US20100022747A1 - Prophylactic agent for heart failure - Google Patents

Prophylactic agent for heart failure Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100022747A1
US20100022747A1 US12/567,322 US56732209A US2010022747A1 US 20100022747 A1 US20100022747 A1 US 20100022747A1 US 56732209 A US56732209 A US 56732209A US 2010022747 A1 US2010022747 A1 US 2010022747A1
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agent
wall thickening
heart wall
pro
pro pro
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Tatsuhiko Hirota
Kohji Ohki
Teppei Nakamura
Toshiaki Takano
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Asahi Soft Drinks Co Ltd
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Individual
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Assigned to CALPIS CO., LTD. reassignment CALPIS CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HIROTA, TATSUHIKO, NAKAMURA, TEPPEI, OHKI, KOHJI, TAKANO, TOSHIAKI
Publication of US20100022747A1 publication Critical patent/US20100022747A1/en
Priority to US13/293,993 priority Critical patent/US8673854B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/06—Tripeptides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
    • A23L33/18—Peptides; Protein hydrolysates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
    • A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/04—Inotropic agents, i.e. stimulants of cardiac contraction; Drugs for heart failure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an active ingredient having a suppressive action on cardiac wall thickening, a prophylactic agent for cardiac hypertrophy and a prophylactic agent for heart failure containing the active ingredient, as well as functional foods containing the active ingredient, the functional foods being expected to have a prophylactic effect against cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
  • the present invention relates to a method for suppressing cardiac wall thickening. Further, the present invention relates to a method for preventing cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
  • heart diseases such as smoking, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia
  • these pathologic states are not limited to human and the increasing trend in morbidity of such diseases are seen among animals that closely interact with human, such as dogs, cats, other companion animals and pet animals.
  • systolic heart failure occurs when the heart fails to contract normally.
  • the heart can take in blood but cannot fully pump out adequate blood due to weakened cardiac muscles.
  • diastolic heart failure occurs when the heart wall becomes too stiff to fill up the heart with blood.
  • heart failure generally refers to a condition that heart's pump functions become impaired and hence the heart become incapable of pumping a sufficient amount of blood. Heart failure could cause other changes which further deteriorate functions of the heart, including a decrease in blood volume and congestion of blood in the veins and lungs.
  • Examples of primary diseases that may cause heart failure include increased pressure overload by hypertension, aortostenosis and the like, cardiac hypertrophy with heart wall thickening by volume overload and the like by valvular disease. Meanwhile, after the onset of myocardial infarction, heart wall thickening may be developed in injury tissues as a spontaneous reaction for functional recovery. Also, agnogenic myocardiopathy of unexplained origins, such as myocardosis, may also cause heart wall hypertrophy. Continuous mechanical load to the heart triggers a gradual decrease in the contractile power of the cardiac muscles, followed by reduction in cardiac performance, and eventually progresses to ventricular arrhythmia, heart ischemia, coronary artery disease, and congestive heart failure.
  • a compound having the suppressive action against heart wall thickening is useful for prophylaxis and treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
  • Effective drugs for treating heart failure include angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), such as Enalapril, which inhibits an enzyme converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II having a hypertensive action (i.e. angiotensin converting enzyme; ACE), and has a hypotensive action.
  • ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
  • the antihypertensive drug reportedly improves the progression of renal damage at the same time as lowering blood pressure ( J. Clin. Invest., 77, 1993-2000, 1986).
  • the ACE inhibitors are not effective for all cases.
  • the present invention provides a compound or composition having a suppressive action against heart wall thickening independently of the ACE inhibitory activity.
  • the present invention provides a prophylactic agent for heart failure containing the above described compound or composition.
  • the present invention provides functional foods expected to have a prophylactic effect for heart failure containing the above described compound or composition.
  • the present invention provides a method for suppressing heart wall thickening, which method includes administration of the above described compound or composition to a subject.
  • the present invention provides a method for preventing heart failure, which method includes administration of the above described compound or composition to a subject.
  • the present invention is also a use of the above described compound or composition in production of a pharmaceutical for suppressing heart wall thickening.
  • the present invention is a use of the above described compound or composition in production of a pharmaceutical for preventing cardiac hypertrophy.
  • the present invention is a use of the above described compound or composition in producing a pharmaceutical for preventing heart failure.
  • a tripeptide having a specific structure Xaa Pro Pro (wherein Xaa is any naturally occurring amino acid) has a suppressive action against heart wall thickening, and have reached to invent a pharmaceutical and functional foods useful for prophylaxis of heart failure.
  • the present invention provides an agent for suppressing heart wall thickening containing Xaa Pro Pro as an active ingredient.
  • the present invention also provides a prophylactic agent for cardiac hypertrophy having the above described suppressive action against heart wall thickening.
  • the present invention provides a prophylactic agent for heart failure having the above described suppressive action against heart wall thickening.
  • the present invention provides functional foods containing a prophylactic agent for heart wall thickening.
  • the present invention provides a method for suppressing heart wall thickening, which method includes administration of Xaa Pro Pro or a composition containing Xaa Pro Pro to a subject.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preventing cardiac hypertrophy, which method includes administration of Xaa Pro Pro or a composition containing Xaa Pro Pro to a subject.
  • the present invention provides a method for preventing heart failure, which method includes administration of Xaa Pro Pro or a composition containing Xaa Pro Pro to a subject.
  • the present invention is also a use of Xaa Pro Pro or a composition containing Xaa Pro Pro in producing a pharmaceutical for suppressing heart wall thickening.
  • the present invention is also a use of Xaa Pro Pro or a composition containing Xaa Pro Pro in producing a pharmaceutical for preventing cardiac hypertrophy.
  • the present invention is also a use of Xaa Pro Pro or a composition containing Xaa Pro Pro in producing a pharmaceutical for preventing heart failure.
  • Xaa Pro Pro is Val Pro Pro and/or Ile Pro Pro.
  • the active ingredient Xaa Pro Pro is derived from an animal milk casein hydrolysate or a concentrate thereof.
  • the active ingredient Xaa Pro Pro is originated from a fermented product obtained by fermenting a raw material containing a milk protein with a bacterium belonging to the species Lactobacillus helveticus.
  • the bacterium belonging to the species Lactobacillus helveticus is Lactobacillus helveticus CM4 strain (FERM BP-6060).
  • FIG. 1 shows the results of Test 1 examining the effect of Val Pro Pro (VPP) to suppress rat left ventricle wall thickening.
  • the test was conducted using the group of rats administered with L-NAME (11 rats per group), the group of rats administered with L-NAME and Enalapril (9 rats per group), and the group of rats administered with L-NAME and VPP (12 rats per group).
  • the graph represents mean ⁇ standard error. Comparisons were demonstrated by the one-sided t-test. The symbol (*) indicates statistical significance (p ⁇ 0.05).
  • FIG. 2 shows the results of Test 2 examining the effect of Val Pro Pro (VPP) to suppress rat right ventricle wall thickening.
  • the test was conducted using the group of rats administered with L-NAME (11 rats per group), the group of rats administrated with L-NAME and Enalapril (9 rats per group), and the group of rats administered with L-NAME and VPP (12 rats per group).
  • the graph represents mean ⁇ standard error. Comparisons were demonstrated by the one-sided t-test. The symbol (*) indicates statistical significance (p ⁇ 0.05).
  • FIG. 3 shows the results of Test 3 examining the effect of Ile Pro Pro (IPP) to suppress rat left ventricle wall thickening.
  • the test was conducted using the group of rats administered with L-NAME (9 rats per group), the group of rats administered with L-NAME and Enalapril (9 rats per group), and the group of rats administered with L-NAME and IPP (11 rats per group).
  • the graph represents mean ⁇ standard error. Comparisons were demonstrated by the one-sided t-test.
  • the symbol (#) indicates statistical significance (p ⁇ 0.1).
  • FIG. 4 shows the results of Test 5 examining the effect of Ile Pro Pro (IPP) to suppress rat heart septal wall thickening.
  • the test was conducted using the group of rats administrated with L-NAME (9 rats per group), the group of rats administered with L-NAME and Enalapril (9 rats per group), and the group of rats administered with L-NAME and IPP (11 rats per group).
  • the graph represents mean ⁇ standard error. Comparisons were demonstrated by the one-sided t-test. The symbol (*) indicates significant difference (p ⁇ 0.05).
  • the agent for suppressing heart wall thickening comprises a tripeptide with a specific structure of Xaa Pro Pro as an active ingredient.
  • agent herein is not restricted to a pharmaceutical but refers to a composition such as a pharmaceutical composition or food composition, or a compound such as a food additive.
  • agent for suppressing heart wall thickening used in the present invention refers to a compound or composition having an action to suppress progress of lesions of heart wall thickening, an action to improve lesions of heart wall thickening, or a prophylactic effect for the onset of heart wall thickening.
  • the Xaa in the active ingredient Xaa Pro Pro may be any naturally occurring amino acid. Concrete examples include Val Pro Pro (valine proline proline), Ile Pro Pro (isoleucine proline proline), Ser Pro Pro (serine proline proline), and Leu Pro Pro (leucine proline proline). Preferred are Val Pro Pro and Ile Pro Pro with Val Pro Pro being more preferred.
  • the agent may contain a combination of two or more of the tripeptides Xaa Pro Pro, as exemplified by a combination of Val Pro Pro and Ile Pro Pro.
  • the active ingredient Xaa Pro Pro may be an chemically synthesized tripeptide or naturally occurring tripeptide.
  • tripeptide Xaa Pro Pro As an chemical synthetic method of tripeptide Xaa Pro Pro, a common method such as solid phase method (Boc method and Fmoc method) and liquid phase method can be employed.
  • the peptide may be synthesized using an automatic peptide synthesizer such as a peptide synthesizer (PSSM-8type) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
  • PSSM-8type peptide synthesizer
  • reaction conditions for the peptide synthesis and the like those skilled in the art can arbitrarily set appropriate reaction conditions and the like, based on their technological common knowledge depending on the synthesis method to be selected and desired tripeptide Xaa Pro Pro.
  • the tripeptide may be originated from an animal milk casein hydrolysate or a concentrate thereof, as well as may be originated from a fermented product obtained by fermenting a food material containing a protein with fungi or bacteria such as Aspergillus and Lactobacillus.
  • the animal milk casein hydrolysate or the concentrate thereof, or the fermented product obtained by fermenting the raw material containing the milk protein with the bacterium belonging to the species Lactobacillus helveticus besides the tripeptide Xaa Pro Pro which is the active ingredient according to the present invention, free amino acids may be contained.
  • free amino acids for example, lipids, ash, carbohydrates, dietary fibers, water and the like, all of which are normally contained in commercially available animal milk caseins or milk proteins may be contained. Additionally, as required, a part or all of the appropriate components among these may be taken out.
  • the active ingredient Xaa Pro Pro may be originated from an animal milk casein hydrolysate or a concentrate thereof obtained by a method of hydrolyzing an animal milk casein with a group of enzymes yielding Xaa Pro Pro, in particular Val Pro Pro and Ile Pro Pro and/or a method of fermenting animal milk with Aspergillus.
  • animal milk casein examples include cow milk, horse milk, goat milk, and ewe milk.
  • cow milk casein being preferably used.
  • a concentration of casein when the animal milk casein is hydrolyzed or fermented is not restricted but is preferably 1 to 19% by weight in order to efficiently produce the animal milk casein degraded product.
  • enzyme group is preferably an enzyme group (X) including a peptidase capable of cleaving between Pro and Xaa residues at the carboxyl terminus of the Xaa Pro Pro Xaa sequence.
  • the enzyme group (X) is preferably a serine type proteinase having serine in the active center or a metal proteinase having a metal in the active center.
  • the metal proteinase include neutral protease I, neutral protease II and leucyl aminopeptidase. It is preferred that at least one type of these metal proteinases be additionally included in that the desired hydrolysates can be efficiently obtained in a short time, and even in a one-step reaction.
  • the peptidase capable of cleaving the above described Pro Xaa sequence is preferably an enzyme showing the isoelectric point in the acidic region.
  • An example of the above described enzyme group or enzyme group (X) is an enzyme group originated from Aspergillus such as Aspergillus oryzae .
  • Such an enzyme group includes an enzyme group which fungi cells were cultured in an appropriate culture medium and an enzyme produced was extracted with water.
  • an enzyme group showing the isoelectric point in the acidic region is in particular preferred.
  • As the enzyme group originated from Aspergillus oryzae commercially available products can be used. Examples thereof are Sumizyme FP, LP or MP(all registered trademark, manufactured by SHINNIHON CHEMICALS Corporation), Umamizyme (registered trademark, manufactured by Amano Enzyme Inc.), Sternzyme B11024, PROHIDROXY AMPL(all trade names, manufactured by Higuchi Shoukai Co., Ltd.), Orientase ONS (registered trademark, manufactured by Hankyu Bioindustry CO., LTD), Denatyme AP (registered trademark, manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation) with Sumizyme FP(registered trademark, SHINNIHON CHEMICALS Corporation) being preferably used.
  • An amount of the enzyme group to be added when the above described animal milk casein is hydrolyzed is, for instance, such that the weight ratio of enzyme group/animal milk casein in a aqueous solution in which the animal milk casein is dissolved is not less than 1/1000, preferably 1/1000 to 1/10, especially preferably 1/100 to 1/10, further preferably 1/40 to 1/10.
  • the reaction conditions can be appropriately selected depending on an enzyme group to be used such that an intended casein hydrolysate is obtained.
  • a temperature is usually 25 to 60° C., preferably 45 to 55° C.
  • pH is 3 to 10, preferably 5 to 9, particularly preferably 5 to 8.
  • the enzyme reaction time is usually 2 to 48 hours, preferably 7 to 15 hours.
  • Termination of the enzyme reaction can be achieved by inactivating the enzyme. Usually the enzyme is inactivated at 60 to 110° C. to stop the reaction.
  • a peptide having bitterness and/or smell can be removed from the obtained hydrolysate.
  • the removal of such a bitterness component and/or smell component can be done using activated charcoals, hydrophobic resins or the like.
  • the removal can be carried out by adding the activated charcoals to the obtained hydrolysate in 1 to 20% by weight based on an amount of casein used and by allowing to react the resulting mixture for 1 to 10 hours. Removal of the activated charcoals can be carried out by a known method such as centrifugation and membrane treatment process.
  • reaction mixture containing the animal milk casein hydrolysate or the concentrate thereof can be added as is to a liquid product such as beverage to be use in the functional foods.
  • the above described reaction mixture can be, after concentrated, dried to yield a powdered form.
  • the content ratio of Xaa Pro Pro contained in the animal milk casein hydrolysate or the concentrate thereof is usually not less than 1% by weight, preferably 1 to 5% by weight based on a total amount of peptides and free amino acids in the animal milk casein hydrolysate or the concentrate thereof. By having the content ratio of not less than 1% by weight, higher actions are expected.
  • the active ingredient Xaa Pro Pro may be also originated from a fermented product obtained by fermenting a raw material containing a milk protein with a bacterium belonging to the species Lactobacillus helveticus .
  • bacterium belonging to the species Lactobacillus helveticus is preferably used individually in the fermentation, other Lactobacillus or the like may be included/contained to the extent that the desired effects according to the present invention is not adversely affected.
  • bacterium belonging to the species Lactobacillus helveticus a proteinase-producing bacterium capable of highly producing Ile Pro Pro and/or Val Pro Pro is preferred.
  • a bacterium strain showing a U/OD590 value measured in accordance with a method by Yamamoto et al. (Yamamoto, N. et al. J. Biochem .) (1993) 114, 740), which is based on a method by Twining et al. (Twining, S. Anal. Biochem .) 143 3410 (1984)), of not less than 400 is preferred.
  • CM4 strain Lactobacillus helveticus CM4 strain (Ministry of International Trade and Industry, National Institute of Bioscience and Human-Technology, 1-1-3 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, Zip code 305, (currently, International Patent Organism Depositary, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, Zip code 305-8566), Accession No.: FERM BP-6060, Date of deposit: Aug. 15, 1997) (hereinafter referred to as CM4 strain). CM4 strain has been registered under the above described accession number under the Budapest Treaty concerning an international approval of microorganism depository on patent procedures, and already patented.
  • the fermented product obtained by fermenting a raw material containing milk protein with the bacterium belonging to the species Lactobacillus helveticus can be obtained by adding a fermented milk starter containing the bacterium strain belonging to the species Lactobacillus helveticus to a raw material containing the milk protein and by fermenting the mixture on appropriately selected conditions such as fermentation temperature.
  • a concentrate of the thus obtained fermented product or the like may be powdered with freeze drying, spray drying, or the like and may be used as a powder.
  • the bacterium belonging to the species Lactobacillus helveticus is preferably used as a starter with sufficiently high activities, which is preliminarily pre-cultured.
  • the number of the bacteria at the beginning is preferably about 10 5 to 10 9 cells/ml.
  • the fermented product obtained by fermenting a raw material containing a milk protein with the bacterium belonging to the species Lactobacillus helveticus can be also fermented with yeast in conjunction with the above described bacterium strain belonging to the species Lactobacillus helveticus in order to have better flavor and better palatability.
  • An example of the strain of yeast is preferably the genus Saccharomyces such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae but not restricted thereto. The content ratio of the yeast can be appropriately selected depending on a purpose.
  • Examples of the raw material containing the milk protein include animal milk such as cow milk, horse milk, ewe milk, goat milk, vegetable milk such as soybean milk, and processed milk of these milk including skimmed milk, reconstituted milk, powdered milk, and condensed milk.
  • Cow milk, soybean milk and processed milk of these milk is preferred and cow milk or processed milk thereof is in particular preferred.
  • the solid content concentration of the milk is not particularly restricted, when the skimmed milk is for instance used, the solid content concentration of non-fat milk is usually about 3 to 15% by weight and preferably 6 to 15% by weight for better productivity.
  • the above described fermentation is usually carried out by standing or stirring fermentation, for example, by a method of fermenting at a temperature of 25 to 45° C., preferably 30 to 45° C., with a fermentation time of 3 to 72 hours, preferably 12 to 36 hours, wherein the fermentation is terminated when lactic acid acidity reaches 1.5% or more.
  • the content ratio of Xaa Pro Pro, preferably Ile Pro Pro and/or Val Pro Pro in the fermented product obtained by fermenting the raw material containing the milk protein with the bacterium belonging to the species Lactobacillus helveticus is preferably 10 mg or more, preferably 15 mg or more, in terms of 100 g of a freeze dried product of the fermented product.
  • a dose or intake per day of the agent for suppressing heart wall thickening in the case of human, usually a dose of about 10 ⁇ g to 10 g. preferably 1 mg to 5 g, further preferably 3 mg to 1 g of the active ingredient Xaa Pro Pro, preferably Val Pro Pro and/or Ile Pro Pro may be administrated or taken dividedly in several times in a day.
  • a period of administration or intake of the agent for suppressing heart wall thickening can be adjusted in many ways in view of age of humans or animals to be administrated or to ingest and/or environments for a risk factor for heart wall thickening of the humans or animals.
  • the period can be for example usually one day or more, preferably 7 days to 365 days.
  • the prophylactic agent for heart failure comprises the above described tripeptide as an active ingredient.
  • a dose or intake per day of the prophylactic agent for heart failure in the case of human, usually a dose of about 10 ⁇ g to 10 g. preferably 1 mg to 5 g, further preferably 3 mg to 1 g of the active ingredient Xaa Pro Pro, preferably Val Pro Pro and/or Ile Pro Pro may be administrated or taken dividedly in several times in a day.
  • a period of administration or intake of the prophylactic agent for heart failure can be adjusted in many ways in view of age of human or animals to be administrated or ingest and/or environments for a risk factor against heart failure of the human or animals.
  • the period can be for example usually 1 day or more, preferably 7 days to 365 days.
  • the prophylactic agent for cardiac hypertrophy according to the present invention contains the above described tripeptide as an active ingredient.
  • a dose or intake and period of administration or intake of the prophylactic agent for cardiac hypertrophy according to the present invention are same as those of the prophylactic agent for heart failure according to the present invention.
  • a method of administration or intake of the agent for suppressing heart wall thickening, prophylactic agent for cardiac hypertrophy and prophylactic agent for heart failure according to the present invention is preferably oral administration.
  • a form of the agent for suppressing heart wall thickening, prophylactic agent for cardiac hypertrophy, prophylactic agent for heart failure according to the present invention, when used as a pharmaceutical, is a form of formulation for oral administration.
  • examples thereof include tablet, pill, hard capsules, soft capsules, microcapsule, powder, pellet, and solution.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for example, pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, vehicle, excipient, antiseptics, stabilizing agent, binder, pH adjusting agent, buffer agent, thickener, gelatinizer, preservatives, anti-oxidant or the like can be, as required, used.
  • the pharmaceutical can be produced in a unit dose form required pharmaceutical formulation administration generally accepted.
  • the foods according to the present invention comprises the agent for suppressing heart wall thickening according to the present invention as an active ingredient, and can be, for example, functional foods, such as Foods for Specified Health Uses, which has efficacies such the action for suppressing heart wall thickening, prophylaxis for cardiac hypertrophy, and prophylaxis for heart failure.
  • functional foods such as Foods for Specified Health Uses, which has efficacies such the action for suppressing heart wall thickening, prophylaxis for cardiac hypertrophy, and prophylaxis for heart failure.
  • An intake to attain such efficacies for example, in the light of the fact that the functional foods are daily, continuously, or intermittently taken for a long period of time, in the case of human, is usually about 10 ⁇ g to 10 g per day, in terms of an amount of the active ingredient Xaa Pro Pro or an amount of Val Pro Pro and/or Ile Pro Pro, preferably 1 mg to 5 g, more preferably 3 mg to 1 g.
  • an intake of the foods such as the functional foods per once can be reduced further to a lower amount than the amount described above.
  • the hydrolysate or the concentrate containing the active ingredient Xaa Pro Pro is preferably taken usually in 1 mg to 100 g per day, particularly in about 100 mg to 10 g.
  • freeze dried product of the fermented product containing the active ingredient Xaa Pro Pro is used as is, in the case of human, usually 1 to 100 g per day in terms of a dried amount of the freeze dried product of the fermented product, in particular, about 2 to 50 g is preferably taken.
  • a period of the intake of the foods according to the present invention is not particularly restricted.
  • the intake for a long period of time is preferred.
  • the period can be usually not less than one day, preferably 7 days to 365 days.
  • the foods according to the present invention comprise the agent for suppressing heart wall thickening containing the active ingredient Xaa Pro Pro, preferably Val Pro Pro and/or Ile Pro Pro.
  • the animal milk casein hydrolysate or the concentrate thereof and the fermented product can be added to a variety of foods as they are or in the form of powder or granule.
  • a fermented product by Lactobacillus other than Lactobacillus helveticus other ingredients used in foods including sugars, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, or flavors, or additives such as various carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals, sweeteners, flavors, coloring agents, texture improving agents or a mixture thereof may be added to improve nutritional balance, flavor, and/or the like.
  • the foods according to the present invention can be any form of solids, gels, or liquids.
  • fermented dairy products such as lactobacillus beverages, a variety of processed foods and beverages, dried powders, tablets, capsules, and granule.
  • additional examples can be various beverage, yogurts, fluid diets, jellys, candies, retort-packed foods, tablet candies, cookies, Castella (or Japanese sponge cake), breads, biscuits, and chocolates.
  • the active ingredient according to the present invention Ile Pro Pro and Val Pro Pro were synthesized by the following chemical synthesizing method (Fmoc method).
  • the synthesis was carried out by solid phase method using an automatic peptide synthesizer (PSSM-8type) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
  • PSSM-8type automatic peptide synthesizer
  • a resin (SynProPep Resin®, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) which is a 2-chlorotrityl(2-Chlorotrityl)type polystyrene resin in which proline protected its amino group with a fluorenylmethyloxy carbonyl group (hereinafter referred to as Fmoc for short) is bound, was used.
  • Fmoc-Ile, Fmoc-Pro, and Fmoc-Val 100 ⁇ mol each
  • Fmoc-Val 100 ⁇ mol each
  • This peptide-bound resin was then suspended in 1 ml of a reaction mixture A (10 volume % acetic acid, 10 volume % trifluoroethanol, 80 volume % dichloromethane), allowed to react at room temperature for 30 to 60 minutes. Thereafter the peptides were separated from the resin and the reaction mixture A was filtered with a glass filter.
  • a reaction mixture A (10 volume % acetic acid, 10 volume % trifluoroethanol, 80 volume % dichloromethane
  • reaction mixture B 82.5 volume % trifluoroacetic acid, 3 volume % ethyl methyl sulfide, 5 volume % purified water, 5 volume % thioanisole, 2.5 volume % ethanedithiol, 2 volume % thiophenol
  • reaction mixture B 82.5 volume % trifluoroacetic acid, 3 volume % ethyl methyl sulfide, 5 volume % purified water, 5 volume % thioanisole, 2.5 volume % ethanedithiol, 2 volume % thiophenol
  • 10 ml of anhydrous ether was added to precipitate the peptide, and centrifuged at 3000 revolutions for five minutes to separate. The precipitate was washed with anhydrous ether was several times and then dried by spraying nitrogen gas.
  • the entire volume of the thus obtained unpurified synthetic peptide was dissolved in 2 ml of 0.1N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and then HPLC using a
  • Type L6200 intelligent pump Hitachi, Ltd
  • detector Type L4000UV detector (Hitachi, Ltd) for detection of ultra-violet absorption at 215 nm
  • column Micro Bondashere5 ⁇ C18 (Waters Corp.); eluting solutions: solution A; 0.1% by weight TFA aqueous solution, solution B; acetonitrile with 0.1% by weight TFA aqueous solution; (B/A+B) ⁇ 100(%): 0 ⁇ 40% (60 minutes); and flow rate: 1 ml/minute.
  • the eluted fraction showing the maximum absorbance was collected and then freeze-dried to obtain the intended synthetic peptide Ile Pro Pro and Val Pro Pro (5.7 mg and 6.5 mg, respectively).
  • the purified peptide was analyzed using an automatic protein primary structure analyzer (Type PPSQ-10, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) from the N-terminal of the peptide.
  • the purified peptide was further analyzed an amino acid analyzer (Type 800 series, manufactured by JASCO corporation) to confirm that the peptide was the one as designed.
  • a commercially available enzyme (registered trademark “Sumizyme FP”, manufactured by SHINNIHON CHEMICALS Corporation) was added, which was derived from Aspergillus oryzae and contains at least metal protease, serine protease, neutral protease I, neutral protease II and leucyl aminopeptidase such that the enzyme/casein weight ratio of 1/25 was attained.
  • the mixture was allowed to react at 50° C. for 14 hours. Subsequently, the enzymes were inactivated by autoclave at 110° C. for ten minutes, thereby obtaining a casein enzymolytic product solution. Then, the obtained enzymolytic product solution was dried by spray drying to prepare a powder.
  • Proteins contained in the obtained powder were analyzed. Proteins were determined by Kjeldahi method and amino acids were measured by an amino acid analyzer. In addition, a difference after subtracting an amount of the amino acids from an amount of the proteins was defined as an amount of peptides. Further, lipids, ash content and water were determined by acid decomposition method, direct ashing method, and drying method by heating under atmospheric pressure, respectively. The remainder after subtracting the amount of each component from 100% was defined as an amount of carbohydrates. The results showed that the powder contained 35.8% by weight amino acids, 45.7% by weight peptides, 6.6% by weight water contents, 0.2% by weight lipids, 4.1% by weight ash contents and 7.6% by weight carbohydrates.
  • the powder prepared above was dissolved in an appropriate amount of distilled water and analyzed with an automatic peptide analyzer (trade name PPSQ-10 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) to check in what order amino acid is located from the N-terminal in the powder.
  • the automatic peptide analyzer does not detect any free amino acids.
  • the total amount of the amino acid located at the 5th residue position was 120 pmol and the total amount of the amino acid located at the 6th residue position was 100 pmol. Based on these results, most peptides in the above described powder were found to be dipeptides or tripeptides. Additionally, a proportion of the peptides having Pro as the amino acid at the 2nd residue position markedly increased to 49.5%. A proportion of the peptides having Pro as the amino acid at the 3rd residue position was as high as 29.8%.
  • the amount of peptides and free amino acids in a solution in which the above described powder was dissolved and diluted in distilled water was 8.15 mg/ml, and an amount of the peptides was 4.57 mg/ml, an amount of Xaa Pro in the peptides was 514.5 ⁇ g.
  • the proportion of Xaa Pro based on a total amount of the peptides and free amino acids in the powder was therefore 6.3% by weight.
  • an amount of Xaa Pro Pro in the peptide was 116.5 ⁇ g and it was thus confirmed a proportion of Xaa Pro Pro based on a total amount of the peptides and free amino acids in the powder was 1.4% by weight.
  • CM4 strain starter fermentation solution (the number of the bacteria: 5 ⁇ 10 8 /ml) at 3% (v/w) and left to stand at 37° C. for 24 hours to yield CM4 fermented milk.
  • the obtained CM4 fermented milk was sterilized at a reaching temperature of 80° C. and then freeze-dried to yield the powder.
  • the obtained freeze dried powder was mixed with commercially available powdered feeds (trade name “CE-2”, manufactured by CLEA Japan, Inc.) at the mass ratio of 10:90.
  • the mixture was formed into solid feeds to obtain CM4 fermented milk feeds.
  • the feeds contained 34.1 mg/kg of Val Pro Pro and 17.1 mg/kg of Ile Pro Pro, both of which peptides were originated from the CM4 fermented milk.
  • VPP The tripeptide Val Pro Pro (VPP) was tested for the effect of suppressing the thickening of the left ventricle. The test was carried out using three groups of male Wistar rats of seven weeks old (Japan SLC, Inc.), each of which group consisted of 9 to 12 rats.
  • the rats were sacrificed by exsanguination under diethylether anesthesia.
  • the heart was enucleated and then fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin solution.
  • Annularly-shaped tissue samples were prepared from the fixed heart by horizontally excising the lower part of the atria such that the right ventricle, septum, left ventricle, and coronary artery were included.
  • the specimen were embedded in paraffin and cut into thin sections with a thickness of 3.0 to 3.5 ⁇ m using a microtome. Two to five sections per rat were prepared. The sliced thin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and the thickness of the left ventricle wall was measured.
  • the thickness of a plural of the points per one section, each of which point was considered to have an average thickness was actually measured with an ocular micrometer under a microscope.
  • the average thickness was defined as the measured value of the section and subjected to statistical analysis. The measurement and evaluation of the thickness was carried out by a pathologist who was not informed of the name of each sample.
  • VPP tripeptide Val Pro Pro
  • the tripeptide Ile Pro Pro was also tested for the suppressive effect against the thickening of the ventricle wall. The test was carried out using three groups of male Wistar rats of seven weeks old (Japan SLC, Inc.), each of which group consist of 9 to 11 rats.
  • the animals received: water with L-NAME (manufactured by Sigma) being dissolved at a concentration of 1 g/L; water with L-NAME and IPP being dissolved at a concentration of 1 g/L and 0.3 g/L respectively; or water with L-NAME and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, Enalapril at a concentration of 1 g/L and 0.5 mg/L respectively, ad libitum for eight weeks.
  • the dose of Enalapril was determined such that its activity to inhibit ACE was equivalent to the activity of IPP to inhibit ACE.
  • the rats were sacrificed by exsanguination under diethylether anesthesia.
  • the heart was enucleated and then fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin solution.
  • Annularly-shaped tissue samples were prepared from the fixed heart by horizontally excising the lower part of the atria such that the right ventricle, septum, left ventricle, and coronary artery were included.
  • the specimen were embedded in paraffin and cut into thin sections with a thickness of 3.0 to 3.5 ⁇ m using a microtome. Two to five sections per rat were prepared. The sliced thin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and the thickness of the left ventricle wall was measured.
  • the thickness of a plural of the points for one section, each of which point was considered to have an average thickness was actually measured with an ocular micrometer under a microscope.
  • the average thickness was defined as the measured value of the section and subjected to statistical analysis. The measurement and evaluation of the thickness was carried out by a pathologist who was not informed of the name of each sample.
  • the test was carried out using three groups of male Wistar rats of seven weeks old (Japan SLC, Inc.), each of which group consist of 9 to 12 rats. After acclimation for a week, the animal received: water with L-NAME (manufactured by Sigma) being dissolved at a concentration of 1 g/L; water with L-NAME and IPP being dissolved at a concentration of 1 g/L and 0.3 g/L respectively; or water with L-NAME and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, Enalapril at a concentration of 1 g/L and 0.5 mg/L respectively, ad libitum for eight weeks. The dose of Enalapril was determined such that its activity to inhibit ACE was equivalent to the activity of IPP to inhibit ACE.
  • L-NAME manufactured by Sigma
  • IPP angiotensin converting enzyme
  • the rats were sacrificed by exsanguination under diethylether anesthesia.
  • the heart was enucleated and then fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin solution.
  • Annularly-shaped tissue samples were prepared from the fixed heart by horizontally excising the lower part of the atria such that the right ventricle, septum, left ventricle, and coronary artery were included.
  • the specimen were embedded in paraffin and cut into thin sections with a thickness of 3.0 to 3.5 ⁇ m using a microtome. Two to five sections per rat were prepared. Slices of the thin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and the thickness of the right ventricle wall was measured.
  • the thickness of a plural of the points for one section, each of which point was considered to have an average thickness was actually measured with an ocular micrometer under a microscope.
  • the average thickness was defined as the measured value of the section and the thickness of the ventricle wall of each individual was determined. The measurement and evaluation of the thickness was carried out by a pathologist who was not informed of the name of each sample.
  • the evaluation of the thickening of the ventricle wall involved the measurement of the thickness of the ventricle wall of six rats of the same age in weeks, which rats were fed with general tap water with no L-NAME being added. The average of those was defined as a reference value. In cases where the thickness of its ventricle wall was larger than the reference value, a rat was defined as one with the thickening, whereas in cases where the thickness of its ventricle wall was equal to or smaller than the reference value, a rat was considered to be normal. Using the number of the rats with the thickening and the normal rats, comparisons by likelihood-ratio test were made. The results were shown in Table 2 below.
  • the agent for suppressing heart wall thickening according to the present invention shows effectiveness, even when angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors do not exhibit the suppressive action, the agent is of great use as a pharmaceutical for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, in particular as a prophylactic agent, which agent is not dependent on the ACE inhibitory activity.
  • the active ingredient is a naturally occurring tripeptide originated from foods and the like, it is expected that the pharmaceutical with high efficacy and with little concern for side effects is provided.
  • the agent for suppressing heart wall thickening according to the present invention in foods or beverages, the functional foods expected to have the prophylactic effect for cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure are provided.

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US20090234097A1 (en) * 2006-02-14 2009-09-17 Calpis Co., Ltd. Vasodilator
US20090299036A1 (en) * 2006-02-14 2009-12-03 Calpis Co, Ltd Agent for preventing arteriosclerosis, agent for suppressing vascular intimal thickening and agent for improving vascular endothelial function
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WO2004098309A1 (en) 2003-05-05 2004-11-18 Unilever N.V. Hydrolysed casein product comprising tripeptides ipp and/ or vpp
DE602004017202D1 (de) * 2003-08-01 2008-11-27 Calpis Co Ltd Caseinhydrolysat, verfahren zur dessen herstellung sowie dessen verwendung
EA011865B1 (ru) * 2004-07-12 2009-06-30 ДСМ Ай Пи ЭССЕТС Б.В. Протеиновые гидролизаты, снижающие давление крови
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JP5096173B2 (ja) * 2006-02-09 2012-12-12 カルピス株式会社 経口摂取用関節リウマチ抑制剤

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US20090234097A1 (en) * 2006-02-14 2009-09-17 Calpis Co., Ltd. Vasodilator
US20090299036A1 (en) * 2006-02-14 2009-12-03 Calpis Co, Ltd Agent for preventing arteriosclerosis, agent for suppressing vascular intimal thickening and agent for improving vascular endothelial function
US20100022748A1 (en) * 2007-03-27 2010-01-28 Tatsuhiko Hirota Prophylactic agent for renal failure

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