US20100301598A1 - Hose End Fittings - Google Patents

Hose End Fittings Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100301598A1
US20100301598A1 US12/677,853 US67785308A US2010301598A1 US 20100301598 A1 US20100301598 A1 US 20100301598A1 US 67785308 A US67785308 A US 67785308A US 2010301598 A1 US2010301598 A1 US 2010301598A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
hose
end fitting
cooling
composite material
expands
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US12/677,853
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English (en)
Inventor
Joel Aron Witz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Woodside Energy Global Pty Ltd
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BHP Billiton Petroleum Pty Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB0718018A external-priority patent/GB0718018D0/en
Priority claimed from GB0718019A external-priority patent/GB0718019D0/en
Priority claimed from GB0718020A external-priority patent/GB0718020D0/en
Application filed by BHP Billiton Petroleum Pty Ltd filed Critical BHP Billiton Petroleum Pty Ltd
Assigned to BHP BILLITON PETROLEUM PTY. LIMITED reassignment BHP BILLITON PETROLEUM PTY. LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WITZ, JOEL ARON
Publication of US20100301598A1 publication Critical patent/US20100301598A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/12—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/14—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rigid material, e.g. metal or hard plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L59/141—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems in which the temperature of the medium is below that of the ambient temperature

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an end fitting for a hose, particularly hose which can be used in cryogenic conditions.
  • the invention also relates to a hose incorporating the end fitting.
  • Typical applications for hose involve the pumping of fluids from a fluid reservoir under pressure. Examples include supplying of domestic heating oil or LPG to a boiler; transporting produced oilfield liquids and/or gases from a fixed or floating production platform to the cargo hold of a ship, or from a ship cargo hold to a land-based storage unit; delivering of fuel to racing cars, especially during refuelling in formula 1; and conveying corrosive fluids, such as sulphuric acid.
  • hose for the transport of fluids, such as liquefied gases, at low temperature.
  • fluids such as liquefied gases
  • hose is commonly used to transport liquefied gases such as liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied propane gas (LPG).
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • LPG liquefied propane gas
  • any given length must be at least partially constructed of flexible materials, i.e., non-rigid materials.
  • the present invention is directed to composite hose.
  • Conventional composite hoses are made of layers of polymeric films and fabrics sandwiched between an inner and outer helical metallic wire.
  • the hose is constructed by wrapping around a mandrel, in sequence, the inner wire, combinations of films and fabric, and the outer wire.
  • the inner and outer wires have the same helical pitch but are offset by half the pitch length to form a corrugated hose wall profile.
  • the resulting tubular structure is then extracted from the mandrel and terminated with end fittings.
  • the end fittings are typically constructed of a metallic tail and a ferrule.
  • the tail has two parallel helical groves machined into the outer surface which matches the double helix formed by the inner and outer wires.
  • the tail is inserted into the bore of the hose with a ferrule on the outside.
  • the end of the hose pack may be bound, capped with a rubber cuff or impregnated with a two part epoxy resin, and the ferrule is then crimped or swaged down on to the tail to retain the end of the hose.
  • a hose of this general type is described in European patent publication no. 0076540A1.
  • the hose described in this specification includes an intermediate layer of biaxially oriented polypropylene, which is said to improve the ability of the hose to resist the fatigue caused by repeated flexing.
  • the IMO requirements for hoses are demanding (for reasons of safety) that the hose burst pressure must be five times the maximum working pressure at the extreme service temperature.
  • the maximum working pressure typically ranges from the minimum required by IMO of 10 barg up to 20 to 30 barg.
  • End fittings are made from metallic components and the tail in particular must be able to accommodate the hoop stress induced by the internal pressure which is given to first approximation by the Barlow formula which states that the hoop stress is equal to the product of the internal pressure and the internal diameter divided by twice the wall thickness of the tube forming the tail.
  • the allowable stress is determined by the standard pressure vessel design codes such the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code as a proportion, two thirds say, of the tail material's yield stress.
  • Typical tail materials are carbon steels for non cryogenic applications and austenitic stainless steels for cryogenic service i.e. typically temperatures below 150° K. Carbon steels are not suitable for cryogenic service as they are brittle at very low temperatures.
  • Exemplary austenitic stainless steel grades for cryogenic service are the “series 300” which do not exhibit low temperature brittleness.
