US20100175314A1 - Cold flow response of diesel fuels - Google Patents
Cold flow response of diesel fuels Download PDFInfo
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- US20100175314A1 US20100175314A1 US12/601,771 US60177108A US2010175314A1 US 20100175314 A1 US20100175314 A1 US 20100175314A1 US 60177108 A US60177108 A US 60177108A US 2010175314 A1 US2010175314 A1 US 2010175314A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/14—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
- C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1022—Fischer-Tropsch products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1033—Oil well production fluids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
- C10G2300/301—Boiling range
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/80—Additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/04—Diesel oil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
Definitions
- the invention relates to maintaining and/or improving cold flow properties of diesel fuels which include Fischer Tropsch (FT) derived fuel and a CFPP additive.
- FT Fischer Tropsch
- CFPP Cold Filter Plugging Point
- the cold flow behaviour of diesel fuels generally depends on their molecular structure.
- Fuels usually contain a mixture of hydrocarbons including n-paraffins, branched linear paraffins, olefins, aromatics and other non-polar and polar compounds.
- the straight chain hydrocarbons which have the lowest solubility in the fuel tend to separate as waxes at low temperatures below the cloud point of the fuel.
- the n-paraffins distribution of diesels is typically in the range of C9-C28 although the carbon chain length sometimes extends to the mid to upper thirties. As the chain length of the n-alkane molecule increases, its solubility in the fuel at low temperatures decreases and the rate of separation increases.
- cold flow additives such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) based co-polymers
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
- Flow improvers are most effective in fuels with a low concentration of widely distributed waxy n-paraffins, since crystal growth is slow in such fuels and flow improver molecules can effectively co-crystallize on slowly growing wax crystals.
- Additive composition is adjusted such that at the fuel cloud point many artificial nuclei become available on which wax crystals grow.
- Narrow cut fuels which are fractionated sharply, tend to be less responsive to flow improvers because they have a higher wax precipitation rate. It is generally agreed that flow improvers reduce filter plugging temperatures by co-crystallizing with n-paraffin molecules to inhibit wax crystal growth. This implies there is a balance between the rate of crystal growth and the rate of co-crystallization. If the rate of crystal growth is slow, the flow improver has a better chance of co-crystallization with the growing wax crystal and inhibits its growth. If the rate of crystal growth is rapid, large crystals form before the flow improvers can co-crystallize with them to hinder their growth.
- Fuels with a wide carbon distribution contain many different n-parrafinic molecules and it is believed that crystals from a mixture of n-paraffins grow at a slower rate than crystals formed from a single n-paraffin, because n-paraffins in mixtures do not line up side by side to form a new layer on the crystal. Since mixed n-paraffin crystals grow slowly, flow improvers have more time to interact with the growing crystals and inhibit their growth.
- FT derived diesel consists of approximately 50% n-paraffins compared to an EN590 conventional diesel that contains less than 20% n-paraffins. Although FT derived diesel has a normal boiling range, comparable to that of EN590 diesels, the large total volume of n-paraffins may enhance crystal growth rate to the extent that it decrease the effectiveness of flow improvers compared to conventional diesels
- a FT derived diesel, crude derived diesel, and CFPP improving additive blend wherein the FT diesel is from 1 vol % to 50 vol % of the blend, said blend having a CFPP of below ⁇ 18° C.
- the FT diesel is from 5 vol % to 40 vol % of the blend and the CFPP of the blend is below ⁇ 20° C.
- the FT diesel is from 5 vol % to 20 vol % of the blend and the CFPP of the blend is below ⁇ 20° C.
- the CFPP improving additive is usually from 50 ppm to 1000 ppm of the blend, typically 100 ppm to 1000 ppm, more typically from 250 ppm to 1000 ppm.
- the FT diesel may have a >C19 wax content of less than 3.2 mass %, in some embodiments less than 2.4 mass %, even less than 1.8 mass %, typically 1.6 mass %.
- the FT diesel may have a CFPP of ⁇ 5° C. to ⁇ 18° C., typically ⁇ 10° C. to ⁇ 18° C.
