Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/14—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
  • C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
  • C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
  • C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
  • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
  • C10G2300/1022—Fischer-Tropsch products
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
  • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
  • C10G2300/1033—Oil well production fluids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
  • C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
  • C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
  • C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
  • C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
  • C10G2300/301—Boiling range
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
  • C10G2300/80—Additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
  • C10G2400/04—Diesel oil
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
  • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine

Definitions

• the invention relates to maintaining and/or improving cold flow properties of diesel fuels which include Fischer Tropsch (FT) derived fuel and a CFPP additive.
• FT Fischer Tropsch
• CFPP Cold Filter Plugging Point
• the cold flow behaviour of diesel fuels generally depends on their molecular structure.
• Fuels usually contain a mixture of hydrocarbons including n-paraffins, branched linear paraffins, olefins, aromatics and other non-polar and polar compounds.
• the straight chain hydrocarbons which have the lowest solubility in the fuel tend to separate as waxes at low temperatures below the cloud point of the fuel.
• the n-paraffins distribution of diesels is typically in the range of C9-C28 although the carbon chain length sometimes extends to the mid to upper thirties. As the chain length of the n-alkane molecule increases, its solubility in the fuel at low temperatures decreases and the rate of separation increases.
• cold flow additives such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) based co-polymers
• EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
• Flow improvers are most effective in fuels with a low concentration of widely distributed waxy n-paraffins, since crystal growth is slow in such fuels and flow improver molecules can effectively co-crystallize on slowly growing wax crystals.
• Additive composition is adjusted such that at the fuel cloud point many artificial nuclei become available on which wax crystals grow.
• Narrow cut fuels which are fractionated sharply, tend to be less responsive to flow improvers because they have a higher wax precipitation rate. It is generally agreed that flow improvers reduce filter plugging temperatures by co-crystallizing with n-paraffin molecules to inhibit wax crystal growth. This implies there is a balance between the rate of crystal growth and the rate of co-crystallization. If the rate of crystal growth is slow, the flow improver has a better chance of co-crystallization with the growing wax crystal and inhibits its growth. If the rate of crystal growth is rapid, large crystals form before the flow improvers can co-crystallize with them to hinder their growth.
• Fuels with a wide carbon distribution contain many different n-parrafinic molecules and it is believed that crystals from a mixture of n-paraffins grow at a slower rate than crystals formed from a single n-paraffin, because n-paraffins in mixtures do not line up side by side to form a new layer on the crystal. Since mixed n-paraffin crystals grow slowly, flow improvers have more time to interact with the growing crystals and inhibit their growth.
• FT derived diesel consists of approximately 50% n-paraffins compared to an EN590 conventional diesel that contains less than 20% n-paraffins. Although FT derived diesel has a normal boiling range, comparable to that of EN590 diesels, the large total volume of n-paraffins may enhance crystal growth rate to the extent that it decrease the effectiveness of flow improvers compared to conventional diesels
• a FT derived diesel, crude derived diesel, and CFPP improving additive blend wherein the FT diesel is from 1 vol % to 50 vol % of the blend, said blend having a CFPP of below ⁇ 18° C.
• the FT diesel is from 5 vol % to 40 vol % of the blend and the CFPP of the blend is below ⁇ 20° C.
• the FT diesel is from 5 vol % to 20 vol % of the blend and the CFPP of the blend is below ⁇ 20° C.
• the CFPP improving additive is usually from 50 ppm to 1000 ppm of the blend, typically 100 ppm to 1000 ppm, more typically from 250 ppm to 1000 ppm.
• the FT diesel may have a >C19 wax content of less than 3.2 mass %, in some embodiments less than 2.4 mass %, even less than 1.8 mass %, typically 1.6 mass %.
• the FT diesel may have a CFPP of ⁇ 5° C. to ⁇ 18° C., typically ⁇ 10° C. to ⁇ 18° C.
• the FT diesel may have a CFPP of ⁇ 18° C. with the following characteristics:
• the FT diesel may have a T90-T20 of 120° C. to 105° C.
• the FT diesel may be defined as a winter diesel conforming to a CFPP of less than ⁇ 10° C.
• the crude derived diesel may have a CFPP of ⁇ 5° C. to ⁇ 15°, typically ⁇ 10° C. to ⁇ 15° C.
• the crude derived diesel may have a T90-T20 of 60° C. to 130° C.
• the crude derived diesel may have FBP-T90 of 23° C. to 35° C.
• the crude-oil derived diesel can either be a narrow cut or a wide cut diesel
• the invention extends to the use of FT diesel as a blend component for a compression ignition fuel blend, said blend including the FT diesel, a crude derived diesel fuel and a CFPP improver additive, wherein the FT diesel is from 1 vol % to 50 vol % of the blend, which blend has a CFPP of below ⁇ 20° C.
• the FT diesel is from 5 vol % to 40 vol % of the blend and the CFPP of the blend is below ⁇ 20° C.
• the CFPP of a blend including around 20 vol % FT diesel is typically less than ⁇ 20° C. at
• CFPP improver dosage rates less than 500ppm for narrow cut crude-oil derived diesel and less than ⁇ 30° C. for wide cut crude-oil derived diesels at similar dosage rates.
• the CFPP improving additive is usually from 50 ppm to 1000 ppm of the blend.
• FT diesel samples were evaluated to investigate the effect on cold flow improver performance when adding a winter grade FT diesel to wide and narrow EN590 diesels. Selected fuel properties of the base fuels are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
• a FT diesel sample with a Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) of ⁇ 18° C. and another with a CFPP of ⁇ 7° C. were tested with various CFPP improvers (additives). These results are shown in Table 3 to Table 6.
• CFPP Cold Filter Plugging Point

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

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Citations (5)

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• 2008
  • 2008-05-30 US US12/601,771 patent/US20100175314A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-05-30 AU AU2008278608A patent/AU2008278608B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2008-05-30 WO PCT/ZA2008/000042 patent/WO2009015400A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2008-05-30 JP JP2010510569A patent/JP5701598B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2008-05-30 GB GB0920639.2A patent/GB2462044B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2008-05-30 CN CN200880101148.7A patent/CN101802144B/zh active Active
• 2013
  • 2013-08-26 US US14/010,464 patent/US8870984B2/en active Active

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