US20110005227A1 - Exhaust gas heat recovery unit and exhaust gas heat recovery method - Google Patents

Exhaust gas heat recovery unit and exhaust gas heat recovery method Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110005227A1
US20110005227A1 US12/921,911 US92191109A US2011005227A1 US 20110005227 A1 US20110005227 A1 US 20110005227A1 US 92191109 A US92191109 A US 92191109A US 2011005227 A1 US2011005227 A1 US 2011005227A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
heat
recovery unit
working fluid
heater
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US12/921,911
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English (en)
Inventor
Masao Toi
Tomoki Mabuchi
Hiroyuki Toki
Yasutoshi Yamanaka
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Publication date
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Assigned to TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA reassignment TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MABUCHI, TOMOKI, TOI, MASAO, TOKI, HIROYUKI, YAMANAKA, YASUTOSHI
Publication of US20110005227A1 publication Critical patent/US20110005227A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0266—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0233—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes the conduits having a particular shape, e.g. non-circular cross-section, annular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/126—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element consisting of zig-zag shaped fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2215/00—Fins
    • F28F2215/04—Assemblies of fins having different features, e.g. with different fin densities
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an exhaust gas heat recovery unit and exhaust gas heat recovery method used for vehicles such as automobiles.
  • JP-A-04-45393 describes a heat exchanger of the loop heat pipe type, which operates on heat pipe principle.
  • This heat exchanger includes a sealed circulation passage that forms a closed loop, an evaporable and condensable working fluid that is hermitically sealed in the circulation passage, an evaporator that is provided in the circulation passage and that evaporates the working fluid using externally transferred heat, and a condenser that is arranged at a position higher than the evaporator provided in the circulation passage and that conducts heat exchange between the working fluid evaporated at the evaporator and an externally supplied heat transfer fluid.
  • JP-A-2006-313056 describes a technology that is applied when a heat exchanger of the loop heat pipe type is used as an exhaust gas heat recovery unit.
  • multiple heat pipes each of which has a heater that heats working fluid using the heat of exhaust gas and an evaporator that evaporates the working fluid heated by the heater using the heat of exhaust gas, are arranged in parallel with each other in the horizontal direction.
  • headers (communication portions) are provided to provide communication among upper end portions of the heat pipes and among lower end portions of the heat pipes.
  • the header on the side of the evaporators of the heat pipes is connected to a condenser so that the evaporated working fluid is used for heat exchange with a warming-up target.
  • the header on the side of the heaters of the heat pipes is connected via a fluid passage to the condenser so that the working fluid condensed through heat exchange with the warming-up target is returned to the heat pipes.
  • Fins that receive the heat of exhaust gas are provided on the outer peripheries of the heat pipes. In each heat pipe, the fin pitch at the heater and the fin pitch at the evaporator are substantially equal to each other.
  • the fin pitch is constant throughout the entire outer periphery of each heat pipe, that is, the fin pitch at the heater and the fin pitch at the evaporator are substantially equal to each other. Therefore, the amount of heat that the fins at the heater receive and the amount of heat that the fins at the evaporator receive are substantially equal to each other.
  • the exhaust gas heat recovery unit is exposed to an ambient temperature of equal to or lower than the freezing temperature, for example, in the case of cold starting of an engine, the amount of heat applied to the heater that stores the working fluid needs to be larger than the amount of heat applied to the evaporator that does not store the working fluid.
  • the amount of heat applied to the heater is equal to the amount of heat applied to the evaporator. Therefore, it takes a long time for the heater to heat the working fluid using the heat received from exhaust gas. Accordingly, for example, in the case of cold starting of the engine, it is not possible to heat the working fluid quickly to circulate it smoothly. As a result, it is not possible to efficiently recover the heat with the use of the exhaust gas heat recovery unit.
  • the invention provides an exhaust gas heat recovery unit and exhaust gas heat recovery method that makes it possible to recover heat efficiently by promptly heating a working fluid at a heater portion in a short time using exhaust gas in the case of cold starting of an engine.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to an exhaust gas heat recovery unit including a heat pipe that is provided in an exhaust pipe and that includes a heater portion which heats a working fluid using heat of exhaust gas discharged from an engine and an evaporator portion which evaporates the working fluid, heated by the heater portion, using the heat of the exhaust gas. Fins that receive a predetermined amount of heat of the exhaust gas are provided on the outer periphery of the heat pipe.