  • the important material properties are the yield stress (YS), the yield strain (EY), the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), the failure strain (EF), the elastic modulus (E), the density (RHO), the thermal conductivity (K) and the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE). These properties vary over the range from ambient (293° K) to cryogenic temperatures (4° K for Liquid Helium or 77° K for Liquid Nitrogen [LN 2 ]). In general, the strength increases with reducing temperature. This is illustrated by considering as an example AISI grade 304 (8 g/cc density) which is a commonly used austenitic stainless steel for cryogenic service.
  • the YS & UTS of 304 at room temperature is about 250 MPa & 590 MPa respectively, and at LN 2 temperature (77° K) about 400 MPa & 1525 MPa respectively. While there is some reduction in the ductility with EF reducing from 60% at ambient temperature to 40% at LN 2 temperature, there is more than adequate ductility with 304 at this cryogenic temperature. Although this increase in strength is considered beneficial, designers of cryogenic pressure vessels tend to rely on the minimum ambient temperature specifications.
  • the ambient LN 2 temperature elastic moduli for 304 are 193 GPa and 205 GPa respectively.
  • cryogenic equipment An important design issue for cryogenic equipment is the effects of the dimensional changes and thermal gradient transients associated with the circa 215° K temperature change room ambient to cryogenic service conditions.
  • Steels such as 304 are thermally conductive and they will contract with decreasing temperature.
  • the thermal conductivities for 304 at room temperature and LN 2 temperature are 8 & 15 W/m.° K respectively.
  • the average CTE over this temperature range is 13 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ° K ⁇ 1 i.e. a length contraction of about 3 mm/m for this temperature difference of 216° K.
  • Ni36 are similar to that of 304 for cryogenic service but with one notable exception.
  • the average CTE over the temperature range from ambient conditions to LN 2 temperatures is 1-2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ° K ⁇ 1 i.e. a length contraction of about 0.4 mm/m for this temperature difference of 216° K. This is an order of magnitude less radial contraction compared with austenitic stainless steel, which is a considerable advantage in improving the reliability of the sealing mechanism.
  • the corrosion resistance of a Ni36 for marine service may be achieved with the deposition of a corrosion resistant cladding of a nickel-chromium or nickel-copper alloy such as Inconel (trademark) or Monel (trademark) as examples.
  • an end fitting for a composite hose of the type comprising a tubular body of flexible material arranged between inner and outer gripping members, said end fitting comprising a first member adapted to be disposed within the hose, and a second member adapted to be disposed around the outside of the hose, whereby the end of the hose can be sealed between the first and second members, and wherein at least part of the first member and/or at least part of the second member is made of a composite material.
  • first member represents the tail in the above discussion of the prior art, while the term “second member” represents the ferrule.
  • the first member may be made entirely of a composite material. However, we prefer that just the part of the material that is adapted to fit within the hose that is made of a composite material which expands on cooling.
  • Composite materials are materials that are made from a combination of two or more materials to give a unique and tailor made set of properties.
  • the most common form of composite material is a matrix of fibres within a resin.
  • the fibres may be continuous with an orientation in the longitudinal direction or the fibres may be short lengths in mixed orientation.
  • the fibres are usually high strength fibres such as E-Glass, S-Glass, Aramid (e.g. Kevlar (trademark)) or Carbon.
  • the resin encapsulates the fibres and it may be a thermoplastic resin such as a polyethylene, a polyimide, a polyamide, a fluoropolymer, poly(vinylchloride) (PVC), polyurethane (PU), Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or a thermosetting resin such as an epoxy or a polyester or a vinyl ester.
  • the composite material may be a laminated construction with layers of longitudinal fibres in a resin matrix orientated in differing directions in order to achieve the desired mechanical properties.
  • the use of high strength fibres within the composite material generally results in a construction with a considerable strength to weight ratio and for this reason composite materials have found widespread application in the aerospace and automotive industries including pressure vessel applications.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a hose with which the end fitting according to the invention may be used.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross sectional view of a first embodiment of an end fitting for a hose, according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross sectional view of a second embodiment of an end fitting for a hose, according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross sectional view of a third embodiment of an end fitting for a hose, according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is enlarged schematic cross sectional view of part of a hose engaging member of the end fitting according to the invention before assembly.
  • FIG. 6 is enlarged schematic cross sectional view of part of a hose engaging member of the end fitting according to the invention after assembly.
  • fibre selection is important and we prefer to use a high strength carbon, aramid, glass or ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fibres or combinations thereof.
