US20110237162A1 - Apparatus for aerohydrodynamic abrasive cleaning of surfaces, sprayer for the same, and method for aerohydrodynamic abrasive cleaning of surfaces - Google Patents

Apparatus for aerohydrodynamic abrasive cleaning of surfaces, sprayer for the same, and method for aerohydrodynamic abrasive cleaning of surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110237162A1
US20110237162A1 US13/065,279 US201113065279A US2011237162A1 US 20110237162 A1 US20110237162 A1 US 20110237162A1 US 201113065279 A US201113065279 A US 201113065279A US 2011237162 A1 US2011237162 A1 US 2011237162A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
cleaning
sprayer
abrasive
nozzle
container
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Abandoned
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US13/065,279
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English (en)
Inventor
Alexandr Viktorovich Kostevich
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Individual
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
    • B24C7/0007—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a liquid carrier
    • B24C7/0038—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a liquid carrier the blasting medium being a gaseous stream

Definitions

  • the group of inventions relates to mechanical spray treatment of materials and can be used in various fields for cleaning any surfaces from organic and inorganic dirt, removing coatings, including coating removal layer by layer; for imparting new adhesive properties to the surface cleaned; combining surface cleaning and passivating; and cleaning many types of items meeting specific requirements to fatigue strength and uncontrollable chemical processes in operation.
  • the invention can be used in the heavy and metal industries, for example, on the shop floor of metal making plants for removing scale from the surface of semi-manufactured products made of ferrous and nonferrous metals; in blank production shops of mechanical engineering plants for removing oxide films, rust, and so on; cleaning prior to painting; preparing surfaces for welding, brazing, and application of corrosion-resistant and other protective coats; dimensionless grinding preceding final polishing of components; cleaning filled floors; and so on.
  • the invention can be used, for example, for cleaning and treating the blades of turbine rotors at cogeneration plants, hydroelectric power plants, nuclear power plants (repairs of gas turbine and steam engines, turbines, and so on), and aircraft engines; cleaning and treating the blades of turbine rotors of oil and gas piping equipment; cleaning pipeline elements and threads; deactivating radioactive contamination, and so on.
  • the invention can be used for cleaning railroad cars from dirt, including graffiti, cleaning railroad cars, wheel sets of railroad cars prior to flaw detection procedures; cleaning vehicle bodies and preparing components prior to painting; and cleaning ship hulls, components, and equipment.
  • the invention can be used for cleaning various house front surfaces from atmospheric pollutants, dirt and soil, artificial pollution, and biological destructive agents.
  • the prior art apparatus for aerohydrodynamic abrasive cleaning of surfaces comprises a container for preparing an abrasive suspension, including a stirring mechanism provided with a bladed stirrer, and a sprayer provided with a flaring nozzle to spray the abrasive suspension and connected to the container and a compressed air device.
  • the prior art apparatus is disadvantageous because of the low quality of cleaning by mixtures containing relatively coarse and/or nonuniform grains.
  • the prior art sprayer for aerohydrodynamic abrasive cleaning of surfaces comprises a hollow body provided with a flaring nozzle at the outlet, and a compressed air flow channel and a cleaning suspension flow channel, both connected to the body interior.
  • the prior art sprayer is disadvantageous because of its low cleaning efficiency due to improper matching of the suspension spray velocity, concentration of abrasive particles in the suspension, and the shape and effective area of the cleaning flare.
  • the prior art method for aerohydrodynamic abrasive cleaning of surfaces comprises injecting compressed gas into the abrasive suspension flow to produce aerosol particles and directing the stream of aerosol particles from the sprayer nozzle at the surface being cleaned.
  • the prior art method is disadvantageous because of its low cleaning efficiency due to improper matching of the suspension spray velocity, concentration of abrasive particles in the suspension, and the shape and effective area of the cleaning flare.
  • the technical result of the claimed group of inventions consists in increasing output, efficiency, and quality of cleaning by improving the uniformity of abrasive material grains and imparting a high velocity to the suspension spray, enlarging the effective cleaning area, and achieving optimal distribution of abrasive particles and water therein.
  • an apparatus for aerohydrodynamic abrasive cleaning of surfaces comprising a container for preparing abrasive suspension that has a stirring mechanism including a stirrer having at least one blade, and a sprayer for spraying the abrasive suspension that is connected to said container and to a compressed gas supply device, said stirrer of the stirring mechanism comprising a comminuting cutter provided thereon in the bottom part of the container.
  • the stirring mechanism may comprise an air motor connected to the stirrer and to the compressed gas supply device through an air preparation unit that includes a drier and a lubricant supply device.
  • the suspension preparation container may be provided with a filling funnel having a locking device.
  • the apparatus may be provided with a washing liquid container connected to the sprayer through an air pump that is connected to the compressed air supply device through the air preparation unit including a drier and a lubricant supply device.