  • the pitch of the fins on the outer periphery of the heater portion of the heat pipe is set to a pitch smaller than the pitch of the fins on the outer periphery of the evaporator portion of the heat pipe.
  • the amount of heat that the fins on the heater portion receive is larger than the amount of heat that the fins on the evaporator portion receive. Therefore, in the case where the exhaust gas heat recovery unit is exposed to an ambient temperature of equal to or lower than the freezing temperature of the working fluid, for example, in the case of cold starting of the engine, a sufficient amount of heat of the exhaust gas is applied to the heater portion that stores the working fluid, and the working fluid in the heating portion is promptly heated by the sufficient amount of heat received from the exhaust gas. As a result, it is possible to smoothly circulate the working fluid to efficiently recover the heat with the use of the exhaust gas heat recovery unit, in the case of cold starting of the engine.
  • the working fluid may flow in the heat pipe.
  • the pitch of the fins on the outer periphery of the heater portion of the heat pipe may be set in such a manner that an amount Qex of heat that is received from the exhaust gas within a predetermined period from cold starting of the engine is larger than an amount Qk of heat that is required to increase the temperature of the working fluid in the heater portion of the heat pipe, which is exposed to an ambient temperature of equal to or lower than the freezing temperature of the working fluid at cold starting time of the engine, to a temperature equal to or higher than the freezing temperature (Qex>Qk).
  • the pitch of the fins on the outer periphery of the heater portion of the heat pipe is set in such a manner that the temperature of the working fluid, which is exposed to an ambient temperature of equal to or lower than the freezing temperature of the working fluid at cold starting time of the engine, is increased to a temperature equal to or higher than the freezing temperature by the amount Qex of heat that is received from the exhaust gas within the predetermined period from cold starting of the engine.
  • the exhaust gas heat recovery unit the first aspect of the invention may further include a condenser that is provided outside the exhaust pipe, and that condenses the working fluid, which has been evaporated at the evaporator portion of the heat pipe, by conducting heat exchange with an externally supplied heat transfer fluid, and a fluid passage which is formed outside the exhaust pipe, which extends near the heater portion, and through which the working fluid condensed by the condenser is discharged from the condenser.
  • a condenser that is provided outside the exhaust pipe, and that condenses the working fluid, which has been evaporated at the evaporator portion of the heat pipe, by conducting heat exchange with an externally supplied heat transfer fluid, and a fluid passage which is formed outside the exhaust pipe, which extends near the heater portion, and through which the working fluid condensed by the condenser is discharged from the condenser.
  • the pitch of the fins on the outer periphery of the heater portion of the heat pipe may be set in such a manner that an amount Qex of heat that is received from the exhaust gas within a predetermined period from cold starting of the engine is larger than the sum of an amount Qp of heat that is required to increase the temperature of the working fluid in the fluid passage, which is exposed to an ambient temperature of equal to or lower than the freezing temperature of the working fluid at cold starting time of the engine, to a temperature equal to or higher than the freezing temperature and an amount Qk of heat that is required to increase the temperature of the working fluid in the heater portion of the heat pipe, which is exposed to an ambient temperature of equal to or lower than the freezing temperature of the working fluid at cold starting time of the engine, to a temperature equal to or higher than the freezing temperature (Qex>Qk+Qp).
  • the pitch of the fins on the outer periphery of the heater portion of the heat pipe is set in such a manner that the temperature of the working fluid, which is exposed to an ambient temperature of equal to or lower than the freezing temperature of the working fluid at cold starting time of the engine, is increased to a temperature equal to or higher than the freezing temperature by the amount Qex of heat that is received from the exhaust gas within the predetermined period from cold starting of the engine. Therefore, in the case where the exhaust gas heat recovery unit is exposed to an ambient temperature of equal to or lower than the freezing temperature of the working fluid, in the case of cold starting of the engine, a sufficient amount of heat of the exhaust gas is applied to the heater portion that stores the working fluid, and the heat of the exhaust gas applied to the heater portion is sufficiently transferred to the working fluid in the fluid passage.
  • the working fluid in the heating portion and the working fluid in the fluid passage are promptly heated by the sufficient amount of heat received from the exhaust gas.
