US20120174598A1 - Method for the commencement diagnosis of a heat storage material - Google Patents

Method for the commencement diagnosis of a heat storage material Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120174598A1
US20120174598A1 US13/343,033 US201213343033A US2012174598A1 US 20120174598 A1 US20120174598 A1 US 20120174598A1 US 201213343033 A US201213343033 A US 201213343033A US 2012174598 A1 US2012174598 A1 US 2012174598A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
heat storage
storage material
current
peltier element
commencement
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Abandoned
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US13/343,033
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English (en)
Inventor
Henrick Brandes
Lutz Rauchfuss
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Assigned to ROBERT BOSCH GMBH reassignment ROBERT BOSCH GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: RAUCHFUSS, LUTZ, BRANDES, HENRICK
Publication of US20120174598A1 publication Critical patent/US20120174598A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/028—Control arrangements therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/15—Power, e.g. by voltage or current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • crystallization nucleus there are various salt hydrates which can form super-cooled melts and are therefore suitable for low-loss heat storage.
  • a crystallization nucleus is necessary.
  • the provision of the crystallization nucleus can be carried out in various ways.
  • the crystallization nucleus can be provided in the form of a cold finger, with this finger being continuously kept so cold in a region in the heat storage material so that the heat storage material never melts completely and a crystallization nucleus thus remains continually.
  • DE 103 03 498 A1 relates to an apparatus and a method for cooling the heat material of a latent heat store.
  • the apparatus comprises a Peltier element which is controlled by a temperature sensor. When a first predetermined temperature is exceeded, the Peltier element cools the heat material in its environment. If a second predetermined temperature is exceeded, the further supply of heat is interrupted. Parts of the latent heat storage material are locally maintained at a lower temperature level.
  • the power supply of a single-stage or multistage Peltier element used for cooling be provided with at least one current sensor and the profile of the current be measured, analyzed and evaluated.
  • Peltier elements made of, for example, bismuth telluride Bi 2 Te 3 are supplied with a constant operating voltage, heat flow and current decrease with increasing temperature difference between the hot side and the cold side of the Peltier element.
  • a latent heat storage material which is generally a phase change material (PCM)
  • PCM phase change material
  • thermoelectrically active materials for example BiSb, PbTE, SIGE, CoSb 3 -based skutterudites and similar materials, are used for generating a temperature difference.
  • the current can follow different profiles. In the extreme case, the current could initially increase and would drop again on commencement of the crystallization process.
  • a common feature when heat begins to be released by the heat storage material is the discontinuity in the current profile, which can be detected, taking into account a thermal delay, at the current sensor of the Peltier element.
  • the method proposed according to the invention or the Peltier element which has been modified according to the invention can be used as diagnosis unit for a latent heat store both in stationary operation, for example in the case of solar heat stores, and also in the mobile sector, for example in comfort heaters, stores for shortening the warming-up time in vehicles.
  • a latent heat store both in stationary operation, for example in the case of solar heat stores, and also in the mobile sector, for example in comfort heaters, stores for shortening the warming-up time in vehicles.
  • salt hydrates as heat storage materials
  • FIG. 1 shows a profile of the current in a Peltier element at the commencement of the release of heat by a heat store by means of local supercooling
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the components of an arrangement for measuring the profile of the current as per FIG. 1 in a Peltier element.
  • FIG. 1 shows the profile of the current at the commencement of crystallization of a heat storage material, in particular a phase change material of a latent heat storage material, for example a salt hydrate.
  • the method proposed according to the invention is a commencement diagnosis for a phase change material (PCM) by evaluation of the current gradient.
  • PCM phase change material
  • Peltier elements which are made, for example, of bismuth telluride Bi 2 Te 3 and are operated at a constant operating voltage that heat flow and current I decrease with increasing temperature difference between hot side and cold side. This can clearly be seen in the current decrease 16 in the graph of FIG. 1 .
