Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
  • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
  • C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
  • C25D3/58—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of copper
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
  • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
  • C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
  • C25D3/60—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of tin

Definitions

• the invention relates to a pyrophosphate-containing bath for the cyanide-free deposition of copper-tin alloys on substrate surfaces, which comprises a reaction product of a secondary monoamine with a diglycidyl ether as additive.
• Homogenous, glossy copper-tin alloy layers may be cyanide-freely deposited by the bath.
• Tin alloys and particularly copper-tin alloys as alternative for nickel depositions have become the focus of attention.
• Galvanically deposited nickel layers are usually used not only for decorative but also for functional applications.
• nickel layers are problematic as regards health, particularly regarding direct skin contact, due to their sensibilising properties. Therefore, alternatives are of greatest interest.
• Cyanide-containing copper-tin alloy baths are industrially established. Due to regulations that become more and more stricter and the high toxicity and the problematic and expensive disposal of these cyanide-containing baths, there is an increasing need for cyanide-free copper-tin electrolytes.
• JP 10-102278 A describes a copper-tin alloy bath on pyrophosphate basis, which contains a reaction product of an amine and a epihalodrine derivative (molar ratio 1:1), an aldehyde derivative and optionally, depending on the application, tensides as additive.
• U.S. Pat. No. 6,416,571 B1 also describes a pyrophosphate-based bath, which also contains a reaction product of an amine and an epihalohydrine derivative (molar ratio 1:1), a cationic tenside, optionally further surface-active tensides and an antioxidant agent as additives.
• WO 2004/005528 suggests a pyrophosphate-containing copper-tin alloy bath that contains a reaction product of an amine derivative, particularly preferred piperazine, of an epihalohydrine derivative, particularly epichlorhydrine, and of a glycidyl ether as additive.
• a reaction product of an amine derivative, particularly preferred piperazine, of an epihalohydrine derivative, particularly epichlorhydrine, and of a glycidyl ether as additive.
• a mixture consisting of epichlorhydrine and the glycidyl ether is slowly added to an aqueous solution of the piperazine under precise temperature control, whereby the temperature of 65 to 80° C. has to be kept.
• the disadvantage of this additive is the reaction procedure that is difficult to control, particularly at high temperatures, since such reaction products tend to post-reaction at too high reaction temperatures and/or storage temperatures and, thus, to the formation of high-molecular and, thus, partially water-insoluble and ineffective polymers.
• One way out of this dilemma may only be achieved by a reaction procedure in very high dilution ( ⁇ 1% by weight).
• Such low concentrated additive solutions result in a disadvantageous solution formation of the electrolyte if several doses are added. This may result in fluctuating depositions if the electrolyte is used for a longer period of time.
• this electrolyte shows weaknesses as regards applications in the rack plating.
• the quality of the deposited layers which often show a haze, very strongly depends on the way of movement of goods during the electrolysis.
• the thus obtained copper-tin coatings often show porosities, which is particularly problematic regarding decorative coatings.
• Example A-11 on page 26 of WO 2004/005528 describes the use of a reaction product of the diamine piperazine with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether. This reaction product only provides dull white-bronze layers.
• a more homogenous copper-tin alloy metal distribution and an optimal copper/tin metal ratio are to be additionally adjusted. Moreover, a uniform layer thickness with high gloss and the regularity of the distribution of the alloy components in the coating are to be maintained over a large current density range.
• the subject-matter of the invention is a pyrophosphate-containing bath for the cyanide-free deposition of copper alloys on substrate surfaces comprising a reaction product of a secondary monoamine with a diglycidyl ether.
• the secondary monoamines and the diglycidyl ethers may thereby be used individually or in mixture to produce the reaction product.
• Preferred secondary amines are dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, dipentylamine, diisoproylamine, piperidine, thiomorpholine, morpholine and mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred is the use of morpholine.
• Particularly preferred diglycidyl ethers are glycerol diglycidyl ether, poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether, poly(propylene glycol) diglycidyl ether and their mixtures.
• a particularly preferred reaction product for use in the bath according to the invention is the reaction product of morpholine with glycerol diglycidyl ether.
• the organic additives may be easily depicted by reacting the respective amine components with the respective diglycidyl ethers in an appropriate solvent such as, e.g., water, aqueous alcoholic solutions, aprotic solvents such as, e.g., ethers, NMP, NEP, DMF, DMAc or also in substance at room temperature or in heat under standard pressure or increased pressure. Regarding the production in substance, it is purposeful to dilute the reaction product with water after the end of the reaction. The reaction times needed therefor are between a few minutes and several hours, depending on the ingredient used. Besides the classic heat sources, a microwave oven may also be used here.
• an appropriate solvent such as, e.g., water, aqueous alcoholic solutions, aprotic solvents such as, e.g., ethers, NMP, NEP, DMF, DMAc or also in substance at room temperature or in heat under standard pressure or increased pressure.
• aprotic solvents such as, e.g.,
• the resultant reaction products may be used directly, so that a production in aqueous medium or in substance is the preferred manufacturing process.
• the preferred temperatures of the production of the reaction products according to the invention are 15 to 100° C., particularly preferred 20 to 80° C.
• the molar ratios of diglycidyl ether/amine are 0.8 to 2, particularly preferred 0.9 to 1.5. Compared to the additive of WO 2004/005528, the very simple production is particularly advantageous regarding these additives.
• reaction products according to the invention may be used individually or as mixture of several different reaction products of the aforementioned type in a concentration of 0.0001 to 20 g/l, preferably 0.001 to 1 g/l and particularly preferred 0.01 to 0.6 g/l.
