US20100196250A1 - Continuous method for obtaining composite fibres containing colloidal particles and resulting fibre - Google Patents

Continuous method for obtaining composite fibres containing colloidal particles and resulting fibre Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20100196250A1
US20100196250A1 US12/677,619 US67761908A US2010196250A1 US 20100196250 A1 US20100196250 A1 US 20100196250A1 US 67761908 A US67761908 A US 67761908A US 2010196250 A1 US2010196250 A1 US 2010196250A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
prefiber
duct
coagulation solution
fiber
colloidal particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/677,619
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alain Derre
Antoine Lucas
Philippe Poulin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Arkema France SA
Original Assignee
Arkema France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arkema France SA filed Critical Arkema France SA
Assigned to CNRS, ARKEMA FRANCE reassignment CNRS ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LUCAS, ANTOINE, DERRE, ALAIN, POULIN, PHILIPPE
Publication of US20100196250A1 publication Critical patent/US20100196250A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
    • D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/62227—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres
    • C04B35/62231—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres based on oxide ceramics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/62227—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres
    • C04B35/62231—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/6224—Fibres based on silica
    • C04B35/62245—Fibres based on silica rich in aluminium oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/62227—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres
    • C04B35/62272—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/62227—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres
    • C04B35/62272—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/62277—Fibres based on carbides
    • C04B35/62281—Fibres based on carbides based on silicon carbide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/62227—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres
    • C04B35/62272—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/62286—Fibres based on nitrides
    • C04B35/6229—Fibres based on nitrides based on boron nitride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
    • C04B35/634—Polymers
    • C04B35/63404—Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B35/63416—Polyvinylalcohols [PVA]; Polyvinylacetates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
    • C04B35/636—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
    • C04B35/636—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • C04B35/6365—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/06—Wet spinning methods
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
    • D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
    • D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208—Fibers
    • C04B2235/5264—Fibers characterised by the diameter of the fibers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a continuous process for producing composite fibers based on colloidal particles and in particular on carbon nanotubes.
  • the invention also relates to the composite fibers capable of being obtained according to this process.
  • Carbon nanotubes are known and have specific crystalline structures, of hollow and closed tubular form, composed of atoms regularly arranged as pentagons, hexagons and/or heptagons, obtained from carbon. CNTs are generally composed of one or more wound graphite sheets. A distinction is thus made between Single Wall Nanotubes (SWNTs) and Multi-Wall Nanotubes (MWNTs).
  • SWNTs Single Wall Nanotubes
  • MWNTs Multi-Wall Nanotubes
  • CNTs are commercially available or can be prepared by known methods.
  • Several processes exist for the synthesis of CNTs in particular electrical discharge, laser ablation and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), which makes it possible to provide for the manufacture of a large amount of carbon nanotubes and thus their production at a cost price compatible with their large-scale use.
  • This process consists specifically in injecting a carbon source at relatively high temperature onto a catalyst which can itself be composed of a metal, such as iron, cobalt, nickel or molybdenum, supported on an inorganic solid, such as alumina, silica or magnesia.
  • the carbon sources can comprise methane, ethane, ethylene, acetylene, ethanol, methanol, indeed even a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (HIPCO process).
  • application WO 86/03455A1 from Hyperion Catalysis International Inc. describes in particular the synthesis of CNTs. More particularly, the process comprises bringing into contact a particle based on a metal, such as in particular iron, cobalt or nickel, with a gaseous carbon-based compound at a temperature of between 850° C. and 1200° C., the proportion by dry weight of the carbon-based compound with respect to the metal-based particle being at least approximately 100:1.
  • a metal such as in particular iron, cobalt or nickel
  • CNTs have numerous outstanding properties, namely electronic, thermal, chemical and mechanical properties. Mention may in particular be made, among the applications, of composite materials intended in particular for the automobile and aeronautics industries, electromechanical actuators, cables, resisting wires, chemical detectors, the storage and conversion of energy, electron emission displays, electronic components and functional textiles.
  • CNTs are in the form of a disorganized powder which makes them difficult to employ in making use of their properties.
