US20120015002A1 - Antimicrobial coatings - Google Patents

Antimicrobial coatings Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120015002A1
US20120015002A1 US13/115,146 US201113115146A US2012015002A1 US 20120015002 A1 US20120015002 A1 US 20120015002A1 US 201113115146 A US201113115146 A US 201113115146A US 2012015002 A1 US2012015002 A1 US 2012015002A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
component
aminoethyl
polymer
substrate
composition
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US13/115,146
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English (en)
Inventor
Mahfuza B. Ali
Naiyong Jing
Valeri Lirine
Pradnya V. Nagarkar
Caroline M. Ylitalo
Nancy S. Lennhoff
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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Priority to US13/115,146 priority Critical patent/US20120015002A1/en
Assigned to 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY reassignment 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JING, NAIYONG, YLITALO, CAROLINE M., ALI, MAHFUZA B., LENNHOFF, NANCY S., LIRINE, VALERI, NAGARKAR, PRADNYA V.
Publication of US20120015002A1 publication Critical patent/US20120015002A1/en
Assigned to 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY reassignment 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STEPANOVA, NARINA Y.
Priority to US14/640,078 priority patent/US20150175812A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/28—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material
    • C03C17/30—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with silicon-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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    • C08F220/34—Esters containing nitrogen, e.g. N,N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate
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    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/34—Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group
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    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
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    • A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
    • A61L29/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. lubricating compositions
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    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
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    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/42—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating of an organic material and at least one non-metal coating
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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    • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
    • C08G77/22—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to organic groups containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
    • C08G77/26—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to organic groups containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen nitrogen-containing groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D183/10—Block or graft copolymers containing polysiloxane sequences
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
    • C09D5/1606—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints characterised by the anti-fouling agent
    • C09D5/1637—Macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
    • C09D5/1656—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints characterised by the film-forming substance
    • C09D5/1662—Synthetic film-forming substance
    • C09D5/1675—Polyorganosiloxane-containing compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
    • C09D5/1693—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints as part of a multilayer system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
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    • G06F3/047—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means using sets of wires, e.g. crossed wires
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    • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/20—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials
    • A61L2300/216—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials with other specific functional groups, e.g. aldehydes, ketones, phenols, quaternary phosphonium groups
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    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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Definitions

  • Touch panels for example, can be found in applications from ATM's to casinos to point of sale terminals and portable computers. Since the data entry is based on contact, touch panels are inherently susceptible to scratches and to microbial contamination. Other surfaces that may be prone to contamination include countertops, bedrails, writing utensils, and keypads, for example.
  • Typical touch screen panels e.g., capacitive touch screen panels
  • these panels are directly contacted by many different users.
  • the variety of chemicals that these organisms produce are also known to affect the human user.
  • these microorganisms, as well as their metabolic products can pose serious health risks to users ranging from minor skin irritation to more serious toxic response and disease.
  • the present disclosure provides an antimicrobial polymer that can be used, in some embodiments, to form a coating that is bonded to a touch-sensitive surface.
  • the antimicrobial polymer may include chemical components that impart other desirable properties (e.g., adhesive properties, scratch resistance properties, antistatic properties) for the article on which it is applied.
  • the components of the polymer may be selected for their optically-transparent properties.
  • the present disclosure provides an article.
  • the article can comprise a touch-sensitive substrate comprising a surface.
  • the article further can comprise an organic polymer having a plurality of pendant groups.
  • the organic polymer can be coupled to the surface.
  • the plurality of pendant groups can comprise a first pendant group comprising a first quaternary ammonium component.
  • the plurality of pendant groups further can comprise a second pendant group comprising a nonpolar component.
  • the plurality of pendant groups further can comprise a third pendant group comprising a first organosilane or organic silane ester component.
  • the article further can comprise a siliceous substrate that includes a first side and a second side.
  • the organic polymer can be coupled to the first side of the siliceous substrate and the touch-sensitive substrate can be coupled to the second side of the siliceous substrate.
  • the article does not comprise a conductive layer.
  • the organic polymer further can comprise a second quaternary ammonium component.
  • the organic polymer further can comprise a second organosilane or organic silane ester component.
  • at least one of the pendant components can comprise a fluorochemical.
  • the ratio of the number of N atoms associated with the first quaternary ammonium component and second quaternary ammonium component, if present, and the number of Si atoms associated with the first organosilane component and second organosilane component, if present, is about 0.1:1 to about 10:1.
  • the surface to which the organic polymer is coupled can be a glass or a polymeric surface.
  • the siliceous substrate can be covalently coupled to the touch-sensitive substrate.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of making a coated article.
  • the method can comprise forming a first composition of an organic polymer in a solvent.
  • the polymer can have a plurality of pendant groups comprising: a first pendant group that includes a first quaternary ammonium component; a second pendant group that includes a nonpolar component; and a third pendant group that includes an organosilane or organic silane ester component.
  • the method further can comprise mixing a second quaternary ammonium component with the first composition to form a first mixture.
  • the method further can comprise contacting the first mixture with a substrate under conditions suitable to form covalent linkages between the organic polymer, the substrate, and the second quaternary ammonium compound.
  • the method further can comprise, after contacting the first mixture with the substrate, rinsing the coated article. In any of the above embodiments, the method further can comprise coupling the substrate to a touch-sensitive substrate. In any of the above embodiments, the method further can comprise providing a second composition comprising an adhesion-promoting reagent in a solvent and contacting the second composition with the substrate, wherein contacting the second composition with the substrate occurs prior to contacting the first mixture with the substrate.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of making a coated article.
  • the method can comprise forming a first composition of an organic polymer in a solvent, mixing an adhesion-promoting reagent with the first composition to form a second mixture, and contacting the second mixture with a siliceous substrate under conditions suitable to form covalent linkages between organic polymer and the siliceous substrate.
  • the polymer can have a plurality of pendant groups, including a first pendant group comprising a first quaternary ammonium component, a second pendant group comprising a nonpolar component, and a third pendant group comprising a first organosilane component.
  • forming a second mixture further can comprise mixing a second quaternary ammonium component with the adhesion-promoting reagent and the first composition.
  • the adhesion-promoting reagent can be selected from the group consisting of 3-triethoxysilyl-N-(1,3-dimethyl-butyliden)propylamine, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]propyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, (aminoethylaminomethyl)phenethyltrimethoxysilane, (aminoethylaminomethyl)phenethyltriethoxysi
  • the present disclosure provides a method of making a coated article.
  • the method can comprise forming a first composition of an organic polymer in organic solvent.
  • the polymer can have a plurality of pendant groups comprising a first pendant group that includes a first quaternary ammonium component a second pendant group that includes a nonpolar component, and a third pendant group that includes an organosilane or organic silane ester component.
  • the method further can comprise mixing a second quaternary amonium compound with the first composition to form a first mixture.
  • the method further can comprise contacting the first mixture with a touch-sensitive substrate under conditions suitable to form covalent linkages between organic polymer and the touch-sensitive substrate.
  • the method further can comprise, after contacting the first mixture with the touch-sensitive substrate, rinsing the coated article.
  • the method further can comprise providing a second composition comprising an adhesion-promoting reagent in organic solvent and contacting the second composition with the touch-sensitive substrate, wherein contacting the second composition with the touch-sensitive substrate occurs prior to contacting the first mixture with the touch-sensitive substrate.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of making a coated article.
  • the method can comprise forming a first composition of an organic polymer in organic solvent, mixing an adhesion-promoting reagent with the first composition to form a second mixture, and contacting the second mixture with a touch-sensitive substrate under conditions suitable to form covalent linkages between organic polymer and the touch-sensitive substrate.
  • the polymer can have a plurality of pendant groups, including a first pendant group comprising a first quaternary ammonium component, a second pendant group comprising a nonpolar component, and a third pendant group comprising a first organosilane component.
  • forming a second mixture further can comprise mixing a second quaternary ammonium component with the adhesion-promoting reagent and the first composition.
  • the adhesion-promoting reagent can be selected from the group consisting of 3-triethoxysilyl-N-(1,3-dimethyl-butyliden)propylamine, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]propyl-trimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, (aminoethylaminomethyl)phenethyltrimethoxysilane, (aminoethylaminomethyl)phenethyltriethoxys
  • the method further can comprise providing a second composition comprising an adhesion-promoting reagent in organic solvent and contacting the second composition with the touch-sensitive substrate, wherein contacting the second composition with the touch-sensitive substrate occurs prior to contacting the second mixture with the touch-sensitive substrate.
  • the present disclosure provides an antimicrobial polymer composition.
  • the composition can comprise an organic polymer having a plurality of pendant groups with the proviso that the polymer does not comprise a pendant group that includes a carboxylate or alkoxylate chemical group.
  • the pendant groups can include a first pendant group comprising a first quaternary ammonium component.
  • the pendant groups further can include a second pendant group comprising a perfluorinated nonpolar component.
  • the pendant groups further can include a third pendant group comprising a first organosilane component.
  • the antimicrobial composition further can include a fourth pendant component, wherein the fourth pendant component comprises a polar chemical group.
  • an article comprising “a” siliceous substrate can be interpreted to mean that the article can include “one or more” siliceous substrates.
  • FIG. 1 a is a top perspective view of an embodiment of an antimicrobial touch screen article, with a capacitive layer, according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 b is a top perspective view of an embodiment of an antimicrobial touch screen article, without a capacitive layer, according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a top perspective view of another embodiment of an antimicrobial touch screen article according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a top perspective view of another embodiment of an antimicrobial touch screen article according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a method of making a coated article according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a bar graph showing the log reduction of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria according to one test method after exposure to several embodiments of an article comprising an antimicrobial polymer of the present disclosure.
