US20120125354A1 - Fire-Cured Tobacco Extract and Tobacco Products Made Therefrom - Google Patents

Fire-Cured Tobacco Extract and Tobacco Products Made Therefrom Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120125354A1
US20120125354A1 US12/949,361 US94936110A US2012125354A1 US 20120125354 A1 US20120125354 A1 US 20120125354A1 US 94936110 A US94936110 A US 94936110A US 2012125354 A1 US2012125354 A1 US 2012125354A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
tobacco
fire
extract
cured
benzo
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Abandoned
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US12/949,361
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English (en)
Inventor
Crystal Dawn Hege Byrd
William Monroe Coleman, III
Michael Francis Dube
Anthony Richard Gerardi
Eric Taylor Hunt
Darrell Eugene Holton, JR.
Charles Bradford Rhoades, Jr.
Jack Gray Flinchum, JR.
Dwayne William Beeson
Jeremy Barrett Mabe
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RJ Reynolds Tobacco Co
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RJ Reynolds Tobacco Co
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Application filed by RJ Reynolds Tobacco Co filed Critical RJ Reynolds Tobacco Co
Priority to US12/949,361 priority Critical patent/US20120125354A1/en
Assigned to R. J. REYNOLDS TOBACCO COMPANY reassignment R. J. REYNOLDS TOBACCO COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DUBE, MICHAEL FRANCIS, BEESON, DWAYNE WILLIAM, BYRD, CRYSTAL DAWN HEGE, FLINCHUM, JACK GRAY, JR., GERARDI, ANTHONY RICHARD, HOLTON, DARRELL EUGENE, JR., HUNT, ERIC TAYLOR, MABE, JEREMY BARRETT, RHOADES, CHARLES BRADFORD, JR., COLEMAN, WILLIAM MONROE, III
Priority to JP2013540015A priority patent/JP6106595B2/ja
Priority to EP11793591.6A priority patent/EP2640204B1/en
Priority to CN201180062223.5A priority patent/CN103369978B/zh
Priority to ES11793591.6T priority patent/ES2515716T3/es
Priority to PCT/US2011/061189 priority patent/WO2012068375A1/en
Priority to US13/423,519 priority patent/US20120199145A1/en
Publication of US20120125354A1 publication Critical patent/US20120125354A1/en
Priority to US17/351,915 priority patent/US20210337857A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/24—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by extraction; Tobacco extracts

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to products made or derived from tobacco, or that otherwise incorporate tobacco, and are intended for human consumption.
  • the disclosure relates to compositions or formulations incorporating tobacco, such as those intended to be employed in a smokeless form.
  • Cigarettes, cigars, and pipes are popular smoking articles that employ tobacco in various forms. Such smoking articles are employed by heating or burning tobacco to generate aerosol (e.g., smoke) that may be inhaled by the smoker. Tobacco may also be enjoyed in a so-called “smokeless” form. Particularly popular smokeless tobacco products are employed by inserting some form of processed tobacco or tobacco-containing formulation into the mouth of the user. See for example, the types of smokeless tobacco formulations, ingredients, and processing methodologies set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,376,586 to Schwartz; 3,696,917 to Levi; 4,513,756 to Pittman et al.; 4,528,993 to Sensabaugh, Jr.
  • smokeless tobacco product is referred to as “snuff.”
  • Representative types of moist snuff products are manufactured in the United States and Europe, particularly in Sweden. See, for example, Bryzgalov et al., 1N1800 Life Cycle Assessment, Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of General Loose and Portion Snus (2005).
  • certain quality standards associated with snus manufacture have been assembled as a so-called GothiaTek standard.
  • Exemplary smokeless tobacco products include CAMEL Snus, CAMEL Orbs, CAMEL Strips and CAMEL Sticks by R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company; REVEL Mint Tobacco Packs and SKOAL Snus by U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company; and MARLBORO Snus and Taboka by Philip Morris USA.
  • additives or treatment processes have been utilized in order to alter the chemistry or sensory properties of the tobacco material, or in the case of smokable tobacco materials, to alter the chemistry or sensory properties of mainstream smoke generated by smoking articles including the tobacco material.
  • tobacco materials have been processed or blended in a manner designed to achieve certain sensory or chemistry characteristics. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,025,066 to Lawson et al. and US Pat. Pub. No. 2008/0245377 to Marshall et al., which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the present invention relates to a tobacco product, such as a smokeless tobacco product (e.g., moist snuff, dry snuff, chewing tobacco, tobacco-containing gums, and dissolvable or meltable tobacco products) intended or configured for insertion into the mouth of a user, and to processes for preparing a formulation suitable for use within such a tobacco product.
  • a tobacco product such as a smokeless tobacco product (e.g., moist snuff, dry snuff, chewing tobacco, tobacco-containing gums, and dissolvable or meltable tobacco products) intended or configured for insertion into the mouth of a user, and to processes for preparing a formulation suitable for use within such a tobacco product.
  • the tobacco products of the invention include a flavorful tobacco composition such as one having the form of a fire-cured tobacco extract.
  • the invention provides fire-cured tobacco extracts that exhibit distinctive sensory characteristics associated with fire-cured tobacco (e.g., smoky aroma or flavor), while also exhibiting advantageous chemical composition differences as compared to fire-cured tobacco in whole form, such as reduced levels of benzo[a]pyrene or other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • distinctive sensory characteristics associated with fire-cured tobacco e.g., smoky aroma or flavor
  • advantageous chemical composition differences as compared to fire-cured tobacco in whole form, such as reduced levels of benzo[a]pyrene or other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • the extract is typically an aqueous extract of the cured tobacco material, but certain other polar protic solvents or co-solvent mixtures that include water can be used without departing from the invention.
  • concentration of benzo[a]pyrene in the extract is typically no more than about 10 ppb and often no more than about 5 ppb.
  • smokeless tobacco composition are particularly important types of tobacco products that would benefit from the extracts of the invention
  • other tobacco products can also benefit from such flavorful tobacco compositions, such as smoking articles (e.g., cigarettes) or aerosol-generating devices that contain tobacco or tobacco components but which do not combust tobacco or other plant material.
  • the tobacco product will comprise a tobacco material or a non-tobacco plant material as a carrier for the extract.
  • the extract of the invention is used to form a reconstituted tobacco material.
  • a material can include the extract of the invention (e.g., a fire-cured tobacco extract) combined with an extracted tobacco pulp (e.g., a fire-cured tobacco pulp), wherein the pulp has been pre-treated to reduce benzo[a]pyrene concentration.
  • the invention provides a method of producing a flavorful tobacco composition characterized by sensory attributes associated with a fire-cured tobacco material and a reduced benzo[a]pyrene concentration.
  • the method includes the step of mixing a fire-cured tobacco material having a first benzo[a]pyrene concentration (e.g., at least about 100 ppb benzo[a]pyrene) with a polar protic solvent (e.g., water or co-solvent mixtures including water) to produce a slurry, the slurry providing intimate contact between the fire-cured tobacco material and the polar protic solvent.
  • a first benzo[a]pyrene concentration e.g., at least about 100 ppb benzo[a]pyrene
  • a polar protic solvent e.g., water or co-solvent mixtures including water
  • the method also includes maintaining the slurry for a time and at a temperature sufficient to form an extract comprising components of the cured tobacco material soluble in the polar protic solvent, the extract exhibiting a second benzo[a]pyrene concentration (e.g., less than about 10 ppb benzo[a]pyrene) lower than the first benzo[a]pyrene concentration. Thereafter, the extract is separated from a residual pulp material comprising components of the fire-cured tobacco material that are insoluble in the polar protic solvent.
  • a second benzo[a]pyrene concentration e.g., less than about 10 ppb benzo[a]pyrene
  • the method typically also includes the step of utilizing the extract as a flavorful tobacco composition by, for example, introducing the separated extract into a tobacco product, which will often involve applying the separated extract to a tobacco material or non-tobacco plant material to form a treated material that can then be incorporated into a tobacco product.
  • the extract is recombined with the extracted pulp following treatment of the pulp to reduce benzo[a]pyrene content, such as a second extraction of the pulp adapted to remove benzo[a]pyrene.
  • the extract can be concentrated by removing at least a portion of the solvent prior to incorporation into a tobacco product.
  • the invention provides a process for preparing a composition suitable for use as a smokeless tobacco composition, comprising: mixing a fire-cured tobacco material having a first benzo[a]pyrene concentration with water to produce an aqueous slurry, the slurry providing intimate contact between the fire-cured tobacco material and the water; maintaining the slurry for a time and at a temperature sufficient to form a fire-cured tobacco extract comprising flavorful and aromatic components of the fire-cured tobacco material soluble in water, the aqueous fire-cured tobacco extract exhibiting a second benzo[a]pyrene concentration lower than the first benzo[a]pyrene concentration; separating the aqueous fire-cured tobacco extract from a residual pulp material comprising components of the fire-cured tobacco material that are insoluble in water; and mixing the aqueous fire-cured tobacco extract with a tobacco or non-tobacco plant material to form a smokeless tobacco composition.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a smoking article having the form of a cigarette, showing the smokable material, the wrapping material components, and the filter element of the cigarette;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a smokeless tobacco product embodiment, taken across the width of the product, showing an outer pouch filled with a smokeless tobacco composition of the invention.
  • the present invention provides a process for preparing a flavorful tobacco composition it the form of a tobacco extract.
  • the extracts of the invention provide a tobacco composition having advantageous sensory characteristics combined with a reduced amount of certain compounds found in the unextracted tobacco material.
  • the process of the invention is particularly useful for forming an extract of a fire-cured tobacco material, although it can be applied to other tobacco materials such as tobacco cured using other curing techniques (e.g., air-cured tobacco materials).
  • a “fire-cured tobacco” as used herein refers to a tobacco material subjected to a fire curing process. In fire curing, tobacco leaves are exposed to gaseous combustion products from an open fire in the curing enclosure, typically for several weeks, resulting in a distinctive smoky aroma and flavor.
  • fire-cured tobacco can also be described in some cases as woody, sweet, nutty, spicy, earthy, or sour.
  • the fire used for such curing processes is typically characterized as low-burning or smoldering, meaning the fire is maintained in a state that promotes smoke production.
  • Fire cured tobaccos are sometimes referred to as “dark fire” or “dark-fired” tobacco. See, for example, the fire-curing processes and resulting tobacco characteristics set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,650,891 and 7,650,892, both to Groves et al., and 7,757,697 to Thomas et al., all of which are incorporated by reference herein. See also, pages 164-182 of Tobacco Production, Chemistry and Technology , Davis et al. (Eds.) (1999).
  • the present invention provides a treatment process that separates at least a portion of the components of the fire-cured tobacco that provide the distinctive sensory characteristics (i.e., smoky aroma and flavor) from at least a portion of the components of the fire-cured tobacco that do not contribute to a significant degree to the desired and distinctive sensory characteristics.
  • the invention provides a separation process that selectively extracts components of fire-cured tobacco that are desirable from a sensory standpoint, but leaves behind at least a portion of those components that are not necessary or desirable from a sensory standpoint.
  • an extract can be formed in certain embodiments that is characterized by the desirable sensory attributes (e.g., smoky aroma and flavor) associated with fire-cured tobacco, but with an altered chemistry profile that includes reduction in certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons typically found in fire-cured tobacco, such as benzo[a]pyrene (i.e., BaP).
  • desirable sensory attributes e.g., smoky aroma and flavor
  • BaP benzo[a]pyrene
  • Fire-cured tobacco extracts containing reduced levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons enable the production of smoking articles and smokeless tobacco compositions that exhibit the desirable sensory characteristics of fire-cured tobacco, but with reduced content of compounds not associated with the desirable sensory properties, such as BaP. It is noted that sensory characteristics of a composition can be evaluated using human sensory panels as is understood in the art.
  • a typical BaP range for a fire-cured tobacco is about 150 to about 800 parts by billion (ppb).
  • fire-cured tobacco extracts can be formed with significantly lower BaP levels, such as less than about 10 ppb, less than about 5 ppb, or even less than about 1 ppb.
  • the amount of BaP reduction that occurs during the extraction process of the invention can be characterized as a reduction of at least about 90 percent by weight of the content of BaP in the original unextracted tobacco material, more often at least about 95 percent or at least about 99 percent.
  • the cured tobacco material e.g., fire-cured tobacco
  • the cured tobacco material has a BaP concentration of at least about 100 ppb, more often at least about 150 ppb, or even at least about 200 ppb or at least about 300 ppb.
  • the separated extract exhibits a much lower BaP concentration, such as a concentration of no more than about 10 ppb, or no more than about 5 ppb, or no more than about 1 ppb.
  • the method involves extracting BaP from a tobacco material with methanol or a relatively non-polar solvent such as hexane, cyclohexane or methylene chloride. The extract is then filtered and analyzed using a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method with fluorescence detection or a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique.
  • HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography
  • GC-MS Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  • the fire-cured tobacco used in the process of the invention can include those tobacco materials commonly utilized in fire curing, such as Narrow Leaf Madole, Improved Madole, Tom Rosson Madole, Newton's VH Madole, Little Crittenden, Green Wood, Little Wood, Small Stalk Black Mammoth, DT 508, DT 518, DT 592, KY 171, DF 911, DF 485, TN D94, TN D950, VA 309, and VA 359.