- the FT diesel may have a CFPP of ⁇ 18° C. with the following characteristics:
- the FT diesel may have a T90-T20 of 120° C. to 105° C.
- the FT diesel may be defined as a winter diesel conforming to a CFPP of less than ⁇ 10° C.
- the crude derived diesel may have a CFPP of ⁇ 5° C. to ⁇ 15°, typically ⁇ 10° C. to ⁇ 15° C.
- the crude derived diesel may have a T90-T20 of 60° C. to 130° C.
- the crude derived diesel may have FBP-T90 of 23° C. to 35° C.
- the crude-oil derived diesel can either be a narrow cut or a wide cut diesel
- the invention extends to the use of FT diesel as a blend component for a compression ignition fuel blend, said blend including the FT diesel, a crude derived diesel fuel and a CFPP improver additive, wherein the FT diesel is from 1 vol % to 50 vol % of the blend, which blend has a CFPP of below ⁇ 20° C.
- the FT diesel is from 5 vol % to 40 vol % of the blend and the CFPP of the blend is below ⁇ 20° C.
- the CFPP of a blend including around 20 vol % FT diesel is typically less than ⁇ 20° C. at
- CFPP improver dosage rates less than 500ppm for narrow cut crude-oil derived diesel and less than ⁇ 30° C. for wide cut crude-oil derived diesels at similar dosage rates.
- the CFPP improving additive is usually from 50 ppm to 1000 ppm of the blend.
- FT diesel samples were evaluated to investigate the effect on cold flow improver performance when adding a winter grade FT diesel to wide and narrow EN590 diesels. Selected fuel properties of the base fuels are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
- a FT diesel sample with a Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) of ⁇ 18° C. and another with a CFPP of ⁇ 7° C. were tested with various CFPP improvers (additives). These results are shown in Table 3 to Table 6.
- CFPP Cold Filter Plugging Point
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Abstract
The invention provides A blend of FT derived diesel, crude derived diesel, and CFPP improving additive, wherein the FT diesel is from 1 vol % to 50 vol % of the blend, said blend having a CFPP of below −18° C. The invention extends to use of FT diesel as a blendcomponent for a compression ignition fuel blend, said blend including the FT diesel, a crude derived diesel fuel and a CFPP improver additive, wherein the FT diesel is from 1 vol % to 50 vol % of the blend, which blend has a CFPP of below −20° C.
Description
- The invention relates to maintaining and/or improving cold flow properties of diesel fuels which include Fischer Tropsch (FT) derived fuel and a CFPP additive.
- In cold climates the Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) (EN116) of diesel fuels is very important and is specified in various standards such as the European diesel specification, EN590, where the climate related requirements vary from −20° C. CFPP for countries such as Germany to −10° C. and −5° C. respectively for countries such as Portugal and Greece. Countries such as Switzerland, Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark have adopted EN590 artic grade cold flow requirements with winter CFPP ranges being from −20° C. (Artic grade 0) to −32° C. (Arctic grade 2).
- The cold flow behaviour of diesel fuels generally depends on their molecular structure. Fuels usually contain a mixture of hydrocarbons including n-paraffins, branched linear paraffins, olefins, aromatics and other non-polar and polar compounds. The straight chain hydrocarbons which have the lowest solubility in the fuel tend to separate as waxes at low temperatures below the cloud point of the fuel. The n-paraffins distribution of diesels is typically in the range of C9-C28 although the carbon chain length sometimes extends to the mid to upper thirties. As the chain length of the n-alkane molecule increases, its solubility in the fuel at low temperatures decreases and the rate of separation increases. Upon continuous lowering of temperature below the fuel cloud point, these waxes start to adhere together to form a network which eventually prevents the flow of the fuel as measured by the pour point test. Also the large wax platelets formed tend to block the diesel fuel filter and prevent the engine operation at temperatures below the fuel cloud point. This behaviour can be simulated using lab tests such as the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) test.