  • the apparatus units may be interconnected by hoses provided with valves, the hoses connected to the sprayer having pressure gauges.
  • the grain non-uniformity problem has been resolved by providing the apparatus with a comminuting cutter, a structural element that makes the mass uniform and suitable for producing an AHD mixture and helps grind larger grains to a particle size of 100 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m that are more effective in cleaning a larger area in square meters per hour.
  • the object of this invention is also achieved by the specific design of a sprayer for aerohydrodynamic cleaning of surfaces that contains a hollow body provided with a nozzle at the outlet thereof, a compressed air flow channel and a cleaning suspension flow channel, both connected to the body interior, the compressed air flow channel being connected to the cylindrical interior of the body at the side opposite to the nozzle, the sprayer being provided with an atomizer in the shape of T pipe placed within the body interior, the crosspiece of the T pipe extending along the body axis and the vertical leg thereof being connected to the cleaning suspension flow channel; the nozzle having a tapering part and a cylindrical part at the outlet thereof, and the outlet aperture of the atomizer being positioned at a distance from the inlet of the cylindrical part of the nozzle to provide a zone for accelerating the aerosol particles of the cleaning suspension.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved in a method for aerohydrodynamic abrasive cleaning of surfaces comprising injecting compressed air into the abrasive suspension flow to produce aerosol particles and directing the stream of aerosol particles from the sprayer nozzle at the surface, the aerosol particles produced as above being accelerated within the sprayer before they are ejected from the nozzle.
  • a nozzle having a part that does not flare at the outlet thereof.
  • the abrasive suspension used for the purposes of this invention contains solid particles of loam and silica in water in the following proportions of solids, in mass %:
  • loam and silica solids it is preferred for loam and silica solids to have a size ranging from 100 ⁇ m to 1.8 mm.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of the claimed apparatus
  • FIG. 2 is a view of a first embodiment of a through sprayer using a T pipe
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing connections between the units of the claimed apparatus.
  • the apparatus for aerohydrodynamic abrasive cleaning of surfaces (see: FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 ) comprises a container 1 for preparing abrasive suspension that includes a stirring mechanism and a sprayer 2 for spraying the abrasive suspension connected to container 1 and a compressed gas supply device 3 .
  • the stirring mechanism comprises a stirrer 4 and an air motor 5 associated therewith and connected to a compressed gas supply device 3 through an air preparation unit 6 that includes a drier 7 and a lubricant supply device 8 .
  • Stirrer 4 is provided with blades 9 and a comminuting cutter 10 provided thereon in the bottom part of container 1 .
  • Stirring container 1 is provided with a filling funnel 11 having a locking device 12 .
  • the apparatus has a washing liquid container 13 connected to sprayer 2 through an air pump 14 connected to compressed air supply device 3 through air preparation unit 6 .
  • the apparatus units are interconnected by hoses provided with valves 15 , with pressure gauges 29 provided on the hoses connected to sprayer 2 .
  • the hose connecting air preparation unit 6 to container 1 is provided with a pressure gauge 30 .
  • the top part of container 1 is provided with a filling aperture 31 and a 6 atm. safety valve 32 .
  • Sprayer 2 (see: FIG. 2 ) comprises a hollow body and a nozzle 17 at the outlet thereof.
  • the interior of container 1 is connected to a compressed air flow channel and a cleaning suspension flow channel 19 .
  • Compressed air flow channel 18 is connected to the cylindrical interior of body 1 at the side thereof opposite to nozzle 17 .
  • the interior of body 1 houses an atomizer in the form of a T pipe 20 , the crosspiece 21 thereof extending along the body axis, and the vertical leg 21 thereof being connected to cleaning suspension flow channel 19 ′.
  • Nozzle 17 has a tapering part 23 and a cylindrical part 24 at the outlet thereof, the outlet opening 25 of the atomizer being spaced at a distance from the inlet of cylindrical part 24 of nozzle 17 to provide an acceleration zone for the aerosol particles of the cleaning suspension.
  • Sprayer 2 has a clearly defined zone (Zone A) for accelerating the incoming air. It also has a Zone B for accelerating the mixture of air and cleaning suspension for mixing air with the suspension and initially accelerating the resultant mixture, and a Zone C in nozzle 24 of the accelerator for accelerating the mixture still further to produce a working flare of a large area and high cleaning efficiency.
  • Zone A for accelerating the incoming air. It also has a Zone B for accelerating the mixture of air and cleaning suspension for mixing air with the suspension and initially accelerating the resultant mixture, and a Zone C in nozzle 24 of the accelerator for accelerating the mixture still further to produce a working flare of a large area and high cleaning efficiency.
  • loam and quartz dust mixtures used for cleaning purposes are examples of loam and quartz dust mixtures used for cleaning purposes:
  • PP-MT 30 30% of loam and 70% of powdered quartz
  • PP-MT 50 50% of loam and 50% of powdered quartz
  • PP-MT 70 70% of loam and 30% of powdered quartz
  • PP-MT 90 90% of loam and 10% of powdered quartz.
  • the cleaning mixtures are dispersions of washed loam and special-purpose additives.
  • the above-mentioned mixtures may comprise GOST-28177-89 Standard loam of grain size down to 40 ⁇ m and GOST-9077-82 Standard powdered quartz of grain size down to 40 ⁇ m.
  • grains ranging from 100 ⁇ m to 1.8 mm in size.