  • representative tensile strengths, tensile moduli and densities for E-Glass, Kevlar-49, MS-LM (Medium Strength Low Modulus) Carbon fibres are in order: 3450, 3790, 4138 MPa for the tensile strength; 72, 124, 228 GPa for the tensile modulus; and 2.6, 1.4, 1.8 g/cc for the density.
  • thermosetting and thermoplastic resins may be used.
  • the density of epoxy and PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • thermal conductivity is about 0.1 to 1 W/m.° K which is at least an order of magnitude less than austenitic stainless steel.
  • This is particularly advantageous in cryogenic applications as it reduces the amount of thermal insulation required for the end fitting to minimise the heat influx causing boil of the cryogenic fluid. Gaseous boil off is inefficient in cryogenic liquid transfer and therefore it is highly desirable to minimise the boil off rate. This is particularly important in ship to ship transfer where the end fittings of a floating cryogenic flexible hose are in contact with water.
  • the insulating layers may be for example hollow insulating fibres in a thermoplastic resin, or aerated polyurethane (PU).
  • PU aerated polyurethane
  • the use of PU gives a potentially robust outer mechanical protective layer.
  • the end first and/or second members of the end fitting may be constructed of a plurality of layers of material, some or all of which are composite material, preferably having a thermal conductivity of 2 W/m.° K or less, more preferably of 1 W/m.° K or less.
  • Some layers of the first and/or second layer may be may of non composite materials, such as non-composite polymeric materials preferably having a thermal conductivity below to 2 W/m.° K, more preferably below to 1 W/m.° K.
  • the non-composite materials may be a thermoplastic resin or PU.
  • Kevlar poly-(p-phenyleneterephthalamide), known as Kevlar (trademark) or Twaron (trademark)
  • Kevlar- 49 the longitudinal CTE for Kevlar- 49 is ⁇ 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ° K ⁇ 1 and in the transverse direction is 68 ⁇ 10-6° K ⁇ 1 .
  • the ply expands in the fibre direction and contracts transversely with reducing temperature.
  • internal shear forces develop within a balanced symmetrical arrangement of plies and the result is a net longitudinal expansion on cooling.
  • the preferred longitudinal CTE range is from below zero (e.g. below or equal to about ⁇ 0.01° K ⁇ 1 or about ⁇ 0.1° K ⁇ 1 ) to ⁇ 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ° K ⁇ 1 , most preferably ⁇ 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to ⁇ 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ° K ⁇ 1 .
  • At least part of the first member and/or the second member is made of a material which expands in at least one direction on cooling. It is particularly preferred that at least part of the first member expands on cooling—most preferably it is the part of the first member that is adapted to be disposed within the hose which expands on cooling. Preferably the direction of expansion is radially outward of the first member, whereby the first member can exert a radially outward pressure on the inside of the hose when cooled.
  • the first member is made at least partially of a composite material which expands upon cooling
  • the second member is made at least partially of a composite material which contracts upon cooling.
  • the expansion and/or contraction is preferably in the direction which extends radially of the hose axis.
  • the first member does not include composite material which contracts upon cooling
  • the second member does not include composite material which expands upon cooling.
  • an end fitting for a composite hose of the type comprising a tubular body of flexible material arranged between inner and outer gripping members, said end fitting comprising a first member adapted to be disposed within the hose, and a second member adapted to be disposed around the outside of the hose, whereby the end of the hose can be sealed between the first and second members, and wherein at least part of the end first member and/or at least part of the first member is made of a material that expands in at least one direction upon cooling thereof.
  • At least part of the first member, more preferably all of the first member, is made of a material that expands upon cooling.
  • end fitting according to the above aspects of the invention described above may also be provided with one or more of the features of the end fitting already described in WO04/079248. These will be described in greater detail below.
  • the second member includes a hose engaging member adapted to press against the inner member to retain the hose between itself and the first member, and a separate means for retaining one or more layers of the hose, the retaining means comprising an outer retaining member adapted to press against an inner retaining member to retain the or each layer of the hose between the outer and inner retaining members of the retaining means.
  • the inner and outer retaining members are ring-shaped. More preferably the inner and outer retaining members are preferably provided in the form of a ring, preferably with the outer retaining member being disposed concentric with the inner retaining member. More preferably, the first and second members are split rings, to facilitate assembly.
  • the outer retaining member which comes into contact with the or each layer of the hose is provided with gripping formations to facilitate gripping of the or each layer of the hose.
  • the surface of the inner retaining member may be provided with corresponding formations.
  • the adjacent surfaces of the inner and outer retaining members are provided with gripping formation to facilitate gripping of the or each layer of the hose therebetween.