  • the CNTs it is necessary for the CNTs to be present in large amounts and oriented in a favored direction.
  • concentration and the orientation of the CNTs are important parameters to be taken into consideration in making use of their properties on the macroscopic scale.
  • the nanotubes can be incorporated in a matrix, such as an organic polymer.
  • Spinning can then be carried out according to conventional technologies, which makes it possible, by drawing and/or shearing operations, to orientate the CNTs along the axis of the fiber.
  • this technique does not make it possible to obtain high fractions of CNTs in the fibers and the presence of aggregates, due to the high amount of CNT dispersed in the matrix, weakens the fibers, which may then break.
  • Another solution consists in dispersing colloidal particles, in particular CNTs, in an aqueous or organic solvent, optionally with the help of a surfactant, and in injecting this dispersion into another liquid, known as coagulation solution, which flows in a duct around the dispersion, in order to obtain a prefiber.
  • the prefiber thus obtained is dried in order to form a fiber. This process makes it possible to obtain fibers, the fraction by weight of nanotubes of which can vary between 10% and 100%.
  • this process is slow since it consists of two separate stages (formation of the prefiber and then recovery in an intermediate vat; and extraction of the prefiber for final drying and winding) and limits the production of the fibers, which makes it unsuitable for the industrial scale. This is because, once the recovery vat is filled, the process has to be halted and it is then also necessary to extract the prefibers formed and stored in the intermediate recovery vat.
  • Another disadvantage is the absence of control of the residence time of the prefibers in the coagulation solution. This is because the prefiber parts formed in the first instance remain for an extended time in the presence of the coagulation solution while they remain in the recovery vat, in contrast to the prefiber portions formed at the end of the operation, which have stayed there for a shorter period of time. In point of fact, the residence time is capable of affecting the structure and the properties of the fibers. This process thus does not make it possible to continuously prepare homogeneous fibers.
  • the Applicant Company has discovered that this need could be met by employing a continuous process which uses a polymer as coagulating agent and which makes it possible to control the residence time of a prefiber in the flow of a coagulation solution by adjusting the length of the duct and by using a system for extracting said prefiber in vertical configuration.
  • a subject matter of the present invention is thus a continuous process for producing composite fibers, said process comprising:
  • the process according to the invention can be applied to colloidal particles in general and more particularly to anisotropic particles, such as nanotubes, such as, for example, carbon nanotubes, tungsten sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, boron nitride, vanadium oxide, cellulose whiskers, silicon carbide whiskers and clay platelets. It is preferable to use carbon nanotubes.
  • anisotropic particles such as nanotubes, such as, for example, carbon nanotubes, tungsten sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, boron nitride, vanadium oxide, cellulose whiskers, silicon carbide whiskers and clay platelets. It is preferable to use carbon nanotubes.
  • the carbon nanotubes which can be used according to the invention can be of the single wall, double wall or multi-wall type.
  • the double wall nanotubes can in particular be prepared as described by Flahaut et al. in Chem. Comm. (2003), 1442.
  • the multi-wall nanotubes can for their part be prepared as described in the document WO 03/02456.
  • the nanotubes employed according to the invention usually have a mean diameter ranging from 0.1 to 200 nm, preferably from 0.1 to 100 nm, more preferably from 0.4 to 50 nm and better still from 1 to 30 nm and advantageously a length of more than 0.1 ⁇ m and advantageously from 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m, for example of approximately 6 ⁇ m. Their length/diameter ratio is advantageously greater than 10 and generally greater than 100.
  • These nanotubes thus comprise in particular the Vapor Grown Carbon Fibers (VGCFs).
  • Their specific surface is, for example, between 100 and 300 m 2 /g and their bulk density can in particular be between 0.05 and 0.5 g/cm 3 and more preferably between 0.1 and 0.2 g/m 3 .
  • the multi-wall carbon nanotubes can, for example, comprise from 5 to 15 sheets and more preferably from 7 to 10 sheets.
  • crude carbon nanotubes is in particular commercially available from Arkema under the trade name Graphistrength® C100.