  • Coarser grains are used for removing heavy pollution such as corrosion and aged paint and allow surfaces to be cleaned to quality Sa2 under ISO 8501-1 Standards, and finer grains (between 100 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m) are further comminuted as they are mixed and are suitable for AHD cleaning and treating surfaces without modifying the chemical composition of the surface layer thereof, which is a critical factor for many types of items required to have a high fatigue strength and resistance to uncontrolled chemical processes in operation, and achieve cleaning quality of Sa3 under ISO 8501-1 Standards.
  • the choice of a cleaning mixture depends on the extent and type of pollution of the surface to be cleaned, equipment, finishing materials, conditions of house front walls, and presence of architectural features, and is dictated by the technique adopted for a specific job.
  • a majority of pollutions are cleaned by a mixture of no more than 6 liters of cleaning mixture and 40 liters of water. Tap water is used for ultimately washing the cleaning products off the front wall of a house.
  • the PP-MT 30 mixture is used for cleaning heavy pollution, removing paint from a surface, removing rust and scale, for example, cleaning metal structures made from aluminum alloys and other nonferrous metals from atmospheric and other pollution.
  • the PP-MT 50 mixture is used for cleaning moderate pollutions, removing paint layer by layer, removing rust, moss, mildew, soot, graffiti from house front walls, and cleaning turbine rotors and architectural monuments.
  • the PP-MT 70 mixture is used for removing light pollutions, traces of salt, and dirt, soil, and atmospheric pollutions.
  • the PP-MT 90 mixture is used for cleaning fragile surfaces from light pollutions.
  • powdered lime that conforms to the GOST-9179-77 Standards having a grain size of up to 100 ⁇ m may be used as a cleaning mixture.
  • the claimed method is performed during the operation of the apparatus as follows:
  • the apparatus can operate in the cleaning, washing/waterproofing, and drying modes.
  • the operating modes of the sprayer are selected by opening or closing the respective valves provided on sprayer 2 and having pipes connected thereto.
  • the apparatus has to be operated at an ambient air temperature of or above +5° C.
  • the spacing between the surface being cleaned and the outlet aperture of nozzle 24 is preferably between 50 and 180 mm.
  • the nozzle axis has to be directed at an angle of 60 to 80 degrees to the house front wall being cleaned.
  • Operation of the apparatus comprises the successive steps of:
  • air flows under a pressure of 4 to 12 atm. into air supply device 3 where it is distributed to the respective systems. Air is dried in drier 7 of air preparation unit 6 and lubricant is added thereto from lubricant supply device 8 .
  • Air also flows from unit 6 to container 1 for preparing abrasive suspension and maintaining pressure therein at 1 to 1.5 atm. required for preparing a suspension and pumping it through a hose to sprayer 2 .
  • the suspension is pumped from container 1 through channel 19 to pipe 20 or to an annular chamber 27 to be mixed at the outlet thereof with the air stream flowing under high pressure in channel 18 from device 3 and is accelerated. From that point on, the mixture of air and suspension is accelerated to high velocities.
  • the stream effect produces the so-called hydro-abrasive aerosol consisting of abrasive particles, air, and liquid.
  • the hydro-abrasive aerosol thus produced is used to clean surfaces.
  • the high-velocity air stream (flowing at over 500 m/sec) is the energy agent carrying aerosol particles in the AHD method.
  • Aerosol particles are water molecules gathered into drops under high pressure (about 1 atm.), with solid particles (abrasive dust) measuring between 300 nm and 40 ⁇ m trapped inside them. As water strikes a surface, it reduces, due to the Rebinder effect, the strength of the surface being cleaned, whereupon an abrasive particle destroys the dirt, and water flushes out the broken fragments and washes them away together with the abrasive used.
  • the working fluid carries abrasive particles from the supply container to the surface being treated, cleans the surface being treated continuously, removes the spent abrasive particles and particles of the material dislodged, prevents dusting, controls the heat in the treatment zone, and allows cleaning wastes to be collected and the working mixture to be used again.
  • air pump 14 In the washing/waterproofing mode, air pump 14 , also operated by air supplied from device 3 , forces water or waterproofing agent from washing liquid container 13 through a hose to sprayer 2 .
  • the drying mode is turned on by closing two valves 15 on the hoses connected to containers 1 and 13 and opening valve 15 of the hose connected to air supply device 3 .
  • the air stream ejected as a result from sprayer 2 is used to dry a damp surface.
  • the claimed method used to treat a surface does not affect negatively the original surface of metal, which is an advantage that distinguishes it from other cleaning and deactivating methods. Treatment by the claimed method does not alter the physical and chemical composition of the surface layer of metal, which is a valuable factor for many types of components required to be resistant to fatigue strength deterioration and uncontrollable chemical processes in operation. Moreover, the claimed method helps improve the adhesive properties of metal because of reduced water absorption by the surface thereof following treatment by the claimed method.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
US13/065,279 2010-03-23 2011-03-18 Apparatus for aerohydrodynamic abrasive cleaning of surfaces, sprayer for the same, and method for aerohydrodynamic abrasive cleaning of surfaces Abandoned US20110237162A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2010110986/05A RU2450906C2 (ru) 2010-03-23 2010-03-23 Установка для аэрогидродинамической абразивной очистки поверхностей, форсунка для нее (варианты), способ аэрогидродинамической абразивной очистки поверхностей и состав для нее
RU2010110986 2010-03-23