  • Polymeric materials are provided that can contain a plurality of different pendant groups. Methods of making the polymeric material and compositions that contain the polymeric material are also provided. Additionally, articles with coatings that contain the polymeric material are provided. The polymeric material in the coatings is often crosslinked. The coatings can be antimicrobial, scratch-resistant, or both.
  • antimicrobial refers to material that kills microorganisms or inhibits their growth.
  • silane refers to a compound having four groups attached to a silicon atom. That is, the silane has a silicon-containing group.
  • alkoxysilyl refers to a silicon-containing group having an alkoxy group bonded directly to the silicon atom.
  • the alkoxysilyl can be, for example, of formula —Si(OR)(Rx) 2 where R is an alkyl and each Rx is independently a hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkyl, perfluoroalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or part of a silicone.
  • ester equivalent means groups such as silane amides (RNR′Si), silane alkanoates (RC(O)OSi), Si-0-Si, SiN(R)—Si, SiSR and RCONR′Si that are thermally and/or catalytically displaceable by R′′OH.
  • R and R′ are independently chosen and can include hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, and substituted analogs such as alkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, and alkylaminoalkyl.
  • R′′ may be the same as R and R′ except it may not be H.
  • hydroxysilyl refers to a silicon-containing group having a hydroxyl group bonded directly to the silicon atom.
  • the hydroxysilyl can be, for example, of formula —Si(OH)(Rx) 2 where Rx is an alkyl, perfluoralkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyl, or part of a silicone.
  • Rx is an alkyl, perfluoralkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyl, or part of a silicone.
  • a compound having a hydroxysilyl group is often referred to as a “silanol”.
  • Silanols are a subset of silanes.
  • silicon refers to a moiety that contains a silicon-oxygen-silicon linkage group. Any other suitable groups can be attached to the silicon atoms. Such a linkage can result from the reaction of a first silane (e.g., a first silicon-containing group such as a first alkoxysilyl group or hydroxysilyl group) with a second silane (e.g., a second silicon-containing group such as a second alkoxysilyl group or hydroxysilyl group).
  • a first silane e.g., a first silicon-containing group such as a first alkoxysilyl group or hydroxysilyl group
  • a second silane e.g., a second silicon-containing group such as a second alkoxysilyl group or hydroxysilyl group.
  • the silicone is part of a “silicone network”.
  • a silicone network results when a first silane (i.e., a first silicon-containing group) reacts with a second silane (e.g., a second silicon-containing group) plus a third silane (e.g., a third silicon-containing group such as a third alkoxysilyl group or hydroxysilyl group) or when a first silane (e.g., a first silicon-containing group) reacts with a second silane (e.g., a second silicon-containing group) plus a third silane (e.g., a third silicon-containing group) and a fourth silane (e.g., a fourth silicon-containing group such as a fourth alkoxysilyl group or hydroxysilyl group).
  • a first silane i.e., a first silicon-containing group
  • a second silane e.g., a second silicon-containing group
  • a third silane e.g., a third silicon-containing group such as a third alk
  • polymeric material with a plurality of pendant groups As used herein, the phrases “polymeric material with a plurality of pendant groups”, “polymeric material with multiple pendant groups”, or similar phrases are used interchangeably to refer to a polymeric material that has at least three different types of pendant groups.
  • the multiple pendant groups include (1) a first pendant group containing a quaternary amino group; (2) a second pendant group containing a nonpolar group; and (3) a third pendant group having an organosilane group.
  • the polymeric material with multiple pendant groups can be crosslinked through a condensation reaction of multiple organosilane groups.
  • the polymeric material can be covalently coupled to a surface comprising a silanol group or, preferably, a plurality of silanol groups.
  • the present disclosure is generally directed to articles comprising an antimicrobial coating and methods of making said articles comprising an antimicrobial coating.
  • the articles further comprise a substrate.
  • the substrate comprises a touch-sensitive substrate (e.g., a computer display touch panel).
  • the touch-sensitive substrate may comprise an active portion.
  • the active portion of the substrate includes a surface configured to be touched (e.g., by a finger, a stylus, or the like). “Active portion” is used herein in the broadest sense and refers to a region of the substrate that can transduce a tactile stimulus into an electrical signal.
  • Nonlimiting examples of devices that comprise a substrate with an “active portion” include touch screens (e.g., computer touch screens, personal digital assistant touch screens, telephone touch screens, card reader touch screens, casino gaming devices, touch-enabled industrial equipment controls, touch-enabled vehicle accessory controls, and the like) Exemplary touch screens are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,504,582; 6,504,583; 7,157,649; and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0259378.
  • touch screens e.g., computer touch screens, personal digital assistant touch screens, telephone touch screens, card reader touch screens, casino gaming devices, touch-enabled industrial equipment controls, touch-enabled vehicle accessory controls, and the like
  • Exemplary touch screens are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,504,582; 6,504,583; 7,157,649; and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0259378.
  • FIG. 1 a shows one embodiment of an antimicrobial touch sensor 110 according to the present invention.
  • the touch sensor 110 may be a touch sensitive panel such as, for example, a “surface capacitive” computer touch panel, available from 3M Touch Systems, Methuen, Mass., made up of several different layers.
  • the touch sensor 110 features an antimicrobial touch panel 112 .
  • Touch panel 112 includes electrically insulative substrate 114 .
  • Insulative substrate 114 may be constructed from glass, plastic or another transparent medium, for example.
  • the touch panel 112 further comprises a touch-sensitive active portion 115 on the insulative substrate 114 .
  • Active portion 115 includes a transparent, electrically conductive layer 116 deposited directly on substrate 114 .
  • Conductive layer 116 can be a tin oxide layer having a thickness of twenty to sixty nanometers and may be deposited by sputtering, vacuum deposition and other techniques known in the art. The thickness of the layers is exaggerated in FIG. 1 a for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to represent the layers to scale.
  • Conductive layer 116 may also include a conductive polymeric material or a conductive organic-inorganic composite.
  • a conductive pattern can be disposed about the perimeter of conductive layer 116 to provide a uniform electric field throughout the layer 116 in order to establish the point of contact between the panel 112 and a finger or stylus.
  • Active portion 115 may also include protective layer 118 deposited over conductive layer 116 to provide abrasion resistance to protect conductive layer 116 .
  • Protective layer 118 may be a layer of an organosiloxane formed by applying to the article a composition (e.g., a solution) comprising methyltriethoxysilane, tetraethylorthosilicate, isopropanol and water.
  • the protective layer may comprise a hardcoat material (e.g., the glare-resistant hardcoat described in Example 1 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,294,405).
  • Second conductive layer 120 may be provided to shield touch sensor 110 from noise which may result from the electric circuits of a display unit, not shown, to which display 110 may be attached and may similarly include a tin oxide layer deposited in a similar manner as discussed with reference to conductive layer 116 .
  • conductive layer 120 is not a necessary limitation of the invention as touch sensor 110 can function without it.
  • Antimicrobial polymer layer 122 in accordance with this disclosure is coupled to active portion 115 , usually on protective layer 118 or even directly to conductive layer 116 if protective layer 118 is not present or to the outermost layer, if additional layers (not shown) are present to reduce energy dissipation of an object contacting touch sensor 110 .
  • antimicrobial polymer layer 122 can minimize or prevent damage to touch sensor 110 , providing an easy glide experience to the touch screen user, as well as inhibit the survival and growth of microorganisms which come to rest on touch sensor 110 .
  • FIG. 1 b shows one embodiment of another antimicrobial touch sensor 110 according to the present invention.
  • the touch sensor 110 may be a touch sensitive panel such as, for example, a “projected capacitive” computer touch panel in a projected capacitive touch screen, made up of several different layers.
  • the touch sensor 110 features an antimicrobial touch panel 112 .
  • Touch panel 112 includes electrically insulative substrate 114 .
  • Insulative substrate 114 may be constructed from glass, plastic or another transparent medium, for example.
  • a conductive layer 124 can be disposed beneath the substrate 114 in order to establish the point of contact between the panel 112 and a finger or stylus.
  • conductive layer 124 may be a plurality of conductive layers (e.g. arrays of electrodes) with dielectric layers disposed there between. Touch sensors with this configuration are disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/652,343.
  • Touch panel 112 may also include protective layer 118 deposited over insulative substrate 114 to provide abrasion resistance to protect insulative substrate 114 .
  • Protective layer 118 may be a layer of an organosiloxane formed by applying to the article a composition (e.g., a solution) comprising methyltriethoxysilane, tetraethylorthosilicate, isopropanol and water.
  • the protective layer may comprise a hardcoat material (e.g., the glare-resistant hardcoat described in Example 1 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,294,405).
  • Antimicrobial polymer layer 122 in accordance with this disclosure is coupled to protective layer 118 or even directly to insulative substrate 114 if protective layer 118 is not present or to the outermost layer, if additional layers (not shown) are present to reduce energy dissipation of an object contacting touch sensor 110 .
  • antimicrobial polymer layer 122 can minimize or prevent damage to touch sensor 110 , providing an easy glide experience to the touch screen user, as well as inhibit the survival and growth of microorganisms which come to rest on touch sensor 110 .
  • FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of a touch sensor 210 .
  • the touch sensor 210 may include, for example, a resistive computer touch panel 212 , available from Elo TouchSystems, Freemont, Calif., which includes insulative substrate 214 and conductive layer 216 , similar to FIG. 1 a.
  • Protective layer 218 may include a hard coating which protects and supports deformable conductive layer 224 interposed between conductive layer 216 and protective layer 218 .
  • a nonlimiting example of a suitable hard coating includes the glare-resistant hardcoat described in Example 1 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,294,405.
  • As touch sensor 210 is contacted by a finger or stylus deformable conductive layer 224 compresses and makes contact with conductive layer 216 to indicate the position of the contact.