  • the pitch of the fins on the outer periphery of the evaporator portion of the heat pipe may be set to a pitch large enough to offset an increase in exhaust gas flow resistance, which is caused due to the small pitch of the fins on the outer periphery of the heater portion of the heat pipe.
  • the pitch of the fins on the outer periphery of the heater portion of the heat pipe may be substantially half the pitch of the fins on the outer periphery of the evaporator portion of the heat pipe.
  • the length of the predetermined period may be from 100 seconds to 200 seconds, or 135 seconds.
  • the fluid level of the working fluid in the vertical direction at engine starting time may be the boundary between the heater portion and the evaporator portion.
  • the working fluid may be pure water.
  • the fluid passage may extend near the heater portion while spirally curving, or may extend linearly near the heater portion.
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to a method for recovering exhaust gas heat using a heat pipe which is provided in an exhaust pipe through which exhaust gas discharged from an engine flows, on the outer periphery of which fins are provided, and in which working fluid flows.
  • the pitch of the fins on the outer periphery of a lower portion of the heat pipe is set to a pitch smaller than the pitch of the fins on the outer periphery of an upper portion of the heat pipe.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the state in which an exhaust gas heat exchange unit according to an embodiment of the invention is applied to an exhaust pipe of an automobile;
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the exhaust gas heat recovery unit according to the embodiment of the invention, which is applied to the exhaust pipe of the automobile;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the exhaust gas heat recovery unit taken along the line III-III in FIG. 6 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the exhaust gas heat recovery unit taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the exhaust gas heat recovery unit taken along the line V-V in FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the exhaust gas heat recovery unit taken along the line VI-VI in FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing the characteristics of a vehicle speed with respect to time in a fuel efficiency measurement mode according to specifications for the U.S.;
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing the characteristics of a morphological coefficient between finite rectangular faces that are in parallel with each other according to a modification of the embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a model in which the finite rectangular faces, used in FIG. 8 , face each other.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show an exhaust pipe 1 of an automobile that is provided with an exhaust gas heat recovery unit 2 according to an example embodiment of the invention.
  • the exhaust gas heat recovery unit 2 is provided midway in the exhaust pipe 1 . More specifically, the exhaust pipe 1 is partitioned into an upstream-side exhaust pipe conduit 11 and a downstream-side exhaust pipe conduit 12 by the exhaust gas heat recovery unit 2 .
  • An upstream-side connector 25 a which is fitted to an evaporation-side case 25 (described later in detail) of the exhaust gas heat recovery unit 2 at a portion on the upstream side in the exhaust gas flow direction, is connected to the upstream-side exhaust pipe conduit 11 .
  • a downstream-side connector 25 b which is fitted to the evaporation-side case 25 at a portion on the downstream side in the exhaust gas flow direction, is connected to the downstream-side exhaust pipe conduit 12 .
  • a catalytic converter is provided on the upstream side in the upstream-side exhaust pipe conduit 11 (at a position upstream of the exhaust gas heat recovery unit 2 ).
  • a muffler is provided on the downstream side in the downstream-side exhaust pipe conduit 12 (at a position downstream of the exhaust gas heat recovery unit 2 ).
  • the exhaust gas heat recovery unit 2 includes six heat pipes 23 which include a heater 21 and an evaporator 22 , and a condenser 24 .
  • Pure water which is an example of working fluid, is allowed to flow in each heat pipe 23 , and the heat pipes 23 are disposed in the evaporation-side case 25 that has a substantially rectangular frame shape.
  • the evaporation-side case 25 is arranged in such a manner that a center portion in which the heat pipes 23 are disposed faces the inside of the exhaust pipe 1 .
  • Each heat pipe 23 has a heater-side heat pipe portion 23 a that is located on the heater 21 side (lower side in FIG. 3 ) and that heats the pure water using the heat of exhaust gas, and an evaporator-side heat pipe portion 23 b that is located on the evaporator 22 side (upper side in FIG. 3 ) and that evaporates the pure water heated at the heater-side heat pipe portion 23 a.
  • each heat pipe 23 heat exchange is conducted between the pure water flowing in the heater-side heat pipe portion 23 a and the evaporator-side heat pipe portion 23 b and the exhaust gas discharged from the engine into the exhaust pipe 1 . In this way, the pure water is heated and then evaporated.