  • the nanotubes can be purified and/treated (in particular oxidized) and/or milled before they are employed in the process according to the invention. They can also be functionalized by chemical methods in solution, such as amination or the reaction with coupling agents.
  • the milling of the nanotubes can in particular be carried out under cold conditions or under hot conditions and can be carried out according to the known techniques employed in devices such as ball, hammer, buhr, knife or gas jet mills or any other milling system capable of reducing the size of the entangled network of nanotubes. It is preferable for this milling stage to be carried out according to a gas jet milling technique, in particular in an air jet mill, or in a ball or bead mill.
  • the nanotubes can be purified by washing with a solution of sulfuric acid or of another acid, so as to free them from possible residual inorganic and metallic impurities originating from the process for the preparation thereof.
  • the ratio by weight of the nanotubes to the sulfuric acid can in particular be between 1:2 and 1:3.
  • the purification operation can furthermore be carried out at a temperature ranging from 90 to 120° C., for example for a time of 5 to 10 hours. This operation can advantageously be followed by stages of rinsing with water and of drying the purified nanotubes.
  • the oxidation of the nanotubes is advantageously carried out by bringing the latter into contact with a sodium hypochlorite solution including from 0.5 to 15% by weight of NaOCl and preferably from 1 to 10% by weight of NaOCl, for example in a ratio by weight of the nanotubes to the sodium hypochlorite ranging from 1:0.1 to 1:1.
  • the oxidation is advantageously carried out at a temperature of less than 60° C. and preferably at ambient temperature, for a time ranging from a few minutes to 24 hours. This oxidation operation can advantageously be followed by stages of filtering and/or centrifuging, washing and drying the oxidized nanotubes.
  • the first stage of the process according to the invention can in particular be such as described in application WO 01/63028. It thus consists in dispersing colloidal particles (of hydrophobic nature) in an aqueous or organic solvent, such as water or an alcohol, for example ethanol, optionally with the help of a surface-active agent conventionally used to disperse hydrophobic particles in such a solvent.
  • an aqueous or organic solvent such as water or an alcohol, for example ethanol
  • a surface-active agent conventionally used to disperse hydrophobic particles in such a solvent.
  • the solvent used is water
  • anionic, cationic or neutral surfactants such as, in particular, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), alkylaryl esters or tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide.
  • SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate
  • alkylaryl esters or tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide.
  • the amount colloidal particles in the dispersion it is preferable to use the most concentrated possible suspensions while attempting to keep the suspensions homogeneous.
  • the solvent is water
  • the second stage of the process according to the invention consists in injecting the dispersion obtained after the first stage through at least one orifice emerging in the coflow, advantageously laminar coflow, of a coagulation solution, the viscosity of which should preferably be greater than that of said dispersion, the viscosities being measured under the same temperature and pressure conditions, in order to bring about, due to the shear forces, the alignment of the colloidal particles in the direction initially imposed by the flow of said coagulation solution.
  • the coagulation solution is also referred to as flocculation solution, indeed even also coagulating solution.
  • Use is made, as coagulant, of a polymer, such as a polyol or a polyalcohol (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) which also has a viscosifying role), alginate or cellulose, as described in application WO 01/63028. Mention may be made, as solvents, of in particular water or DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide).
  • the solution is a solution of polyvinyl alcohol.
  • Use may in particular be made of solutions of the polyvinyl alcohol in water or DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) at concentrations by weight of between 1% by weight and 10% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the coagulation solution, with varied molecular weights.
  • DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
  • the rate of flow of the coagulation solution measured at the center of the duct is from 1 m/min to 100 m/min, preferably from 2 m/min to 50 m/min and more preferably still from 5 m/min to 25 m/min.
  • the viscosity, measured at 20° C. in a Couette cell, of the coagulation solution is between 1 mPa ⁇ s and 1000 mPa ⁇ s, preferably between 30 mPa ⁇ s and 300 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the dispersion of colloidal particles is injected through a needle and/or a cylindrical or conical nozzle which is nonporous into the coflow of the coagulation solution.