  • inner and outer retaining members there may be any convenient number of inner and outer retaining members.
  • the hose engaging member is preferably ring-shaped.
  • the hose engaging member is preferably in the form of a ring, more preferably a split ring.
  • the hose engaging member preferably clamps all the layers of the hose securely between itself and the inner member of the end fitting.
  • the inner retaining member of the retaining means is integral with the hose engaging means.
  • the hose engaging means comprises a first part of a first cross-sectional thickness (i.e. diameter, when ring-shaped), and the integral inner retaining member comprises a second part of a second cross-sectional thickness (i.e. diameter, when ring-shaped), the second thickness being less than the first thickness.
  • the outer retaining member may have a third cross-sectional thickness (i.e. diameter, when ring-shaped), and the second and third cross-sectional thicknesses may be equal.
  • the sum of the second and third cross-sectional thicknesses is substantially the same as the first cross-sectional thickness.
  • the hose engaging member is L-shaped, so that the inner retaining member extends from the body of the hose engaging member, and the outer retaining member can be receiving in the recess of the L-shape.
  • the inner surface of the inner retaining member may also function to clamp the hose fixedly between the hose between itself and the inner member, i.e., it may contribute to the hose engaging function.
  • the hose engaging member and/or the retaining members may be made of a composite material, as described above.
  • the first member may include an elongate tubular bend stiffener adapted to fit within the hose body.
  • the bend stiffener is preferably a polymeric material, most preferably polyurethane.
  • the bend stiffener is tapered, such that the thickness decreases in a direction away from the end of the hose; the degree of the taper may be optimised for each particular application.
  • the tip of the bend stiffener i.e. the part furthest from the end of the hose
  • the second member may further include a load transmitting member, and an end member, the arrangement being such that the hose engaging member and the end member are connected through the load transmitting member, whereby loads applied to the hose engaging member can be transferred to the end member via the load transferring member.
  • the load transmitting member comprises a cylindrical member has a first recess for receiving a part of the hose engaging member and a second recess for receiving part of the end member.
  • the load transferring member may be made of a composite material, as described above.
  • the end member may be made of a composite material as described above.
  • the end member of the second member is preferably integral with the first member.
  • a hose comprising a tubular body of flexible material arranged between inner and outer gripping members, and an end fitting as described above secured to each end of the hose.
  • the hose preferably comprises a tubular body and an axial reinforcing braid disposed between inner and outer gripping members, wherein the tubular body comprises a reinforcing layer and a sealing layer.
  • the tubular body comprises a reinforcing layer and a sealing layer.
  • the hose preferably further comprises a protective and/or insulative layer wrapped around said hose, wherein said protective and/or insulative layer has an end portion which is adapted to be received in the first recess of the cylindrical load transferred member.
  • the braid alone of the hose is retained between the inner and outer retaining members of the retaining means.
  • hose and end fitting can be provide with any combination of the features of the hose and end fitting described in WO01/96772, WO04/044472 and WO04/079248 the contents of which are incorporated by reference.
  • the hose according to the invention can be provided for use in a wide variety of conditions, such as temperatures above 100° C., temperatures from 0° C. to 100° C. and temperatures below 0° C. With a suitable choice of material, the hose can be used at temperatures below ⁇ 20° C., below ⁇ 50° C. or even below ⁇ 100° C. For example, for LNG transport, the hose may have to operate at temperatures down to ⁇ 170° C., or even lower. Furthermore, it is also contemplated that the hose may be used to transport liquid oxygen (bp ⁇ 183° C.) or liquid nitrogen (bp ⁇ 196° C.), in which case the hose may need to operate at temperatures of ⁇ 200° C. or lower.
  • liquid oxygen bp ⁇ 183° C.
  • the hose according to the invention can also be provided for use at a variety of different duties.
  • the inner diameter of the hose would range from about 2 inches (51 mm) to about 24 inches (610 mm), more typically from about 4, 6 or 8 inches (203 mm) to about 16 inches (406 mm).
  • the operating pressure of the hose would be in the range from about 500 kPa gauge up to about 2000 kPa gauge, or even up to about 4000 kPa gauge, or higher. These pressures relate to the operating pressure of the hose, not the burst pressure (which must be several times greater).
  • the volumetric flow rate depends upon the fluid medium, the pressure and the inner diameter. Flowrates from 1000 m 3 /h up to 12000 m 3 /h are typical.
  • the hose according to the invention can also be provided for use with corrosive fluids, such as strong acids.
