Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
  • C10M169/048—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
  • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
  • C10M105/32—Esters
  • C10M105/42—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M111/02—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
  • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M129/68—Esters
  • C10M129/78—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids, hydroxy carboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
  • C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
  • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
  • C10M2207/301—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
  • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
  • C10M2209/086—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type polycarboxylic, e.g. maleic acid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/071—Branched chain compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/68—Shear stability
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/135—Steam engines or turbines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
  • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
  • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
  • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
  • C10N2040/26—Two-strokes or two-cycle engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants

Definitions

• the invention is in the field of lubricants. It relates to lubricant compositions comprising complex esters of elevated viscosity, and to the use of these lubricant compositions as, for example, transmission oil, industrial oil or motor oil.
• the commercially available lubricant compositions or else lubricants are produced from a multitude of different natural or synthetic components.
• the base oils often consist of mineral oils, highly refined mineral oils, alkylated mineral oils, poly- ⁇ -olefins (PAOs), polyalkylene glycols, phosphate esters, silicone oils, diesters and esters of polyhydric alcohols.
• PAOs poly- ⁇ -olefins
• polyalkylene glycols phosphate esters
• silicone oils diesters and esters of polyhydric alcohols.
• mineral oils of the Solvent Neutral class and mineral oils of the XHVI, VHVI, group II and group III classes are used.
• the different lubricants such as motor oil, turbine oil, hydraulic fluid, transmission oil, compressor oil and the like, must satisfy extremely high criteria such as high viscosity index, good lubricant performance, high oxidation sensitivity, good thermal stability or comparable properties.
• High-performance lubricant oil formulations which are used as transmission, industrial or motor oils are especially oils with a high performance profile with regard to shear stability, low-temperature viscosity, long life, evaporation loss, fuel efficiency, seal compatibility and wear protection.
• low-viscosity esters for example DIDA (diisodecyl adipate), DITA (diisotridecyl adipate) or TMTC (trimethylolpropane caprylate), are typically also being used especially as solubilizers for polar additive types and for optimizing seal compatibilities.
• Disadvantages in the case of use of the PAOs or of the polymers are generally the high costs and the low shear stability, and also the low-temperature viscosity of the lubricants in the case of use of polymers.
• Ester-based lubricant oils are known per se and have already been used for some time (see Ullmanns Encyklopädie der ischen Chemie, 3rd Edition, volume 15, 1964, p. 285-294).
• Common esters are reaction products of dicarboxylic acids with alcohols, for example 2-ethylhexanol, or reaction products of polyols, for example trimethylolpropane, and fatty acids, for example oleic acid or a mixture of n-octanoic acid and n-decanoic acid.
• dicarboxylic acids When, for example, dicarboxylic acids are used as well as monocarboxylic acids and polyols in the ester preparation, the dicarboxylic acid has crosslinking action, which leads to an increase in molecular weights of the ester and ultimately to higher viscosities and improved thickening actions in lubricant formulations.
• Such esters are typically referred to as complex esters. Low-temperature viscosities of the formulations produced with esters and hence improved handling at low temperatures have been described especially for esters with branched alkyl chains.
• lubricant oils are reflected in the common specifications according to classes, for example multiregion oils which satisfy viscosity classes SAE 75-W90 for transmission oils, or O-W20 or O-W30 for motor oils, can be used virtually in all seasons.
• An optimal viscosity index improver exhibits a minor contribution to the viscosity of the lubricant at low temperatures, and a major contribution at operating temperatures. Moreover, a high stability should also be present under elevated shear forces.
• EP 1281701 discloses synthetic lubricants prepared from polyneopentylpolyol and a mixture of linear and branched acids, wherein the ester has a viscosity of from 68 to 400 mm 2 /s at 40° C. These have been developed for use in cooling compressor fluids.
• EP 938536 discloses lubricants which comprise synthetic esters which are obtained by reacting polyols with mixtures of monocarboxylic acids and optionally polybasic acids, and which have an elevated thermal and oxidative stability.
• the viscosity of the esters at 100° C. is not more than approx. 80 mm 2 /s. No statements regarding the shear stability were made.
• Low-temperature viscosities and/or shear stabilities should be improved in comparison to customary thickeners or VI improvers corresponding to the state of the art, and the compatibility of the thickener system with the remaining components of the lubricant formulations, especially at relatively low temperatures, should remain guaranteed.
• a further object of the present invention consisted in providing lubricants which, as well as the properties mentioned, have a good compatibility with respect to seal materials.
• the other properties especially the lubricity and rheological properties of the lubricant, must not be adversely affected.
• the invention provides a lubricant composition having a good shear stability determined by the loss of kinematic viscosity at 100° C., comprising base oil and a synthetic complex ester, said complex ester having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of greater than 400 and up to 50 000 mm 2 /s and being obtained by reaction of:
• shear is considered to be permanent shear. Since the viscosity of the base oil decreases as a result of shear only to a very insignificantly minor degree, if at all, the determination of the loss of viscosity after shear is meaningful as a parameter for the complex esters.
• a polar polymer for example of an alkyl fumarate- ⁇ -olefin, of a polyalkyl methacrylate or of an alkyl methacrylate- ⁇ -olefin system
• a lubricant composition comprising the relatively high-viscosity ester in many cases acts as a solubilizer for the ester, and can lower low-temperature viscosities of the lubricant composition in a synergistic manner.
• PAO types for example PAO 60 or PAO 100, or customary thickeners such as OCP or PIB, which have been added to the lubricants as thickeners, can alternatively be formulated with the complex esters to be present in accordance with the invention and lead to comparably good or improved properties.
• the kinematic viscosity of the complex ester for use is preferably from 800 to 25 000 mm 2 /s, especially from 1200 to 10 000 mm 2 /s, more preferably from 1300 to 5000 mm 2 /s and most preferably from 1500 to 3000 mm 2 /s. It has been found that, surprisingly, the use of these esters leads to very low losses in the kinematic viscosity of the lubricant composition after permanent shear. This property makes possible use in lubricants which are exposed to high shear stress.
• lubricant compositions comprising the complex ester in a concentration of from 3 to 90% by weight based on the total amount of lubricant composition.
• a concentration of 7-50% by weight and more preferably of 10-34% by weight is especially preferred.
• the lubricant compositions are characterized in that the monocarboxylic acids used in the reaction according to a) are branched monocarboxylic acids or mixtures of linear and branched monocarboxylic acids, each of which has a carbon number of from 5 to 40 carbon atoms, where the content of branched monoacid is preferably greater than 90 mol % based on the total content of the acid mixture.
• the monocarboxylic acids preferably have from 8 to 30 carbon atoms and especially from 10 to 18 carbon atoms.
• the linear acids are preferably selected from the group formed by valeric acid, caproic acid, heptanoic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, arachic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, myristic acid, cerotic acid, mellissic acid, tricosanoic acid and pentacosanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, isotridecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eleostearic acid, gadoleic acid and erucic acid, and the technical-grade mixtures
• lubricant compositions which comprise complex esters which are obtained by reacting polyols with dicarboxylic acids and branched monocarboxylic acids.
• These preferred esters formed from polyols, dicarboxylic acids and branched monocarboxylic acids preferably have a viscosity from 1300 to 5000 mm 2 /s and most preferably from 1500 to 3000 mm 2 /s.
• the base oil present in the lubricant composition is understood to mean an oil which is selected from the group formed by mineral oils, highly refined mineral oils, alkylated mineral oils, poly- ⁇ -olefins, polyalkylene glycols, phosphate esters, silicone oils, diesters and esters of polyhydric alcohols, and also mineral oils of the Solvent Neutral class and mineral oils of the XHVI, VHVI, group II and group III and GTL basestock (gas-to-liquid base oil) classes.
• the poly- ⁇ -olefins may preferably be formed from C6 to C18- ⁇ -olefins and mixtures thereof. Especially preferred are poly- ⁇ -decenes.
• the polyols are preferably selected from the group formed by neopentyl glycol, 2,2-dimethylolbutane, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylol-butane, monopentaerythitol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyalkylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-propanediol and glycerol. Especially preferred are trimethylolpropane, monopentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol.
• the lubricant compositions are characterized in that, in the reaction according to b), the monoalcohols used are branched or linear alcohols of the general formula (II) (R 2 OH) in which R 2 is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic group having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms and bears 0 and/or 1, 2 or 3 double bonds.
• the monoalcohols used are branched or linear alcohols of the general formula (II) (R 2 OH) in which R 2 is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic group having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms and bears 0 and/or 1, 2 or 3 double bonds.
• the monoalcohols are preferably selected from the group formed by caproic alcohol, capryl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, capric alcohol, lauryl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmitoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, linolyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol, elaeostearyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol and brassidyl alcohol, and technical-grade mixtures thereof.
• the dicarboxylic acids used in accordance with the invention to prepare the complex esters are preferably oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, brassylic acid, thapsic acid and phellogenic acid.
• the anhydrides of the dicarboxylic acids are also suitable in accordance with the invention for the reaction. Especially preferred are azelaic acid or sebacic acid, and anhydrides thereof.
• the conversion to the reaction products of the complex esters proceeds in syntheses known per se for preparing esters.
• the preparation of the esters can also be carried out in accordance with the invention by known processes such that free carboxyl groups and/or free hydroxyl groups are present in a controlled manner, and these products with free carboxyl and/or free hydroxyl groups are used in the lubricant composition.
• the free carboxyl groups present may be reacted further with amines to give amides, and the resulting compounds may be present in the lubricant composition as complex esters in the context of the invention.
• inventive lubricant compositions comprise, as a further component, a polar polymer in a concentration of from 0.5 to 30% by weight based on the total amount of lubricant composition. Preference is given to a concentration of from 1 to 18% by weight and more preferably from 2 to 12% by weight.
• the polar polymers for use in accordance with the invention are preferably selected from the group formed by alkyl fumarate- ⁇ -olefin copolymer, alkyl maleate- ⁇ -olefin copolymer, polyalkyl methacrylate, propylene oxide polymer, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer and alkyl methacrylate- ⁇ -olefin copolymer.
• the complex esters for use in accordance with the invention exhibit a high compatibility toward seal materials which typically find use.
• the test for compatibility toward seal materials can be carried out, for example, according to the standard test ASTM D 471, for example over 168 h at 100° C.
• the complex esters for use in accordance with the invention exhibit, for the seal materials, a volume increase of not more than 20%, preferably not more than 10%, a hardness loss of less than 15%, preferably less than 10%, and a decrease in the elongation at break of less than 50%, preferably less than 30%.
• seal materials with respect to lubricant compositions based on esters occur particularly in the case of use of nitrile rubber or acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber or hydrogenated variants thereof.
• these seal materials are softened by esters as lubricants, which is manifested by an increase in volume. This softening leads to reduced hardness and reduced breaking strength or elongation at break.
• the complex esters for use are compatible toward seal materials which are selected from the group formed by NR (natural rubber), NBR (nitrile-butadiene rubber), HNBR (hydrogenated nitrile butyl rubber), FPM (fluorine rubber), ACM (acrylate rubber), PTFE (Teflon), PU (polyurethane), silicone, polyacrylate and neoprene, more preferably toward NBR, HNBR and ACM.
• seal materials which are selected from the group formed by NR (natural rubber), NBR (nitrile-butadiene rubber), HNBR (hydrogenated nitrile butyl rubber), FPM (fluorine rubber), ACM (acrylate rubber), PTFE (Teflon), PU (polyurethane), silicone, polyacrylate and neoprene, more preferably toward NBR, HNBR and ACM.
• the stability of the seal materials toward esters with branched alkyl groups is determined by the ASTM D 471 test mentioned, and the criteria specified are met.
• the complex esters for use in accordance with the invention exhibit, in addition to the properties already mentioned, also good oxidation stability and thermal stability. This has been determined to DIN EN ISO 4263-3.
• lubricant composition In the context of the invention, the terms “lubricant composition”, “lubricant”, “lubricant oil” and “formulation” are used synonymously.
• inventive lubricant composition may comprise further additives which are selected from the group formed by polymer thickeners, viscosity index improvers, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, detergents, dispersants, demulsifiers, defoamers, dyes, wear protection additives, EP (extreme pressure) and AW (antiwear) additives and friction modifiers.
• further additives which are selected from the group formed by polymer thickeners, viscosity index improvers, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, detergents, dispersants, demulsifiers, defoamers, dyes, wear protection additives, EP (extreme pressure) and AW (antiwear) additives and friction modifiers.
• the invention further provides for the use of the inventive lubricant composition, especially in the preferred embodiments, as a vehicle transmission oil, axle oil, industrial transmission oil, compressor oil, turbine oil or motor oil. Particular preference is given to use as a vehicle transmission oil, axle oil, clutch oil or industrial transmission oil.
• Table 1 shows a compilation of example and comparative example formulations.
• HVE I commercially available high-viscosity ester with a kinematic viscosity measured at 40° C. of 445 mm 2 /s (e.g. Synative ES 3237 from Cognis)
• HVE II high-viscosity ester with a kinematic viscosity measured at 40° C.
• DIDA diisodecyl adipate, e.g. Synative ES DIDA from Cognis Deutschland Gmbh & Co. KG Group III mineral oil: Nexbase 3043 from Neste Oil Corp.
• Alkyl methacrylate- ⁇ -olefin copolymer I Viscobase 11-574 from RohMax Alkyl methacrylate I: Viscoplex 0-101 from RohMax Alkyl maleate- ⁇ -olefin copolymer I: Gear-Lube 7930 Alkyl fumarate- ⁇ -olefin copolymer I: Gear-Lube 7960 Additive package I: Anglamol 6004 J from Lubrizol PIB I: Lubrizol 8406 from Lubrizol OCP I: Lubrizol 8407 from Lubrizol *SRV test conditions: SRV1 instrument from Optimol Instruments exctechnik GmbH Load increased to 200 N within 22 minutes, 300 N for a further 5 minutes, 600 N for the remaining 43 minutes; test time: 70 minutes Temperature: 100° C. Sliding path of the sphere: 1.00 mm Frequency: 50 Hz Material pair: 10 mm diameter sphere on cylinder with lapped surface
• Viscosity index 150 166 140 160 142 Shear stability: 36.8% 3.0% loss of kinemat. visc. at 100° C. (DIN 51562; CEC L-45-T-93)

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=38658472

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (12)

Cited By (8)

Families Citing this family (30)

Citations (12)

Family Cites Families (6)

• 2006
  • 2006-06-13 DE DE102006027602A patent/DE102006027602A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2007
  • 2007-06-02 EP EP07725786.3A patent/EP2027234B1/de active Active
  • 2007-06-02 WO PCT/EP2007/004908 patent/WO2007144079A2/de active Application Filing
  • 2007-06-02 BR BRPI0713592-0A patent/BRPI0713592A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2007-06-02 US US12/305,576 patent/US20090186787A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-06-02 AU AU2007260340A patent/AU2007260340B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2007-06-02 CA CA002655040A patent/CA2655040A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-06-02 JP JP2009514660A patent/JP2009540070A/ja active Pending
  • 2007-06-02 KR KR1020087030319A patent/KR20090016703A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2007-06-02 MX MX2008014259A patent/MX2008014259A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2007-06-02 CN CN2007800220457A patent/CN101466817B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2009
  • 2009-09-29 HK HK09108999.5A patent/HK1129235A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (12)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events