  • the mean rate of injection of the dispersion is between 0.1 m/min and 50 m/min, preferably between 0.5 m/min and 20 m/min and more preferably still between 1 m/min and 6 m/min.
  • the coagulating solution brings about the coagulation in the form of a prefiber by destabilization of the dispersion of colloidal particles. In order for the particles to become orientated, it is preferable for the rate of injection of the dispersion to be less than the rate of flow of the coagulation solution.
  • the viscosity of the injected dispersion is, at 20° C., between 1 mPa ⁇ s and 100 mPa ⁇ s, preferably between 1 mPa ⁇ s and 10 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the coagulation is provided by the adsorption of the polymer chains of the coagulant on the colloidal particles.
  • the prefiber thus formed and the coagulation solution subsequently flow in an advantageously cylindrical duct having a length L defined by the following equation L T min *R in which R is the rate of circulation of the prefiber in the duct, this rate being measured at the center of the flow of the coagulation solution, that is to say at the center of the duct, and T min is the minimum residence time.
  • minimum residence time T min of the prefiber in the coagulation solution is understood to mean, in the context of the present invention, the minimum residence time of the prefiber in the duct which is necessary in order to confer, on the prefiber, a strength sufficient to allow it to be extracted from the duct. This time corresponds to the time during which the prefiber will interact with the coagulation solution. This parameter governs the sturdiness of said prefiber.
  • the prefiber will have a satisfactory strength and can be extracted from the coagulation solution without breaking.
  • the minimum residence time can be from a few seconds to several tens of seconds.
  • the residence time is an important parameter for the continuous production of homogeneous fibers since the residence time is capable of affecting the structure and the property of the fibers.
  • the minimum residence time depends on the kinetics of diffusion of the chains of the polymer in the prefiber. In order to reduce this minimum residence time, it is thus possible to use solutions of polymers with lower molecular weights, or mixtures with different molecular weights, which will then diffuse more rapidly in the prefiber.
  • Another solution in order to reduce the minimum residence time consists in using the chemical route, agents which promote the coagulation being added to the coagulating solution.
  • the following stage of the process according to the invention consists in continuously extracting the prefiber from the coagulation solution.
  • This extraction can be carried out independently of the configuration initially chosen for the device in which the process is carried out, provided that it is carried out vertically.
  • the continuous extraction is carried out by overflowing of the coagulation solution into a chamber placed around the duct in which the prefiber and the coagulation solution flow.
  • the prefiber is subsequently carried off continuously by virtue of a roller placed above the duct, at a linear rate of between 1 m/min and 100 m/min, preferably of between 2 m/min and 50 m/min and more preferably still of between 5 m/min and 25 m/min.
  • This configuration exhibits some major advantages for the production of fibers on the industrial scale.
  • the first advantage is that it is possible to redirect the coagulation solution to an external tank or chamber in order to subsequently keep it recirculated.
  • this tank can make it possible to easily change the polymer solution in order to prevent the possible aging thereof due to the surfactant employed or to possible chemical decompositions.
  • Another advantage of the vertical configuration is that it makes possible precise adjustment of the residence time. This is because, as the prefiber is not stored in an intermediate bath, its residence time in the coagulation solution is precise and identical at the beginning or the end of the experiment. A homogeneous prefiber is then obtained.
  • the extraction of the prefiber during the overflowing of the coagulation solution into the external chamber may be rendered difficult when the rate of flow R of the coagulation solution in the tube is high. This is because the coagulation solution then has a tendency to carry the prefiber along into the external chamber. It is then possible to adapt geometries at the duct outlet, such as a conical component or a component with successive flarings, in order to slow down the prefiber and facilitate the handling and extraction thereof.
  • Yet another advantage of the vertical configuration is the freeing from the effects of gravity during the flowing of the prefiber in the duct.
  • the prefiber does not always remain at the center of the flow in the duct, its density being different from that of the coagulation solution. It may then be necessary to incorporate a 90° elbow at the end of the duct in order to make possible the extraction by vertical overflowing.
