US20120193073A1 - Device for building ventilation - Google Patents

Device for building ventilation Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120193073A1
US20120193073A1 US13/391,452 US201013391452A US2012193073A1 US 20120193073 A1 US20120193073 A1 US 20120193073A1 US 201013391452 A US201013391452 A US 201013391452A US 2012193073 A1 US2012193073 A1 US 2012193073A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
ventilation system
region
heat exchanger
openings
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/391,452
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ulrich Stieler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ULRICH STIELER KUNSTSTOFFSERVICE EK
Original Assignee
ULRICH STIELER KUNSTSTOFFSERVICE EK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ULRICH STIELER KUNSTSTOFFSERVICE EK filed Critical ULRICH STIELER KUNSTSTOFFSERVICE EK
Assigned to ULRICH STIELER KUNSTSTOFFSERVICE E.K. reassignment ULRICH STIELER KUNSTSTOFFSERVICE E.K. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STIELER, ULRICH
Publication of US20120193073A1 publication Critical patent/US20120193073A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F12/00—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening
    • F24F12/001—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
    • E06B7/02—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows for providing ventilation, e.g. through double windows; Arrangement of ventilation roses
    • E06B7/10—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows for providing ventilation, e.g. through double windows; Arrangement of ventilation roses by special construction of the frame members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L7/00—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements
    • F01L7/02—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly shaped valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L7/00—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements
    • F01L7/02—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly shaped valves
    • F01L7/04—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly shaped valves surrounding working cylinder or piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F12/00—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening
    • F24F12/001—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air
    • F24F12/002—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air using an intermediate heat-transfer fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F2007/0025—Ventilation using vent ports in a wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
    • F24F13/06—Outlets for directing or distributing air into rooms or spaces, e.g. ceiling air diffuser
    • F24F2013/0616—Outlets that have intake openings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/02—System or Device comprising a heat pump as a subsystem, e.g. combined with humidification/dehumidification, heating, natural energy or with hybrid system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2221/00—Details or features not otherwise provided for
    • F24F2221/20—Details or features not otherwise provided for mounted in or close to a window
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/56—Heat recovery units