  • the heater-side heat pipe portion 23 a and the evaporator-side heat pipe portion 23 b each has a predetermined length (e.g., approximately 60 millimeters (mm)) in the direction in which the exhaust gas flows in the exhaust pipe 1 .
  • the fluid level of the pure water in the vertical direction at the time of engine starting is used as the boundary between the heater-side heat pipe portion 23 a and the evaporator-side heat pipe portion 23 b. The same applies to the heater 21 and the evaporator 22 .
  • the condenser 24 has a shape of a sealed tank, and is disposed outside the exhaust pipe 1 .
  • the condenser 24 and the evaporation-side case 25 are connected to each other via an upper communication passage 26 a and a lower communication passage 26 b.
  • the pure water in the vapor phase (i.e., water vapor), which is generated through evaporation at the heat pipes 23 , which include the heater-side heat pipe portions 23 a and the evaporator-side heat pipe portions 23 b, in the evaporation-side case 25 , is introduced into the condenser 24 through the upper communication passage 26 a.
  • a vapor layer 251 in which the water vapors generated through evaporation at the heat pipes 23 join together, is provided at an upper end portion of the evaporation-side case 25 .
  • Upper ends of the evaporator-side heat pipe portions 23 b of the heat pipes 23 are fitted into the bottom face of the vapor layer 251 .
  • An inlet portion 252 into which the pure water in the liquid phase is introduced from a reservoir 27 (described later in detail), is provided at a lower end portion of the evaporation-side case 25 .
  • Lower ends of the heater-side heat pipe portions 23 a of the heat pipes 23 are fitted into the top face of the inlet portion 252 .
  • the upper communication passage 26 a extends between the vapor layer 251 of the evaporation-side case 25 and the condenser 24 .
  • the lower communication passage 26 b which serves as a fluid passage, is connected at one end (upper end) to the inlet portion 252 of the evaporation-side case 25 , extends downward while spirally curving near the heater 21 , and is connected at the other end (lower end) to the reservoir 27 (described later in detail).
  • the diameter of the heater-side heat pipe portion 23 a and the diameter of the evaporator-side heat pipe portion 23 b are equal to each other.
  • the condenser 24 has a two-layer structure, that is, the condenser 24 is partitioned into two layers by a partition wall 241 .
  • heat exchange is conducted between the engine coolant that is introduced through the inlet 31 of the coolant passage 3 into an outer layer 241 a that is on the outer side of the partition wall 241 and the water vapor that is introduced from the vapor layer 251 into an inner layer 241 b that is on the inner side of the partition wall 241 .
  • the heat of the water vapor is drawn through heat exchange with the engine coolant, and the water vapor in the vapor phase condenses into the pure water in the liquid phase.
  • the engine coolant that has undergone heat exchange with the water vapor at the condenser 24 is discharged from the outer layer 241 a of the condenser 24 through the outlet 32 of the coolant passage 3 .
  • the inlet 31 of the coolant passage 3 is located at a position on the vapor layer 251 side and on the side of the outer layer 241 a of the condenser 24 .
  • the reservoir 27 is provided at the bottom face of the condenser 24 , and the pure water, which is brought into the liquid phase through heat exchange with the engine coolant at the condenser 24 , is introduced from the condenser 24 into the reservoir 27 and stored in the reservoir 27 .
  • the pure water in the liquid phase stored in the reservoir 27 is returned to the evaporation-side case 25 through the lower communication passage 26 b.
  • a valve 271 which restricts back-flow of the pure water in the liquid phase toward the reservoir 27 provided at the bottom face of the evaporation-side case 25 , is provided on the reservoir 27 at a portion at which the reservoir 27 is connected to the lower communication passage 26 b.
  • the valve 271 is opened and closed by an actuator 272 that is driven by a negative pressure supplied from the engine side.
  • the valve 271 is closed by the actuator 272 , for example, when warming-up of the engine has been completed, that is, when heat exchange between the water vapor and the engine coolant at the condenser 24 is no longer required.
  • movement of the pure water (water vapor) is restricted to reduce a heat load placed on a radiator.
  • the pure water which is used as a working fluid for the exhaust gas heat recovery unit 2 , is sealed in the exhaust gas heat recovery unit 2 in a condition in which the heat pipes 23 (the heater-side heat pipe portions 23 a and the evaporator-side heat pipe portions 23 b ), the condenser 24 , the reservoir 27 , the upper communication passage 26 a, and the lower communication passage 26 b have been evacuated (or the pressures in these components have been reduced).
  • the heat pipes 23 , the condenser 24 , the reservoir 27 , and a pipe that defines the upper communication passage 26 a and a pipe that defines the lower communication passage 26 b are made of stainless material that has high corrosion resistance.
  • corrugated-fins 28 which serve as fins that receive the heat of exhaust gas, are fitted to the outer peripheries of the heat pipes 23 , that is, the corrugated fins 28 are disposed between the evaporation-side case 25 and the heater-side heat pipe portions 23 a and the evaporator-side heat pipe portions 23 b that are adjacent the evaporation-side case 25 , between the heater-side heat pipe portions 23 a that are adjacent to each other, and between the evaporator-side heat pipe portions 23 b that are adjacent to each other.
  • corrugated fins 28 increases the heat transfer areas of the heater-side heat pipe portions 23 a and the evaporator-side heat pipe portions 23 b, thereby promoting heat exchange between the pure water and the exhaust gas. Also, the corrugated fins 28 are grouped into heater-side corrugated fins 28 a and evaporator-side corrugated fins 28 b.
  • the heater-side corrugated fins 28 a are fitted to the outer peripheries of the heater-side heat pipe portions 23 a, that is, the heater-side corrugated fins 28 a are disposed between the evaporation-side case 25 and the heater-side heat pipe portions 23 a adjacent the evaporation-side case 25 and between the heater-side heat pipe portion 23 a that are adjacent to each other.
  • the evaporator-side corrugated fins 28 b are fitted to the outer peripheries of the evaporator-side heat pipe portions 23 b, that is, the evaporator-side corrugated fins 28 b are disposed between the evaporation-side case 25 and the evaporator-side heat pipe portions 23 b adjacent to the evaporation-side case 25 and between the evaporator-side heat pipe portions 23 b that are adjacent each other.
  • the fin pitch of the heater-side corrugated fins 28 a is smaller than the fin pitch of the evaporator-side corrugated fins 28 b.
  • the fin pitch of the heater-side corrugated fins 28 a needs to be set in such a manner that an amount Qex of heat that is received from the exhaust gas within a predetermined period from cold starting of the engine is larger than the sum of an amount Qp of heat that is required to increase the temperature of the pure water, which is exposed to an ambient temperature of equal to or lower than the freezing temperature and is frozen within the lower communication passage 26 b at the time of cold starting of the engine, to a temperature equal to or higher than the freezing temperature, and an amount Qk of heat that is required to increase the temperature of the pure water, which is exposed to an ambient temperature of equal to or lower than the freezing temperature and is frozen within the heater-side heat pipe portions 23 a at the time of cold starting of the engine, to a temperature equal to or higher than the freezing temperature (Qex>Qk+Qp).
  • the amount Qex of heat received from the exhaust gas within the predetermined period from cold starting of the engine signifies the amount of heat received from the exhaust gas within a level ground travel period of 135 seconds (predetermined period) after cold starting of the engine.
  • 135 seconds is selected based on the fact that, in a fuel efficiency measurement mode according to specifications for the U.S., the level ground travel period, which starts at the time of cold starting of the engine, in which the vehicle travels on a level ground after idling of the engine, and which ends when the vehicle is stopped, is 135 seconds, as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the fin pitch of the evaporator-side corrugated fins 28 b is determined based on the surface area of the evaporator-side corrugated fins 28 b and the amount of pure water that flows in the heater-side heat pipe portions 23 a. Accordingly, the fin pitch of the heater-side corrugated fins 28 a is set to be substantially half the fin pitch of the evaporator-side corrugated fins 28 b.
  • the exhaust gas flow resistance increases due to the small fin pitch of the heater-side corrugated fins 28 a on the outer peripheries of the heater-side heat pipe portions 23 a.
  • the fin pitch of the evaporator-side corrugated fins 28 b on the outer peripheries of the evaporator-side heat pipe portions 23 b is set to a large pitch (substantially twice as large as the fin pitch of the heater-side corrugated fins 28 a ) in order to offset an increase in the exhaust gas flow resistance due to the small fin pitch of the heater-side corrugated fins 28 a.