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104973604A (zh) * 2015-07-16 2015-10-14 安徽东阳矿业科技有限公司 一种石英砂提纯在线加料冲洗分选装置
US10416061B2 (en) * 2017-12-08 2019-09-17 Fca Us Llc Blank washer inspection system
USD919208S1 (en) * 2019-07-26 2021-05-11 Kärcher North America, Inc. Portable cleaning device

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113880297A (zh) * 2021-09-30 2022-01-04 深水海纳水务集团股份有限公司 一种氯代有机物污水的处理方法

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RU2242298C1 (ru) * 2003-04-03 2004-12-20 Закрытое Акционерное Общество Научно-Производственное Предприятие "Нефтетрубосервис" Установка абразивно-струйной очистки внутренней резьбовой поверхности муфты и инструмент абразивно-струйной очистки
RU2252084C2 (ru) * 2003-07-08 2005-05-20 Виктор Иванович Савченко Состав для гидроабразивной очистки поверхностей деталей и дезактивации
JP4878150B2 (ja) * 2005-11-18 2012-02-15 安部ガナイト工業株式会社 ブラスト方法
RU2325987C2 (ru) * 2006-08-01 2008-06-10 Виктор Петрович Крючков Устройство для абразивно-струйной обработки поверхности

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104973604A (zh) * 2015-07-16 2015-10-14 安徽东阳矿业科技有限公司 一种石英砂提纯在线加料冲洗分选装置
US10416061B2 (en) * 2017-12-08 2019-09-17 Fca Us Llc Blank washer inspection system
USD919208S1 (en) * 2019-07-26 2021-05-11 Kärcher North America, Inc. Portable cleaning device

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RU2450906C2 (ru) 2012-05-20
RU2010110986A (ru) 2011-09-27
WO2011119069A1 (ru) 2011-09-29

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