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for building ventilation having heat recapturing.
  • the present invention relates to such a device for building ventilation with which the heat of the room air that is fed outside is recaptured, and cold outside air that will be fed inside can be preheated by means of the recaptured heat.
  • hot room air is conducted outside and, on the other hand, cold outside air must be heated to the desired room heat.
  • Rooms or buildings are usually ventilated by active aeration, windows or doors being tilted or opened. This kind of ventilation, however, increases the risk of break-ins or burglaries.
  • Ventilation and air-conditioning systems that are installed in buildings and that are designed as heat-recapturing systems are known, in which the heat of the spent exhaust is withdrawn via a heat exchanger system and is transferred as needed to the outside air to be heated.
  • These heat recapturing systems can be designed as closed circuit systems, in which a heat exchanger is found in the exhaust for taking up heat from the spent exhaust, and a heat exchanger is found in the outside air for delivery of the heat recaptured from the exhaust.
  • An enhancement of these known ventilation and air-conditioning systems is the subject of DE 10 2005 008 565 A1, which makes possible a subsequent cold recovery and, in particular, a subsequent cooling, in addition to the heat recapturing.
  • a ventilation system is proposed that makes possible an efficient ventilation of rooms or buildings without needing to tilt or open windows or doors.
  • the ventilation system according to the invention makes possible a recapturing of the room air heat that is fed outside, wherein the recaptured heat can be simultaneously employed for preheating the cold outside air that is fed into the room or the building from the outside.
  • a ventilation system for rooms or buildings, wherein the ventilation system can be integrated into a building element and the ventilation system has a heat exchanger element that has a first region having a first heat exchanger and a second region having a second heat exchanger, and the first and second heat exchangers are connected to one another via pipelines, with the formation of a heat exchanger circuit, wherein inner vent openings that connect the first region with the inside of the room, and outer vent openings that connect the first region with the outside environment are provided in the first region, the inner vent openings being disposed upstream to the outer vent openings relative to the flow direction of a heat transfer medium in the heat exchanger element, and wherein inner aeration openings that connect the second region with the inside of the room and outer aeration openings that connect the second region with the external environment are provided in the second region, the inner aeration openings being disposed downstream to the outer aeration openings relative to the flow direction of the heat transfer medium, wherein a hollow space that makes possible
  • the object of the present invention provides a device for building ventilation with heat recapturing, this device being an integral component of a building element such as a window or a door, for example. And thus which can be installed together with this building element without anything further.
  • the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are joined together via pipelines, with the formation of a heat exchanger circuit.
  • the first and second heat exchangers as well as the pipelines in this case are accommodated in corresponding hollow spaces of the building element and form a circuit in the building element.
  • the first region is preferably formed in an upper part and the second region in a lower part of the building element.
  • the ventilation system according to the invention is accommodated in a window casement.
  • the figure shows the window casement from inside, that is, seen from a room, and thus represents the inside view.
  • a window casement has a circumferential edge and a pane is installed therein.
  • the circumferential edge is typically formed from hollow profiles in modern windows.
  • a heat exchanger element 1 that runs around the entire circumference of the edge and forms a closed heat exchanger circuit is integrated in the edge of the window frame.
  • Heat exchanger element 1 is hollow and filled with a heat transfer medium. The flow direction of the heat transfer medium is clockwise here and is indicated by the arrows inside heat exchanger element 1 .
  • Heat exchanger element 1 has a first region 2 in the upper part of the edge for venting and a second region 3 disposed in the lower part of the edge for the aeration of the room or building.
  • the first region 2 has a first heat exchanger and the second region 3 has a second heat exchanger, which are connected via laterally running pipelines.
  • the ventilation system according to the invention can in principle be installed in any building element.
  • examples include window frames, door frames, door panels, a wall element or a roofing element itself.
  • the system can be integrated into mobile as well as stationary building elements.
  • the ventilation system according to the invention can be excellently integrated into mobile homes, for example.
  • the phrase “building element” also comprises elements of mobile homes, recreational vehicles, etc.
  • the building element should have a sufficient hollow space in order to assure the air flow, at least in the regions in which the air flows between the inner and/or outer vent or aeration openings.
  • the heat exchanger can also be configured helically, so that the air flow can occur within the spiral.
  • the aeration and/or vent openings may have any suitable shape. They may also be formed of an air-permeable material. Examples of suitable shapes are round or rectangular openings, slot-shaped openings, etc.
  • inner and outer vent openings 4 , 5 and/or inner or outer aeration openings 6 , 7 can be selected as needed.
  • This number can be oriented to the length of the heat exchanger in the first and/or second region.
  • the number is selected so that the region having the inner openings does not overlap with the region having the outer openings.
  • Inner vent openings 4 by means of which the room air is conducted out from the room into the inside of the edge, are disposed in the upper part of the edge.
  • Outer vent openings 5 by means of which the room air is conducted out of the inside of the edge into the environment, are further provided.
  • the inner vent openings 4 and the outer vent openings 5 are each disposed along heat exchanger element 1 , the outer vent openings 5 lying downstream to the inner vent openings 4 .
  • the air flows around the heat exchanger in the edge counter to the flow direction of the heat exchanger medium.
  • the hot room air entering into the edge delivers heat to the heat transfer medium and leaves the edge via the outer vent openings 5 .
  • the heated heat exchanger medium is guided to the second region 3 .
  • inner aeration openings 6 and outer aeration openings 7 are provided in the second region 3 .
  • inner aeration openings 6 and outer aeration openings 7 are disposed along the heat exchanger element, the outer aeration openings 7 being found upstream to the inner aeration openings 6 .
  • the present invention makes use of the fact that hot air flows upward, so that in a closed room, the air usually has a higher temperature in the region of the ceiling and/or the top edge of the window than in the lower region of the window or room. This temperature difference is utilized in this arrangement.
  • At least the outer vent and aeration openings can be provided on the outside with a screen in order to prevent, for example, the penetration of insects, and which can optionally act as soundproofing.
  • the heat transfer medium can be circulated by natural convection or heat expansion.
  • electrical pumping elements can be provided, for example.
  • the electrical pumping elements can be operated via a power connection.
  • the electrical pumping elements can be operated via solar cells, which can be mounted outside on the building, for example, or also on the window frame or in the region of the window frame.
  • the drive for the pumping elements may also be produced by the air flow in the system.
  • one or more check valves 8 , 9 may be provided.
  • Check valves 8 , 9 support the flow movement of the heat transfer medium that results due to the pressure difference associated with the heating and cooling of the heat transfer medium.
  • a lower check valve 9 is provided in the heat exchanger element 1 directly in front of the entrance for the heat transfer liquid into the lower region 3
  • an upper check valve 8 is provided directly in front of the entry for the heat transfer liquid into the upper region 2 .
  • the heat exchanger element 1 is heat-insulated, at least in the region that lies between the inner vent openings 4 and the inner aeration openings 6 , in order to prevent a premature cooling of the heated heat transfer medium.
  • the region of heat exchanger element 1 between outer aeration openings 7 and outer vent openings 5 may also be heat-insulated.
  • the heat exchanger circuit may be associated with one or more solar collectors for support of the heating.
  • any known fluid heat transfer medium can be used as the heat transfer medium.
  • Examples of this are water-based substances, oil-based substances or coolants, such as are known from air-conditioning technology.
  • the shape of the first and second heat exchangers is not subject to any particular limitation. It should, however, have a sufficient surface in order to assure an efficient heat transfer.
  • the heat exchanger for example, may be serpentine in shape or it may be formed as a spiral.
  • It may have surface-enlarging elements such as lamellae or pins that should be produced from a material that has good heat conductivity, for example, a metal or a metal alloy.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
US13/391,452 2009-09-04 2010-08-23 Device for building ventilation Abandoned US20120193073A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009040107A DE102009040107A1 (de) 2009-09-04 2009-09-04 Vorrichtung zur Gebäudebelüftung
DE102009040107.5 2009-09-04
PCT/EP2010/062239 WO2011026753A1 (de) 2009-09-04 2010-08-23 Vorrichtung zur gebäudebelüftung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20120193073A1 true US20120193073A1 (en) 2012-08-02