• the bath according to the invention contains orthophosphoric acid, an organic sulfonic acid, boric acid, an antioxidant agent and an organic brightener that is different from the reaction product.
• the electrolyte baths according to the invention may contain copper pyrophosphate in a concentration of 0.5 to 50 g/l as copper ion source, whereby concentrations of 1 to 5 g/l are particularly preferred.
• the baths according to the invention may contain tin pyrophosphate in a concentration of 0.5 to 100 g/l as tin-ion source, whereby concentrations of 10 to 40 g/l are particularly preferred.
• tin pyrophosphates and copper pyrophosphates other water-soluble tin salts and copper salts may also be used such as, e.g. tin sulfate, tin methanesulfonate, copper sulfate, copper methanesulfonate, which may be re-complexated by adding appropriate alkali metal pyrophosphates to the respective pyrophosphates within the electrolyte.
• concentration ratio of pyrophosphate to tin/copper is thereby to be 3 to 80, particularly preferred 5 to 50.
• the alkali metal pyrophosphates that might be contained in the baths according to the invention are particularly preferably the sodium pyrophosphates, potassium pyrophosphates and ammonium pyrophosphates in concentrations of 50 to 500 g/l, particularly preferred of 100 to 400 g/l.
• the antioxidant agents that might be contained in the baths according to the invention comprise hydroxylated aromatic compounds such as, e.g., catechol, resorcinol, brenzcatechin, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, ⁇ -naphthol, ⁇ -naphthol, phloroglucin, and sugar-based systems such as, e.g., ascorbic acid, sorbitol, in concentrations of 0.1 to 1 g/l.
• hydroxylated aromatic compounds such as, e.g., catechol, resorcinol, brenzcatechin, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, ⁇ -naphthol, ⁇ -naphthol, phloroglucin
• sugar-based systems such as, e.g., ascorbic acid, sorbitol, in concentrations of 0.1 to 1 g/l.
• Monosulfonic acids as well as polysulfonic acids such as, e.g., methanesulfonic acid, methanedisulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, propanesulfonic acid, 2-propanesulfonic acid, butanesulfonic acid, 2-butanesulfonic acid, pentanesulfonic acid, hexanesulfonic acid, decanesulfonic acid, dodecanesulfonic acid as well as their salts and their hydroxylated derivatives may be used as alkylsulfonic acids. Particularly preferred is the use of methanesulfonic acid in a concentration of 0.01 to 1 g/l.
• the baths according to the invention have a pH value of 3 to 9, particularly preferred 6 to 8.
• the additive according to the invention i.e., the reaction product of a secondary monoamine with a diglycidyl ether, makes it possible to deposit the alloy on the substrate with a uniform layer thickness with high gloss at regular distribution of the alloy components in the coating over a large current density range. Moreover, the use of the additive according to the invention does not result in the formation of pores. Finally, fogging may be avoided in rack plating.
• the aforementioned effects may even be increased by adding N-methylpyrrolidone.
• the N-methylpyrrolidone is preferably used in a concentration of 0.1 to 50 g/l, particularly preferably 0.5 to 15 g/l.
• the baths according to the invention may be produced by common methods, for example, by adding the specific amounts of the above-described components to water.
• the amount of the base components, acid components and buffer components such as, e.g., sodium pyrophosphate, methanesulfonic acid and/or boric acid, should preferably be selected in such a way that the bath attains the pH range of at least 6 to 8.
• the baths according to the invention deposit an even and ductile copper-tin alloy layer without discolouration at each usual temperature of about 15 to 50° C., preferably 20° C. to 40° C., particularly preferably 20° C. to 30° C. At these temperatures the baths according to the invention are stable and effective over a wide, set current density range of 0.01 to 2 A/dm 2 , particularly preferably 0.25 to 0.75 A/dm 2 .
• the baths according to the invention may be operated in a continuous or intermittent way, and the components of the bath will have to be amended from time to time.
• the components of the bath may be added individually or in combination. Moreover, they may vary over a wide range, depending on the consumption and the present concentrations of the individual components.
• Table 1 shows, according to a preferred embodiment, the deposition results of the tin-copper alloy layers in the electrolytes according to the invention compared to the electrolytes of document WO 2004/005528.
• one advantage of the tin-copper baths according to the invention is the surprisingly low consumption of the additives according to the invention compared to the reaction products of the piperazine with epichlorhydrine and glycidyl ether.
• the aqueous baths according to the invention may be used for all types of substrates on which copper-tin alloys may be deposited.
• substrates on which copper-tin alloys may be deposited include copper-tin alloys, ABS plastic surfaces coated with chemical copper or chemical nickel, mild steel, high-grade steel, spring steel, chromium steel, chromium-molybdenum steel, copper and tin.
• a further subject-matter is a method for galvanic deposition of copper-tin alloys on usual substrates, whereby the bath according to the invention is used.
• the substrate to be coated is thereby introduced into the electrolyte bath.
• the deposition of the coatings in the method according to the invention preferably takes place at a set current density of 0.25 to 0.75 A/dm 2 as well as at a temperature of 15 to 50° C., preferably 20 to 30° C.
• the method according to the invention may be conducted in the application for mass production components, for example, as drum plating method and for the deposition on larger workparts as rack plating method.
• Anodes that may be soluble are thereby used such as, for example, copper anodes, tin anodes or appropriate copper-tin alloy anodes, which are used as copper ion source and/or tin ion source at the same time, so that the copper and/or tin that is deposited on the cathode is substituted by dissolution of copper and/or tin at the anode.
• insoluble anodes e.g., platinated titanium mixed oxide anodes
• the method according to the invention may be operated under nitrogen injection or argon injection, with movement of goods or without movement, without resulting in any disadvantages for the obtained coatings.
• the added additives or the tin(II) ions it may be worked with the separation of the electrode rooms or with the use of membrane anodes, whereby a substantial stabilisation of the electrolyte may be achieved.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Related Parent Applications (1)