  • crystallization commences in the heat storage material, in particular the phase change material used therein, at a crystallization point in time t K , cf. reference numeral 22 in FIG. 1 .
  • the temperature within the heat storage material, in particular the phase change material increases rapidly.
  • the temperature difference between the hot side and the cold side of the Peltier element therefore decreases again and the local minimum 20 shown in FIG. 1 , i.e. a discontinuity in the power uptake by the Peltier element, occurs. This discontinuity, which is encircled in FIG.
  • a temperature sensor represents a local minimum 20 which detects the commencement of crystallization in the heat storage material, i.e. in the phase change material of the latent heat storage material, and can be utilized for diagnosis of the successful commencement of crystallization.
  • the use of a temperature sensor is therefore no longer necessary.
  • commencement of crystallization 22 at the point in time t K′ and the associated commencement of release of heat by the heat storage material, in particular the phase change material, leads to a temperature increase 18 in the heat storage material which progresses rapidly and leads, cf. the graph in FIG. 1 , to the increase 18 in current which follows the achievement of the local minimum 20 , i.e. said discontinuity in the current curve 10 .
  • thermoelectrically active materials are used for generating a temperature difference, different profiles 10 of the current I can occur. In the extreme case, an increasing current would firstly be observed and this would decrease again on commencement of the crystallization process.
  • the characteristic of a heat storage material 40 in particular a phase change material, that the commencement of the liberation of heat by this material is associated with a discontinuity in the current profile of a Peltier element 32 which locally supercools the heat storage material 40 , where this discontinuity can be detected, taking into account a thermal delay, at at least one current sensor 30 arranged in the power supply to the single-stage or multistage Peltier element 32 , is exploited.
  • heat storage material 40 phase change material
  • paraffins, carbonates and also fluorides paraffins, carbonates and also fluorides.
  • the heat storage materials used all have to meet the requirement that they are a supercoolable heat storage material.
  • the supercoolability of the heat storage material used is the key requirement for usability of the material.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic arrangement of a latent heat store 38 having a heat storage material 40 , in particular a phase change material (PCM), a Peltier element 32 which generates local supercooling and in whose power supply at least one current sensor is installed.
  • a latent heat store 38 having a heat storage material 40 , in particular a phase change material (PCM), a Peltier element 32 which generates local supercooling and in whose power supply at least one current sensor is installed.
  • PCM phase change material
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the components of an arrangement for detecting a discontinuity in the current profile of a Peltier element.
  • a Peltier element 32 is arranged between the latent heat store 38 and a heat dissipation device 34 —here indicated roughly by finning.
  • At least one current sensor 30 is located in a control line 44 which extends from a control device 42 to the single-stage or multistage Peltier element 32 .
  • the current profile established in the Peltier element 32 in particular the discontinuity depicted in FIG. 1 , cf. position 14 in FIG. 1 , can be measured by means of this at least one current sensor 30 .
  • the heat storage material 40 which is a supercoolable heat storage material, is present in the latent heat store 38 , where the salt hydrate can in principle be any supercoolable liquid, i.e.
  • heat including high-purity water, paraffins, carbonates, fluorides and the like.
  • the heat storage material 40 which is a phase change material
  • FIG. 2 An entry side of the heat exchanger 36 indicated schematically in FIG. 2 is denoted by position 46 , and an exit of the heat exchanger 36 is indicated by position 48 .
  • a discontinuity 14 established in the current profile 10 as per FIG. 1 can be detected by means of the arrangement depicted in FIG. 2 since at least one current sensor 30 is arranged in the control line 44 which extends from the control device 42 to the single-stage or multistage Peltier element 32 .
  • This current sensor makes it possible to detect the current profile 10 in the Peltier element 32 , so that a discontinuity in the profile of the current can be measured, analyzed and evaluated.
  • the Peltier element 32 is, for example, a Peltier element which is made of bismuth telluride Bi 2 Te 3 and is operated at constant operating voltage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
US13/343,033 2011-01-04 2012-01-04 Method for the commencement diagnosis of a heat storage material Abandoned US20120174598A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011002424A DE102011002424B4 (de) 2011-01-04 2011-01-04 Verfahren zur Startdiagnose eines Wärmespeichermaterials
DE102011002424.7-52 2011-01-04