- The addition of cold flow additives such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) based co-polymers, tend to enhance the cold flow characteristics of these fuels. These additives function by reducing the size and changing the shape of the wax crystals. They also reduce the tendency of the crystals to adhere together and form a gel. Flow improvers are most effective in fuels with a low concentration of widely distributed waxy n-paraffins, since crystal growth is slow in such fuels and flow improver molecules can effectively co-crystallize on slowly growing wax crystals.
- As a fuel is cooled to its cloud point, the normal paraffins begin to separate from the fuel wax. Upon further cooling, more wax appears and adds to these initial crystals. These crystals rapidly grow to a size which prevents fuel flow. Flow improvers act to modify the wax as it forms in the following ways:
- Nucleation: Additive composition is adjusted such that at the fuel cloud point many artificial nuclei become available on which wax crystals grow.
- Growth arresting: During crystal growth around the nuclei, additive molecules also act to prevent further growth.
- Both of these effects combine and result in the formation of many very small crystals rather than fewer larger crystals. These small crystals pass through the filters and/or form permeable cakes on the filter medium to allow continued operability until the fuel has warmed and the wax redissolves.
- It is believed that, amongst other factors, the following factors affect a fuel's response to flow improver additive:
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- Size of the crystal formed
- The rate of wax precipitation
- Wax carbon number range
- Fractionation sharpness
- Wax content and type.
- Narrow cut fuels, which are fractionated sharply, tend to be less responsive to flow improvers because they have a higher wax precipitation rate. It is generally agreed that flow improvers reduce filter plugging temperatures by co-crystallizing with n-paraffin molecules to inhibit wax crystal growth. This implies there is a balance between the rate of crystal growth and the rate of co-crystallization. If the rate of crystal growth is slow, the flow improver has a better chance of co-crystallization with the growing wax crystal and inhibits its growth. If the rate of crystal growth is rapid, large crystals form before the flow improvers can co-crystallize with them to hinder their growth. Fuels with a wide carbon distribution contain many different n-parrafinic molecules and it is believed that crystals from a mixture of n-paraffins grow at a slower rate than crystals formed from a single n-paraffin, because n-paraffins in mixtures do not line up side by side to form a new layer on the crystal. Since mixed n-paraffin crystals grow slowly, flow improvers have more time to interact with the growing crystals and inhibit their growth.
- FT derived diesel consists of approximately 50% n-paraffins compared to an EN590 conventional diesel that contains less than 20% n-paraffins. Although FT derived diesel has a normal boiling range, comparable to that of EN590 diesels, the large total volume of n-paraffins may enhance crystal growth rate to the extent that it decrease the effectiveness of flow improvers compared to conventional diesels
- It was thus expected that if FT derived diesel were blended with a crude oil derived diesel this would reduce the effectiveness of the CFPP additives on the blend.
- Moreover, it was expected that a narrow cut FT derived diesel would reduce the effectiveness of the CFPP additives on the blend.
- Surprisingly the inventors have solved the problem of the CFPP of FT derived diesel and crude oil derived diesel blends in the presence of CFPP additives.
- According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a FT derived diesel, crude derived diesel, and CFPP improving additive blend, wherein the FT diesel is from 1 vol % to 50 vol % of the blend, said blend having a CFPP of below −18° C.
- Typically, the FT diesel is from 5 vol % to 40 vol % of the blend and the CFPP of the blend is below −20° C.
- Typically, the FT diesel is from 5 vol % to 20 vol % of the blend and the CFPP of the blend is below −20° C.
- The CFPP improving additive is usually from 50 ppm to 1000 ppm of the blend, typically 100 ppm to 1000 ppm, more typically from 250 ppm to 1000 ppm.
- The FT diesel may have a >C19 wax content of less than 3.2 mass %, in some embodiments less than 2.4 mass %, even less than 1.8 mass %, typically 1.6 mass %.
- The FT diesel may have a CFPP of −5° C. to −18° C., typically −10° C. to −18° C.
- The FT diesel may have a CFPP of −18° C. with the following characteristics:
-
−18° C. CFPP FT diesel CFPP (° C.) −18 Cloud Point (° C.) −17.4 Pour Point (° C.) −21 Density @15° C. (kg/m3) 767.8 Distillation (D86) IBP (° C.) 166 5% (° C.) 189 10% (° C.) 196 20% (° C.) 206 30% (° C.) 218 40% (° C.) 233 50% (° C.) 247 60% (° C.) 262 70% (° C.) 277 80% (° C.) 293 90% (° C.) 312 95% (° C.) 326 FBP (° C.) 334 FBP −90% 22 90%-20% 106 - The FT diesel may have a T90-T20 of 120° C. to 105° C.
- The FT diesel may be defined as a winter diesel conforming to a CFPP of less than −10° C.
- The crude derived diesel may have a CFPP of −5° C. to −15°, typically −10° C. to −15° C.
- The crude derived diesel may have a T90-T20 of 60° C. to 130° C.
- The crude derived diesel may have FBP-T90 of 23° C. to 35° C.
- The crude-oil derived diesel can either be a narrow cut or a wide cut diesel
- The invention extends to the use of FT diesel as a blend component for a compression ignition fuel blend, said blend including the FT diesel, a crude derived diesel fuel and a CFPP improver additive, wherein the FT diesel is from 1 vol % to 50 vol % of the blend, which blend has a CFPP of below −20° C.
- Typically, the FT diesel is from 5 vol % to 40 vol % of the blend and the CFPP of the blend is below −20° C.
- The CFPP of a blend including around 20 vol % FT diesel is typically less than −20° C. at
- CFPP improver dosage rates less than 500ppm for narrow cut crude-oil derived diesel and less than −30° C. for wide cut crude-oil derived diesels at similar dosage rates.
- The CFPP improving additive is usually from 50 ppm to 1000 ppm of the blend.
- The invention will now be described, by way of non-limiting examples only.
- The results showed that the diesel fuel composition resulted in a better than expected cold flow property response of the additive on the composition and thus of the composition.
- In the experiment, FT diesel samples were evaluated to investigate the effect on cold flow improver performance when adding a winter grade FT diesel to wide and narrow EN590 diesels. Selected fuel properties of the base fuels are shown in Table 1 and Table 2. A FT diesel sample with a Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) of −18° C. and another with a CFPP of −7° C. were tested with various CFPP improvers (additives). These results are shown in Table 3 to Table 6.
- For this type of FT diesel, with a CFPP of −18° C. it has a paraffin content of 39.6 mass % and >C19 of 1.6 mass %, whereas one with a CFPP of −9° C. has a paraffin content of 41.4 mass % and >C19 of 3.4 mass %.
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TABLE 1 FT diesel Characteristics −18° C. CFPP −7° C. CFPP FT diesel FT diesel CFPP (° C.) −18 −7 Cloud Point (° C.) −17.4 −3.1 Pour Point (° C.) −21 −9 Density @15° C. (kg/m3) 767.8 774.5 Distillation (D86) IBP (° C.) 166 184 5% (° C.) 189 205 10% (° C.) 196 212 20% (° C.) 206 224 30% (° C.) 218 237 40% (° C.) 233 252 50% (° C.) 247 267 60% (° C.) 262 284 70% (° C.) 277 301 80% (° C.) 293 319 90% (° C.) 312 341 95% (° C.) 326 356 FBP (° C.) 334 364 FBP −90% 22 23 90%-20% 106 117 -
TABLE 2 Selected fuel properties of the crude-oil derived samples used in example 1 Fuel 1 Fuel 2 Fuel 3 Fuel 4 Fuel 5 German Dutch UK French Spanish Cloud Point −7.6 −7.1 −7.2 −9 −5.3 (° C.) Density @ 15° C. 829.3 830.9 839.7 832 839.9 (kg/m3) D86 (° C.) IBP 213.4 180.8 183.7 162.5 168.5 5% 209.6 197.9 205.2 186.8 192.8 10% 221.5 210.7 219.5 199.2 196.7 20% 231.7 224.7 238.3 215.8 210 30% 241.8 237.5 253.1 232.9 223.2 40% 252.9 250.5 265.4 248.2 239.1 50% 264.4 263.4 277.3 261.7 255.8 60% 275.3 276.2 287.5 274.2 272.7 70% 286.7 291.3 300.1 287.8 291.1 80% 299.5 307.9 312.6 303.9 312.1 90% 317.9 331.6 329.4 324.5 337.4 95% 335.9 349.0 342.7 344 356.5 FBP 352.6 362.5 351.7 354.9 367.1 90%-20% 86.2 106.9 91.1 108.7 127.4 FBP-90% 34.7 30.9 22.3 30.4 29.7 - Even though the effect of the winter FT diesel in a blend on the cold flow improver response is dependant on whether the base fuel is a narrow or wide cut crude derived diesel, several cold flow improvers, if not all of them, worked effectively in blends containing winter FT diesel with no significant deteriorating changes relative to the EN590 fuel containing no FT diesel.
- At low concentrations of FT diesel, about less than 20 vol % FT , no negative effects on the cold flow improver additive response were observed.
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TABLE 3 Winter (−18° C. CFPP) FT diesel blends with a EN590 DIESEL at various dosage rates of additive A, B and C FT - vol % 0 5 10 15 20 40 ppm CFPP (° C.) GERMAN A 0 −12 −13 −13 −13 −14 −16 200 −18 −18 −19 −19 −18 −20 300 −20 −20 −21 −22 −21 −22 400 −22 −23 −22 −22 −21 −22 500 −24 −25 −26 −24 −23 −27 DUTCH A 0 −10 −10 −9 −11 −12 −14 200 −24 −22 −21 −20 −22 −25 300 −22 −24 −23 −27 −30 −30 500 −24 −27 −26 −29 −27 −29 UK B 0 −8 −8 −9.5 −9.5 −10 −12 200 −19 −18 −20 −22 −20 −19 300 −20 −21 −23 −24 −26 −26 400 −23 −25 −23 −25 −23 −25 500 −26 −275 −25 −26 −27 −24 French B 0 −11 −11 −12 −12 −14 −16 100 −23 −22 −25 −27 −25 −21 200 −25 −28 −26 −26 −25 −25 300 −27 −25 −28 −29 −26 −26 400 −30 −27 −32 −27 −25 −28 500 −27 −31 −27 −30 −28 −26 Spanish C 0 −8 −7 −8 −9 −9 −12 100 −20 −21 −22 −22 −22 −25 200 −23 −27 −26 −27 −23 −27 300 −22 −29 −29 −29 −31 −28 400 −27 −31 −30 −30 −30 −29 500 −25 −31 −31 −32 −31 −32 -
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TABLE 4 Winter FT diesel blends with a narrow cut Scandinavian diesel at various dosage rates of CFPP improving additive −18° C. CFPP FT −7° CFPP FT FT - vol % CFPP 0 3 5 CFPP 0 3 5 additive CFPP (° C.) additive CFPP (° C.) 0 ppm −11 −11 −11 0 ppm −11 −11 −9 200 ppm −18 −19 −25 200 ppm −18 −19 −21 300 ppm −19 −24 −21 300 ppm −19 −19 −23 400 ppm −19 −23 −25 400 ppm −19 −25 −25 - FT diesel blends with Scandinavian diesel improved the CFPP response when compared to the base fuel at similar CFPP improver dosage rates.
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TABLE 5 Winter FT diesel blends with a wide cut German diesel including Fatty Acid Methyl ester, at various dosage rates of CFPP additive −18° C. CFPP FT −7° CFPP FT FT - vol % CFPP 0 5 10 0 5 10 additive CFPP (° C.) CFPP additive CFPP (° C.) 0 ppm −8 −8 −8 0 ppm −8 −7 −6 150 ppm −27 −27 −28 150 ppm −27 −26 −26 - A similar exercise was carried out with US 2-D diesel. It can be seen that although the −7° C. FT diesel resulted in a decrease in the CFPP of the US 2-D/FT blend, the US 2-D/FT blends remain highly treatable at 20 vol % FT content.
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TABLE 6 HCP FT diesel blends with US 2-D at a dosage rate of 500 ppm of additive A US 10 15 20 50 2D vol % FT vol % FT vol % FT vol % FT FT Neat blends CFPP −14 −13 −11 −12 −8 −7 (° C.) Cloud −12.3 −11.1 −11.5 −11.5 −8.3 −5.1 point (° C.) Blends Additised with 500 ppm CFPP improver additive CFPP −22 −21 −23 −22 −19 −17 (° C.) Cloud −10.8 −10.8 −10.8 −10.7 −8.2 — point (° C.)
Claims (20)
1-13. (canceled)
14. A blend comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel, a crude derived diesel, and a cold filter plugging point improving additive, wherein the Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel comprises from 1 vol. % to 50 vol. % of the blend, wherein the blend has a cold filter plugging point of below −18° C., and wherein the Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel has a >C19 wax content of less than 3.2 mass %.
15. The blend of claim 14 , wherein the Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel has a >C19 wax content of less than 1.6 mass %.
16. The blend of claim 14 , wherein the Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel comprises from 5 vol. % to 40 vol. % of the blend, and wherein the blend has a cold filter plugging point of below −20° C.
17. The blend of claim 16 , wherein the Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel comprises from 5 vol. % to 20 vol. % of the blend
18. The blend of claim 14 , wherein the cold filter plugging point improving additive comprises from 50 ppm to 1000 ppm of the blend.
19. The blend of claim 14 , wherein the Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel has a cold filter plugging point of from −5° C. to −18° C.
20. The blend of claim 14 , wherein the Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel has a cold filter plugging point of −18° C., a cloud point of −17.4° C., a pour point of −21° C., a density at 15° C. of 767.8 kg/m3, and boiling point characteristics comprising:
21. The blend of claim 14 , wherein the Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel has a T90-T20 of from 120° C. to 105° C.
22. The blend of claim 14 , wherein the Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel is a winter diesel conforming to a cold filter plugging point of less than −10° C.
23. The blend of claim 14 , wherein the crude derived diesel has a cold filter plugging point of from −5° C. to −15° C.
24. The blend of claim 14 , wherein the crude derived diesel has a T90-T20 of from 60° C. to 130° C.
25. The blend of claim 14 , wherein the crude derived diesel has an FBP-T90 of from 23° C. to 35° C.
26. The blend of claim 14 , wherein the cold filter plugging point improver additive comprises from 50 ppm to 1000 ppm of the blend.
27. A compression ignition fuel blend component, the blend component comprising from 1 vol. % to 50 vol. % Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel, a narrow cut crude oil derived diesel fuel and a cold filter plugging point improver additive, wherein the blend component has a cold filter plugging point of below −20° C. when the Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel comprises about 20 vol. % of the blend component and the cold filter plugging point improver additive comprises less than 500 ppm of the blend component.
28. The compression ignition fuel blend component of claim 27 , wherein the blend component comprises from 5 vol. % to 40 vol. % Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel
29. The compression ignition fuel blend component of claim 27 , wherein the cold filter plugging point improver additive comprises from 50 ppm to 1000 ppm of the blend component.
30. A compression ignition fuel blend component, the blend component comprising from 1 vol. % to 50 vol. % Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel, a wide cut crude oil derived diesel fuel and a cold filter plugging point improver additive, wherein the blend component has a cold filter plugging point of below −30° C. when the Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel comprises about 20 vol. % of the blend component and the cold filter plugging point improver additive comprises less than 500 ppm of the blend component.
31. The compression ignition fuel blend component of claim 30 , wherein the blend component comprises from 5 vol. % to 40 vol. % Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel
32. The compression ignition fuel blend component of claim 30 , wherein the cold filter plugging point improver additive comprises from 50 ppm to 1000 ppm of the blend component.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ZA2007/4509 | 2007-05-31 | ||
ZA200704509 | 2007-05-31 | ||
PCT/ZA2008/000042 WO2009015400A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-05-30 | Cold flow response of diesel fuels |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/ZA2008/000042 A-371-Of-International WO2009015400A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-05-30 | Cold flow response of diesel fuels |
Related Child Applications (1)
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US14/010,464 Continuation US8870984B2 (en) | 2007-05-31 | 2013-08-26 | Cold flow response of diesel fuels |
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US20100175314A1 true US20100175314A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
Family
ID=39808909
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US12/601,771 Abandoned US20100175314A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-05-30 | Cold flow response of diesel fuels |
US14/010,464 Active US8870984B2 (en) | 2007-05-31 | 2013-08-26 | Cold flow response of diesel fuels |
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US14/010,464 Active US8870984B2 (en) | 2007-05-31 | 2013-08-26 | Cold flow response of diesel fuels |
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US (2) | US20100175314A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5701598B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101802144B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2008278608B2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2462044B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009015400A1 (en) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050279669A1 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2005-12-22 | Schaberg Paul W | Crude oil derived and gas-to-liquids diesel fuel blends |
US20060137242A1 (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2006-06-29 | Clariant Gmbh | Additives for low-sulfur mineral oil distillates, comprising graft copolymers based on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers |
EP1690919A1 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2006-08-16 | Infineum International Limited | Fuel oil compositions |
US20060229222A1 (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2006-10-12 | Dries Muller | Compositions containing fatty acids and/or derivatives thereof and a low temperature stabilizer |
US20080155889A1 (en) * | 2006-12-04 | 2008-07-03 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Fischer-tropsch derived diesel fuel and process for making same |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0153177B1 (en) | 1984-02-21 | 1991-11-06 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Middle distillate compositions with improved low temperature properties |
AU765274B2 (en) * | 1998-10-05 | 2003-09-11 | Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd. | Process for producing middle distillates and middle distillates produced by that process |
JP4580152B2 (en) | 2003-06-12 | 2010-11-10 | 出光興産株式会社 | Fuel oil for diesel engines |
JP4615913B2 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2011-01-19 | 出光興産株式会社 | Fuel oil composition |
US9051527B2 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2015-06-09 | Infineum International Limited | Fuel oil compositions |
-
2008
- 2008-05-30 AU AU2008278608A patent/AU2008278608B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-05-30 US US12/601,771 patent/US20100175314A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-05-30 JP JP2010510569A patent/JP5701598B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-05-30 WO PCT/ZA2008/000042 patent/WO2009015400A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-05-30 GB GB0920639.2A patent/GB2462044B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-05-30 CN CN200880101148.7A patent/CN101802144B/en active Active
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2013
- 2013-08-26 US US14/010,464 patent/US8870984B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050279669A1 (en) * | 2003-10-24 | 2005-12-22 | Schaberg Paul W | Crude oil derived and gas-to-liquids diesel fuel blends |
US20060137242A1 (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2006-06-29 | Clariant Gmbh | Additives for low-sulfur mineral oil distillates, comprising graft copolymers based on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers |
EP1690919A1 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2006-08-16 | Infineum International Limited | Fuel oil compositions |
US20060229222A1 (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2006-10-12 | Dries Muller | Compositions containing fatty acids and/or derivatives thereof and a low temperature stabilizer |
US20080155889A1 (en) * | 2006-12-04 | 2008-07-03 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Fischer-tropsch derived diesel fuel and process for making same |
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US20140053459A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
US8870984B2 (en) | 2014-10-28 |
GB2462044A (en) | 2010-01-27 |
JP5701598B2 (en) | 2015-04-15 |
CN101802144A (en) | 2010-08-11 |
CN101802144B (en) | 2013-05-08 |
JP2010529235A (en) | 2010-08-26 |
AU2008278608A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
GB0920639D0 (en) | 2010-01-13 |
WO2009015400A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
GB2462044B (en) | 2011-12-14 |
AU2008278608B2 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
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