  • the duct conveying the prefiber When the duct conveying the prefiber is in the horizontal configuration, it is possible to produce one or more 180° bends in order to link more tubes together. If the experiment takes place in a reduced space, it is possible, by this means, to adjust the length of the duct in order to achieve a given residence time.
  • the prefiber is not damaged by these bends if a low radius of curvature is chosen. If the radius of curvature is high, the prefiber travels a large distance and spends a long time in these bends. There is then a risk of it gradually moving away from the axis of the tube under the action of the centrifugal force until it rubs against the walls of the tube, becomes entangled and/or breaks.
  • the prefiber After the continuous extraction of the prefiber from the duct, the prefiber can be carried along to a washing vat comprising water.
  • the washing stage makes it possible to remove a portion of the peripheral polymer from the prefiber and thus to enrich the composition of the prefiber in colloidal particles.
  • the washing bath can comprise agents which make it possible to modify the composition of the prefiber or which interact chemically with the latter.
  • agents for chemical or physical crosslinking can be added to the bath in order to strengthen the prefiber.
  • the prefiber is advantageously carried along to the washing bath via at least one roller.
  • the prefiber might also be carried by a conveyor belt composed of multiple rollers driven by gears. The use of a conveyor belt during the washing stage makes it possible to prevent any uncontrolled lengthening of the prefiber.
  • a drying stage is also included in the process according to the invention. This stage can take place either directly after the extraction or consecutively to the washing.
  • the prefiber is advantageously carried along to the oven by at least one roller. It might also be carried by a conveyor belt composed of multiple rollers driven by gears.
  • the final stage of the process comprises the winding of the fiber thus obtained via a conventional winder situated at the end of the spinning line.
  • the process according to the invention can also comprise a stage of hot drawing which would be carried out between the drying stage and the winding stage.
  • the diameter of the fibers obtained is between 0.005 mm and 0.100 mm and preferably between 0.02 mm and 0.04 mm.
  • the length of the fibers is undefined since, while the plant operates, fiber production is continuous.
  • a device comprising at least one tank containing a coagulation solution, at least one tank containing a dispersion of colloidal particles, at least one means for conveying said coagulation solution, at least one means for conveying said dispersion, at least one means for injecting said dispersion into said coagulation solution, at least one means for circulating a prefiber in a coflow of said coagulation solution, at least one means for extracting the prefiber, optionally at least one washing means, optionally at least one drying means, at least one winding means and at least one means for carrying along the prefiber or the fiber.
  • the plant for carrying out the process according to the invention can adopt either a vertical configuration or a horizontal configuration, as described above.
  • the tanks which can be used in the device according to the invention are any type of tank known to a person skilled in the art.
  • the conveying means are any type of means known to a person skilled in the art, such as pipes, ducts, and tubes or tubular conduits.
  • the injection means is in particular an injector which can coupled to two pumps, the first pump being used for the flow of the coagulating solution and the second being used for the injection of the dispersion of colloidal particles, such as, in particular, a positive displacement pump, for example a gear pump.
  • the injector makes it possible to adjust the coaxiality of the needle in the glass tube. Specifically, it can center the needle by the tightening of adjusting screws situated at the rear of the injector.
  • the means for circulating a prefiber can be any means known to a person skilled in the art and advantageously a cylindrical duct.
  • This duct can in particular be composed of a series of cylindrical glass tubes or of a single tube of appropriate length. Tubes with different cross sections can be used, such as, for example, tubes with an internal diameter of 2 mm and 4 mm.
  • tubes with small diameters namely with an internal diameter of between 0.5 mm and 15 mm and preferably of 2 mm, are favored in order to prevent differences due to the presence of air bubbles.
  • the means for extracting in the vertical configuration comprises, at the outlet of the duct, a conical component or a component with successive flarings.
  • the means for carrying along the prefiber or the fiber can be at least one roller or a conveyor belt composed of multiple rollers driven by gears.
  • the device according to the invention can also comprise additional equipment on the spinning line, such as in particular hot drawing rollers situated between the oven and the winder.
  • Another subject matter of the invention is a composite fiber capable of being obtained according to the process of the invention.