Family

ID=43066023

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/391,452 Abandoned US20120193073A1 (en) 2009-09-04 2010-08-23 Device for building ventilation

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US20120193073A1 (ru)
EP (2) EP2930445B1 (ru)
CA (1) CA2771460A1 (ru)
DE (2) DE102009040107A1 (ru)
DK (1) DK2473790T3 (ru)
EA (1) EA021688B1 (ru)
PL (2) PL2930445T3 (ru)
SI (1) SI2473790T1 (ru)
UA (1) UA109261C2 (ru)
WO (1) WO2011026753A1 (ru)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT515179B1 (de) 2013-12-12 2015-08-15 Josef Glaser Fenster oder Türen mit Wärmetauscher-Lüftungssystem
RU192882U1 (ru) * 2019-08-08 2019-10-04 Андрей Юрьевич Баннов Вентиляционный клапан приточной вентиляции

Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3623549A (en) * 1970-08-14 1971-11-30 Smitherm Industries Heat exchange methods and apparatus
US4333517A (en) * 1979-07-10 1982-06-08 James Parro Heat exchange method using natural flow of heat exchange medium
DE3219450A1 (de) * 1982-05-24 1984-01-12 Johann B. 6530 Bingen Pfeifer Waermepumpen-einbauteil fuer gebaeudeoeffnungen, insbesondere fenster und tueren, auch von fahrzeugen oder dergl.
DE3248227A1 (de) * 1982-12-27 1984-06-28 Markus 8350 Plattling Schmalhofer Umlaufende einfassung fuer tueren oder fenster, sowie kastenbauteil, insbesondere rolladenkasten, zur verwendung oberhalb der einfassung
US4476922A (en) * 1981-10-26 1984-10-16 Heilig Jr Glenn M Forced bilateral thermosiphon loop
US5333677A (en) * 1974-04-02 1994-08-02 Stephen Molivadas Evacuated two-phase head-transfer systems
US5921315A (en) * 1995-06-07 1999-07-13 Heat Pipe Technology, Inc. Three-dimensional heat pipe
US6116035A (en) * 1995-09-08 2000-09-12 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Heat transfer device
US20030159802A1 (en) * 2000-05-02 2003-08-28 Bengt Steneby Ventilation device
US6804975B2 (en) * 2001-11-30 2004-10-19 Choon-Kyoung Park Air conditioning apparatus
US7322401B2 (en) * 2004-05-27 2008-01-29 Lg Electronics Inc. Ventilator
US7837127B2 (en) * 2003-05-23 2010-11-23 Kristinsson-Reitsema B.V. Ventilation system
US8033322B1 (en) * 2008-11-07 2011-10-11 Trent Richard W Split heat recovery system
US8096294B1 (en) * 2008-10-08 2012-01-17 Jenkins Richard D Spa water heating apparatus and method
US8464783B2 (en) * 2006-03-10 2013-06-18 Mikael Nutsos Method and arrangement for optimizing heat transfer properties in heat exchange ventilation systems

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7813587U1 (de) * 1978-05-05 1978-08-24 Deutschmeister Bauelemente Gmbh, 6990 Bad Mergentheim Rolladenkasten fuer ein fenster, eine tuer o.dgl.
DE3032021C2 (de) * 1980-08-25 1982-05-19 Rudolf 4730 Ahlen Bömer Be- und Entlüftungsfenster
DE3347028A1 (de) * 1983-12-24 1985-07-04 Greschbach Industrie GmbH & Co, 7834 Herbolzheim Fenster
JPS60259848A (ja) * 1984-06-05 1985-12-21 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 換気装置
DE4344292A1 (de) * 1993-12-23 1995-06-29 Gartner & Co J Fenster
DE19752019A1 (de) * 1997-11-24 1999-05-27 Andreas Geisl Belüftungsvorrichtung und Belüftungssystem
EP1640552A1 (en) * 2004-09-15 2006-03-29 Fiberline A/S A window and a window frame
DE102005008565A1 (de) * 2005-02-23 2006-09-14 Heinz Schilling Kg Wärmerückgewinnungssystem mit Nachtkältegewinnung
FR2896855B1 (fr) * 2006-01-31 2008-07-18 Aldes Aeraulique Sa Procede et systeme de ventilation d'une zone d'un batiment, et dispositif d'obturation d'une ouverture comprenant un tel systeme de ventilation

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3623549A (en) * 1970-08-14 1971-11-30 Smitherm Industries Heat exchange methods and apparatus
US5333677A (en) * 1974-04-02 1994-08-02 Stephen Molivadas Evacuated two-phase head-transfer systems
US4333517A (en) * 1979-07-10 1982-06-08 James Parro Heat exchange method using natural flow of heat exchange medium
US4476922A (en) * 1981-10-26 1984-10-16 Heilig Jr Glenn M Forced bilateral thermosiphon loop
DE3219450A1 (de) * 1982-05-24 1984-01-12 Johann B. 6530 Bingen Pfeifer Waermepumpen-einbauteil fuer gebaeudeoeffnungen, insbesondere fenster und tueren, auch von fahrzeugen oder dergl.
DE3248227A1 (de) * 1982-12-27 1984-06-28 Markus 8350 Plattling Schmalhofer Umlaufende einfassung fuer tueren oder fenster, sowie kastenbauteil, insbesondere rolladenkasten, zur verwendung oberhalb der einfassung
US5921315A (en) * 1995-06-07 1999-07-13 Heat Pipe Technology, Inc. Three-dimensional heat pipe
US6116035A (en) * 1995-09-08 2000-09-12 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Heat transfer device
US20030159802A1 (en) * 2000-05-02 2003-08-28 Bengt Steneby Ventilation device
US6804975B2 (en) * 2001-11-30 2004-10-19 Choon-Kyoung Park Air conditioning apparatus
US7837127B2 (en) * 2003-05-23 2010-11-23 Kristinsson-Reitsema B.V. Ventilation system
US7322401B2 (en) * 2004-05-27 2008-01-29 Lg Electronics Inc. Ventilator
US8464783B2 (en) * 2006-03-10 2013-06-18 Mikael Nutsos Method and arrangement for optimizing heat transfer properties in heat exchange ventilation systems
US8096294B1 (en) * 2008-10-08 2012-01-17 Jenkins Richard D Spa water heating apparatus and method
US8033322B1 (en) * 2008-11-07 2011-10-11 Trent Richard W Split heat recovery system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2473790A1 (de) 2012-07-11
EP2930445A1 (de) 2015-10-14
CA2771460A1 (en) 2011-03-10
EA021688B1 (ru) 2015-08-31
UA109261C2 (ru) 2015-08-10
EP2930445B1 (de) 2017-10-11
DK2473790T3 (en) 2015-07-06
EP2473790B1 (de) 2015-04-15
DE202009018908U1 (de) 2014-07-09
WO2011026753A1 (de) 2011-03-10
PL2930445T3 (pl) 2018-05-30
SI2473790T1 (sl) 2015-08-31
PL2473790T3 (pl) 2015-08-31
EA201200420A1 (ru) 2012-10-30
DE102009040107A1 (de) 2011-03-10

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AS Assignment

Owner name: ULRICH STIELER KUNSTSTOFFSERVICE E.K., GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:STIELER, ULRICH;REEL/FRAME:027934/0354

Effective date: 20120314

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION