US20090172971A1 - Composite Shoe Sole, Footwear Constituted Thereof and Method for Producing the Same - Google Patents

Composite Shoe Sole, Footwear Constituted Thereof and Method for Producing the Same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090172971A1
US20090172971A1 US12/281,527 US28152707A US2009172971A1 US 20090172971 A1 US20090172971 A1 US 20090172971A1 US 28152707 A US28152707 A US 28152707A US 2009172971 A1 US2009172971 A1 US 2009172971A1
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Prior art keywords
shoe sole
composite shoe
fiber
composite
water
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US12/281,527
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English (en)
Inventor
Marc Peikert
Stane Nabernick
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WL Gore and Associates GmbH
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WL Gore and Associates GmbH
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Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102006010007A external-priority patent/DE102006010007A1/de
Priority claimed from DE202007000667U external-priority patent/DE202007000667U1/de
Application filed by WL Gore and Associates GmbH filed Critical WL Gore and Associates GmbH
Publication of US20090172971A1 publication Critical patent/US20090172971A1/en
Assigned to W.L. GORE & ASSOCIATES GMBH reassignment W.L. GORE & ASSOCIATES GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NABERNIK, STANE, PEIKERT, MARK
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/12—Special watertight footwear
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/12—Special watertight footwear
    • A43B7/125—Special watertight footwear provided with a vapour permeable member, e.g. a membrane
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/02—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/02—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the material
    • A43B13/026—Composites, e.g. carbon fibre or aramid fibre; the sole, one or more sole layers or sole part being made of a composite
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/02—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the material
    • A43B13/12—Soles with several layers of different materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/06—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/06—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated
    • A43B7/08—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements ventilated with air-holes, with or without closures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite shoe sole, footwear constructed with it, as well as a method for producing such footwear.
  • EP 0,275,644 A2, EP 0,382,904 A2, EP 1,506, 723 A2, EP 0,858,270 B1, DE 100 36 100 C1, EP 959,704 B1, WO 2004/028,284 A1, DE 20 2004 08539 U1, and WO 2005/065,479 A1 provide examples.
  • the present invention seeks to make footwear available that has a shoe-bottom structure with particularly high water-vapor-permeability, without seriously compromising its stability.
  • Sole structures according to EP 959,704 B1 and WO 2004/028,284 A1 which have an outsole favoring higher water-vapor-permeability consisting essentially of only a peripheral frame for incorporation of water-vapor-permeable material in addition to a number of separate outsole cleats, which are supposed to protect a membrane situated above them from penetration of foreign bodies, such as small pebbles, but themselves are not separately stable, do not provide a degree of stabilization of the sole structure, as is desired for many types of footwear.
  • the outsole in WO 2004/028,284 A1 is formed from the peripheral frame and a number of outsole cleats, which are distributed over the bottom of the sole within the peripheral frame.
  • a membrane is arranged between a support layer and an insole situated above it, which is provided with holes for water-vapor-permeability, with which not only is waterproofness with water-vapor-permeability to be achieved, but it is also supposed to prevent small pebbles that the mesh openings of the support layer cannot keep out from penetrating into the interior of the shoe.
  • the membrane which is easily damaged by mechanical effects, is therefore supposed to offer protection, which it itself actually requires.
  • the membrane and the protective layer are joined to each other by spot gluing, i.e., by means of a glue pattern applied as a dot matrix. Only the surface part of the membrane not covered by glue is still available for water-vapor transport.
  • the membrane and the protective layer then form a glue composite that either forms a composite sole with an outsole that is attached as such to the shaft bottom of the footwear or forms a part of the shaft bottom, onto which an outsole still has to be attached.
  • the outsole is divided in two in terms of thickness, both outsole layers are provided with flush trough holes of relatively small diameter, and the protective layer is arranged between the two outsole layers.
  • the membrane in the finished footwear is situated on the top of the outsole. Since only the trough hole-surface part of this outsole is available for water-vapor passage, only a correspondingly smaller part of the membrane surface can have an effect on water-vapor passage. It has also turned out that standing air volumes inhibit water-vapor transport. Such standing air volumes are formed in the trough holes of this outsole, and their elimination by air circulation through the outsole is adversely affected by the protective layer.
  • the invention makes available a water-vapor-permeable composite shoe sole according to claim 1 , footwear according to claim 92 , and a method for producing footwear according to claim 102 . Modifications of these objects are mentioned in the corresponding dependent claims.
  • a water-vapor-permeable composite shoe sole with a top is made available that has at least one opening extending through the thickness of the composite shoe sole.
  • a barrier unit is provided with a top at least partially forming the top of the composite shoe sole, and with a water-vapor-permeable barrier material formed as a barrier against the penetration of foreign objects, by means of which the at least one opening is closed in a water-vapor-permeable manner.
  • a stabilization device is assigned to the barrier material for mechanical stabilization of the composite shoe sole, which is constructed with at least one stabilization bar is arranged on at least one surface of the barrier material and at least partially bridges at least one opening.
  • At least one outsole part is arranged beneath the barrier unit. “Beneath the barrier unit” means that the at least one outsole part is arranged on the surface of the barrier unit facing the floor or ground. A situation is therefore achieved in which only the at least one outsole part assumes the function of walking or standing of the composite sole.
  • the at least one outsole part is arranged on the barrier unit, so that no outsole parts are found in the at least one opening. Since the barrier unit does not represent or does not significantly represent the layer in the composite shoe sole that touches the ground, it is possible to optimize it with respect to its stabilizing properties, such as stiffness and torsion stiffness. In comparison with this, the outsole can be optimized with respect to its outsole function, for example, a material with limited wear and high adhesion can be chosen.
  • the barrier material is a fiber composite with at least two fiber components that differ with respect to melting point. At least one part of a first fiber component then has a first melting point and a first softening temperature range lying beneath it and at least one part of a second fiber component has a second melting point and a second softening temperature range lying beneath it. The first melting point and the first softening temperature range are higher than the second melting point and the second softening temperature range.
  • the fiber composite is thermally bonded, while maintaining water-vapor permeability in the thermally bonded area, as a result of thermal activation of the second fiber component with an adhesive softening temperature lying in the second softening temperature range.
  • Melting point is understood to mean, in the field of polymer or fiber structures, a narrow temperature range in which the crystalline areas of the polymer or fiber structure melt and the polymer converts to a liquid state. It lies above the softening temperature range and is a significant characteristic for partially crystalline polymers.
  • Softening temperature range is understood to mean, in the field of synthetic fibers, a temperature range of different width occurring before the melting point is reached, in which softening, but no melting occurs.
  • a material choice is made, so that the conditions according to the invention with respect to melting points and softening temperature ranges are satisfied for both fiber components, and a temperature is chosen for the thermal bonding that represents an adhesive softening temperature for the second fiber component, at which softening of the second fiber component occurs, in which case, its material exerts a gluing effect, so that at least part of the fibers of the second fiber component are thermally bonded to each other by gluing, so that bonding stabilization of the fiber composite occurs that is above the bonding obtained in a fiber composite with the same materials for the two fiber components by purely mechanical bonding, for example, by needle attachment of the fiber composite.
  • the adhesive softening temperature can also be chosen in such a way that softening of the fibers of the second fiber component occurs to an extent that not only are the fibers of the second fiber component glued to each other, but also partial or complete enclosure of individual sites of the fibers of the first fiber composite with softened material of fibers of the second fiber composite occurs, i.e., partial or full embedding of such sites of fibers of the first fiber composite in the material of fibers of the second fiber composite, so that a correspondingly increased stabilization bonding of the fiber composite occurs.
  • the barrier material has a fiber composite with a first fiber component and a second fiber component with two fiber parts, whereby the first fiber component has a first melting point and a softening temperature range lying beneath it, and a second fiber part of the second fiber component has a second melting point and a second softening temperature range lying beneath it; the first melting point and the first melting-point range are higher than the second melting point and the second softening temperature range, the first fiber part of the second fiber component has a higher melting point and a higher softening temperature lying beneath it than the second fiber part, and the fiber composite, as a result of thermal activation of the second fiber part of the second fiber component, is thermally bonded, while retaining water-vapor-permeability in the thermally bonded area, with an adhesive softening temperature lying in the second softening temperature range.
  • a material choice is then made so that the conditions according to the invention with respect to melting points and softening temperature ranges for the two fiber components and fiber parts are satisfied and a temperature is chosen for thermal bonding that represents an adhesive softening temperature for the second fiber part or the second fiber component at which softening of this fiber part or the second fiber component occurs, in which case its material exerts an adhesive effect, so that at least part of the fibers of the second fiber component are thermally bonded to each other by gluing, so that bonding stabilization of the fiber composite occurs that is above the bonding obtained in a fiber composite with the same materials for both fiber components by purely mechanical bonding, for example, by needle attachment of the fiber composite.
  • a embodiment for the second fiber component with two fiber parts of different melting points or different softening temperature ranges has fibers with a core-shell structure in which the core has a higher melting point and a higher softening temperature range than the shell and thermal bonding of the fiber component occurs by appropriate softening of the shell.
  • Another embodiment for the second fiber component with two fiber parts of different melting point or different softening temperature ranges has fibers with a side-to-side structure, in which the second fiber component has two fiber parts running parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction of the fibers, a first one of which has a higher melting point and a higher softening temperature range than the second fiber part, and thermal attachment of the fiber composite occurs by appropriate softening of the second fiber part.
  • the adhesive softening temperature can also be chosen in such a way that softening of the second fiber part of the second fiber component occurs to such an extent that not only are the second fiber parts of the second fiber component bonded to each other, but additionally partial or full enclosure of individual sites of the fibers of the first fiber component with softened material of the second fiber part of the second fiber component, i.e., partial or full embedding of those sites of fibers of the first fiber component in material of the second fiber part of the second fiber component, occurs, so that a correspondingly increased stabilization bonding of the fiber composite develops.
  • the second fiber component has the already mentioned side-to-side fiber structure.
  • an additional increase in stabilization can be achieved, in which partial or full embedding of fiber sites in softened material of fibers of the second fiber component is further intensified.
  • the thermal bonding of the fiber composite achieved by using the adhesive softening temperature, is to be chosen, on the other hand, in such a way that sufficient water-vapor permeability of the fiber composite is produced, i.e., fiber bonding is always restricted to the individual bonding sites, so that sufficient unbonded sites for water-vapor transport remain.
  • the choice of adhesive softening temperature can be made according to the desired requirements of the practical embodiment, especially with respect to stability properties and water-vapor permeability.
  • the fiber composite By selecting specific materials for the two fiber components and by selecting the degree of thermal bonding of the fiber composite, a desired stabilization of the fiber composite with respect to its state before thermal bonding can be achieved while maintaining water-vapor permeability. Because of this thermal bonding, the fiber composite reaches a strength, based on which it is particularly suitable as a water-vapor-permeable barrier material that stabilizes a composite shoe sole and is therefore suitable for footwear whose shoe bottom is supposed to have good water-vapor-permeability, on the one hand, and good stability, on the other.
  • such a barrier material is particularly suited for a composite shoe sole that is designed to obtain high water-vapor permeability with large-area openings, so that it requires, on the one hand, a barrier material for protection of a membrane situated above it from penetration of foreign objects, such as pebbles, through such an opening to the membrane and, on the other hand, additional stabilization, because of the large-area openings.
  • the ratio between fibers of the fiber component with higher melting point and the fibers of the fiber component with the lower melting point can be adjusted.
  • its fiber composite is a textile fabric, which can be a woven, warp-knit, knit, non-woven fabric, felt, mesh, or lay.
  • the fiber composite is a mechanically strengthened non-woven fabric, whereby mechanical bonding can be achieved by needling the fiber composite.
  • Water-jet bonding can also be used for mechanical bonding of the fiber composite, in which, instead of true needles, water jets are used for mechanically bonding entanglement of the fibers of the fiber composite.
  • the first fiber component is a support component and the second fiber component is a bonding component of the barrier material.
  • the first fiber part of the second fiber component forms an additional support component in addition to the first fiber component, the second fiber part of the second fiber component forming the bonding component of the barrier material.
  • the choice of materials for the fiber components is made in one embodiment in such a way that at least part of the second fiber component and then, if the second fiber component includes at least a first fiber part and a second fiber part, at least part of the second fiber part of the second fiber component can be activated at a temperature in the range between 80° C. and 230° C. for adhesive softening.
  • the second softening temperature range lies between 60° C. and 220° C.
  • the first fiber component, and optionally the first fiber part of the second fiber component are melt-resistant at a temperature of at least 130° C., whereby, in practical embodiments, melt resistance at a temperature of at least 170° C. or even at least 250° C. is chosen by corresponding selection of the material for the first fiber part, and optionally for the first fiber part of the second fiber component.
  • first fiber part and optionally the first fiber part and the second fiber component, materials such as natural fibers, plastic fibers, metal fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers, and blends thereof, are appropriate.
  • leather fibers represent an appropriate material in the context of natural fibers.
  • the second fiber component, and optionally the second fiber part of the second fiber component are constructed with at least one synthetic fiber suitable for thermal bonding at an appropriate temperature.
  • At least one of the two fiber components, and optionally at least one of the two fiber parts of the second fiber component are chosen from the material group including polyolefins, polyamide, copolyamide, viscose, polyurethane, polyacrylic, polybutylene terephthalate, and blends thereof.
  • the polyolefin can then be chosen from polyethylene and polypropylene.
  • the first fiber component, and optionally the first fiber part of the second fiber component is chosen from the material group polyesters and copolyesters.
  • At least the second fiber component, and optionally at least the second fiber part of the second fiber component are constructed with at least one thermoplastic material.
  • the second fiber component, and optionally the second fiber part of the second fiber component can be chosen from the material group polyamide, copolyamide, and polybutylene terephthalate and polyolefins, or also from the material group polyester and copolyester.
  • thermoplastic materials examples include polyethylene, polyamide (PA), polyester (PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinylchloride (PVC).
  • additional appropriate materials are rubber, thermoplastic rubber (TR), and polyurethane (PU).
  • Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) whose parameters (hardness, color, elasticity, etc.) can be adjusted very variably, is also suitable.
  • both fiber parts of the second fiber component consist of polyester, the polyester of the second fiber part having a lower melting point than the polyester of the first fiber part.
  • At least the second fiber component has a core-shell structure, i.e., a structure, in which a core material of the fiber component is coaxially surrounded by a shell layer.
  • the first fiber part, having a higher melting point then forms the core, and the second fiber part, having a lower melting point, forms the shell.
  • At least the second fiber component has a side-to-side structure, i.e., two fiber parts of different material running next to each other in the longitudinal direction of the fiber, each of which have a semicircular cross-section, for example, are placed against each other, so that the two fiber components are joined to each other side by side.
  • One side then forms the first fiber part of the barrier material, having a higher melting point
  • the second side forms the second fiber part of the second fiber component of the barrier material, having a lower melting point.
  • the second fiber component has a weight percentage, referred to the basis weight of the fiber composite in the range from 10% to 90%. In one embodiment, the weight percentage of the second fiber component lies in the range from 10% to 60%. In practical embodiments, the weight percentage of the second fiber component is 50% or 20%.
  • the materials for the two fiber components, and optionally for the two fiber parts of the second fiber component are chosen in such a way that their melting points differ by at least 20 C.°.
  • the barrier material can be thermally bonded over its entire thickness. Depending on the requirements to be achieved, especially with respect to air permeability, water-vapor permeability, and stability, an embodiment can be chosen in which only part of the thickness of the barrier material is thermally bonded.
  • the barrier material thermally bonded over at least part of its thickness is additionally compressed on at least one surface by means of pressure and temperature. It can be advantageous to smooth the bottom of the barrier material facing the tread of the composite shoe sole by surface compression, because dirt that reaches the bottom of the barrier material through openings of the composite shoe sole then adheres less readily to it. At the same time, the abrasion resistance of the barrier material is increased.
  • the barrier material is finished or treated with one or more agents from the material group water repellants, dirt repellants, oil repellants, anti-bacterial agents, deodorants, and/or a combination thereof.
  • the barrier material is treated so as to be water-repellant, dirt-repellant, oil-repellant, antibacterial and/or treated against odor.
  • the barrier material has a water-vapor permeability of at least 4000 g/m 2 -24 h. In practical embodiments, a water-vapor permeability of at least 7000 g/m 2 -24 h or even 10,000 g/m 2 -24 h is chosen.
  • the barrier material is designed to be water-permeable.
  • the barrier material has a thickness in the range from at least 1 mm to 5 mm, whereby practical embodiments, especially in the range from 1 mm to 2.5 mm, or even in the range from 1 mm to 1.5 mm, are chosen, the specially selected thickness depending on the special application of the barrier material, and also on which surface smoothness, air permeability, water-vapor permeability, and mechanical strength are to be provided.
  • the barrier material has a fiber composite with at least two fiber components that differ with respect to melting point and softening temperature range, a first fiber component consisting of polyester and having a first melting point and a first softening temperature range lying beneath it, and at least part of a second fiber component having a second melting point and a second softening temperature range lying beneath it, whereby the first melting point and the first melting-point range are higher than the second melting point and the second melting-point range.
  • the second fiber component has a core-shell structure and a first fiber part of polyester that forms the core and a second fiber part of polyester that forms the shell, the first fiber part having a higher melting point and a higher softening temperature range than the second fiber part.
  • the fiber composite as a result of thermal activation of the second fiber component, is thermally bonded, while maintaining water-vapor permeability in the thermally bonded area, with an adhesive softening temperature lying in the second softening temperature range, and the fiber composite is a needled non-woven fabric that is compressed on at least one of its surfaces by means of pressure and temperature.
  • the barrier material is obtained by surface compression of a surface of the fiber composite with a surface pressure in the range from 11.5 N/cm 2 to 4 N/cm 2 at a heating-plate temperature of 230° C. for 10 s.
  • the surface compression of a surface of the fiber composite occurs with a surface pressure of 3.3 N/cm 2 at a heating-plate temperature of 230° C. for 10 s.
  • the barrier material is produced with a puncture strength in the range from 290 N to 320 N, so that it forms a good protection for a waterproof, water-vapor-permeable membrane situated above it against penetration of foreign objects, such as small pebbles.
  • Such a barrier material is therefore particularly suited in a water-vapor-permeable composite shoe sole as a water-vapor-permeable barrier layer that stabilizes the composite shoe sole and protects the membrane situated above it.
  • a barrier unit constructed with such a barrier material is therefore particularly suited for a composite shoe sole according to the invention.
  • At least one stabilization device for stabilizing the barrier material and therefore the composite shoe sole is assigned to the barrier material.
  • This is advantageous, especially when the barrier material itself is not designed or not adequately designed as a stabilization material, so that the barrier material acquires stabilization or stabilization support from the stabilization device.
  • additional stabilization is added to the intrinsic stability that the barrier material has, because of its thermal bonding, and optionally surface compression, which can be produced deliberately at certain sites of the barrier unit, especially in the area of openings of the composite shoe sole, which are made with a large surface, in order to provide high water-vapor-permeability of the composite shoe sole.
  • forefoot area and midfoot area of the composite shoe sole will be discussed next.
  • the forefoot is the longitudinal foot area extending over the toes and ball of the foot to the beginning of the instep
  • the midfoot is the longitudinal foot area between the ball of the foot and the heel.
  • forefoot area and midfoot area mean the longitudinal areas of the composite shoe sole over which the forefoot or the midfoot of the wearer of the footwear extends when wearing footwear provided with such a composite shoe sole.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that at least 15% of the surface of the forefoot area of the composite shoe sole is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that 25% of the surface of the forefoot area of the composite shoe sole is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that 40% of the surface of the forefoot area of the composite shoe sole is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that 50% of the surface of the forefoot area of the composite shoe sole is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that 60% of the surface of the forefoot area of the composite shoe sole is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that 75% of the surface of the forefoot area of the composite shoe sole is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that 15% of the surface of the midfoot area of the composite shoe sole is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that 25% of the surface of the midfoot area of the composite shoe sole is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that 40% of the surface of the midfoot area of the composite shoe sole is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that 50% of the surface of the midfoot area of the composite shoe sole is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that 60% of the surface of the midfoot area of the composite shoe sole is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that 75% of the surface of the midfoot area of the composite shoe sole is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the stabilization devices of the midfoot area leading to the different percentages mentioned above can be combined with individual stabilization units of the forefoot area leading to the different percentages stated above.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that at least 15% of the front half of the longitudinal extent of the composite shoe sole is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that at least 25% of the front half of the longitudinal extent of the composite shoe sole is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such as way that at least 40% of the front half of the longitudinal extent of the composite shoe sole is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that at least 50% of the front half of the longitudinal extent of the composite shoe sole is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that at least 60% of the front half of the longitudinal extent of the composite shoe sole is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that at least 75% of the front-half of the longitudinal extent of the composite shoe sole is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that of the longitudinal extent of the composite shoe sole minus the heel area, at least 15% is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that of the longitudinal extent of the composite shoe sole minus the heel area, at least 25% is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that of the longitudinal extent of the composite shoe sole minus the heel area, at least 40% is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that of the longitudinal extent of the composite shoe sole minus the heel area, at least 50% is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that of the longitudinal extent of the composite shoe sole minus the heel area, at least 60% is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that of the longitudinal extent of the composite shoe sole minus the heel area, at least 75% is water-vapor-permeable.
  • the percentages mentioned therefore refer, with respect to the forefoot area, to the part of the surface included by the shaft contour on the sole side bonded on the forefoot length and, with respect to the midfoot area, to the part of the surface enclosed by the shaft contour on the sole side bounded on the midfoot length.
  • the footwear in question is a business shoe whose outsole has an outsole peripheral edge protruding relatively widely above the outside of the shaft contour on the sole side, which, for example, is firmly stitched on a mounting frame that also runs around the outside of the shaft contour on the sole side, water-vapor permeability need not exist in the area of this outsole peripheral edge, since this area is situated outside the part of the composite shoe sole contacted by the foot, and therefore no sweat release occurs in this area.
  • the percentages mentioned in the preceding paragraphs refer to footwear that does not have the above-mentioned protruding outsole edge typical of business shoes.
  • this outsole area of the business shoe can account for about 20% of the total outsole surface, about 20% can be subtracted in business shoes from the total outsole surface, and the above-mentioned percentages for water-vapor permeability of the composite shoe sole pertain to the remaining 80% of the total outsole surface.
  • the stabilization device can consist of one or more stabilization bars, which are arranged, for example, on the bottom of the barrier material on the outsole side.
  • the stabilization device is provided with at least one opening, which forms at least one part of the trough hole after production of the composite shoe sole and is closed with barrier material.
  • the above-mentioned percentage water-vapor permeabilities in the forefoot area and/or midfoot area are provided mostly or even exclusively in the area of the at least one opening of the stabilization device.
  • At least one support element is assigned to the barrier material in the trough hole or at least one of the trough holes, which extends from the side of the barrier material facing the tread to the level of the tread, so that the barrier material, during walking, is supported on the floor by the support element.
  • at least one of the stabilization bars can simultaneously be designed as a support element.
  • the passage openings of the outsole or outsole parts and the barrier unit can have the same or different surface areas. It is important that these passage openings overlap at least partially, whereby an intersection surface of the corresponding passage opening of the barrier unit and the corresponding passage opening of the outsole or the outsole part forms an opening through the entire composite shoe sole.
  • the extent of the opening is greatest when the corresponding passage opening of the barrier unit is at least equally large and extends over the entire area of the corresponding passage opening of the outsole or outsole part, or vice versa.
  • the stabilization device not be a component of the at least one outsole part.
  • the stabilization device, and especially the at least one stabilization bar does not assume an outsole function.
  • a stabilization device with the at least one stabilization bar has a spacing from the floor or substrate.
  • the composite shoe sole with outsole is prescribed for walking and standing on a floor or on the ground.
  • the at least one stabilization bar in the composite shoe sole is situated above the floor or ground and a certain distance is prescribed between the stabilization bar and the floor. In one embodiment, the distance corresponds to the thickness of the at least one outsole part, which is arranged beneath the barrier unit.
  • the at least one stabilization bar has a spacing from the floor or the ground applies when a stabilization bar is simultaneously formed as a support element that extends to the floor or ground.
  • the outsole part has a first material and the stabilization device has a second material that is different from the first material, the second material being harder (according to Shore) than the first material.
  • Hardness is understood to mean the mechanical resistance that a substance has in order to withstand the penetration of another, harder substance.
  • a barrier material is used for the barrier unit that can be equipped with a much higher intrinsic stability, as a result of thermal bonding and optionally additional surface compression, than the material can offer without thermal bonding and surface bonding, such a barrier material for the barrier unit can offer additional stabilization to the composite shoe sole provided with openings, even if the one or more openings of the composite shoe sole are designed with a very large area in the interest of high water-vapor-permeability.
  • This intrinsic stability is further increased by the use of the already mentioned additional stabilization device and selectively in areas of the composite shoe sole that require special stabilization.
  • the stabilization device is provided with several openings, these can either be closed overall with a piece of the barrier material or each with a piece of barrier material.
  • the stabilization device can be designed to be sole-shaped, if it is to extend over the entire area of the composite shoe sole, or partially sole-shaped, if it is to be provided only in part of the surface of the composite shoe sole.
  • the stabilization device of the barrier unit has at least one stabilization frame that stabilizes at least the composite shoe sole, so that the composite shoe sole experiences an additional stabilization apart from the stabilizing effect through the barrier material.
  • a particularly good stabilization effect is achieved if the stabilization frame is fit into the at least one opening, or at least one of the openings of the composite shoe sole, so that where the composite shoe sole is initially weakened in its stability by the openings with the largest possible area, good stabilization of the composite shoe sole is nevertheless ensured by means of the stabilization frame.
  • the at least one opening of the stabilization device has an area of at least 1 cm 2 .
  • an opening surface with at least one opening of at least 5 cm 2 for example, in the range from 8 to 15 cm 2 , or even at least 10 cm 2 , or even at least 20 cm 2 , or even at least 40 cm 2 , is chosen.
  • the stabilization device has at least one stabilization bar that is arranged on at least one surface of the barrier material and at least partially bridges the surface of the at least one opening. If the stabilization device is provided with a stabilization frame, a stabilization bar can be arranged on the stabilization frame.
  • Several stabilization bars can be provided that form a mesh-like structure on at least one surface of the barrier material. Such a mesh structure leads to particularly good stabilization of the composite shoe sole, on the one hand, and also prevents larger foreign objects, such as larger stones or ground elevations, from penetrating up to the barrier material and being felt by the user of the footwear equipped with such a barrier unit.
  • the stabilization device of the barrier unit of the composite shoe sole according to the invention is constructed with at least one thermoplastic material.
  • Thermoplastic materials of the above-mentioned type can be used for this.
  • the stabilization device and the barrier material are at least partially connected to each other, for example, by gluing, welding, molding on or around, or vulcanization on or around.
  • gluing, welding, molding on or around, or vulcanization on or around mostly attaching between the stabilization device and the barrier material occurs on opposite surface areas.
  • molding and vulcanization around mostly peripheral incorporation of the barrier material with the stabilization device occurs.
  • the composite shoe sole is water-permeable.
  • the invention makes available footwear with a composite shoe sole according to the invention that can be constructed according to one or more of the embodiments mentioned above in conjunction with the composite shoe sole.
  • the footwear then has a shaft provided on a shaft-end area on the sole side with a waterproof and water-vapor-permeable shaft-bottom functional layer, whereby the composite shoe sole is connected to the shaft-end area provided with the shaft-bottom functional layer, so that the shaft-bottom functional layer, at least in the area of at least one opening of the composite shoe sole, is not joined to the barrier material.
  • the shaft-bottom functional layer in this footwear according to the invention on the shaft-end area on the sole side and the barrier material in the composite shoe sole according to the invention, leads to several advantages.
  • handling of the shaft-bottom functional layer is brought into the area of shaft production and kept out of the area of production of the composite shoe sole. This takes into account the practice that shaft manufacturers and composite-sole manufactures are often different manufacturers or at least different manufacturing areas, and the shaft manufacturer is usually better set up to handle the functional layer material and its intrinsic problems than shoe-sole manufacturers or composite-shoe-sole manufacturers.
  • the shaft-bottom functional layer and the barrier material if they are not accommodated in the composite itself, but are divided to the shaft-bottom composite and the shoe-sole composite, after attachment of the composite shoe sole to the lower shaft-end area, can be kept essentially unconnected to each other, since their positioning with respect to each other in the finished footwear is brought about by attachment (by gluing on or molding on) of the composite shoe sole onto the lower shaft end. Keeping the shaft-bottom functional layer and the attaching material fully or largely unbonded to each other means that there need be no gluing between them, which would lead to blocking of part of the active area of the functional layer with water-vapor permeability, even during gluing with a spot-like glue.
  • the shaft is constructed with at least one shaft material that has a waterproof shaft functional layer, at least in the area of the shaft-end area on the sole side, whereby, between the shaft functional layer and the shaft-bottom functional layer, a waterproof seal exists.
  • Footwear is then achieved in which the foot[wear] is waterproof, both in the shaft area and in the shaft-bottom area, and at the transition sites between the two, while maintaining water-vapor permeability both in the shaft and shaft-bottom area.
  • the shaft-bottom functional layer is assigned to a water-vapor-permeable shaft-mounting sole, whereby the shaft-bottom functional layer can be part of a multilayer laminate.
  • the shaft-mounting sole can itself also be formed by the shaft-bottom functional layer constructed with the laminate.
  • the shaft-bottom functional layer, and optionally the shaft functional layer can be formed by a waterproof, water-vapor-permeable coating or by a waterproof, water-vapor-permeable membrane, whereby either a microporous membrane or a membrane having no pores can be involved.
  • the membrane has expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE).
  • Appropriate materials for the waterproof, water-vapor-permeable functional layer are polyurethane, polypropylene, and polyester, including polyether esters and laminates thereof, as described in documents U.S. Pat. No. 4,725,418 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,493,870.
  • expanded microporous polytetrafluoroethylene ePTFE
  • expanded polytetrafluoroethylene is particularly preferred, as described, for example, in documents U.S. Pat. No. 3,953,566 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,187,390, and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene provided with hydrophilic impregnation agents and/or hydrophilic layers; see, for example, document U.S. Pat. No. 4,194,041.
  • “Microporous functional layer” is understood to mean a functional layer whose average pore size is between about 0.2 ⁇ m and about 0.3 ⁇ m. The pore size can be measured with the Coulter Porometer (trade name), which is produced by Coulter Electronics Inc., Hialeah, Fla., USA.
  • the invention makes available a method for producing footwear, which, in addition to a water-vapor-permeable composite shoe sole according to the invention, for example, according to one or more of the embodiments mentioned above for the composite shoe sole, has a shaft provided on a shaft-end area on the sole side with a waterproof and water-vapor-permeable shaft-bottom functional layer.
  • the composite shoe sole and the shaft are prepared first.
  • the shaft is provided on the shaft-end area on the sole side with a waterproof and water-vapor-permeable shaft-bottom functional layer.
  • the composite shoe sole and the shaft end area provided on the sole side with the shaft-bottom functional layer are joined to each other, so that the shaft-bottom functional layer remains unconnected to the barrier material, at least in the area of the at least one opening.
  • the shaft-end area on the sole side is closed with the shaft-bottom functional layer.
  • the shaft is provided with a shaft functional layer
  • a waterproof connection is produced between the shaft functional layer and the shaft-bottom functional layer. This leads to footwear that is waterproof and water-vapor-permeable footwear overall.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sketch of a non-woven material, mechanically bonded by needling
  • FIG. 2 also shows a sketch of the non-woven material according to FIG. 1 , after thermal bonding;
  • FIG. 2 a shows a cutout, also as a sketch, at a highly enlarged scale of area IIa of the thermally bonded non-woven material of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 2 b shows a cutout, also in a sketch, with an even more enlarged scale of area IIa, shown in FIG. 2 , of the thermally bonded non-woven material of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a sketch of the thermally bonded non-woven material depicted in FIG. 2 after additional thermal surface compression
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of a composite shoe sole, still without barrier material, showing the opening extending through the thickness of the composite shoe sole.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of a first example of a barrier unit with a stabilization device having a bar and a barrier material accommodated in it.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of another example of a barrier unit with a stabilization device having a bar and a barrier material.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of additional examples of a barrier unit with a stabilization device in the form of at least one bar.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic view of another example of a barrier unit with a stabilization device having a bar and a barrier material.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic view of the composite shoe sole depicted in FIG. 4 with barrier material and a stabilization device, having a bar.
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic view of stabilization bars arranged on the bottom of the barrier material.
  • FIG. 11 Shows a schematic view of a stabilization mesh arranged on the bottom of the barrier material.
  • FIG. 12 shows a perspective oblique view from the bottom of a shoe provided with a composite sole according to the invention.
  • FIG. 13 a shows the shoe depicted in FIG. 12 , but before a composite shoe sole according to the invention is placed on a shaft bottom of the shoe.
  • FIG. 13 b shows the shoe depicted in FIG. 12 , which is provided with another example of a composite sole according to the invention.
  • FIG. 14 shows the composite shoe sole depicted in FIG. 13 a , in a perspective top view.
  • FIG. 15 shows the composite shoe sole depicted in FIG. 14 in an exploded view of its individual components, in an oblique perspective view from the top.
  • FIG. 16 shows the part of the composite shoe sole depicted in FIG. 15 , in a perspective oblique view from the bottom.
  • FIG. 17 shows a forefoot area and a midfoot area of the barrier unit depicted in FIG. 16 , in a perspective oblique view from the top, whereby the stabilization device parts and the barrier material parts are shown separately from each other.
  • FIG. 19 shows the barrier unit part depicted in FIG. 18 , in a view in which the corresponding stabilization-device part and the corresponding barrier-material part are shown separately from each other.
  • FIG. 20 shows a schematic sectional view in the forefoot area through a shaft closed on the shaft-bottom side of a first embodiment, with a composite shoe sole still not positioned on the shaft bottom.
  • FIG. 21 shows a schematic view of another example of the barrier unit with a barrier material and a stabilization bar during selected bonding with a shaft bottom situated above it.
  • FIG. 22 shows a detail view of the shoe structure depicted in FIG. 20 , with a glued-on composite shoe sole.
  • FIG. 23 shows a detail view of the sole structure depicted in FIG. 21 , with a molded-on composite shoe sole.
  • FIG. 24 shows a shoe structure similar to that shown in FIG. 20 , but with a differently constructed shaft bottom, with a composite shoe sole still separated from the shaft.
  • FIG. 25 shows a detail view of the shoe structure depicted in FIG. 24 .
  • FIG. 26 shows a composite sole in another embodiment.
  • FIG. 27 Shows a composite shoe sole in another embodiment.
  • FIGS. 1 through 3 An embodiment of a barrier material particularly suited for a composite shoe sole according to the invention will be initially explained first reference to FIGS. 1 through 3 . Explanations concerning embodiments of a barrier unit according to the invention then follow, with reference to FIGS. 4 through 11 . Embodiments of the footwear according to the invention and composite shoe soles according to the invention will then be explained by means of FIGS. 12 through 27 .
  • the embodiment of the barrier material depicted in FIGS. 1 through 3 consist of a fiber composite 1 in the form of a thermally bonded and thermally surface-bonded non-woven material.
  • This fiber composite 1 consists of two fiber components 2 , 3 , which are each constructed with polyester fibers.
  • a first fiber component 2 which serves as support component of the fiber composite 1 , then has a higher melting point than that of the second fiber component 3 , which serves as bonding component.
  • polyester fibers with a melting point above 180° C. were used for both fiber components.
  • polyester polymers that have different melting points and softening temperatures below them.
  • a polyester polymer with a melting point of about 230° C. was chosen for the first component, whereas a polyester polymer with a melting point of about 200° C. is chosen for at least one fiber part of the second fiber component 3 .
  • the core 4 consists of this fiber component from polyester with a softening temperature of about 230° C. and the shell of this fiber component consists of a polyester with an adhesive softening temperature of about 200° C. ( FIG. 2 b ).
  • Such a fiber component with two fiber parts of different melting points is also referred to as “bico,” for short. This concise term will be used subsequently.
  • the fibers of the two fiber components are both stable fibers with the above-mentioned special properties.
  • the weight fraction of the first fiber component is about 50%.
  • the weight fraction of the second fiber component is also about 50% with respect to the basis weight of the fiber composite.
  • the fineness of the first fiber component is 6.7 dtex, whereas the second fiber component, designed as a bico, has a higher fineness of 4.4 dtex.
  • the fiber components present as staple fibers are first mixed. Several individual layers of this staple fiber mixture are then placed one on top of the other in the form of several individual non-woven layers, until the basis weight sought for the fiber component is reached, in which case a non-woven package is obtained.
  • This non-woven package has only very slight mechanical stability and must therefore pass through a strengthening process.
  • mechanical strengthening of the non-woven package occurs by needling by means of a needle technique in which needle bars arranged in a needle matrix penetrate the non-woven package perpendicular to the plane of extension of the non-woven package. Fibers of the non-woven package are reoriented by this from their original position in the non-woven package, so that balling of the fibers and a more stable mechanical structure of the non-woven package occur.
  • a non-woven material mechanically strengthened by such needling is schematically shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the fiber composite is further treated according to the invention.
  • Thermal energy and pressure are then used.
  • the advantageous composition of the fiber mixture is utilized, in which a temperature is chosen for thermal bonding of the fiber mixture, so that it lies at least in the range of the adhesive softening temperature of the shell of the core-shell bico that melts at a lower melting point, in order to soften it into a viscous state, so that the fiber parts of the first fiber component, which is situated in the vicinity of the softened mass of the shell of the corresponding bico, can be partially incorporated in this viscous mass. Because of this, the two fiber components are permanently bonded to each other without changing the fundamental structure of the non-woven material.
  • the advantageous properties of this non-woven material can also be utilized, especially its good water-vapor permeability combined with a permanent mechanical-stabilization property.
  • FIG. 2 Such a thermally bonded non-woven material is shown schematically in FIG. 2 , in which a detailed view of a cutout on a highly enlarged scale is shown in FIG. 2 a , in which the glue-bonding points between individual fibers are shown by flat black spots, and FIG. 2 b shows an area of the cutout on an even larger scale.
  • thermal surface compression can be performed on at least one surface of the non-woven material by exposing the surface of this non-woven material simultaneously to the effect of pressure and temperature, for example, by means of heating compression plates or compression rollers. The result is even stronger bonding than in the remaining volume of the non-woven material and smoothing of the thermally compressed surface.
  • the longitudinal elongation values and the transverse elongation values show the percentage by which the corresponding material expands when acted upon with a stretching force of 50 N, 100 N, or 150 N.
  • the abrasion strength, called abrasion in the comparison table, is also significant for use of the corresponding material in a composite shoe sole.
  • split sole leather does have high tensile strength, relatively good resistance to stretching forces, and high puncture resistance, but it only has moderate abrasion strength during wet tests, and especially quite moderate water-vapor permeability.
  • the only needle-bonded non-woven materials are relatively light and have high water-vapor permeability in comparison with leather, but they have relatively low stretching resistance in terms of stretching forces, possess only limited puncture resistance, and have only moderate abrasion strength.
  • the needle-bonded and thermally bonded non-woven material (material 4 ), at a lower thickness, has a higher basis weight than materials 2 and 3 , and is therefore more compact.
  • the water-vapor permeability of material 4 is higher than that of material 2 and about as high as that of material 3 , but almost three times as high as that of leather according to material 1 .
  • the longitudinal and transverse elongation resistances of material 4 are much higher than those of non-woven materials 2 and 3 , which are only needle-bonded and the longitudinal and transverse breaking load is also much higher than that of materials 2 and 3 .
  • the puncture resistance and abrasion strength in material 4 are also much higher than in materials 2 and 3 .
  • Material 5 i.e., the needle-bonded, thermally bonded, and non-woven material thermally compressed on one of its surfaces, has a lower thickness than material 4 , because of thermal surface compression with the same basis weight, and therefore takes up less room in a composite shoe sole.
  • the water-vapor permeability of material 5 still lies above that of material 4 .
  • material 5 is also superior to material 4 , since it shows no elongation when longitudinal and transverse elongation forces of 50 N to 150 N are applied.
  • the tensile strength is higher with respect to longitudinal loading and lower with respect to transverse loading than that of material 4 .
  • the puncture resistance is somewhat below that of material 4 , which is caused by the more limited thickness of material 5 .
  • a special superiority compared to all materials 1 to 4 is exhibited by material 5 with respect to abrasion strength.
  • the comparison table therefore shows that when high water-vapor permeability, high shape stability, and therefore a stabilization effect and a high abrasion resistance are required in the material, material 4 , and especially material 5 , are quite particularly suited.
  • the needle-bonded and thermally bonded non-woven material which also has very good stabilization, in one embodiment of the invention is then subjected to hydrophobic finishing, for example, by a dipping process in a liquid that causes hydrophobization, in order to minimize suction effects of the non-woven material.
  • hydrophobic finishing for example, by a dipping process in a liquid that causes hydrophobization, in order to minimize suction effects of the non-woven material.
  • the non-woven material is dried under the influence of heat, whereby the hydrophobic property of the applied finishing is further improved.
  • the non-woven material passes through sizing rollers, whereby the final thickness of, say, 1.5 mm is also set.
  • the non-woven material is then exposed to temperature and pressure again, in order to melt the fiber parts, namely the second fiber component in the shell of the bico on the surface of the non-woven material and to press it against a very smooth surface by means of pressure applied simultaneously.
  • the non-woven material thus produced has high stability against a tearing load and possesses good puncture resistance, which is important when the material is used as a barrier material to protect a membrane.
  • Material 5 represents a first example embodiment of the barrier material used according to the invention, in which both fiber components consist of polyester, both fiber components have a weight percentage of 50% in the total fiber composite, and the second fiber component is a polyester core-shell fiber of the bico type.
  • a barrier material in which both fiber components consist of polyester and have a weight percentage of 50% each in the total fiber composite, and the second fiber component is a bico from polyester of the side-by-side type.
  • the barrier material according to example embodiment 2 is produced in the same way and has the same properties as the barrier material according to example embodiment 1 with a bico fiber of the core-shell type.
  • a barrier material in which both fiber components have a weight percentage of 50% and the first fiber component is a polyester and the second fiber component is a polypropylene.
  • the non-woven material according to example embodiment 3 has lower heat stability, but it can also be produced using lower temperatures.
  • FIGS. 4 through 11 Some example embodiments of a composite shoe sole and a barrier unit and details of it are now considered by means of FIGS. 4 through 11 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a partial cross-section through a composite shoe sole 21 with an underlying outsole 23 and a shoe stabilization device 25 situated above it, before this composite shoe sole 21 is provided with a barrier material.
  • the outsole 23 and the shoe-stabilization device 25 each have openings 27 and 29 , which together form a passage 31 through the total thickness of the composite shoe sole 21 .
  • the passage 31 is therefore formed by the intersection surface of the two passage openings 27 , 29 .
  • a barrier material 33 (not shown in FIG. 4 ) is placed in the passage opening 29 or arranged above it.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of a barrier unit 35 with a piece of barrier material 33 held by a stabilization device 25 .
  • the stabilization device is molded around the peripheral area of the piece of barrier material 33 or molded onto it, so that the material of the stabilization device 25 penetrates into the fiber structure of the barrier material 33 and is cured there and forms a solid composite.
  • thermoplastic polyurethane As a material for molding of the stabilization device or molding onto the stabilization device, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is suitable, which leads to very good enclosure of the barrier material and can be well bonded to it.
  • the barrier material 33 is glued to the stabilization device 25 .
  • the stabilization device 25 preferably has a stabilization frame that stabilizes at least the composite show sole 21 and at least one stabilization bar 37 , which is arranged on a surface of the barrier material 33 .
  • the at least one stabilization bar 37 is preferably arranged on the bottom of the barrier material 33 facing the outsole.
  • FIG. 6 shows a barrier unit 35 , in which a piece of barrier material 33 is enclosed by a stabilization device 25 in the sense that the edge area of the barrier material 33 is not only surrounded by the stabilization device 25 , but also held on both surfaces.
  • FIG. 7 shows a barrier unit 35 , in which a piece of barrier material 33 is provided with a stabilization device 25 in the form of at least one stabilization bar 37 .
  • the stabilization bar 37 is arranged on at least one surface of the barrier material 33 , preferably on the surface facing downward toward the outsole 23 .
  • FIG. 8 shows a barrier unit 35 , in which a piece of barrier material 33 is provided with a stabilization device 25 , so that the barrier material 33 is applied to at least one surface of the stabilization device 25 .
  • the barrier material 33 then covers the passage opening 29 .
  • the stabilization bar 37 is situated within the passage opening 29 of the stabilization device 25 .
  • FIG. 9 shows a composite shoe sole 21 according to FIG. 4 , which has a barrier unit according to FIG. 5 above the outsole 23 , whereby only one stabilization bar 37 is shown.
  • the bonding material during molding on, molding around, or gluing between the barrier material 33 and the stabilization device 25 not only adheres to the surfaces being joined, but also penetrates into the fiber structure and cures there.
  • the fiber structure is therefore additionally strengthened in its joining area.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 Two embodiments of stabilization-bar patterns of stabilization bars 37 applied to a surface of the barrier material 33 are shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 .
  • three individual bars 37 a , 37 b , and 37 c are arranged in a T-shaped mutual arrangement on a circular surface 43 , for example, the bottom of barrier material 33 , which corresponds to a trough hole of the composite shoe sole 21 , for example, by gluing onto the bottom of the barrier material
  • a stabilization-bar device in the form of a stabilization mesh 37 d is provided.
  • Embodiments of shoes designed according to the invention will now explained with reference to FIGS. 12 through 27 , whereby their individual components will also be considered, especially in connection with the corresponding composite shoe sole.
  • FIG. 12 shows, in a perspective oblique view from the bottom, an example embodiment of a shoe 101 according to the invention with a shaft 103 and a composite shoe sole 105 according to the invention.
  • the shoe 101 has a forefoot area 107 , a midfoot area 109 , a heel area 111 , and a foot-insertion opening 113 .
  • the composite shoe sole 105 has a multipart outsole 117 on its bottom, which has an outsole part 117 a in the heel area, an outsole part 117 b in the area of the ball of the foot, and an outsole part 117 c in the toe area of the composite shoe sole 105 .
  • outsole parts 117 are attached to the bottom of a stabilization device 119 , which has a heel area 119 a , a midfoot area 119 b , and a forefoot area 119 c .
  • the composite shoe sole 105 will be further explained in detail with reference to the following diagrams.
  • Additional components of the composite shoe sole 105 can be damping sole parts 121 a and 121 b , which are applied in the heel area 111 and in the forefoot area 107 on the top of the stabilization device 119 .
  • the outsole 117 and the stabilization device 119 have passage openings that form trough holes through the composite shoe sole. These trough holes are covered by barrier materials 33 a - 33 d in a water-vapor-permeable manner.
  • FIG. 13 a shows the shoe 101 according to FIG. 12 in a manufacturing stage in which the shaft 103 and the composite shoe sole 105 are still separate from each other.
  • the shaft 103 is provided on its lower end area on the sole side with a shaft bottom 221 , which has a waterproof, water-vapor-permeable shaft-bottom functional layer, which can be a waterproof, water-vapor-permeable membrane.
  • the functional layer is preferably a component of a multilayer functional-layer laminate that has at least one protective layer, for example, a textile backing, as processing protection, in addition to the functional layer.
  • the shaft bottom 115 can also be provided with a shaft-mounting sole. However, there is also the possibility of assigning the function of shaft-mounting sole to the functional-layer laminate.
  • the composite shoe sole also has the trough holes 31 already mentioned in FIG. 8 , which are covered with barrier-material parts 33 a - 33 d .
  • the bars 37 are shown within the peripheral edge of the corresponding trough holes. In other embodiments, three trough holes, two trough holes, one trough hole can be provided. In another embodiment, more than four trough holes are provided.
  • the composite shoe sole 105 can be attached to the shaft end on the sole side, either by molding on or gluing, in order to produce the state according to FIG. 12 .
  • FIGS. 20 to 25 are referred to.
  • FIG. 13 b shows the same shoe structure as in FIG. 13 a , with the difference that the shoe in FIG. 13 a has four trough holes 31 , whereas the shoe according to FIG. 13 b , is provided with two trough holes 31 .
  • the bars 37 are arranged within the peripheral edge of the corresponding trough hole 31 and do not form a limitation of the trough hole 31 .
  • the surface of a trough hole is determined minus the total surface of the bars bridging it, since this bar surface blocks water-vapor transport.
  • FIG. 14 shows a composite shoe sole 105 with a top lying away from the outsole 117 .
  • the stabilization device 119 is covered in its middle area 119 b and its forefoot area 119 c with several pieces 33 a , 33 b , 33 c , and 33 d of a barrier material 33 , with which trough holes of the composite shoe sole 105 (not visible in FIG. 14 ) are covered.
  • a damping sole part 121 a and 121 b is applied to the top of the stabilization device 119 , essentially over the entire surface in the heel area and with recesses in the forefoot area wherever the barrier material parts 33 b , 33 c and 33 d are situated.
  • the outsole parts of outsole 117 , the stabilization device 119 , and the damping sole parts 121 a and 121 b have different functions within the composite shoe sole, they are appropriately also constructed with different materials.
  • the outsole parts which are supposed to have good abrasion resistance, consist, for example, of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or rubber.
  • Thermoplastic polyurethane is the term for a number of different polyurethanes that can have various properties.
  • a thermoplastic polyurethane can be chosen with high stability and slip resistance.
  • the damping sole parts 121 a and 121 b which are supposed to produce shock absorption during walking movements of the user of the shoe, consist of correspondingly elastically compliant material, for example, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) or polyurethane (PU).
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate
  • PU polyurethane
  • the stabilization device 119 which serves as a holder for the non-coherent outsole parts 117 a , 117 b , 117 c and for the also non-coherent damping sole parts 121 a , 121 b and serves as a stabilization element for the entire composite shoe sole 105 and is supposed to have corresponding elastic rigidity, consists of at least one thermoplastic material.
  • thermoplastic materials are polyethylene, polyamide, polyamide (PA), polyester (PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinylchloride (PVC).
  • Other appropriate materials are rubber, thermoplastic rubber (TR), and polyurethane (PU). Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is also suitable.
  • the composite shoe sole depicted in FIG. 14 is shown in an exploded view in FIG. 15 , i.e., in a view in which the individual parts of the composite shoe sole 105 are shown separately from each other, except for the barrier material parts 33 a , 33 b , 33 c , and 33 d , which are already shown arranged on the stabilization device parts 119 b and 119 c .
  • the stabilization device 119 has its parts 119 a , 119 b , and 119 c as initially separate parts, which are joined together to the stabilization device 119 during assembly of the composite shoe sole 105 , which can occur by welding or gluing of the three stabilization device parts to one another.
  • openings are situated beneath the barrier material parts, which, together with openings 123 a , 123 b , and 123 c in the outsole parts 117 a , 117 b , and 117 c , form trough holes 30 of the type already explained in connection with FIG. 4 , and with which barrier material parts 33 a - 33 d are covered in a water-vapor-permeable manner.
  • a passage opening 125 in the heel part 119 a of the stabilization device 119 is not closed with barrier material 33 , but with the full-surface damping sole part 121 a .
  • a better damping effect of the composite shoe sole 105 in the heel area of the shoe is thereby achieved, where sweat-moisture removal, under some circumstances, can be less required, since foot sweat mostly forms in the forefoot and midfoot areas, but not in the heel area.