  • the fin pitch of the heater-side corrugated fins 28 a that are fitted to the outer peripheries of the heater-side heat pipe portions 23 a (the fin pitch of the heater-side corrugated fins 28 a that are disposed between the evaporation-side case 25 and the heater-side heat pipe portions 23 a and between the heater-side heat pipe portions 23 a ) is set to be smaller than the fin pitch of the evaporator-side corrugated fins 28 b that are fitted to the outer peripheries of the evaporator-side heat pipe portions 23 b (the fin pitch of the evaporator-side corrugated fins 28 b that are disposed between the evaporation-side case 25 and the evaporator-side heat pipe portions 23 b and between the evaporator-side heat pipe portions 23 b ).
  • the fin pitch of the heater-side corrugated fins 28 a is set in such a manner that the amount Qex of heat that is received from the exhaust gas within the period of 135 seconds after cold starting of the engine is larger than the sum of the amount Qp of heat that is required to increase the temperature of the pure water, which is exposed to an ambient temperature of equal to or lower than the freezing temperature and is frozen within the lower communication passage 26 b at the time of cold starting of the engine, to a temperature equal to or higher than the freezing temperature, and the amount Qk of heat that is required to increase the temperature of the pure water, which is exposed to an ambient temperature of equal to or lower than the freezing temperature and is frozen within the heater-side heat pipe portions 23 a at the time of cold starting of the engine, to a temperature equal to or higher than the freezing temperature (Qex>Qk+Qp).
  • the fin pitch of the heater-side corrugated fins 28 a is set to be substantially half the fin pitch of the evaporator-side corrugated fins 28 b. In this way, the amount of heat that the heater-side corrugated fins 28 a receive from the exhaust gas is larger than the amount of heat that the evaporator-side corrugated fins 28 b receive from the exhaust gas.
  • the exhaust gas heat recovery unit 2 is exposed to an ambient temperature of equal to or lower than the freezing temperature, for example, in the case of cold starting of the engine, a sufficient amount of heat of exhaust gas is applied to the heater-side heat pipe portions 23 a in which the pure water is stored, and the heat of exhaust gas that is applied to the heater-side heat pipe portions 23 a is sufficiently transferred to the lower communication passage 26 b. Accordingly, the pure water in the heater-side heat pipe portions 23 a and the pure water in the lower communication passage 26 b are promptly heated by the sufficient amount of heat of exhaust gas. As a result, it is possible to smoothly circulate the pure water to efficiently recover the heat with the use of the exhaust gas heat recovery unit 2 , for example, in the case of cold starting of the engine.
  • the fin pitch of the evaporator-side corrugated fins 28 b on the outer peripheries of the evaporator-side heat pipe portions 23 b is set to a large pitch in order to offset an increase in the exhaust gas flow resistance due to the small fin pitch of the heater-side corrugated fins 28 a. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress an increase in the back pressure on the downstream-side in the exhaust gas flow direction, which is caused due to provision of the exhaust gas heat recovery unit 2 .
  • the lower communication passage 26 b extends between the inlet portion 252 of the evaporation-side case 25 and the reservoir 27 while spirally curving.
  • the lower communication passage 26 b may extend linearly in the up-and-down direction near a lower portion of the evaporation-side case 25 (on the heater 21 side) so that the lower communication passage 26 b is more easily exposed to the heat radiated from the heater-side heat pipe portions 23 a.
  • the amount of radiant heat between two faces A 1 and A 2 is derived by the following equation (Equation 1) of radiation between the two faces A 1 and A 2 and a geometric factor (geometric factor between finite rectangular faces that are in parallel with each other) shown in FIG. 8 .
  • F 2 , 1 is a geometric factor when the face A 2 is seen from the face A 1 .
  • the specific heat of water is 4.2 J/gk
  • the specific heat of ice is 2.1 J/gk
  • the specific heat of stainless is 0.44 J/gk.
  • the radiant heat amount between the two faces A 1 and A 2 is derived as follows according to Equation 1.
  • approximately 15 joules (0.15 ⁇ 100 ⁇ 15 J) is the total amount of heat received from the exhaust gas within an actual level ground travel period of substantially 100 seconds, which is derived by subtracting an idling period from the level ground travel period of 135 seconds after cold starting of the engine.
  • the average of the flow rate of the exhaust gas within the actual level ground travel period (100 seconds) is 10 g/s
  • the average of the exhaust gas temperature within the actual level ground travel period is 200° C.