  • Antimicrobial polymer layer 222 is applied to protective layer 218 .
  • FIG. 3 shows one embodiment of a vibration-sensing touch sensor 350 that includes a rectangular touch plate 370 and vibration sensors 360 , 362 , 364 , and 366 located at the corners and coupled to the touch plate.
  • the border portion 375 of touch sensor 350 may be covered by a bezel, leaving an intended touch area 380 exposed to a user.
  • Dashed line 390 is used to indicate a separation between the border area 375 and the intended touch area 380 .
  • Dashed line 390 is an arbitrary designator, and does not necessarily indicate that touches outside of its inscribed area cannot be detected.
  • dashed line 390 merely inscribes an area where touch inputs are intended or expected to occur, which may include the entire touch plate or some portion or portions thereof.
  • dashed lines are used in this document to designate intended touch areas, they are used in this manner.
  • Antimicrobial polymers (not shown) of the present disclosure can be applied directly or indirectly to the surface of the touch area 380 of the vibration-sensing touch sensor 350 .
  • An example of indirect application includes applying the antimicrobial polymer to one side of a polymer film and a pressure-sensitive adhesive to the other side of the film; then applying the adhesive side of the film to the touch area of the vibration-sensing touch sensor.
  • the touch plate is shown as rectangular in FIG. 3 , it can be of any arbitrary shape.
  • the touch plate can be glass, acrylic, polycarbonate, metal, wood, or any other material cable of propagating vibrations that can be caused or altered by a touch input to the touch plate and that can be sensed by the vibration sensors.
  • To detect the touch position in two dimensions on the touch plate at least three vibrations sensors can be used, and are generally located at peripheral portions of the touch plate, although other locations can be used. For convenience, redundancy, or other reasons, it may be desirable to use at least four vibration sensors, for example one at each corner of a rectangular touch plate, as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the vibration sensors can be any sensors capable of detecting vibrations in the touch plate that are caused or affected by a touch, for example bending wave vibrations.
  • Piezoelectric materials may provide exemplary vibrations sensors.
  • the vibration sensors can be mechanically coupled to the touch plate by use of an adhesive, solder, or other suitable material.
  • Conductive traces or wires can be connected to each of the vibration sensors for communication with controller electronics (not shown).
  • Exemplary vibration-sensing touch sensors, their operation, their components, and their layout on a sensor are disclosed in co-assigned U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0233174 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0134574.
  • the present disclosure provides antimicrobial polymers.
  • the antimicrobial polymers are formed by reacting, in suitable organic solvent, monomers that comprise a chemical group that serves one or more functional purposes in the polymer.
  • the antimicrobial polymers can be coated (e.g., as a film or layer) onto a substrate as described herein.
  • the polymers have antimicrobial activity that can kill or inhibit microorganisms that come into contact with the polymer (e.g., on the surface of a touch panel).
  • the antimicrobial activity can be tested using a standardized antimicrobial resistance test such as, for example, JIS-Z 2801 (Japanese Industrial Standards; Japanese Standards Association; Tokyo, Japan).
  • the polymers further have scratch-resistant properties.
  • the scratch-resistant property of the polymer can be tested using the ASTM test method D 7027.26676.
  • Polymers of the present disclosure are formed in any suitable solvent (e.g., an organic solvent) that will solublize or make a dispersion of the resultant polymer.
  • suitable organic solvents have a boiling point about 200° C. or lower and can be mixed with small portions ( ⁇ 10%, w/w) of acidified water without substantially degrading the solvent properties. Adding the acidified water to the solvent facilitates complete hydrolysis of silane groups which, in turn optimizes the formation of —Si—O—Si— bonds within the polymer and between the polymer and the substrate. This can result in improved durability of antimicrobial coating on the substrate.
  • the solvent flashpoint is 100° C. or lower.
  • Nonlimiting examples of suitable organic solvents include an alcohol (e.g., isopropyl alcohol, methanol), MEK, acetone, DMF, DMAC (dimethyl acetamide,) ethyl acetate, THF, etc.
  • the monomers are mixed with the solvent and reacted to form an antimicrobial polymer.
  • Suitable monomers include derivatives of acrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers, vinyl monomers, and olefinic monomers.
  • the monomers comprise chemical groups that are pendant from the polymer after the polymerization reaction.
  • the pendant groups include a first quaternary ammonium group, a nonpolar group, and a first organosilane group (e.g., trimethoxysilylpropane).
  • the polymer shown in Structure (I) shows a representation of a portion of an antimicrobial polymer made from acrylate or olefinic monomers according to the present disclosure.
  • Polymers of the present disclosure include pendant groups with antimicrobial activity.
  • the groups with antimicrobial activity can be selected for properties that are desirable in the articles on which the polymer is coated.
  • the antimicrobial group can be selected because it provides a polymer having substantial optical clarity (i.e. high optical transmission throughout a narrow or broad spectrum of wavelengths, low haze). These properties easily can be measured by a person of ordinary skill in the art, for example, by methods disclosed herein.
  • the first quaternary ammonium pendant group includes the quaternary ammonium moiety R 3 and can be derived from a monomer where:
  • the first quaternary ammonium pendant groups are coupled (e.g., covalently coupled) to the polymer such that, the antibiotic activity of the antimicrobial coupled to the polymer is insoluble in water (i.e., the antimicrobial is non-leaching when the polymer is contacted with an aqueous solution).
  • suitable antimicrobial quaternary ammonium components include the hexadecyldimethylethylamine, octadecyldimethylethylamine, hexadecyldimethylpropylamine and octadecyldimethylpropylamine.
  • the nonpolar pendant group includes the nonpolar moiety R 4 and can be derived from a monomer where R 4 is an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group (C 4 to C 22 ), an aryl group, perfluoroalkyl sulfonamide, perfluoroalkyl sulfone, perfluoroalkyl carboxamide, a class of free-radically reactive fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkylene group-containing compatibilizers of the respective chemical formulas: R ff Q 3 (X 1 ) n1 and (X 1 ) n1 Q 3 R ff2 Q 3 (X 1 ) n1 ), where R ff is a fluoroalkyl, R ff2 is a fluoroalkylene, Q 3 is a connecting group of valency at least 2 and is selected from the group consisting of a covalent bond, an alkylene, an arylene, an aralkylene
  • Typical Q 3 groups include: —SO 2 N(R)CH 2 CH 2 —; —SO 2 N(CH 2 CH 2 ) 2 —; —(CH 2 ) m —; —CH 2 O(CH 2 ) 3 —; and —C(O)NRCH 2 CH 2 —, where R is H or lower alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and m is 1 to 6.
  • R is H or lower alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and m is 1 to 6.
  • the fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkylene group is a perfluoroalkyl or perfluoroalkylene group.
  • Exemplary, non-limiting perfluorobutyl-substituted acrylate compatibilizers meeting these criteria and useful in the present invention include one or more of C 4 F 9 SO 2 N(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 OC(O)CH ⁇ CH 2 , C 4 F 9 SO 2 N(CH 2 CH 2 OC(O)CH ⁇ CH 2 ) 2 , or C 4 F 9 SO 2 N(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 OC(O)C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CH 2 .
  • One non-limiting example of a preferred fluoroalkyl-substituted monomers that may be utilized in the composition of the coat layer is: (1H,1H,2H,2H)-perfluorodecyl acrylate, available from Lancaster Synthesis of Windham, N.H.
  • Numerous other (meth)acryl compounds with perfluoroalkyl moieties that may also be utilized in the composition of the coat layer are mentioned in U.S. Pat. No. 4,968,116, to Hulme-Lowe et al., and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,239,026 (including perfluorocyclohexylmethyl methacrylate), to Babirad et al.
  • fluorochemical (meth)acrylates that meet these criteria and may be utilized include, for example, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluorohexanediol diacrylate and ⁇ -hydro 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl acrylate (H—C 4 F 8 —CH 2 O—C(O)—CH ⁇ CH 2 ).
  • fluorochemical (meth)acrylates that may be used alone, or as mixtures, are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,238,798, to Kang et al.
  • Another monomer that may be used is a fluoroalkyl- or fluoroalkylene-substituted thiol or polythiol.
  • Non-limiting examples of this type of monomers includes one or more of the following: C 4 F 9 SO 2 N(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 OC(O)CH 2 SH, C 4 F 9 SO 2 N(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 OC(O)CH 2 CH 2 SH, C 4 F 9 SO 2 N(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 SH, and C 4 F 9 SO 2 N(CH 3 )CH(OC(O)CH 2 SH)CH 2 OC(O)CH 2 SH.
  • the coating composition adds one or more multi-olefinic compounds bearing at least one monovalent poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide) (HFPO) moiety and optionally a compatibilizer such as a fluoroalkyl- or fluoroalkylene-substituted mono or multi-acrylate such as C 4 F 9 SO 2 N(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 OC(O)CH ⁇ CH 2 , C 4 F 9 SO 2 N(CH 2 CH 2 OC(O)CH ⁇ CH 2 ) 2 , or C 4 F 9 SO 2 N(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 OC(O)C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CH 2 , alcohol, olefin, thiol or polythiol to fluoropolymer curing composition.
  • HFPO monovalent poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide)
  • Non-limiting examples of thiol or polythiol type of compatibilizer includes one or more of the following: C 4 F 9 SO 2 N(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 OC(O)CH 2 SH, C 4 F 9 SO 2 N(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 OC(O)CH 2 CH 2 SH, C 4 F 9 SO 2 N(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 SH, and C 4 F 9 SO 2 N(CH 3 )CH(OC(O)CH 2 SH)CH 2 OC(O)CH 2 SH.