  • FIGURE illustrates a general view of the plant making possible implementation of the process according to the invention.
  • FIGURE represents a general view of a plant for the implementation of the process according to the invention in a preferred embodiment.
  • the FIGURE represents a plant 1 for the continuous production of homogeneous fibers based on CNTs.
  • This plant 1 comprises two tanks 2 and 3 connected to an injector 4 via pipes 5 and 6 respectively.
  • the injector comprises, at the outlet, a needle 7 which passes longitudinally and centrally through a cylindrical glass duct 8 .
  • An extraction region 9 in the vertical configuration, is situated at the outlet of the duct 8 and comprises an external chamber 10 connected to the tank 3 via a pipe 12 and a conical component 11 surmounting the duct 8 .
  • Rollers 13 , 14 and 15 make it possible to carry along the prefiber 16 thus obtained to a washing unit 17 , a drying unit (or oven) 18 and a winding unit (or winder) 19 respectively.
  • Elicarb® single wall nanotubes from Thomas Swan were dispersed using ultrasound in a solution comprising water and 1% by weight of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The dispersion is placed in the tank 2 . Use is made, in the tank 3 , as coagulating solution, of a 5% by weight solution of Mowiol® 56-98 polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) from Clariant with a molecular weight of 195 kDa.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • the CNT dispersion of the tank 2 is conveyed via the pipe 5 to the injector 4 while the coagulating polymer solution of the tank 3 is conveyed via the pipe 6 to the injector 4 .
  • the dispersion is injected into the cylindrical duct 8 via the needle 7 with a diameter of 0.3 mm, at a mean injection rate of 4.2 m/min.
  • a prefiber 16 is thus formed in the duct 8 .
  • the duct 8 is composed of a plurality of tubes, the diameter of which is 6 mm.
  • the continuous extraction of the prefiber is carried out in the vertical configuration by overflowing with the help of the conical component 11 situated at the top of the duct.
  • the coagulating polymer solution is redirected to the external chamber 10 and is then returned to the tank 3 via the pipe 12 .
  • the prefiber 16 is carried along continuously by the roller 13 as far as the washing bath 17 , in order to remove a portion of the peripheral polymer and thus to enrich the composition of the prefiber in CNT.
  • the prefiber 16 is subsequently carried along by the roller 14 to the oven 18 , where it is dried by virtue of hot air. Once dried, a fiber 20 thus obtained is carried along by a roller as far as a winder 19 in order to be wound off around a reel and easily stored.
  • the prefibers obtained are strong and able to be handled. They can be continuously extracted with a roller at a rate of approximately 11 m/min.
  • the prefiber With the length L 3 (1.5 m going+0.6 m bend+1.5 m coming+1 m vertical extraction), the prefiber has strength but is difficult to handle. Continuous extraction is achieved, but with difficulty.
  • the prefiber With the length L 4 (1.5 m going+1 m vertical extraction), the prefiber is not sufficiently strong and cannot be continuously extracted.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
US12/677,619 2007-09-18 2008-03-18 Continuous method for obtaining composite fibres containing colloidal particles and resulting fibre Abandoned US20100196250A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0706542 2007-09-18
FR0706542A FR2921075B1 (fr) 2007-09-18 2007-09-18 Procede continu d'obtention de fibres composites a base de particules colloidales et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre
PCT/FR2008/051679 WO2009047456A2 (fr) 2007-09-18 2008-09-18 Procede continu d ' obtention de fibres composites a base de particules colloïdales et fibre obtenue par ce procede

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20100196250A1 true US20100196250A1 (en) 2010-08-05

Family

ID=39495671

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/677,619 Abandoned US20100196250A1 (en) 2007-09-18 2008-03-18 Continuous method for obtaining composite fibres containing colloidal particles and resulting fibre

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20100196250A1 (ko)
EP (1) EP2191045A2 (ko)
JP (1) JP2010539342A (ko)
KR (1) KR20100059874A (ko)
CN (1) CN101802276A (ko)
FR (1) FR2921075B1 (ko)
WO (1) WO2009047456A2 (ko)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2636774A1 (de) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-11 Glanzstoff Bohemia s.r.o. Cellulosische Regeneratfasern und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
EP2909365A4 (en) * 2012-10-22 2016-06-29 Innventia Ab METHOD FOR SPINNING FIBERS OR EXTRUSION AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED THEREOF
US9506194B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2016-11-29 Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc Dispersion of carbon enhanced reinforcement fibers in aqueous or non-aqueous media
US10273599B2 (en) * 2015-07-24 2019-04-30 Lg Chem, Ltd. Apparatus for manufacturing carbon nanotube fiber

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2946178A1 (fr) * 2009-05-27 2010-12-03 Arkema France Procede de fabrication d'une fibre conductrice multicouche par enduction-coagulation.