  • tobacco materials commonly utilized in fire curing such as Narrow Leaf Madole, Improved Madole, Tom Rosson Madole, Newton's VH Madole, Little Crittenden, Green Wood, Little Wood, Small Stalk Black Mammoth, DT 508, DT 518, DT 592, KY 171, DF 911, DF 485, TN D94, TN D950, VA 309, and VA 359.
  • any tobacco material could be used without departing from the invention, including those tobaccos commonly referred to as flue-cured or Virginia (e.g., K326), burley, sun-cured (e.g., Indian Kurnool and Oriental tobaccos, including Katerini, Prelip, Komotini, Xanthi and Yambol tobaccos), Maryland, dark, dark air cured (e.g., Passanda, Cubano, Jatin and Bezuki tobaccos), light air cured (e.g., North Wisconsin and Galpao tobaccos), Indian air cured, Red Russian and Rustica tobaccos, as well as various other rare or specialty tobaccos.
  • flue-cured or Virginia e.g., K326)
  • burley sun-cured
  • Indian Kurnool and Oriental tobaccos including Katerini, Prelip, Komotini, Xanthi and Yambol tobaccos
  • Maryland dark, dark air cured (e.g., Passanda, Cubano, Jatin and Bezuki tobaccos),
  • tobacco varieties that are typically cured through curing processes other than fire curing such as flue-curing or air-curing, are utilized in the extraction process of the invention. If desired, such tobacco materials can be optionally cured using a fire curing treatment instead of the traditional curing process used for such materials.
  • Nicotiana species of material used in the invention could also vary.
  • Nicotiana species include N. acaulis, N. acuminata, N. attenuata, N. benthamiana, N. cavicola, N. clevelandii, N. cordifolia, N. corymbosa, N.
  • the Nicotiana species can be derived using genetic-modification or crossbreeding techniques (e.g., tobacco plants can be genetically engineered or crossbred to increase or decrease production of certain components or to otherwise change certain characteristics or attributes). See, for example, the types of genetic modifications of plants set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • At least a portion of the plant of the Nicotiana species can be employed in an immature form or in a mature form.
  • the tobacco material used in the invention can also be subjected to aging conditions.
  • a tobacco material of any of the types noted above is harvested and subjected to a curing process, such as a fire curing process.
  • the resulting cured tobacco is then subjected to an extraction process using certain polar protic solvents, such as water, formic acid, acetic acid, dilute aqueous solutions (e.g., solutions comprising greater than 70 weight percent water and minor amounts of an alcohol or other co-solvent), or mixtures thereof.
  • the solvent typically has a dielectric constant at room temperature of at least about 6, more often at least about 30, and most often at least about 50.
  • Solvents having an aqueous character are particularly useful, such as deionized water, distilled water, or tap water. Such a solvent consists primarily of water, is normally greater than 90 weight percent water, and can be essentially pure water in certain circumstances.
  • the extraction solvent can be a co-solvent mixture, such as a mixture of water and minor amounts of one or more solvents that are miscible therewith.
  • An example of such a co-solvent mixture is a solvent consisting of about 95 weight parts water and about 5 weight parts ethanol.
  • the extraction solvent also can include water having substances such as pH adjusters (i.e., acids or bases) or pH buffers dissolved therein.
  • the extraction process involves placing the tobacco material in intimate contact with the solvent at a suitable temperature and for a suitable time period.
  • the temperature of the extraction can vary, but a typical temperature range is about room temperature to about 110° C., more often about 30° C. to about 90° C.
  • the temperature of the extraction step can be characterized as at least about 20° C., at least about 30° C., at least about 50° C., or at least about 60° C. It may be advisable to use a relatively low temperature for the extraction process to prevent or reduce volatilization of the flavorful or aromatic compounds that are the primary targets of the extraction process.
  • the time period for the extraction step can vary, but is typically about 10 minutes to about 24 hours, more often about 1 hour to about 12 hours.
  • the time period is not considered particularly critical to the invention, although very short extraction time periods may not result in extraction of a large proportion of the extractable component of the tobacco material.
  • the amount of solvent used in the extraction process can vary, but will typically be sufficient to place the tobacco material in the form of a slurry.
  • the solvent is typically the predominate component of the tobacco/solvent mixture and is often present in great excess compared to the tobacco component.
  • Weight ratios of solvent to tobacco material will typically range from about 2:1 to about 20:1 (e.g., about 4:1 to about 12:1), although other ratios (particularly even larger ratios) could be used without departing from the invention.
  • the use of smaller amounts of water or other solvent could be advantageous because less drying would be required if the extract must be concentrated prior to use.