  • HFPO— refers to the end group F(CF(CF 3 )CF 2 O) a CF(CF 3 )— of the methyl ester F(CF(CF 3 )CF 2 O) a CF(CF 3 )C(O)OCH 3 , wherein “a” averages about 6.8, and the methyl ester has an average molecular weight of 1,211 g/mol, and which can be prepared according to the method reported in U.S. Pat. No. 3,250,808 (Moore et al.) with purification by fractional distillation.
  • the mono- or multi-olefinic compound bearing at least one monovalent poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide) (HFPO) moiety preferably is in the form of a multiacrylate.
  • These materials are of the formula: R fpe Q(X) n wherein Rfpe is the residue of a monovalent HFPO moiety, Q is a connecting group comprising an alkylene, arylene, arylene-alkylene, or alkylene-arylene group and may comprise a straight or branched chain connecting group which may contain heteroatoms such as O,N, and S, X is a free-radically reactive group selected from meth(acryl), allyl, or vinyl groups and n is 2 to 3.
  • Typical Q group include: —(CH 2 ) m —; —CH 2 O(CH 2 ) 3 —; and —C(O)NRCH 2 CH 2 —, where R is H or lower alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and m is 1 to 6.
  • One class of multi-(meth)acryl compound bearing at least one monovalent poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide) (HFPO) moiety comprises compounds described in U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/569,351 (Docket No. 59795US002) entitled “Fluoropolyether Polyacryl Compounds”, filed May 7, 2004.
  • HFPO monovalent poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide)
  • Other mono- and multi-(meth)acryl compounds bearing at least one monovalent poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide) (HFPO) moiety comprise compounds which are Michael adducts of HFPO amine derivatives with multiacrylates described in U.S. application Ser. No. 10/841,792, entitled “Polymerizable Compositions, Methods Of Making The Same, And Composite Articles Therefrom,” filed May 7, 2004.
  • the nonpolar pendant group is a chemical group that increases the relative hydrophobicity of the antimicrobial polymer.
  • the nonpolar pendant groups are selected for their ability to influence the surface energy of the polymer.
  • the nonpolar pendant groups are selected to impart a low surface energy polymer.
  • Nonpolar pendant groups can also increase the scratch resistance of the polymer, when the polymer is coated onto a hard surface (e.g., glass).
  • suitable nonpolar groups include linear or branched alkanes (e.g., isooctane, isobutane) and aromatic groups.
  • the first organosilane pendant group includes the siloxane moiety R 5 and can be derived from a monomer where:
  • the first organosilane pendant group includes a silicon-containing group. This pendant group can crosslink the antimicrobial polymeric material, bond the antimicrobial polymeric material to a substrate, bond a second organosilane to the antimicrobial polymer, or it can confer the ability of the polymer to perform any combination of the foregoing bonding configurations.
  • a nonlimiting example of a suitable organosilane pendant group is the propyl trimethoxysilane group found in methacryloylpropyl trimethoxysilane.
  • Structure (I) shows a portion of an exemplary antimicrobial polymer comprising three sequential monomers with different pendant groups
  • the antimicrobial polymer of the present disclosure is a random copolymer, with the number and order of monomeric subunits (a, b, c, and, optionally, d) influenced by the respective ratios of monomeric units in the polymerization reaction and/or the polymerization reaction conditions.
  • Antimicrobial polymers of the present disclosure optionally can include, in addition to the quaternary ammonium, nonpolar, and organosilane pendant groups, a fourth pendant group that includes a polar component.
  • the polar pendant group can confer adhesive properties that allow the antimicrobial polymer to adhere to certain substrates. Because the polar pendant groups promote adhesion of the antimicrobial polymer to the substrate, advantageously, this can result in an improved durability of the polymer on the substrate.
  • the polar pendant group may enhance the antimicrobial activity of the polymer. Suitable polar pendant groups include, for example, N-hydroxymethylacrylamide, dimethylacrylamide, and alcohol groups.
  • the antimicrobial polymer of the present disclosure does not comprise a pendant group that includes a carboxylate or alkoxylate chemical group.
  • Antimicrobial polymers of the present disclosure can be synthesized by reacting, in an organic solvent, monomers comprising the pendant groups.
  • Suitable monomers for the reaction include, for example, acrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers, and combinations thereof.
  • Other suitable monomers for the reaction include vinyl monomers and olefinic monomers.
  • the monomers can be combined, on a weight percent basis, in various ratios in the reaction.
  • the monomer comprising the quaternary ammonium pendant group can comprise from about 20% to about 80% of the monomers reacted to form a polymer.
  • the monomer comprising the quaternary ammonium pendant group can comprise greater than 20% of the monomers reacted to form a polymer.
  • the monomer comprising the quaternary ammonium pendant group can comprise greater than 30% of the monomers reacted to form a polymer.
  • the monomer comprising the quaternary ammonium pendant group can comprise greater than 40% of the monomers reacted to form a polymer.
  • the monomer comprising the quaternary ammonium pendant group can comprise greater than 50% of the monomers reacted to form a polymer. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising the quaternary ammonium pendant group can comprise greater than 60% of the monomers reacted to form a polymer. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising the quaternary ammonium pendant group can comprise greater than 70% of the monomers reacted to form a polymer. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising the quaternary ammonium pendant group can comprise 70% to 80% of the monomers reacted to form a polymer.
  • the monomer comprising the nonpolar pendant group can comprise from about 20% to about 60% of the monomers reacted to form a polymer. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising the quaternary ammonium pendant group can comprise greater than 20% of the monomers reacted to form a polymer. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising the quaternary ammonium pendant group can comprise greater than 30% of the monomers reacted to form a polymer. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising the quaternary ammonium pendant group can comprise 30% to 40% of the monomers reacted to form a polymer.
  • the monomer comprising the organosilane pendant group can comprise from about 1% to about 20% of the monomers reacted to form a polymer. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising the quaternary ammonium pendant group can comprise greater than 2% of the monomers reacted to form a polymer. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising the quaternary ammonium pendant group can comprise greater than 5% of the monomers reacted to form a polymer. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising the quaternary ammonium pendant group can comprise greater than 10% of the monomers reacted to form a polymer.
  • the monomer comprising the quaternary ammonium pendant group can comprise greater than 15% of the monomers reacted to form a polymer. In some embodiments, the monomer comprising the quaternary ammonium pendant group can comprise 15% to 20% of the monomers reacted to form a polymer.
  • the reaction mixture used to make the antimicrobial polymer comprises at least 20% monomers comprising a quaternary ammonium pendant group, at least 20% monomers comprising a nonpolar pendant group, and at least 2% monomers comprising an organosilane pendant group.
  • the monomers are mixed in an organic solvent and are reacted under conditions suitable to form a polymer.
  • the reaction mixture can be purged with nitrogen to remove other dissolved gasses.
  • the reaction mixture can be sealed, heated, and mixed (e.g., mixed at 65° C.) for a period of time sufficient to allow polymerization of, for example, at least 99.5% of the monomers.
  • an additional initiator e.g., 2,2-Azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), available from DuPont of Wilmington, Del., USA, under the trade name Vazo-67
  • Vazo-67 can be added to the mixture to react with any unreacted monomers from the original mixture.
  • the extent of the reaction of monomers can be determined by, for example, a calculation of the percent solids in the mixture.
  • the antimicrobial polymer typically comprises about 25 weight percent (wt %) of the solution in which it is made.
  • one or more adhesion-promoting reagent can be used in the process.
  • Suitable adhesion-promoting reagents include organosilane compounds having a silane group that can react to form Si—O—Si linkages and a leaving group (e.g. an alkoxy group).
  • the adhesion-promoting reagent can form Si—O—Si linkages with another organosilane compound (e.g., an unreacted organosilane compound of the present disclosure), an organosilane-containing polymer (e.g., the antimicrobial polymers of the present disclosure), and/or a siliceous substrate (e.g., glass).
  • another organosilane compound e.g., an unreacted organosilane compound of the present disclosure
  • an organosilane-containing polymer e.g., the antimicrobial polymers of the present disclosure
  • a siliceous substrate e.g., glass
  • the adhesion-promoting reagents promote improved adhesion of the antimicrobial coatings by increasing the number of attachment points (to the substrate) per antimicrobial molecule.
  • the adhesion-promoting reagents promote improved durability of the antimicrobial coatings by increasing the number of intramolecular linkages per antimicrobial polymer molecule and/or the
  • the preferred adhesion-promoting reagents can also be used as an adhesion promoter to increase the interfacial adhesion between the substrate and the antimicrobial polymer composition of the present disclosure.
  • Nonlimiting examples of suitable adhesion-promoting reagents include N-2(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-triethoxysilyl-N-(1,3-dimethyl-butyliden)propylamine, and N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.
  • suitable adhesion-promoting reagents will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art.
  • adhesion-promoting reagents are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2008/0064825.
  • amino-substituted organosilane esters e.g., alkoxy silanes
  • the antimicrobial articles of the present disclosure may be made by reacting an amino-substituted organosilane ester or ester equivalent and an antimicrobial polymer that has a plurality of polar functionalities combinatively reactive with the silane ester or ester equivalent.
  • the amino-substituted organosilane ester or ester equivalent bears on the silicon atom at least one ester or ester equivalent group, preferably 2, or more preferably 3 groups.
  • Ester equivalents are well known to those skilled in the art and include compounds such as silane amides (RNR′Si), silane alkanoates (RC(O)OSi), Si-0-Si, SiN(R)—Si, SiSR and RCONR′Si. These ester equivalents may also be cyclic such as those derived from ethylene glycol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine and their amides. R and R′ are defined as in the “ester equivalent” definition herein.
  • amino-substituted organosilane ester or ester equivalent has ester groups such as methoxy that are easily volatilized as methanol so as to avoid leaving residue at the interface which may interfere with bonding.
  • the amino-substituted organosilane must have at least one ester equivalent; for example, it may be a trialkoxysilane.
  • the amino-substituted organosilane may have the formula: ZNH-L-SiX′X′′X′′′, where Z is hydrogen, alkyl, or substituted alkyl including amino-substituted alkyl; where L is a divalent straight chain C1-12 alkylene or may comprise a C3-8 cycloalkylene, 3-8 membered ring heterocycloalkylene, C2-12 alkenylene, C4-8 cycloalkenylene, 3-8 membered ring heterocycloalkenylene or heteroarylene unit. L may be interrupted by one or more divalent aromatic groups or heteroatomic groups.
  • the aromatic group may include a heteroaromatic.
  • the heteroatom is preferably nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.
  • L is optionally substituted with C1-4 alkyl, C2-4 alkenyl, C2-4 alkynyl, C1-4 alkoxy, amino, C3-6 cycloalkyl, 3-6 membered heterocycloalkyl, monocyclic aryl, 5-6 membered ring heteroaryl, C1-4 alkylcarbonyloxy, C1-4 alkyloxycarbonyl, C1-4 alkylcarbonyl, formyl, C1-4 alkylcarbonylamino, or C1-4 aminocarbonyl.
  • L is further optionally interrupted by —O—, —S—, —N(Rc)-, —N(Rc)-C(O)—, —N(Rc)-C(O)—O—, —O—C(O)—N(Rc)-, —N(Rc)-C(O)—C(O)—N(Rd)-, —O—C(O)—, —C(O)—O—, or —O—C(O)—O—.
  • Each of Rc and Rd is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl (primary, secondary or tertiary), or haloalkyl; and each of X′, X′′ and X′′′ is a C1-18 alkyl, halogen, C1-8 alkoxy, C1-8 alkylcarbonyloxy, or amino group, with the proviso that at least one of X′, X′′, and X′′′ is a labile group. Further, any two or all of X′, X′′ and X′′′ may be joined through a covalent bond.
  • the amino group may be an alkylamino group.
  • amino-substituted organosilanes include 3-triethoxysilyl-N-(1,3-dimethyl-butyliden)propylamine, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]propyl-trimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (SILQUEST A-1110), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (SILQUEST A-1100), 3-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (SILQUEST A-1120), SILQUEST A-1130, (amino ethylaminomethyl)phenethyltrimethoxysilane, (amino ethylaminomethyl)phenethyltriethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropy
  • Additional “precursor” compounds such as a bis-silyl urea [RO) 3 Si(CH 2 )NR] 2 C ⁇ O are also examples of amino-substituted organosilane ester or ester equivalent that liberate amine by first dissociating thermally.
  • the amount of aminosilane is between 0.01% and 10% by weight relative to the functional polymer, preferably between 0.03% and 3%, and more preferably between 0.1% and 1%.
  • the adhesion-promoting reagents can be added to a coating mixture comprising a first organosilane and a liquid crystal silane, as disclosed herein, and contacted with a substrate (e.g., a glass substrate) under conditions that facilitate the formation of Si—O—Si linkages, as described herein.
  • the coating mixture can be contacted with a suitable substrate, as described herein.
  • the silane group in the adhesion-promoting reagent can link a first organosilane molecule to another first organosilane molecule (which may optionally be a component of a polymeric structure), a quaternary ammonium organosilane (e.g., the liquid crystal silane disclosed in U.S. Pat.
  • No. 6,504,582 molecule (which may optionally be a component of a polymeric structure); or the substrate; or the silane group in the adhesion-promoting reagent can link a liquid crystal silane molecule to another liquid crystal silane molecule (which may optionally be a component of a polymeric structure) or to the substrate.
  • the adhesion-promoting reagents can be added to a coating mixture comprising a polymer having a plurality of pendant groups that include a first pendant group that includes a first quaternary ammonium component, a second pendant group that includes a nonpolar component, and subsequently a third pendant group that includes an organosilane or organic silane ester component.
  • the coating mixture further can comprise a first organosilane, as described herein.
  • the coating mixture can be contacted with a suitable substrate and heated as described herein to facilitate the formation of Si—O—Si bonds.
  • one or more adhesion-promoting reagent can be dissolved in an organic solvent and coated onto a suitable substrate (e.g., glass) as described herein to form a first coating.
  • the substrate comprises a layer (i.e., a “primer layer” or “adhesion-promoting” layer) of the adhesion-promoting reagent coated thereon.
  • a composition e.g., a solution
  • the substrate now comprises two layers, the “primer layer” and the antimicrobial polymer layer.
  • the substrate, now comprising two coated layers can be heated (e.g., to about 120 degrees C. for about 3 minutes to about 15 minutes) to facilitate the formation of Si—O—Si bonds and, thereby, covalently couple the polymer to the substrate.
  • one or more catalyst can be used in the process.
  • Suitable catalysts include any compound that promotes the formation of Si—O—Si bonds.
  • suitable catalysts include an acid (e.g., an organic acid), a base (e.g., an organic base), tin octoate and 1,8-Diazabicycloundecene (DBU).
  • the catalyst can be added with the antimicrobial component and the adhesion-promoting reagent, if present, to the first composition described herein.
  • the catalyst can be dissolved in the first composition, second composition, first mixture and/or second mixture described herein.
  • the final concentration of the catalyst in any coating composition is relatively low (e.g., about 0.04 weight percent).
  • concentration of the catalyst should be sufficiently high enough to catalyze the cross-linking reaction, while avoiding substantial interference with the optical properties (e.g., color) of the coating and/or interference with the shelf-life of the coating mixture.
  • Antimicrobial polymers of the present disclosure can be applied as a coating to a variety of substrates.
  • Useful substrates include, for example, non-siliceous ceramic materials, siliceous materials such as glasses and siliceous ceramic materials, metals, metal oxides, natural and man-made stones, woven and non-woven fabrics, wood, and polymeric materials that are either thermoplastic polymers or thermoset polymers.
  • Exemplary polymeric substrates include, but are not limited to, rayon polyester, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly(meth)acrylates, polycarbonates, polystyrenes, polystyrene copolymers such as styrene acrylonitrile copolymers, polyesters, polyethersulfone, acrylics and acrylic copolymers, polyacrylamides, and polyurethanes, and combinations thereof
  • Suitable natural polymer substrates include, for example, polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), wood pulp, cotton, cellulose, rayon, and combinations thereof.
  • the substrates can be used to fabricate a variety of useful articles (e.g., as a part, a portion, or the entirety of the article).
  • the articles comprise a variety of surfaces that may be deliberately or incidentally contacted with microbiologically-contaminated items during routine use.
  • the articles include, for example, electronic displays (e.g., computer touch screens). Suitable articles may be found in food-processing environments (e.g., food-processing rooms, equipment, countertops) and health care environments (e.g., patient care rooms, countertops, bedrails, patient care equipment such as instruments and stethoscopes, and in-dwelling medical devices such as urinary catheters and endotracheal tubes).
  • the present disclosure provides methods for coating the antimicrobial polymer of the present disclosure onto a substrate.
  • the composition e.g., a reaction mixture in a solution
  • solvent e.g., an aqueous solvent, an organic solvent
  • the solvent can be evaporated to leave the antimicrobial polymer in the form of a coating on the substrate.
  • the substrate can be heated before and/or during the contacting step to accelerate the evaporation of the solvent.
  • the substrate is heated to a temperature that does not degrade the function of the polymer or a component of the subtrate onto which the polymer is coated.
  • a suitable temperature for contacting the polymer solution on a glass subtrate is from room temperature to about 120° C. A person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that higher temperatures will facilitate faster removal of organic solvent from the polymer solution.
  • the antimicrobial polymer can be diluted to a final concentration of 1 wt.% to about 20 wt % in the organic solvent before using the diluted solution to coat the antimicrobial polymer onto a substrate. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial polymer is diluted to a final concentration of 1 wt % to about 5 wt % in the organic solvent before using the diluted solution to coat the antimicrobial polymer onto a substrate.
  • Suitable organic solvents to dilute the polymer have a flashpoint below 150° C. and include ethers, ketones esters and alcohols, for example, isopropyl alcohol.
  • FIG. 4 shows one embodiment of a method of preparing a coated article according to the present disclosure.
  • the method includes the step 454 of forming a first composition comprising an antimicrobial polymer in a solvent.
  • the polymer can be formed by mixing a plurality of monomers in a suitable solvent (e.g., an organic solvent such as isopropyl alcohol, for example) as disclosed herein.
  • a relatively small portion (e.g., 3%) of the solvent comprises acidified water. Acidified water in the reaction mixture can facilitate bonding between silane groups.
  • the polymer composition can be diluted (not shown) in a solvent, as described above, before contacting it with a substrate.
  • the method may include optional step 456 of mixing the first composition with a second quaternary ammonium compound and/or a second organosilane compound to form a first mixture.
  • Suitable second quaternary ammonium compounds are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,504,583; and include antimicrobial silanated quaternary amine compounds such as N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)-1-octadecanaminium chloride (CAS Number 27668-52-6), for example.
  • Suitable second organosilane compounds comprise hydrolyzable groups and can facilitate the formation of crosslinks between silanated compounds and/or crosslinks between silanated compounds and a siliceous substrate.
  • suitable second organosilane compounds include alkyl halide organosilane compounds and trimethoxysilyl compounds (e.g., 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane).
  • the method further comprises the step 458 of contacting the first composition with the first substrate under conditions suitable to permit bonding between the antimicrobial polymer and the first substrate.
  • the first composition which may optionally include an antimicrobial monomer, is applied to a first substrate.
  • the first substrate may be any of the suitable substrates disclosed herein.
  • the first substrate may be a coating (e.g., a siliceous coating) on a second substrate (e.g., a polymer or glass substrate).
  • the first substrate may be glass, a polymer film, or a diamond-like glass material. Suitable diamond-like glass materials are described in U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • the first composition may be applied by a variety of processes known in the art such as, for example, wiping, brushing, dip coating, curtain coating, gravure coating, kiss coating, spin coating, and spraying.
  • Contacting the first composition with the substrate further comprises contacting the first composition under conditions that facilitate the formation of Si—O—Si bonds.
  • a person having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that during and after the period which solvent of the first composition evaporates, components of the first composition will begin reacting with each other and/or with the siliceous substrate to form Si—O—Si bonds. This reaction will proceed relatively slowly at ambient temperature (circa 23° C.). Heating the substrate can facilitate the formation of cross-linking covalent bonds between the silane groups in the antimicrobial coating composition and the silane groups on the surface of the first substrate.
  • the formation of the Si—O—Si bonds can be accelerated by the optional step 460 of exposing the coated substrate to an elevated temperature.
  • other forces e.g., hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding, and/or adhesion
  • other forces also may facilitate coupling of components of the antimicrobial coating composition to the first substrate.
  • the contacting step should be performed at temperatures below which the siloxane bonds dissociate.
  • the contacting step can be conducted at about ambient temperature (20-25° C.) for about 10 minutes to about 24 hours. In some embodiments, the contacting step can be conducted at about 130° C. for about 30 seconds to about 3 minutes.
  • the conditions for the contacting step can have a significant impact on the properties of the polymer coating on the substrate. For example, a polymer contacted (“cured”) at room temperature for 24 hours can be measurably more hydrophobic than a polymer cured at about 130° C. for about 3 minutes. In some embodiments, the hydrophobicity of the coating correlates with the durability of the polymer coating on the substrate.
  • the method optionally includes pre-treatments of the substrates by priming, plasma etching, corona for interfacial adhesion of the coating to substrates.
  • the method optionally includes post treatments of the coating by heating or irradiaitons including UV, IR plasma, E-beam for further improvent of interfacial adhesion of the coating to substrates. These treatments can promote inter-polymer crosslinking, as well as increase the number of covalent linkages between the polymer and the substrate, thereby improving the durabilityilty of the coating on the surface of the substrate.
  • the method may include cooling the substrate. Typically, the substrate is cooled to room temperature.
  • the method optionally includes the step 462 of coupling the first substrate to a second substrate.
  • the first substrate may be coupled to the second substrate before or after the step 458 of contacting the first composition or first mixture with the first substrate.
  • the second substrate may be any suitable substrate described herein.
  • the second substate may be a glass layer or particle and the first substrate may be a glass or diamond-like coating and the polymer may be applied to the first substrate after the first substrate is coated onto the second substrate.
  • the first substrate may be a polymer film with adhesive on one major surface of the film.
  • the polymer composition may be applied to the major surface of the film opposite the adhesive and the polymer-coated adhesive film may subsequently be coupled via the adhesive to a second substrate such as a glass or polymer layer, for example.
  • the method further comprises a step of applying a siliceous layer to the first substrate.
  • the first substrate may be any suitable substrate described herein to which a siliceous layer may be applied.
  • the siliceous layer may be applied by methods that are known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
  • a nonlimiting example of applying a siliceous layer to a substrate is described in Example 1 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,294,405; wherein an antiglare hard coat siliceous layer is applied to a glass substrate.
  • the method further includes forming a first composition comprising the antimicrobial polymer in a solvent, as described above, for example.
  • the these embodiments may include the step of mixing the first composition with asecond quaternary ammonium compound to form a first mixture, as described above, for example.
  • the method further includes contacting the first composition or first mixture to the siliceous layer.
  • the first composition or first mixture can be applied by any suitable coating method, such as the coating methods described herein, for example.
  • Contacting the first composition with the siliceous layer further comprises contacting the first composition with the siliceous layer under conditions suitable to facilitate the formation of Si—O—Si bonds, as described herein.
  • contacting the first composition with the first substrate may further comprise treating the polymer-coated substrate with actinic and/or ionizing radiation (e.g., ultraviolet light, e-beam, plasma, or the like). This treatment can promote inter-polymer crosslinking, as well as increase the number of covalent linkages between the polymer and the substrate, thereby improving the durabililty of the coating on the surface of the substrate.
  • pretreatment of siliceous layers or substrates prior to applying antimicrobial polymer compositions of the present disclosure can improve the bonding between the polymer and the substrate (e.g., siliceous material).
  • Pretreatment of the siliceous layer or the substrate may include, for example, soaking the layer or the substrate in a volatile solvent (e.g., water, isopropyl alcohol) and/or wiping the layer or the substrate with the volatile solvent.
  • the solvent may further comprise a solution of a basic compound such as potassium hydroxide, for example.
  • the solvent may be saturated with the solution of the basic compound.
  • pretreatments that include heating the siliceous layer or the substrate from about 100 degrees to about 150 degrees for 20 minutes to 60 minutes can improve the bonding between the polymer and the substrate.
  • Other suitable heat treatments include exposing the siliceous substrate to a temperature from about 475 to about 550 degrees C. for a duration of at least about 3 minutes or longer; preferably, for about 3 minutes to about 10 minutes; more preferably, for about 6 minutes to about 10 minutes.
  • pretreatment by heating the substrate shortly before the antimicrobial coating is applied results in improved bonding (e.g., as measured by the durability of the coating) between the coating and the substrate. The improved bonding can result in significantly greater durability of the polymer layer on the substrate.
  • pretreatment of the substrate by heating removes excess moisture and other impurities (e.g., organic residues) present on the surface of the substrate (e.g., siliceous material) and provides greater ability of the surface silane groups to react with the silanated polymers and/or compounds in the coating compositions disclosed herein.
  • impurities e.g., organic residues
  • Embodiment A is an article, comprising:
  • a touch-sensitive substrate comprising a surface
  • Embodiment B is the article of embodiment A, further comprising a siliceous substrate that includes a first side and a second side, wherein the organic polymer is coupled to the first side of the siliceous substrate, and wherein the touch-sensitive substrate is coupled to the second side of the siliceous substrate.
  • Embodiment C is the article of embodiment A or embodiment B,wherein the article does not comprise a conductive layer.
  • Embodiment D is the article of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the organic polymer further comprises a second quaternary ammonium component.
  • Embodiment E is the article of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the organic polymer further comprises a second organosilane component.
  • Embodiment F is the article of embodiment E, wherein the second organosilane component comprises an alkyl halide.
  • Embodiment G is the article of any one of the preceding embodiments wherein, in the organic polymer, the ratio of the number of N atoms associated with the first quaternary ammonium component and second quaternary ammonium component, if present, and the number of Si atoms associated with the first organosilane component and second organosilane component, if present, is about 0.1:1 to about 10:1.
  • Embodiment H is the article of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein at least one of the pendant components comprises a fluorochemical.
  • Embodiment I is the article of embodiment H, wherein the second pendant group comprises a fluorochemical.
  • Embodiment J is the article of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the contact angle of deionized water deposited on the cured polymer is about 80° to about 120°, using the ASTM D 7334.7606-1 test method.
  • Embodiment K is the article of embodiment J, wherein the contact angle of deionized water deposited on the cured polymer is about 85° to about 110°, as measured by ASTM test method number D 7334.7606-1.
  • Embodiment L is the article of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the scratch resistance of the cured polymer is about #5 to about #8 Moh's hardness, as measured by ASTM test method number D 7027.26676.
  • Embodiment M is the article of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the surface to which the organic polymer is coupled is a glass or a polymeric surface.
  • Embodiment N is the article of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the siliceous substrate is covalently coupled to the touch-sensitive substrate.
  • Embodiment O is the article of any one of embodiments A through P, wherein the substrate further comprises an antiglare component.
  • Embodiment P is a method of making a coated article, the method comprising:
  • Embodiment Q is the method of embodiment P, wherein forming a first mixture further comprises forming a first mixture that includes a catalyst compound.
  • Embodiment R is the method of embodiment P or embodiment Q, wherein forming a first mixture further comprises forming a first mixture comprising a second organosilane component.
  • Embodiment S is the method of any one of embodiments P through R, further comprising coupling the substrate to a touch-sensitive substrate.
  • Embodiment T is the method of embodiment S, wherein coupling the siliceous substrate to the touch-sensitive substrate comprises covalently coupling the siliceous substrate to the touch-sensitive substrate.
  • Embodiment U is a method of making a coated article, the method comprising:
  • Embodiment V is the method of embodiment U, wherein forming a second mixture further comprises forming a first mixture that includes a catalyst compound.
  • Embodiment W is the method of embodiment U or embodiment V, wherein forming a second mixture further comprises forming a second mixture comprising a second quaternary ammonium component.
  • Embodiment X is the method of any one of embodiments U through W, wherein forming a second mixture further comprises forming a second mixture comprising a second organosilane component.
  • Embodiment Y is the method of any one of embodiments U through X, wherein the adhesion-promoting reagent is selected from the group consisting of 3-triethoxysilyl-N-(1,3-dimethyl-butyliden)propylamine, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]propyl-trimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, (aminoethylaminomethyl)phenethyltrimethoxysilane, (aminoethylaminomethyl)phenethyltriethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxy
  • Embodiment Z is The method of any one of embodiments P through Y, further comprising:
  • contacting the second composition with the siliceous substrate occurs prior to contacting the first or second mixture with the siliceous substrate.
  • Embodiment AA is the method of embodiment Z, wherein contacting the second composition with the siliceous substrate further comprises contacting the second composition with the siliceous substrate at a temperature higher than 25° C.
  • Embodiment BB is a method of making a coated article, the method comprising:
  • Embodiment CC is the method of embodiment BB, wherein forming a first mixture further comprises forming a first mixture that includes a catalyst compound.
  • Embodiment DD is the method of embodiment BB or embodiment CC, wherein mixing a second quaternary ammonium component with the first composition further comprises mixing a second organosilane component with the first composition.
  • Embodiment EE is the method of any one of embodiments BB through DD, further comprising, after the contacting step, rinsing the coated article.
  • Embodiment FF is a method of making a coated article, the method comprising:
  • Embodiment GG is the method of embodiment FF, wherein forming a second mixture further comprises mixing a second quaternary ammonium component with the adhesion-promoting reagent and the first composition.
  • Embodiment HH is the method of embodiment FF or embodiment GG, wherein the adhesion-promoting reagent is selected from the group consisting of 3-triethoxysilyl-N-(1,3-dimethyl-butyliden)propylamine, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]propyl-trimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, (aminoethylaminomethyl)phenethyltrimethoxysilane, (aminoethylaminomethyl)phenethyltriethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysi
  • Embodiment II is the method of any one of embodiments BB through HH, further comprising:
  • contacting a second composition with the touch-sensitive substrate occurs prior to contacting the first or second mixture with the siliceous substrate.
  • Embodiment JJ is an antimicrobial composition, comprising:
  • the polymer does not comprise a pendant group that includes a carboxylate or alkoxylate chemical group.
  • Embodiment KK is the antimicrobial composition of embodiment JJ, further comprising a fourth pendant component, wherein the fourth pendant component comprises a polar chemical group.
  • Embodiment LL is a composition, comprising:
  • a polymer having a plurality of pendant groups comprising, a first pendant group comprising a first quaternary ammonium component,
  • Embodiment MM is the composition of embodiment LL, wherein the adhesion-promoting reagent is selected from the group consisting of 3-triethoxysilyl-N-(1,3-dimethyl-butyliden)propylamine, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]propyl-trimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, (aminoethylaminomethyl)phenethyltrimethoxysilane, (aminoethylaminomethyl)phenethyltriethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, bis-
  • Embodiment NN is an article, comprising: aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, a touch-sensitive substrate comprising a surface; aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, a first layer coated on the surface, the first layer comprising an adhesion-promoting reagent; and aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, a second layer coated on the first layer, the second layer comprising an organic polymer having a plurality of pendant groups comprising
  • Embodiment OO is the article of embodiment NN, wherein the adhesion-promoting reagent is selected from the group consisting of 3-triethoxysilyl-N-(1,3-dimethyl-butyliden)propylamine, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]propyl-trimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, (aminoethylaminomethyl)phenethyltrimethoxysilane, (aminoethylaminomethyl)phenethyltriethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, bis-
  • the mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature.
  • the precipitate accumulated in the solution upon standing for couple of hours at room temperature.
  • the reaction mixture was filtered and the white solid filtrate was washed with 1,000 parts of cold EtOAc.
  • the white solid filtrate was dried in a vacuum oven at 40° C. for 8 hours.
  • the solid material was analyzed by NMR spectroscopy, which revealed the presence of >99.9% pure DMAEA-C 16 Br monomer.
  • the monomers e.g., in Example 6, 50 parts of DMAEMA-C 16 Br monomer, 10 parts of A-174 monomer, and 40 parts of IOA monomer
  • the mixture was purged with dry nitrogen for 3 minutes.
  • the reaction bottle was sealed and placed in a 65° C. preheated water bath with mixing.
  • the reaction mixture was heated for 17 hours at 65° C. with mixing.
  • the viscous reaction mixture was analyzed for % solids.
  • an additional 0.1 parts of Vazo-67 was added to the mixture, the solution was purged and sealed.
  • the bottle was placed in the 65° C. water bath with mixing and heated for 8 hours. A conversion of (>99.5%) of the monomers was achieved, as evident by % solids calculation.
  • Conductively-coated glass (part number 29617) was obtained from Pilkington North America, Inc. (Toledo, Ohio). A glare-resistant hardcoat was applied to the glass according to the method described in Example 1 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,294,405. The coated glass was cut into coupons, approximately 4′′ by 4′′ (10.2 cm by 10.2 cm), for coating and testing purposes.
  • Polymer solutions from the Examples shown in Table 3 were diluted in isopropyl alcohol to 5 wt % polymer. Approximately 5 milliliters of the diluted polymer solution were applied to a wipe (Sealed Edge Wiper 6259HC; Coventry, Kennesaw, Ga.), which was used immediately to manually distribute the polymer solution evenly over the surface of the glass coupon. The solvent was removed by heating the sample at 120° C. in a convection oven for 3-4minutes.
  • the glass coupons were washed with soap (Optisolve OP7153-LF detergent; available from Kyzen North America (Manchester, N.H.) and deionized water in a 36′′ Billco Versa Clean Washer (Billco Manufacturing, Inc., Zelienople, Pa.) with attached fluid head and roller wash pan and dried. The dried samples were tested as described below.
  • soap Optisolve OP7153-LF detergent; available from Kyzen North America (Manchester, N.H.
  • deionized water in a 36′′ Billco Versa Clean Washer (Billco Manufacturing, Inc., Zelienople, Pa.) with attached fluid head and roller wash pan and dried. The dried samples were tested as described below.
  • AEM5700 antimicrobial solution was obtained from Aegis Environmental (Midland, Mich.). The AEM5700 was diluted to 1 wt % into IPA to make the working solution.
  • Conductively-coated glass coupons were prepared as described in Examples 40-62. Polymer solutions from the Examples shown in Table 2 were diluted in IPA to 5 wt %. The diluted polymer solutions were mixed 1:1 with the working solution of AEM5700. The resulting mixtures (listed in Table 4) were applied to the glass coupons and the hybrid antimicrobial polymer-coated coupons were treated, cleaned, and dried as described in Examples 40-62.
  • a control (Example 86) consisted of applying 5 milliliters of the AEM5700 working solution directly to a glass coupon and treating, cleaning, and drying the coupon as described for Examples 59-62.
  • Chemstrengthened glass (2.2 mm flowed glass; part no. 37373.2) was obtained from EuropTec USA, Inc. (Clarksburg, W.Va.). The glass was cut into coupons, approximately 4′′ by 4′′ (10.2 cm by 10.2 cm), for coating and testing purposes.
  • Polymer solutions from the Examples shown in Table 3 were diluted in isopropyl alcohol to 5 wt % polymer. Approximately 5 milliliters of the diluted polymer solution were applied to a wipe (Sealed Edge Wiper 6259HC; Coventry, Kennesaw, Ga.), which was used immediately to manually distribute the polymer solution evenly over the surface of the glass coupon. The solvent was removed by heating the sample at 120° C. in a convection oven for 3-4minutes.
  • the glass coupons were washed with soap (Optisolve OP7153-LF detergent; available from Kyzen North America (Manchester, N.H.) and deionized water in a 36′′ Billco Versa Clean Washer (Billco Manufacturing, Inc., Zelienople, Pa.) with attached fluid head and roller wash pan and dried. The dried samples were tested as described below.
  • soap Optisolve OP7153-LF detergent; available from Kyzen North America (Manchester, N.H.
  • deionized water in a 36′′ Billco Versa Clean Washer (Billco Manufacturing, Inc., Zelienople, Pa.) with attached fluid head and roller wash pan and dried. The dried samples were tested as described below.
  • AEM5700 antimicrobial solution was obtained from Aegis Environmental (Midland, Mich.). The AEM5700 was diluted to 1 wt % into IPA to make the working solution. DST glass coupons were prepared as described in Examples 87-109. Polymer solutions from the Examples shown in Table 2 were diluted in IPA to 5 wt %. The diluted polymer solutions were mixed 1:1 with the working solution of AEM5700. The resulting mixtures (shown in Table 6) were applied to the glass coupons and the hybrid antimicrobial polymer-coated coupons were treated, cleaned, and dried as described in Examples 87-109 and were tested as described below.
  • a control (Example 133) consisted of applying 5 milliliters of the AEM5700 working solution directly to a glass coupon and treating, cleaning, and drying the coupon as described for Examples 87-109.
  • TPK antiglare top glass (1.1 mm thick; part no. AG-90) was obtained from TPK Touch Solutions (Xiamen Headquarters, Fujian, China)). The glass was cut into coupons, approximately 4′′ by 4′′ (10.2 cm by 10.2 cm), for coating and testing purposes. Just prior to coating with the antimicrobial polymer solutions, the glass coupons were heated to 130° C. in a convection oven for 30 minutes.
  • Polymer solutions from the Examples shown in Table 3 were diluted in isopropyl alcohol to 5 wt % polymer. Approximately 5 milliliters of the diluted polymer solution were applied to a wipe (Sealed Edge Wiper 6259HC; Coventry, Kennesaw, Ga.), which was used immediately to manually distribute the polymer solution evenly over the surface of the PCT glass coupon.
  • a wipe Sealed Edge Wiper 6259HC; Coventry, Kennesaw, Ga.
  • the solvent was removed by allowing the samples to air-dry at 20° C. for 24 hours.
  • the solvent was removed by heating the sample at 120° C. in a convection oven for 3 minutes. After completely removing the solvent, the glass coupons were wiped with a clean, dry wipe that was identical to the wipe that was used to coat the polymers onto the glass. The dried samples were tested as described below.
  • AEM5700 antimicrobial solution was obtained from Aegis Environmental (Midland, Mich.). The AEM5700 was diluted to 1 wt % into IPA to make the working solution.
  • PCT glass coupons were prepared as described in Examples 134-143. Polymer solutions from the Examples shown in Table 2 were diluted in IPA to 5 wt %. The diluted polymer solutions were mixed 1:1 with the working solution of AEM5700. The resulting mixtures (shown in Table 8) were applied to the glass coupons and the hybrid antimicrobial polymer-coated coupons were treated, dried, and cleaned as described in Examples 134-143 and were tested as described below.
  • Controls (Examples 149 and 155) consisted of applying 5 milliliters of the AEM5700 working solution directly to a glass coupon and treating, cleaning, and drying the coupon as described for Examples 134-143.
  • ASTM test methods are published by ASTM International (West Conshohocken, Pa.). The coated glass substrates were tested for a variety of physical properties. The hydrophobicity of the polymer-coated surface was tested by measuring the contact angle of a drop of deionized water using the ASTM D7334.7606 test method. The scratch resistance of the polymer-coated surface was tested using the ASTM D7027-05 test (“Scratch test”) with a constant load of 1000 g using Moh's hardness pens. The result is reported as the hardest pen that did not cause a scratch with the 1000 g load.
  • the transmitted haze and transmittance of the polymer-coated glass substrates were measured using the ASTM D1003 on the Haze Gard Plus meter, from BYK-Gardner GmbH, Geretsried, Germany, and transmission is reported as the percent of light transmitted through the sample.
  • the clarity was measured using a BYK-Gardner Haze Gard Plus instrument, calibrated using 0% (Black cover) standard and a clarity standard of 77.8% provided by BYK-Garner (catalog #4732).
  • Reflected Haze is measured according to test method ASTM E430. Gloss at 20° and 60° was measured on a BYK Gloss meter using ASTM D523 test method.
  • the eraser rub test which is a measurement of the durability of the coating, was performed according to the United States Military Specification for the Coating of Optical Glass Elements (MIL-C-675C) dated 22 Aug. 1980. The value reported is the number of eraser rubs required to remove the coating from the glass.
  • Tables 9-11 show the results of screening a variety of antimicrobial polymer and hybrid antimicrobial polymer compositions for their physical properties on each respective type of glass substrate.
  • Pencil # 7 90.93 7.51 88.47 446.00 76.30 82.80 50 comp. 53.17 Pencil # 7 91.73 7.56 88.23 439.67 71.87 83.33 51 comp. 67.11 Pencil # 6 91.77 7.28 88.17 429.67 71.97 83.80 52 comp. 53.04 Pencil # 6 91.73 8.29 89.33 423.67 68.07 77.67 53 comp. 53.34 Pencil # 6 91.77 7.83 88.20 433.67 66.13 74.53 54 comp.
  • Pencil # 7 90.97 8.31 88.80 451.00 76.27 82.17 73 comp. 67.17 Pencil # 7 91.57 7.68 89.57 421.00 71.17 80.47 74 comp. 77.47 Pencil # 8 91.70 7.03 89.43 432.00 76.27 87.67 75 comp. 65.68 Pencil # 6 91.63 7.28 88.20 434.33 76.83 86.70 76 comp. 67.11 Pencil # 7 91.80 7.49 88.50 463.00 73.60 84.30 77 comp.
  • Examples 149 and 150 are the averages (and standard deviations) for ten independent determinations of the physical characteristic for two separate coupons of glass that were coated on separate days with the same working solution of AEM5700. Comparative examples, which do not comprise an organosilane pendant group, are designated with the notation “comp.”.
  • Antimicrobial activity of the coated glass substrates was tested using three standard methods.
  • the ASTM 2149 test method (ASTM International; West Conshohocken, Pa.) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the non-leaching antimicrobial polymer-coated surfaces of the glass coupons.
  • Overnight cultures of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Staphylococcus. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) were diluted in phosphate buffer to a concentration of approximately 1 ⁇ 10 6 CFU/ml.
  • a 1 ⁇ 1-inch (2.54 cm ⁇ 2.54 cm) square of glass sample was placed into a tube containing 50m1 of dilute bacterial suspensions. The samples were incubated with constant agitation for 24 hours at 28+/ ⁇ 1° C.
  • the JIS Z 2801 test method (Japan Industrial Standards; Japanese Standards Association; Tokyo, JP) was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of antibacterial polymer-coated glass substrates.
  • the bacterial inoculum was prepared in a solution of 1 part Nutrient Broth (NB) and 499 parts phosphate buffer. A portion of the inoculum was used to determine the number of viable bacteria in the inoculum. Another portion of the bacterial suspension (150 ⁇ L) was placed onto the surface of the glass sample and the inoculated glass sample was incubated for the specified contact time at 28+/ ⁇ 1° C. (see FIG. 5 ). After incubation, the glass sample was placed into 20 ml of D/E Neutralizing Broth.
  • FIG. 6 shows a comparison of the results from 5 different coated samples that were tested using the ASTM 2149 test method and the JIS Z 2801 test method. This experimental data from the JIS test method showed a greater than 3-log reduction of the microorganisms after a two hour contact time with the antimicrobial polymer-treated glass samples.
  • the control was SCT glass that was not treated with an antimicrobial polymer.
  • Test method ASTM E2180-01 was designed to evaluate quantitatively the antimicrobial effectiveness of antimicrobial coatings on the coated surfaces. Overnight cultures of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) were used to inoculate the agar slurry, which was applied to the antimicrobial polymer-coated surface of the glass samples. The microorganisms were recovered from inoculated agar slurry using Dey/Engley (D/E) Neutralizing Broth. Bacterial plate counts were performed using 3M Petrifilm Aerobic Count (AC) Plates (3M Company, St. Paul, Minn., USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The colony counts were recorded as colony-forming unit (CFU) per cm 2 .
  • CFU colony-forming unit
  • the polymer-treated glass samples were compared to an untreated sample of PET film (Acrylate-primer coated polyethylene terephthalate film, 4 mil (0.10 mm) thick, obtained from Mitsubishi Polyester Film, Greer, S.C.). The results (not shown) indicate that each of the antimicrobial polymer-treated glass samples had a log 10 reduction of about 0.5 to about 0.8 using this test method.
  • a comparative antimicrobial polymer was synthesized according to Example No. 2 of PCT Patent Application Publication No. WO2010/036465.
  • the polymer was diluted in IPA to 5 wt % and was coated onto conductively-coated glass (part number 29617), obtained from Pilkington North America, Inc. (Toledo, Ohio), as described in Examples 40-62 above.
  • the surface hydrophobicity of the resulting coated substrate was compared to the coated sample of Example 65 by measuring the contact angle of a drop of deionized water on each coated substrate using ASTM test method D7334.7606. The results are shown in Table 12. The results indicate that the antimicrobial polymer of Example 65 was more hydrophobic than the polymer of comparative Example 158.
  • Samples of SCT glass were prepared and coated using the procedures described in Examples 40-62.
  • Samples of PCT glass were prepared and coated using the procedures described in Examples 134-143.
  • the respective coating formulations are listed in Table 13.
  • A1120 N-(beta-aminoethyl)-gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane was added to the coating solutions as an adhesion-promoting reagent.
  • Tin-octoate was added to the coating solutions as a catalyst to promote cross-linking reactions.
  • the coated substrates in Examples 159, 161, and 162 were placed in a convection oven (138° C.) for 4 minutes and then cooled to room temperature.
  • Example 160 After applying the coating formulations to the glass and allowing evaporation of the solvent, the coated substrates in Example 160 was placed in a convection oven (120° C.) for 3 minutes and then cooled to room temperature. After cooling, all substrates were immediately washed in a Billco washer as described in Examples 40-62.
  • Example Substrate Coating Formulation 159 SCT A 1:1 blend of 3 Wt % (in IPA) AEM5700 and 5 Wt % (in IPA) of the polymer of Example 6, to which 2 Wt % tin-octoate and 0.04 Wt % A1120 were added.
  • the samples were tested for antimicrobial activity using the JIS Z 2801 test procedure described in Example 157. Uncoated samples of each type of glass were used as controls.
  • the bacterial inoculum was prepared in a solution of 1 part Nutrient Broth (NB) and 499 parts phosphate buffer. A portion of the inoculum was used to determine the number of viable bacteria in the inoculum. Another portion of the bacterial suspension (150 ⁇ L) was placed onto the surface of the glass sample and the inoculated glass sample was incubated for the specified contact time at 28° ⁇ 1° C. After incubation, the glass sample was placed into 20 ml of D/E Neutralizing Broth.
  • the number of surviving bacteria in the Neutralizing broth was determined by inoculating the broth onto nutrient agar using a Spiral Plater WASP, incubating the plates for 24 hours at 35° C. ⁇ 1° C. and counting the colonies using a colony reader (ProtoCol colony Counter; Microbiology International; Frederick, Md.). The results are shown in Tables 14 and 15, which show data from experiments conducted on separate days.
  • Samples of SCT glass were prepared and coated using the procedures described in Examples 40-62.
  • Samples of PCT glass were prepared and coated using the procedures described in Examples 134-143.
  • the respective coating formulations are listed in Table 13.
  • A1120 N-(beta-aminoethyl)-gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane was added to the coating solutions as an adhesion-promoting reagent.
  • Tin-octoate was added to the coating solutions as a catalyst to promote cross-linking reactions.
  • the coated substrates in Comparative Example 161 was placed in a convection oven (138° C.) for 4 minutes and then cooled to room temperature.
  • the coated substrates in Comparative Example 162 was placed in a convection oven (120° C.) for 3 minutes and then cooled to room temperature. After cooling, all substrates were immediately washed in a Billco washer as described in Examples 40-62.
  • Comparative Example 163-164 Comparative Example Substrate Coating Formulation 163 SCT A mixture of 3 Wt % AEM5700 in IPA with 2 Wt % tin-octoate and 0.04% A1120. 164 PCT A mixture of 3 Wt % AEM5700 in IPA with 2 Wt % tin-octoate and 0.04% A1120.

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US9809717B2 (en) 2017-11-07
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US20150175812A1 (en) 2015-06-25
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EP2576471B1 (en) 2017-10-25
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CN102947237A (zh) 2013-02-27
EP2576472B1 (en) 2016-03-23

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