FR2946177B1 (fr) 2009-05-27 2011-05-27 Arkema France Procede de fabrication de fibres composites conductrices a haute teneur en nanotubes.
FR2978170B1 (fr) 2011-07-21 2014-08-08 Arkema France Fibres composites conductrices a base de graphene
JP5924103B2 (ja) * 2012-04-27 2016-05-25 東レ株式会社 カーボンナノチューブ分散液の製造方法
CN104746160A (zh) * 2013-12-27 2015-07-01 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 红外透过率/反射率可变的纳米复合纤维以及制备方法
FR3019563B1 (fr) 2014-04-03 2016-04-29 Centre Nat Rech Scient Procede de preparation de fibres macroscopiques de dioxyde de titane par extrusion unidirectionnelle continue, fibres obtenues et applications
GB201810746D0 (en) 2018-06-29 2018-08-15 Mereo Biopharma 3 Ltd Use of sclerostin antagonist
CN117580797A (zh) * 2021-05-26 2024-02-20 指引空气收集有限责任公司 用于由二氧化碳制备碳纳米材料纤维和纺织品的设备、系统和方法以及其材料和材料和产品
WO2024122612A1 (ja) * 2022-12-08 2024-06-13 住友電気工業株式会社 カーボンナノチューブ線材の製造装置およびカーボンナノチューブ線材の製造方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4663230A (en) * 1984-12-06 1987-05-05 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Carbon fibrils, method for producing same and compositions containing same
US20030102585A1 (en) * 2000-02-23 2003-06-05 Philippe Poulin Method for obtaining macroscopic fibres and strips from colloidal particles and in particular carbon nanotudes
US6712864B2 (en) * 2001-03-02 2004-03-30 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Carbon nanotube structures and method for manufacturing the same
US20090318043A1 (en) * 2006-03-06 2009-12-24 Nanoledge Inc. Method for making polymeric extruded composite products and carbon nanotubes

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2711559A (en) * 1952-06-28 1955-06-28 Celanese Corp Viscose spinning process and apparatus
GB787557A (en) * 1953-09-02 1957-12-11 British Celanese Improvements in the production of artificial filamentary materials
US3393080A (en) * 1965-10-20 1968-07-16 Fmc Corp Microcrystalline colloidal collagen dispersions in dispersing media containing dimethyl sulfoxide and water-miscible organic solvents
FR2851260B1 (fr) * 2003-02-19 2005-07-01 Nanoledge Dispositif pour la fabrication de fibres et/ou de rubans, a partir de particules placees en suspension dans une solution

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4663230A (en) * 1984-12-06 1987-05-05 Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. Carbon fibrils, method for producing same and compositions containing same
US20030102585A1 (en) * 2000-02-23 2003-06-05 Philippe Poulin Method for obtaining macroscopic fibres and strips from colloidal particles and in particular carbon nanotudes
US7655164B2 (en) * 2000-02-23 2010-02-02 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Method for obtaining macroscopic fibres and strips from colloidal particles and in particular carbon nanotubes
US6712864B2 (en) * 2001-03-02 2004-03-30 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Carbon nanotube structures and method for manufacturing the same
US20090318043A1 (en) * 2006-03-06 2009-12-24 Nanoledge Inc. Method for making polymeric extruded composite products and carbon nanotubes

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2636774A1 (de) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-11 Glanzstoff Bohemia s.r.o. Cellulosische Regeneratfasern und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE102012004807A1 (de) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-12 Glanzstoff Bohemia S.R.O. Cellulosische Regeneratfasern und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