  • FIG. 1 shows the hose 100 in more detail.
  • the hose 100 comprises inner and outer gripping members 102 and 104 , which are preferably arranged in a helical form, and are preferably wires.
  • a tubular body 106 and an axial reinforcing braid 108 which surrounds the tubular body 106 , are arranged between the gripping members 102 and 104 .
  • the tubular body comprises an inner reinforcing layer 110 , and outer reinforcing layer 112 and a sealing layer 114 arranged between the inner and outer reinforcing layers 110 and 112 .
  • An outer protective/insulative layer 116 surrounds the braid 108 .
  • the hose 100 is described in greater detail in WO01/96772, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the ends of the hose may be sealed using the end fitting 200 shown in the figure.
  • the hose has not been shown in the figure, in order to improve the clarity.
  • the end fitting 200 comprises a tubular inner member 202 having a hose end 202 a and a tail end 202 b .
  • the part 202 a is advantageously a composite material which expands in at least one direction on cooling, most preferably in the direction radial to the hose 100 longitudinal axis.
  • the tail end may also be made of a composite material, to reduce the weight of the assembly.
  • the end fitting 200 further includes a sealing member which comprises a sealing ring 204 , which is typically based on a polymeric resin such as PTFE, optionally with a ceramic filler, and a stainless steel split ring 206 around the sealing ring 204 .
  • the ring 206 may be made of a composte material.
  • the end fitting 200 further includes a load transferring means which comprises a hose engaging member 208 , a load transferring member 210 and an end member in the form of a disk-shaped plate 212 .
  • the plate 212 is integral with the tail end 202 b of the inner member 202 , as illustrated at 212 b .
  • the load transferring member comprises a disk-shaped plate 214 and at least one load transferring rod 216 . In the figure there are two of the rods 216 , but it is preferable to provide three or more of the rods 216 , and it is preferable that the rods are equi-spaced around the circumference.
  • a tightening nut 218 is provided on each rod 216 .
  • the plates 212 and 214 have apertures 212 a and 214 a respectively for receiving the rods 216 .
  • One or more, or all, of the parts 210 , 212 , 214 , 216 and 218 may be made of a composite material which expands in at least one direction on cooling.
  • the hose engaging member 208 is provided with an inner helical recess in the form of grooves 208 a which are adapted to receive the outer wire of the hose therein.
  • the inner member 202 is provided with an outer helical recess in the form of grooves 202 d which are adapted to receive the inner wire 22 therein.
  • the grooves 208 a and 202 d are spaced by half a pitch length p, where p is the pitch length of the gripping wires of the hose (not shown).
  • the hose engaging member 208 also includes a retaining means for retaining the braid 108 of the hose 100 .
  • the retaining means comprises an inner retaining member 230 which is integral with the rest of the hose engaging member, and a separate outer retaining member 232 .
  • the outer 232 is capable of clamping the braid 108 of the hose 100 between itself and the inner member 230 .
  • the outer member 232 has gripping formations on the inner surface thereof to facilitate gripping the braid 108 between the outer member 232 and the inner member 230 .
  • the gripping formations are preferably circumferential but can take other patterns.
  • the parts 206 , 208 , 230 and 232 are preferred to contract on cooling. This can be achieved by making them of steel or a composite material which contracts in at least one direction on cooling.
  • the member 202 is provided with two circumferential projections 202 e which are located under the sealing ring 204 .
  • the projections 202 e serve the improve the sealing of the tubular member between the inner member 202 and the sealing ring 204 , and help to prevent the tubular member from inadvertently being pulled out of position.
  • the end fitting 200 is also provided with a flexible polymeric bend stiffener 240 which has apertures 242 through which the rods 216 may be received.
  • One end of the bend stiffener 240 abuts the plate 214 .
  • the parts 202 e and 240 may be made of a composite material which expands in at least one direction on cooling.
  • FIG. 3 shows an end fitting which is similar to the end fitting shown in FIG. 2 , and the same reference numerals have been used to designate the parts. The differences are: the bend stiffener is not provided in the design shown in FIG. 2 , although it could be, if desired; the plates 212 and 214 have a smaller diameter, so that the structure is more compact.
  • FIG. 4 shows an end fitting which is similar to the end fitting shown in FIG. 2 , and the same reference numerals have been used to designate the parts.
  • the load transferring rod has been replaced by a load transferring member 250 which has recesses 250 a and 250 b adapted to receive the edges of plates 212 and 214 respectively.