  • the lower communication passage may be formed near the lower portion (heater-side portion) of the evaporation-side case, that is, formed with a distance of 5 millimeters (mm) kept from the lower portion of the evaporation-side case, in such a manner that the lower communication passage extends linearly in the up-and-down direction.
  • the amount Qex of heat which is received from the exhaust gas within the level ground travel period of 135 seconds after cold starting of the engine, is used to set the fin pitch of the heater-side corrugated fins 28 a.
  • the amount of heat that is received from the exhaust gas in the case of cold starting of the engine is not limited to the amount of heat that is received from the exhaust gas within the level ground travel period of 135 seconds after cold starting of the engine.
  • the amount of heat that is received from the exhaust gas within a period of 100 seconds after cold starting of the engine or within a period of 200 seconds after cold starting of the engine may be used as the amount of heat that is received from the exhaust gas in the case of cold starting of the engine.
  • the fin pitch of the heater-side corrugated fins 28 a is set to be substantially half the fin pitch of the evaporator-side corrugated fins 28 b so that the amount Qex of heat that is received from the exhaust gas within the predetermined period of 135 seconds after cold starting of the engine is larger than the sum of the amount Qp of heat that is required to increase the temperature of the pure water, which is frozen within the lower communication passage 26 b at the time of cold starting of the engine, to a temperature equal to or higher than the freezing temperature, and the amount Qk of heat that is required to increase the temperature of the pure water, which is frozen within the heater-side heat pipe portions 23 a at the time of cold starting of the engine, to a temperature equal to or higher than the freezing temperature (Qex>Qk+Qp).
  • the fin pitch of the heater-side corrugated fins may be set to be smaller than the fin pitch of the evaporator-side corrugated fins in such a manner that the amount Qex of heat that is received from the exhaust gas within the predetermined period of 135 seconds after cold starting of the engine is larger than the amount Qk of heat that is required to increase the temperature of the pure water, which is frozen within the heater-side heat pipe portions 23 a at the time of cold starting of the engine, to a temperature equal to or higher than the freezing temperature (Qex>Qk).
  • the fin pitch of the heater-side corrugated fins may be set to be larger than the fin pitch of the heater-side corrugated fins, which is set so that the heat amount Qex is larger than the sum of the heat amount Qk and the heat amount Qp (Qex>Qk+Qp).
  • engine coolant is used as a medium target for heat exchange with the exhaust gas, which is conducted in the exhaust gas heat recovery unit 2 .
  • engine oil or transmission oil may be used as a medium target for heat exchange with the exhaust gas.
  • pure water is used as a working fluid.
  • working fluids such as water other than pure water, alcohol, and fluoro carbon may be used as a working fluid.
US12/921,911 2008-03-13 2009-03-13 Exhaust gas heat recovery unit and exhaust gas heat recovery method Abandoned US20110005227A1 (en)

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JP2008064659A JP4870702B2 (ja) 2008-03-13 2008-03-13 排気熱回収器
PCT/IB2009/005057 WO2009112946A2 (en) 2008-03-13 2009-03-13 Exhaust gas heat recovery unit and exhaust gas heat recovery method

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US20160334169A1 (en) * 2015-05-12 2016-11-17 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Motor vehicle heat exchanger system
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DE102017202871A1 (de) 2017-02-22 2018-08-23 Continental Automotive Gmbh Wärmetauschersystem zum Übertragen der Abgaswärme einer Brennkraftmaschine
US10428713B2 (en) 2017-09-07 2019-10-01 Denso International America, Inc. Systems and methods for exhaust heat recovery and heat storage

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US20120272928A1 (en) * 2011-04-26 2012-11-01 Noritz Corporation Exhaust adapter and combustion apparatus having the same
US8881689B2 (en) * 2011-04-26 2014-11-11 Noritz Corporation Exhaust adapter and combustion apparatus having the same
US20160334169A1 (en) * 2015-05-12 2016-11-17 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Motor vehicle heat exchanger system
US20160334170A1 (en) * 2015-05-12 2016-11-17 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Motor vehicle heat exchanger system
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JP2009222253A (ja) 2009-10-01
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WO2009112946A3 (en) 2010-01-07
EP2263056A2 (en) 2010-12-22

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