Related Child Applications (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=39831596

Family Applications (2)

Family Applications After (1)

Country Status (14)

Cited By (4)

Families Citing this family (8)

Citations (10)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 2008
  • 2008-06-02 ES ES08010058T patent/ES2354395T3/es active Active
  • 2008-06-02 SI SI200830180T patent/SI2130948T1/sl unknown
  • 2008-06-02 AT AT08010058T patent/ATE492665T1/de active
  • 2008-06-02 EP EP08010058A patent/EP2130948B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2008-06-02 PL PL08010058T patent/PL2130948T3/pl unknown
  • 2008-06-02 DE DE502008002080T patent/DE502008002080D1/de active Active
• 2009
  • 2009-05-29 KR KR1020107019214A patent/KR101609171B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2009-05-29 CA CA2724211A patent/CA2724211C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-05-29 CN CN2009801204709A patent/CN102046852B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-05-29 WO PCT/EP2009/003886 patent/WO2009146865A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2009-05-29 JP JP2011510900A patent/JP5735415B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-05-29 US US12/866,996 patent/US20100326838A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2009-05-29 BR BRPI0912309 patent/BRPI0912309B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2009-06-01 TW TW098117986A patent/TWI441958B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2013
  • 2013-12-09 US US14/100,633 patent/US9399824B2/en active Active

Patent Citations (10)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events