  • the part 250 may be made of a composite material which expands in at least one direction on cooling.
  • the recess 250 b also receives and end portion 260 a of a protective and/or insulative layer 260 provided on the outer surface of the hose 100 (i.e. provided outside the gripping member 104 .
  • the layer 260 may be the same sort of layer as described in our copending international patent publication WO04/044472. This comprises an elongate profiled member which is wrapped helically around the outside of the hose 100 .
  • FIGS. 5 & 6 For the axial reinforcing braid 108 to function most effectively, it should be securely anchored at the end fitting 200 .
  • the outer member 232 mates with the inner member 230 to provide this anchor. This interface is designed to reduce to zero the tension in the braid 108 , caused by hose pressure and tension, in order to help prevent the braid 108 from being pulled from the anchor.
  • the braid folds back out of the hose body around a filleted front edge 230 b of the member 230 .
  • the filleted edge 230 b prevents large stress concentrations being induced in the braid 108 as a result of the contact of the braid 108 with the member 232 under tension.
  • This radius controls the contact pressure generated by the tension in the braid 108 .
  • the drop in tension is a non-linear function of the product of the angle of contact the braid makes with the radius and the local friction coefficient. In the case shown, where the radius of the fillet is constant, the non-linear function is exponential.
  • the hose is secured to the end fitting 200 as follows.
  • the inner member 202 is threaded into the end of the hose, so that the hose lies close to the plate 212 .
  • the inner wire of the hose is received in the grooves 202 d and the outer wire of the hose is received in the grooves 208 a .
  • the inner and outer wires are cut back so that they do not extend along the inner member 202 beyond the grooves 202 d and 208 a . Any insulation of the hose is also cut back to this point.
  • the inner reinforcing layer of the hose is also cut back at this point, or at some point before it reaches the sealing ring 204 . This means that the sealing layer of the hose directly engages the outer surface of the inner member 202 .
  • the rest of the tubular body of the hose is allowed to extend along the inner member 202 between the inner member 202 and the sealing ring 204 .
  • the hose engaging member 208 is then tightened to cause it to clamp down on the hose bring it into firm engagement with the hose.
  • the nuts 218 are then tightened, which induces some axial tension in the hose, thereby taking up any play in the system.
  • These forces are transmitted from the hose engaging member 208 , to the plate 214 , to the rod 216 , to the plate 212 , and to the tail end 202 b of the inner member 202 .
  • the tubular member is pulled back over the upper surface of the hose engaging member 208 , and between the outer member 232 and the inner member 230 .
  • the second outer 232 and the inner member 230 clamp the braid 108 firmly in place.
  • the tubular body 106 of the hose 100 extends under the sealing ring 204 .
  • the split ring 206 is tightened in order to increase the force applied on the tubular body by the sealing ring 204 .
  • the end fitting 200 is then cooled to a low temperature by liquid nitrogen. This causes the sealing ring 204 to contract relatively more than the split ring 206 , whereby the compressive force applied on the sealing ring 204 by the split ring 206 is reduced. While the split ring 206 and the sealing ring 204 are at a relatively low temperature, the split ring 206 is again tightened. The temperature is then allowed to rise to ambient conditions, whereby the compressive force on the sealing ring increases by virtue of the greater expansion of sealing ring 204 relative to the split ring 206 .
  • inner retaining member 230 could be separate from the rest of the hose engaging member.
  • additional inner and outer retaining members 230 and 232 may be provided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Joints That Cut Off Fluids, And Hose Joints (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
US12/677,853 2007-09-14 2008-09-15 Hose End Fittings Abandoned US20100301598A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0718018A GB0718018D0 (en) 2007-09-14 2007-09-14 Hose
GB0718019A GB0718019D0 (en) 2007-09-14 2007-09-14 Hose relating to hose end fittings
GB0718020A GB0718020D0 (en) 2007-09-14 2007-09-14 Hose
GB0718018.5 2007-09-14
GB0718020.1 2007-09-14
GB0718019.3 2007-09-14
PCT/GB2008/003121 WO2009034357A1 (en) 2007-09-14 2008-09-15 Improvements relating to hose end fittings

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US12/677,854 Expired - Fee Related US8770234B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2008-09-15 Hose
US12/677,852 Active 2030-09-27 US8708606B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2008-09-15 Relating to pipe

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US12/677,852 Active 2030-09-27 US8708606B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2008-09-15 Relating to pipe

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US8770234B2 (en) 2014-07-08
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