  • weight ratios of solvent to tobacco material of less than about 5:1 or less than about 4:1 during extraction could be a useful technique to reduce or eliminate the need to dry or otherwise concentrate the resulting extract.
  • the extract would be expected to exhibit a relatively high viscosity and can be applied to certain tobacco products without further processing.
  • the manner by which the solvent and the tobacco material are combined for extraction may vary.
  • the solvent and tobacco material can be contacted, combined, or mixed together in conical-type blenders, mixing drums, ribbon blenders, or the like.
  • the mixture can be agitated or subjected to a grinding action during the extraction step.
  • the residual pulp is removed from the liquid extraction product using any method known in the art, such as filtration or centrifugation.
  • the tobacco material is typically in shredded or particulate form during extraction, such as tobacco particles having a particle size in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 25 mm.
  • the vessel in which the tobacco material and the solvent are mixed is typically vented such that the extraction proceeds at atmospheric pressure, or if desired, a pressurized vessel can be used.
  • a tobacco extract is provided by separating the solvent-insoluble pulp material from the solvent and the solvent-soluble or dispersible tobacco components dissolved or dispersed therein.
  • both the extract and the residual pulp can be further processed if desired.
  • the extract can be processed in a manner adapted to concentrate the dissolved or dispersed components of the tobacco material by removing at least a portion of the solvent.
  • Various methods of solvent removal can be used, such as heat treatment to evaporate the solvent (e.g., with an evaporator and condenser arrangement), reverse osmosis membrane treatment, spray drying or freeze drying.
  • the concentration step could simply entail heating the extract to a temperature above the boiling point of water in a vented vessel.
  • the extract could also be subjected to other treatment processes designed to change the chemical composition of the extract, such as reaction with acids or bases, ultrafiltration to remove high molecular weight components, treatment to remove additional components of the extract such as tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), or the like.
  • TSNAs tobacco-specific nitrosamines
  • the essentially BaP-free extract is processed to reduce the concentration of TSNAs in the extract.
  • TSNA compounds include N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-methyl-N-nitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), N-nitrosoanatabine (NAT), 4-methyl-N-nitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), and N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB).
  • NNN N-nitrosonornicotine
  • NNK 4-methyl-N-nitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
  • NAT N-nitrosoanatabine
  • NAL 4-methyl-N-nitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol
  • NAB N-nitrosoanabasine
  • a preparative HPLC technique is used where the extract is passed through a HPLC column and the portion of the extract eluting from the column at the known retention time for TSNA compounds is simply discarded.
  • the extract is passed through a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) material having functional groups that selectively sorb TSNA compounds.
  • MIP molecularly imprinted polymer
  • Exemplary TSNA-specific MIP materials include polymer sorbents offered by Sigma-Aldrich Company under the brand name SupelMIP® SPE and AffiniluteTM MIP materials available from Biotage AB.
  • the polymeric sorbent can be contacted with the extract to selectively sorb the TSNA compounds using a variety of techniques such as packing a column with the sorbent and passing the extract therethrough.
  • the TSNA level of the extract can be reduced from greater than 1,000 ppb or even greater than 2,000 ppb to less than about 400 ppb or less than about 300 ppb or less than about 200 ppb. In some cases, the TSNA level can be reduced to less than about 100 ppb or less than about 50 ppb.
  • the residual tobacco pulp produced in the extraction process can be treated to reduce benzo[a]pyrene concentration in order to prepare the pulp for recombination with the extract to form a reconstituted tobacco material exhibiting a reduced benzo[a]pyrene concentration.
  • the pulp could be subjected to a second extraction process using supercritical carbon dioxide or another suitable solvent (e.g., relatively non-polar solvents such as hexane, cyclohexane or methylene chloride) such that the benzo[a]pyrene dissolves in the solvent to facilitate removal from the pulp.
  • supercritical carbon dioxide or another suitable solvent e.g., relatively non-polar solvents such as hexane, cyclohexane or methylene chloride
  • Carbon dioxide extraction processes that could be used in the present invention, or suitably modified for use in the present invention, are set forth in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • a reconstituted tobacco material can be formed by adding the extract from the original extraction process back to the pre-treated pulp.
  • Exemplary manners and methods for providing a reconstituted tobacco sheet, including casting and paper-making techniques, are set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • the tobacco material that is subjected to the extraction process can also be subjected to pre-treatment processes adapted to modify the sensory, chemical or physical properties of the material. For example, it may be desirable to pre-treat the tobacco material to remove components of the tobacco that may generate negative sensory off-notes so that those components are not extracted in the process of the invention.