US9506194B2 (en) 2012-09-04 2016-11-29 Ocv Intellectual Capital, Llc Dispersion of carbon enhanced reinforcement fibers in aqueous or non-aqueous media
EP2909365A4 (en) * 2012-10-22 2016-06-29 Innventia Ab METHOD FOR SPINNING FIBERS OR EXTRUSION AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED THEREOF
US10132005B2 (en) 2012-10-22 2018-11-20 Rise Innventia Ab Method of spinning fibres or extrusion, and the products obtained
US10273599B2 (en) * 2015-07-24 2019-04-30 Lg Chem, Ltd. Apparatus for manufacturing carbon nanotube fiber

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2921075A1 (fr) 2009-03-20
JP2010539342A (ja) 2010-12-16
WO2009047456A2 (fr) 2009-04-16
EP2191045A2 (fr) 2010-06-02
FR2921075B1 (fr) 2010-03-12
CN101802276A (zh) 2010-08-11
KR20100059874A (ko) 2010-06-04
WO2009047456A3 (fr) 2009-09-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20100196250A1 (en) Continuous method for obtaining composite fibres containing colloidal particles and resulting fibre
JP3954967B2 (ja) カーボンナノチューブフィラメント、リボン、および糸の紡糸、処理、および利用
CN113913970B (zh) 一种高性能纳米碳纤维及其连续制备的方法
US7655164B2 (en) Method for obtaining macroscopic fibres and strips from colloidal particles and in particular carbon nanotubes
Chen et al. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced nylon 6 composites
EP2173655B1 (en) Chemically-assisted alignment of nanotubes within extensible structures
US20100272978A1 (en) Carbon fibers and films and methods of making same
Rangari et al. Alignment of carbon nanotubes and reinforcing effects in nylon-6 polymer composite fibers
JP2004532937A5 (ko)
KR20100100847A (ko) 초강산 용액으로부터 가공된 니트 탄소 나노튜브 물품 및 이의 제조 방법
Bang et al. Effects of pH on electrospun PVA/acid-treated MWNT composite nanofibers
JP2010216018A (ja) ポリビニルアルコール系コンポジット繊維およびその製造方法
Wang et al. Controlling the optimum surfactants concentrations for dispersing carbon nanofibers in aqueous solution
Hu et al. Poly (vinyl alcohol) fibers with excellent mechanical properties produced by reinforcement of single-walled graphene oxide nanoribbons with complete morphology obtained by freeze-drying
US20100117259A1 (en) Fabrication of small diameter continuous fibers
Ranjan et al. Multi-walled carbon nanotube/polymer composite: a nano-enabled continuous fiber
CN111962167B (zh) 一种碳纤维原丝的制备方法
Miao Solution-spun carbon nanotube fibers
EP2568064A1 (en) Carbon nanotubes fiber having low resistivity
CN113957568A (zh) 一种高取向碳纳米管纤维的制备方法
Wang Spinning methods for carbon nanotube fibers
KR101990385B1 (ko) 탄소나노튜브섬유 제조장치
CN112723771A (zh) 一种聚丙烯腈-功能化碳纳米管复合纤维的制备方法及其应用
Manjunath et al. Micro Fabrication of CNT based fibers
CN115961375A (zh) 芳纶及碳纳米管复合纤维用纺丝液及利用其的芳纶及碳纳米管复合纤维的制备方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: ARKEMA FRANCE, FRANCE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DERRE, ALAIN;LUCAS, ANTOINE;POULIN, PHILIPPE;SIGNING DATES FROM 20100217 TO 20100223;REEL/FRAME:024065/0621

Owner name: CNRS, FRANCE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DERRE, ALAIN;LUCAS, ANTOINE;POULIN, PHILIPPE;SIGNING DATES FROM 20100217 TO 20100223;REEL/FRAME:024065/0621

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION