that includes the compressor 1 for compressing the refrigerant 40 and the exterior heat exchanger 2 for exchanging heat between the refrigerant 40 and external air and that performs air-conditioning of air in the vehicle interior, the air-conditioning circuit 91 , and the equipment cooling circuit 91 B that circulates the equipment cooling medium 41 B among the motor 53 , an equipment for electrically driving the vehicle, the inverter 54 and the like, and the interior heat exchanger 7 B, and that releases heat absorbed from the equipment to the air in the vehicle interior with the interior heat exchanger 7 B.
  • the casing 56 made of an heat insulating material covering the equipment is provided; the wall 60 or duct 70 is provided as a shielding member that shields the equipment from the wind 61 ; or a layout of a plurality of pieces of equipment (motor 53 , inverter 54 , and battery 80 for driving) as shown in FIG. 7 is arranged such that a piece of equipment having a larger amount of heat generation is placed at more downstream of the flow of the equipment cooling medium 41 B and a piece of equipment having the largest amount of heat generation is placed in the vicinity of the interior heat exchanger 7 B.
  • the heat emission from the heat-generating body (motor 53 , inverter 54 , battery 80 for driving) can be efficiently used for air-conditioning of the vehicle interior.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
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  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
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JP2009262529A JP5422348B2 (ja) 2009-11-18 2009-11-18 車両用空調システム
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