  • the damping sole part 121 b is provided with passage openings 127 a , 127 b , and 127 c , which are dimensioned so that the barrier material parts 33 b , 33 c , 33 d can be accommodated within an enclosing limitation edge 129 a , 129 b , or 129 c of the stabilization device part 119 c in passage openings 127 a , 127 b , and 127 c.
  • no damping sole part 121 is proposed.
  • the parts of the stabilization device 119 a , 119 b , and 119 c have a flat surface without a limitation edge 129 a , 129 b , 129 c , so that the barrier material 33 is positioned flush with the surface of the stabilization device in its openings.
  • the composite sole is only formed by the barrier unit, which is constructed from the barrier unit 33 , the stabilization device 119 , and the outsole.
  • the composite shoe sole parts 105 shown in FIG. 15 are shown obliquely in FIG. 16 in an arrangement separate from one another, but in an oblique view from the bottom. It can be seen that the outsole parts 117 a to 117 c are provided in the usual manner with an outsole profile, in order to reduce the danger of slipping.
  • the bottoms of the stabilization device parts 119 a and 119 e on their bottom also have several knob-like protrusions 131 , which serve to accommodate the complementary recesses seen in FIG.
  • Openings 135 a , 135 b , 135 c , and 135 d are also visible in the stabilization device parts 119 b and 119 d in FIG. 16 , which are covered with the corresponding barrier material 33 a , 33 b , 33 c , and 33 d in a water-vapor-permeable manner, so that the trough holes 31 ( FIG. 4 ) of the composite shoe sole 105 are closed in a water-vapor-permeable manner.
  • the barrier materials are arranged so that their smooth surface is directed toward the outsole.
  • the openings 135 a to 135 d are each bridged with a stabilization mesh 137 a , 137 b , 137 c , and 137 e , which form a stabilization structure in the area of the corresponding opening of the stabilization device 119 .
  • These stabilization meshes 137 a - 137 e also act against the penetration of larger foreign objects up to the barrier material 33 or even farther, which could be felt as unpleasant by the user of the shoe.
  • Connection elements 139 provided on the axial ends of the stabilization part 119 b on the midfoot side, must also be mentioned, which, during assembly of the stabilization device 119 from the three stabilization device parts 119 a to 119 c , can lie overlapping on the upper side of the stabilization-device parts 119 a and 119 c facing away from the outsole application side, in order to be attached there, for example, by welding or gluing.
  • FIG. 17 shows, in an enlarged view compared to FIG. 16 , the two stabilization-device parts 119 a and 119 b before attaching to each other, whereby the openings 135 b to 135 d of the stabilization device part 119 c on the forefoot side and the stabilization mesh structure situated in it can be seen in particular.
  • the middle stabilization device part 119 b shows raised frame and mesh parts on the longitudinal sides.
  • the barrier material piece 33 a to be placed on the stabilization device part 119 b is provided on its long sides with correspondingly raised side wings 141 .
  • both the shoe-stabilization part 119 b and the barrier material piece 33 a an adjustment to the shape of the lateral midfoot sides is achieved.
  • the remaining barrier material parts 33 b to 33 d are essentially flat, corresponding to the essentially flat design of the stabilization-device part 119 c on the forefoot side.
  • the at least one opening 135 a - 135 d of the stabilization device 119 b and 119 c is bounded by the frame 147 of the stabilization device 119 and not by the bars 37 present in the openings 135 a - 135 d .
  • the limitation edges 129 a - 129 c depicted in FIG. 17 represent part of the corresponding frame 147 in this embodiment.
  • barrier-material parts 33 b , 33 c , 33 d it is also possible, instead of several barrier-material parts 33 b , 33 c , 33 d , to use a one-piece barrier-material part.
  • the mounting protrusions 150 and/or limitation edges 129 a - 129 c must be configured accordingly.
  • FIGS. 18 and 19 Another modification of the barrier-unit part provided for the midfoot area with the stabilization device part 119 b and the barrier material part 33 a is shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 : in FIG. 18 in the finished mounted state and in FIG. 19 while these two parts are still separate from each other.
  • the stabilization part 119 b provided for the midfoot area is only provided with an opening and a stabilization mesh 137 a situated in it in the middle area, whereas the two wing parts 143 on the long sides of the stabilization device part 119 b are designed to be continuous, i.e., have no opening, but are only provided on their bottom with stabilization ribs 145 .
  • the barrier-material piece 33 a provided for this barrier-unit part is accordingly narrower than in the embodiments of FIGS. 18 to 19 , because it does not require the side wings 141 according to FIG. 17 .
  • FIGS. 20 through 27 show a embodiment of the footwear according to the invention in which the shaft bottom has a shaft-mounting sole and also a functional-layer laminate
  • FIGS. 24 and 25 show a embodiment of footwear according to the invention in which a shaft-bottom functional-layer laminate 237 simultaneously assumes the function of shaft-mounting sole 233 .
  • FIG. 26 shows another embodiment of the composite shoe sole 105 .
  • the shoe 101 in agreement with FIGS. 12 and 13 a - d , has a shaft 103 that has an outer material layer 211 situated on the outside, a liner layer 213 situated on the inside, and a waterproof, water-vapor-permeable shaft functional layer 215 situated in between, for example, in the form of a membrane.
  • the shaft functional layer 215 can be present in connection with the lining layer 213 as a two-ply laminate or as a three-ply laminate, whereby the shaft functional layer 215 is embedded between the liner layer 213 and a textile backing 214 .
  • the upper shaft end 217 is closed or open with respect to the foot-insertion opening 113 ( FIG.
  • the shaft 103 is provided with a shaft bottom 221 , with which the lower end of the shaft 103 on the sole side is closed.
  • the shaft bottom 221 has a shaft-mounting sole 223 , which is connected to the shaft-end area 219 on the sole side, which occurs in the embodiments according to FIGS. 20 through 25 by means of a Strobel seam.
  • a shaft-bottom functional layer laminate 237 is provided, which is arranged beneath the shaft-mounting sole 233 and extends beyond the periphery of the shaft-mounting sole 233 into the shaft-end area 219 on the sole side.
  • the shaft-bottom functional layer laminate 237 can be a three-ply laminate, whereby the shaft-bottom functional layer 248 is embedded between a textile backing and another textile layer. It is also possible to provide the shaft-bottom functional layer 247 with the textile backing only.
  • the outer material layer 211 in the shaft end area 219 on the sole side is shorter than the shaft functional layer 215 , so that a protrusion of the shaft functional layer 215 with respect to the outer material layer 211 is created there and exposes the outer surface of the shaft functional layer 215 .
  • a mesh band 241 or another material that can be penetrated with sealant is arranged between the end 238 of the outer material layer 211 on the sole side and the end 239 of the shaft functional layer 215 on the sole side, the long side of which, facing away from the Strobel seam 237 , is joined by means of a first seam 243 to the end 238 of the outer material layer 211 on the sole side, but not to the shaft functional layer 215 , and whose long side, facing the Strobel seam 235 , is joined by means of Strobel seam 235 to the end 239 of the shaft functional layer 215 on the sole side and to the shaft mounting sole 233 .
  • the mesh band 241 preferably consists of a monofilament material, so that it has no water conductivity.
  • the mesh band is preferably used for molded-on soles. If the composite sole is attached to the shaft by means of glue instead of the mesh band, the end 238 of the outer material layer 211 on the sole side can be attached by means of glue 249 to the lasting-shaft functional-layer laminate ( FIG. 22 ).
  • a sealing material 248 is arranged between the shaft-bottom functional layer 237 and the end 239 of the shaft functional layer 215 on the sole side, by means of which a waterproof connection is produced between the end 239 of the shaft functional layer 215 on the sole side and the peripheral layer 245 of the shaft-bottom functional layer laminate 237 , this seal acting through the mesh band 241 .
  • the mesh-band solution depicted in FIGS. 20 , and 23 to 25 serves to prevent water that runs down or creeps down on the outer material layer 211 , from reaching the Strobel seam 235 and advancing into the shoe interior from there. This is prevented by the fact that the end 238 of the outer material layer 211 on the sole side ends at a spacing from the end 239 of the shaft functional layer 215 on the sole side, which is bridged with the non-water-conducting mesh band 241 , and the sealing material 247 , is provided in the area of the protrusion of the shaft functional layer 215 .
  • the mesh-band solution is known from document EP 0,298,360 B1.
  • mesh-band solution instead of the mesh-band solution, all joining technologies used in the shoe industry for preferably waterproof joining of a shaft to the shaft bottom can be used.
  • the depicted mesh-band solution and the lasting solution in FIG. 2 are example embodiments.
  • the shaft structure depicted in FIG. 24 agrees with the shaft structure shown in FIG. 20 , with the exception that no separate shaft-mounting sole is provided there, but the shaft-bottom functional-layer laminate 237 simultaneously assumes the function of a shaft-mounting sole 233 .