Publications (1)

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US20120174598A1 true US20120174598A1 (en) 2012-07-12

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US (1) US20120174598A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2472209A2 (de)
DE (1) DE102011002424B4 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150198359A1 (en) * 2012-09-14 2015-07-16 Whirlpool Corporation Phase change materials for refrigeration and ice making
FR3027244A1 (fr) * 2014-10-15 2016-04-22 Thales Sa Systeme de decoupe ou de perforation a distance
US11378345B2 (en) 2017-06-01 2022-07-05 Sunamp Limited Active crystallisation control in phase change material thermal storage systems

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014208616A1 (de) 2014-05-08 2015-11-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Wärmespeichervorrichtung und Verfahren zum Auslösen einer Kristallisation eines Wärmespeichermaterials
JP2020112070A (ja) * 2019-01-10 2020-07-27 いすゞ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の蓄熱装置

Citations (17)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4270600A (en) * 1978-06-16 1981-06-02 Saint-Gobain Industries Accumulator of energy for conversion to heat
US4297739A (en) * 1979-07-30 1981-10-27 Goldin Rodion G Device for exciting synchronous machine
US4461153A (en) * 1980-11-24 1984-07-24 Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchanstalt fur Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Method and apparatus for inoculating crystallization seeds into a liquid latent heat storage substance
US4474015A (en) * 1982-10-18 1984-10-02 Planer Products Limited Method of and apparatus for the controlled cooling of a product
US5014553A (en) * 1986-02-12 1991-05-14 Snow Brand Milk Products Co., Ltd. Method for measuring the state of a fluid
US5079618A (en) * 1990-06-12 1992-01-07 Micron Technology, Inc. Semiconductor device structures cooled by Peltier junctions and electrical interconnect assemblies
JPH06281372A (ja) * 1993-03-30 1994-10-07 Mazda Motor Corp 潜熱蓄熱機の発核装置
US5654546A (en) * 1995-11-07 1997-08-05 Molecular Imaging Corporation Variable temperature scanning probe microscope based on a peltier device
US5690849A (en) * 1996-02-27 1997-11-25 Thermotek, Inc. Current control circuit for improved power application and control of thermoelectric devices
US20060086096A1 (en) * 2004-10-22 2006-04-27 Nanocoolers, Inc. Thermoelectric cooling and/or moderation of transient thermal load using phase change material
US20080202214A1 (en) * 2007-02-22 2008-08-28 M-I L.L.C. Crystallization point automated test apparatus
US20090044544A1 (en) * 2006-02-15 2009-02-19 Lg Electronics Inc. Refrigerator
US7508671B2 (en) * 2003-10-10 2009-03-24 Intel Corporation Computer system having controlled cooling
US7567420B2 (en) * 2004-04-08 2009-07-28 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Electrostatically atomizing device
US20090195980A1 (en) * 2008-01-31 2009-08-06 Yu-Yun Shih Thermoelectric cooler controller
US20100198204A1 (en) * 2007-01-11 2010-08-05 Rogers Lesco L Medical devices incorporating thermoelectric transducer and controller
US20100290184A1 (en) * 2009-05-18 2010-11-18 Fujitsu Limited Temperature control apparatus, information processing apparatus and method for temperature control

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10303498A1 (de) * 2003-01-30 2004-08-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Kühlung des Wärmematerials eines Latentwärmespeichers
DE102007013779A1 (de) * 2007-03-22 2008-09-25 Gea Happel Klimatechnik Produktions- Und Servicegesellschaft Mbh Vorrichtung zum Kühlen oder Heizen von Luft
AT509274B1 (de) * 2009-12-18 2012-01-15 Xolar Renewable Energy Gmbh Latentwärmespeicher mit rührwerk

Patent Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4270600A (en) * 1978-06-16 1981-06-02 Saint-Gobain Industries Accumulator of energy for conversion to heat
US4297739A (en) * 1979-07-30 1981-10-27 Goldin Rodion G Device for exciting synchronous machine
US4461153A (en) * 1980-11-24 1984-07-24 Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchanstalt fur Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Method and apparatus for inoculating crystallization seeds into a liquid latent heat storage substance
US4474015A (en) * 1982-10-18 1984-10-02 Planer Products Limited Method of and apparatus for the controlled cooling of a product
US5014553A (en) * 1986-02-12 1991-05-14 Snow Brand Milk Products Co., Ltd. Method for measuring the state of a fluid
US5079618A (en) * 1990-06-12 1992-01-07 Micron Technology, Inc. Semiconductor device structures cooled by Peltier junctions and electrical interconnect assemblies
JPH06281372A (ja) * 1993-03-30 1994-10-07 Mazda Motor Corp 潜熱蓄熱機の発核装置
US5654546A (en) * 1995-11-07 1997-08-05 Molecular Imaging Corporation Variable temperature scanning probe microscope based on a peltier device
US5690849A (en) * 1996-02-27 1997-11-25 Thermotek, Inc. Current control circuit for improved power application and control of thermoelectric devices
US7508671B2 (en) * 2003-10-10 2009-03-24 Intel Corporation Computer system having controlled cooling
US7567420B2 (en) * 2004-04-08 2009-07-28 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Electrostatically atomizing device
US20060086096A1 (en) * 2004-10-22 2006-04-27 Nanocoolers, Inc. Thermoelectric cooling and/or moderation of transient thermal load using phase change material
US20090044544A1 (en) * 2006-02-15 2009-02-19 Lg Electronics Inc. Refrigerator
US20100198204A1 (en) * 2007-01-11 2010-08-05 Rogers Lesco L Medical devices incorporating thermoelectric transducer and controller
US20080202214A1 (en) * 2007-02-22 2008-08-28 M-I L.L.C. Crystallization point automated test apparatus
US20090195980A1 (en) * 2008-01-31 2009-08-06 Yu-Yun Shih Thermoelectric cooler controller
US20100290184A1 (en) * 2009-05-18 2010-11-18 Fujitsu Limited Temperature control apparatus, information processing apparatus and method for temperature control

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150198359A1 (en) * 2012-09-14 2015-07-16 Whirlpool Corporation Phase change materials for refrigeration and ice making
US9528730B2 (en) * 2012-09-14 2016-12-27 Whirlpool Corporation Phase change materials for refrigeration and ice making
US10107542B2 (en) 2012-09-14 2018-10-23 Whirlpool Corporation Phase change materials for refrigeration and ice making
FR3027244A1 (fr) * 2014-10-15 2016-04-22 Thales Sa Systeme de decoupe ou de perforation a distance
US11378345B2 (en) 2017-06-01 2022-07-05 Sunamp Limited Active crystallisation control in phase change material thermal storage systems

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DE102011002424B4 (de) 2013-03-14
DE102011002424A1 (de) 2012-07-05

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