  • pre-treatment processes for the tobacco material include fermentation, bleaching, and the like.
  • a fire-cured tobacco it is advantageous to pre-treat a fire-cured tobacco to change the sensory characteristics in a manner that can be characterized as generating a milder flavor or aroma.
  • Commercially available fermented tobacco materials could be used in the extraction process of the invention, such as moist snuff tobacco compositions marketed as GRIZZLY or KODIAK smokeless tobacco. Tobacco fermentation processes are described, for example, in Giacomo et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
  • the tobacco extract can be utilized as a flavorful tobacco composition that can be incorporated into a variety of tobacco products.
  • fire-cured tobacco extracts of the invention can impart the distinctive sensory characteristics of fire-cured tobacco to various tobacco products without introducing significant amounts of certain chemical compounds associated with unextracted or whole fire-cured tobaccos, such as BaP.
  • the tobacco extract e.g., the aqueous tobacco extract
  • the tobacco extract can be employed in a variety of forms.
  • the tobacco extract can be isolated in an essentially solvent free form, such as can be obtained as a result of the use of a spray drying or freeze drying process, or other similar types of processing steps.
  • the aqueous tobacco extract can be employed in a liquid form, and as such, the content of tobacco solubles within the liquid solvent can be controlled by selection of the amount of solvent employed for extraction, concentration of the liquid tobacco extract by removal of solvent, addition of solvent to dilute the liquid tobacco extract, or the like.
  • the tobacco product to which the extracts of the invention are added can vary, and include any product configured or adapted to deliver tobacco or some component thereof to the user of the product.
  • Exemplary tobacco products include smoking articles (e.g., cigarettes), smokeless tobacco products, and aerosol-generating devices that contain a tobacco material or other plant material that is not combusted during use.
  • the incorporation of the extract of the invention into a tobacco product will involve use of a tobacco material or non-tobacco plant material as a carrier for the extract, such as by absorbing the extract into the tobacco or other plant material or otherwise associating the extract with the carrier material, such as by adhesion of spray-dried particles of the extract on the carrier material.
  • a tobacco material or non-tobacco plant material as a carrier for the extract, such as by absorbing the extract into the tobacco or other plant material or otherwise associating the extract with the carrier material, such as by adhesion of spray-dried particles of the extract on the carrier material.
  • the types of tobacco that can serves as the carrier for the extracts of the invention can vary, and can include any of the tobacco types discussed herein, including various cured tobacco materials (e.g., flue-cured or air-cured tobaccos) or portions thereof (e.g., tobacco lamina or tobacco stems).
  • the tobacco to which the extract is applied is a fermented tobacco material, and the extract is applied either before, during, or after the fermentation process.
  • the tobacco material to which the extract is applied will typically be characterized as having a relatively low BaP level, such as many air-cured or flue-cured tobacco materials or tobacco materials pre-treated to reduce BaP level.
  • the physical configuration of the tobacco material to which the extract is added can also vary, and can include tobacco materials in shredded or particulate form, or in the form of a sheet (e.g., reconstituted tobacco sheets) or in whole leaf form.
  • the dry weight ratio of tobacco material to extract of the invention can vary, but is typically about 4:1 to about 1:4, about 2:1 to about 1:2, and often about 1.5:1 to about 1:1.5.
  • the extract of the invention is used as a flavorful tobacco composition in the manufacture of smoking articles.
  • the extract prepared in accordance with the present invention can be mixed with casing materials and applied to tobacco as a casing ingredient (e.g., using the types of methods set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,819,668 to Shelar, which is incorporated herein by reference), incorporated into smoking articles as a top dressing ingredient, or incorporated into reconstituted tobacco materials (e.g., using the types of tobacco reconstitution processes generally set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • the extracts of the invention can be incorporated into a cigarette filter (e.g., in the filter plug, plug wrap, or tipping paper) or incorporated into cigarette wrapping paper, preferably on the inside surface, during the cigarette manufacturing process.
  • the cigarette 10 includes a generally cylindrical rod 12 of a charge or roll of smokable filler material (e.g., about 0.3 to about 1.0 g of smokable filler material such as tobacco material) contained in a circumscribing wrapping material 16 .
  • the rod 12 is conventionally referred to as a “tobacco rod.”
  • the ends of the tobacco rod 12 are open to expose the smokable filler material.
  • the cigarette 10 is shown as having one optional band 22 (e.g., a printed coating including a film-forming agent, such as starch, ethylcellulose, or sodium alginate) applied to the wrapping material 16 , and that band circumscribes the cigarette rod in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the cigarette.
  • the band 22 can be printed on the inner surface of the wrapping material (i.e., facing the smokable filler material), or less preferably, on the outer surface of the wrapping material.
  • At one end of the tobacco rod 12 is the lighting end 18 , and at the mouth end 20 is positioned a filter element 26 .
  • the filter element 26 positioned adjacent one end of the tobacco rod 12 such that the filter element and tobacco rod are axially aligned in an end-to-end relationship, preferably abutting one another.
  • Filter element 26 may have a generally cylindrical shape, and the diameter thereof may be essentially equal to the diameter of the tobacco rod. The ends of the filter element 26 permit the passage of air and smoke therethrough.
  • a ventilated or air diluted smoking article can be provided with an optional air dilution means, such as a series of perforations 30 , each of which extend through the tipping material and plug wrap.
  • the optional perforations 30 can be made by various techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art, such as laser perforation techniques.
  • so-called off-line air dilution techniques can be used (e.g., through the use of porous paper plug wrap and pre-perforated tipping paper).
  • the extracts of the invention can also be incorporated into aerosol-generating devices that contain tobacco material (or some portion or component thereof) that is not intended to be combusted during use.
  • Exemplary references that describe smoking articles of a type that generate flavored vapor, visible aerosol, or a mixture of flavored vapor and visible aerosol, include U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • the extracts of the invention can be incorporated into smokeless tobacco products, such as loose moist snuff (e.g., snus), loose dry snuff, chewing tobacco, pelletized tobacco pieces (e.g., having the shapes of pills, tablets, spheres, coins, beads, obloids or beans), extruded or formed tobacco strips, pieces, rods, cylinders or sticks, finely divided ground powders, finely divided or milled agglomerates of powdered pieces and components, flake-like pieces, molded processed tobacco pieces, pieces of tobacco-containing gum, rolls of tape-like films, readily water-dissolvable or water-dispersible films or strips (e.g., US Pat. App. Pub. No.
  • smokeless tobacco products such as loose moist snuff (e.g., snus), loose dry snuff, chewing tobacco, pelletized tobacco pieces (e.g., having the shapes of pills, tablets, spheres, coins, beads, obloids or
  • capsule-like materials possessing an outer shell (e.g., a pliable or hard outer shell that can be clear, colorless, translucent or highly colored in nature) and an inner region possessing tobacco or tobacco flavor (e.g., a Newtonian fluid or a thixotropic fluid incorporating tobacco of some form).
  • tobacco or tobacco flavor e.g., a Newtonian fluid or a thixotropic fluid incorporating tobacco of some form.
  • Various types of smokeless tobacco products are set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,376,586 to Schwartz; 3,696,917 to Levi; 4,513,756 to Pittman et al.; 4,528,993 to Sensabaugh, Jr.
  • FIG. 2 a representative snus type of tobacco product comprising the extract of the present invention is shown.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a smokeless tobacco product 40 having a water-permeable outer pouch 42 containing a smokeless tobacco composition 44 , wherein the tobacco composition includes a shredded or particulate tobacco material serving as a carrier for the extract of the invention.
  • the smokeless tobacco compositions of the invention can also include a water-soluble polymeric binder material and optionally other ingredients that provide a dissolvable composition that will slowly disintegrate in the oral cavity during use.
  • the smokeless tobacco composition can include lipid components that provide a meltable composition that melts (as opposed to merely dissolving) in the oral cavity, such as compositions set forth in U.S. application Ser. No. 12/854,342 to Cantrell et al., filed Aug. 11, 2010, and which is incorporated by reference herein.
  • the extract of the invention is added to a non-tobacco plant material, such as a plant material selected from potato, beet (e.g., sugar beet), grain, pea, apple, and the like.
  • a non-tobacco plant material such as a plant material selected from potato, beet (e.g., sugar beet), grain, pea, apple, and the like.
  • the non-tobacco plant material can be used in a processed form.
  • the non-tobacco plant material can be used in an extracted form, and as such, at least a portion of certain solvent soluble components are removed from that material.
  • the non-tobacco extracted plant material is typically highly extracted, meaning a substantial amount of the aqueous soluble portion of the plant material has been removed.
  • a water-extracted pulp can be obtained by extracting significant amounts of water soluble components from the plant material.
  • certain water-extracted plant materials can comprise less than about 20 weight percent, and often less than about 10 weight percent water soluble components; and depending upon processing conditions, certain water-extracted plant materials can be virtually free of water soluble components (e.g., less than about 1 weight percent water soluble components).
  • One preferred water-extracted plant material is water extracted sugar beet pulp (e.g., water extracted sugar beet leaf pulp).
  • the extracted non-tobacco plant material is typically used in a form that can be described as shredded, ground, granulated, fine particulate, or powder form.
  • the dry weight ratio of non-tobacco plant material to tobacco extract of the invention is typically about 4:1 to about 1:4, about 2:1 to about 1:2, and often about 1.5:1 to about 1:1.5.
  • Smokeless tobacco products of this type are set forth in U.S. application Ser. No. 12/756,656 to Beeson et al, filed Apr. 8, 2010, which is incorporated by reference herein.
  • additives can be admixed with, or otherwise incorporated within, the smokeless tobacco compositions according to the invention.
  • the additives can be artificial, or can be obtained or derived from herbal or biological sources.
  • Exemplary types of additives include salts (e.g., sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, and the like), natural sweeteners (e.g., fructose, sucrose, glucose, maltose, vanillin, ethylvanillin glucoside, mannose, galactose, lactose, and the like), artificial sweeteners (e.g., sucralose, saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame K, neotame and the like), organic and inorganic fillers (e.g., grains, processed grains, puffed grains, maltodextrin, dextrose, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, corn starch, lactose, man
  • the amount of tobacco extract that is added to a tobacco composition or tobacco product can vary, and will depend in part on the desired function of the extract, the chemical makeup of the extract, and the type of tobacco composition or product to which the extract is added. Unless otherwise indicated herein, the amount added to a tobacco product will typically not exceed about 25 weight percent based on the total dry weight of the tobacco composition to which the extract is added.
  • the amount of extract will typically be at least about 5 ppm, generally at least about 10 ppm, and often at least about 100 ppm, based on the total dry weight of the tobacco material within the smoking article; but will typically be less than about 5 percent, generally less than about 2 percent, and often less than about 1 percent, based on the total dry weight of the tobacco material within the smoking article.
  • the amount of extract will typically be at least about 5 ppm, generally at least about 10 ppm, and often at least about 100 ppm, based on the total dry weight of the tobacco material within the smokeless tobacco product; but will typically be less than about 10 percent, generally less than about 5 percent, and often less than about 1 percent, based on the total dry weight of the tobacco material within the smokeless tobacco product.
  • a fire-cured tobacco is extracted using water.
  • a typical extraction process combines milled tobacco (e.g., 100% pass 0.250 inch screen) with water at a ratio of 8 parts water to 1 part tobacco at a temperature of about 72° C. The mixture is agitated for one hour and the suspended solids removed by filtration using a 5 micron filter bag. The resulting tobacco extract retains the aroma and sensory characteristics of the fire-cured tobacco.
  • the original fire-cured tobacco has a BaP level prior to extraction of about 150 to 800 parts per billion and the separated liquid extract has a BaP level of less than about 1 part per billion.
  • An air-cured tobacco is subjected to the same extraction process as set forth in Example 1.
  • the original air-cured tobacco has a BaP level prior to extraction of about 10-150 parts per billion and the separated liquid extract has a BaP level of less than about 1 part per billion.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
US12/949,361 2010-11-18 2010-11-18 Fire-Cured Tobacco Extract and Tobacco Products Made Therefrom Abandoned US20120125354A1 (en)

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US12/949,361 US20120125354A1 (en) 2010-11-18 2010-11-18 Fire-Cured Tobacco Extract and Tobacco Products Made Therefrom
PCT/US2011/061189 WO2012068375A1 (en) 2010-11-18 2011-11-17 Fire-cured tobacco extract and tobacco products made therefrom
ES11793591.6T ES2515716T3 (es) 2010-11-18 2011-11-17 Extracto de tabaco curado al fuego y productos de tabaco fabricados con el mismo
CN201180062223.5A CN103369978B (zh) 2010-11-18 2011-11-17 火烤烟草提取物和由其制成的烟草产品
EP11793591.6A EP2640204B1 (en) 2010-11-18 2011-11-17 Fire-cured tobacco extract and tobacco products made therefrom
JP2013540015A JP6106595B2 (ja) 2010-11-18 2011-11-17 火乾葉タバコ抽出物およびそれから製造されるタバコ製品
US13/423,519 US20120199145A1 (en) 2010-11-18 2012-03-19 Method for treating an extracted tobacco pulp and tobacco products made therefrom
US17/351,915 US20210337857A1 (en) 2010-11-18 2021-06-18 Fire-cured tobacco extract and tobacco products made therefrom

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