  • the periphery of the shaft-bottom functional layer laminate 237 of the embodiment depicted in FIG. 24 is connected by a Strobel seam 235 to the end 239 on the sole side of the shaft functional layer 215 and the sealing material 248 is applied in the area of the Strobel seam 235 , so that the transition between the end 239 on the sole side of the shaft functional layer 215 and the peripheral area of the shaft-bottom functional-layer laminate 237 is sealed completely, including the Strobel seam 235 .
  • FIGS. 20 and 24 an identically constructed composite show sole 105 can be used, as shown in these two diagrams. Since sectional views of shoes 101 are shown in the forefoot area in FIGS. 20 and 24 , these diagrams are a sectional view of the forefoot area of the composite shoe sole 105 , i.e., a sectional view along an intersection line running across the stabilization unit part 119 c intended for the forefoot area with the barrier material piece 33 c inserted in its openings 135 c.
  • the sectional view of the composite shoe sole 105 accordingly shows the stabilization device part 119 c with its opening 135 c , a bar of the corresponding stabilization mesh 137 c bridging this opening, the outward protruding frame 129 b , the barrier material piece 33 c inserted into the frame 129 b , the damping sole part 121 b on the top side of the stabilization device part 119 c , and the outsole part 117 b on the bottom of the stabilization device part 119 c .
  • the two embodiments of FIGS. 20 to 24 correspond.
  • FIG. 21 shows an example of a barrier unit 35 , in which a piece of barrier material 33 is provided on the bottom with at least one stabilization bar 37 .
  • an adhesive 39 is applied, with which the barrier material 33 is joined to the waterproof, water-vapor-permeable shaft bottom 221 , which is situated above the barrier unit 35 outside the composite shoe sole.
  • the glue 39 is applied in such a way that the shaft bottom 221 is joined to the barrier material 33 wherever no material of the stabilization bar 37 is situated on the bottom of the barrier material 33 . In this way, it is ensured that the water-vapor-permeability function of the shaft bottom 115 is interfered with by glue 39 only where the barrier material 33 cannot permit any water-vapor transport in any case, because of the arrangement of the stabilization bar 37 .
  • FIGS. 22 , 23 , and 25 show, in an enlarged view and as a cutout, these two embodiments with the composite shoe sole 105 applied to the shaft bottom.
  • the shaft-bottom functional layer 247 of the shaft-bottom functional-layer laminate 237 in all embodiments, is preferably a microporous functional layer, for example, made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE).
  • ePTFE expanded polytetrafluoroethylene
  • FIG. 22 shows an embodiment, in which the composite sole 105 according to the invention is attached by means of attaching glue 250 to the shaft bottom.
  • the shaft functional-layer laminate 216 is a three-ply composite with a textile layer 214 , a shaft functional layer 215 , and a lining layer 213 .
  • the end 238 of the outer material layer 211 on the sole side is attached with lasting glue 249 to the shaft functional-layer laminate 216 .
  • the attaching glue 250 is applied superficially to the surface of the composite sole, except for the trough holes 135 and the barrier material 33 arranged in the area of trough holes 135 .
  • the attaching glue 250 penetrates up to and partially into the shaft functional-layer laminate 216 and up to and partially into the edge areas of the shaft-bottom functional layer laminate 237 .
  • FIG. 23 is a view of the shaft structure according to FIG. 20 with a molded-on composite shoe sole.
  • the three-ply shaft-bottom functional-layer laminate 237 is then attached to the shaft mounting sole 233 , so that the textile backing 246 faces the composite sole. This is advantageous, because the sole-molding material 260 penetrates more easily into the thin textile backing and can be anchored there and a firm connection to the shaft-bottom functional layer 237 is created.
  • the barrier unit with the at least one opening 135 in the at least one piece of barrier material 33 is present as a prefabricated unit and is inserted into the injection mold before the molding process.
  • the sole-molding material 260 is molded onto the shaft bottom accordingly, advancing up to the shaft functional-layer laminate 216 through the mesh band 241 .
  • FIG. 25 shows an enlarged and sectional view of FIG. 24 .
  • the composite sole 105 shows an additional embodiment of the barrier unit according to the invention.
  • the shaft-stabilization device 119 c forms a part of the composite sole 105 and does not extend here to the outer periphery of the composite sole 105 .
  • a piece of barrier material 33 c is applied over the opening 135 , so that the material 33 c lies on the peripheral continuous flat limitation edge 130 of opening 135 .
  • the composite sole 105 can be attached to the shaft bottom 221 with attaching glue 250 or molded on with sole-molding material 260 (as shown).
  • FIG. 25 also clearly shows that in the embodiment in which the shaft-bottom functional layer laminate 237 assumes the function of a shaft-mounting sole 233 , the laminate comes to lie directly above the opposite top of the barrier material piece 33 c , which is particularly advantageous.
  • an air cushion that might adversely affect water-vapor removal cannot form between the shaft-bottom functional layer laminate 237 and the barrier material piece 33 c , and the barrier material piece 33 c , and especially the shaft-bottom functional layer 237 , are situated particularly tight against the foot sole of the user of such a shoe, which improves water-vapor removal, which is also determined by the existing temperature gradient between the shoe interior and the shoe exterior.
  • FIG. 26 is a view of another embodiment of the composite sole according to the invention.
  • the perspective view shows several openings 135 in the shoe-stabilization device 119 , which are arranged from the toe area to the heel area of the composite sole.
  • the stabilization material 33 is therefore also present in the heel area.
  • the outsole is formed by the outsole parts 117 .
  • FIG. 27 is a view of another embodiment of the composite sole according to the invention in a cross-sectional view.
  • the composite sole 105 of this embodiment is quite similar to the composite sole depicted in FIG. 24 .
  • the composite sole 105 according to FIG. 27 has an outsole, in which a cross-section through the ball of the foot area of the composite sole 105 and therefore a cross-section through the corresponding outsole part 117 b is shown in this diagram.
  • the disclosure according to FIG. 27 also applies to the other areas of the composite sole 105 , i.e., to its midfoot part and heel part.
  • the outsole part 117 b has a tread 153 that touches the floor during walking.
  • FIG. 27 shows the stabilization-device part 119 c with its opening 135 c , its upward protruding limitation edge 129 b , the barrier material piece 33 c inserted into the limitation edge 129 b , the damping sole part 121 b on the upper side of the stabilization device part 119 c , and the outsole part 117 b on the bottom of the stabilization part 119 c .
  • a support element 151 is applied to the bottom of the barrier material piece 133 c . This extends from the side of the barrier material 33 facing the tread to the level of tread 153 , so that the barrier material 33 is supported on the floor during walking by the support element 151 . This means that a lower free end of the support element 151 in FIG.
  • the barrier material piece 33 c touches this surface when the shoe provided with this composite sole stands on a surface.
  • the support element 151 Through this support by the support element 151 , during walking on such a surface, the barrier material piece 33 c is held essentially in the position depicted in FIG. 27 , so that it is prevented from bending under the load of the user of the shoe.
  • Several support elements 151 can be arranged in opening 135 c , in order to increase the support effect for the barrier material piece 33 c and make its surface extent more uniform.
  • the support function can also be obtained by the fact that the stabilization bar 137 depicted in FIG. 24 is simultaneously formed as the support element 151 by allowing the stabilization bar 137 c not to end at a spacing from the bottom of the outsole part 117 b serving as the tread, but extending it to the level of this bottom.
  • the stabilization bar 137 c is then given the dual function of stabilizing and supporting the barrier-material piece 33 c .
  • the stabilization bars 33 c depicted in FIG. 10 or the stabilization mesh 37 d depicted in FIG. 11 can be formed fully or partially as support elements 151 .
  • a high water-vapor permeability is achieved, because, on the one hand, large-area trough holes in the composite shoe sole 105 are provided and these are closed with material of high water-vapor permeability, and because, at least in the area of the trough holes 31 , there are no connections between the water-vapor-permeable barrier material 33 and the shaft-bottom functional layer 247 that prevent water-vapor exchange, and such a connection is, at most, present in the areas outside the trough holes 31 of the composite shoe sole 105 that do not participate actively in water-vapor exchange, such as the edge areas of the composite shoe sole 105 .
  • the shaft-bottom functional layer 247 is also arranged tightly in the foot, which leads to accelerated water-vapor removal.
  • the shaft-bottom functional-layer laminate 237 can be a multilayer laminate with two, three, or more layers. At least one functional layer is contained with at least one textile support for the functional layer, whereby the functional layer can be formed by a waterproof, water-vapor-permeable membrane 247 , which is preferably microporous.
  • the thickness of the barrier material according to the invention is tested according to DIN ISO 5084 (October/1996).
  • the puncture resistance of the textile fabric can be measured with a measurement method used by the EMPA ([Swiss] Federal Material Testing and Research Institute), using a test device of the Instrom tensile-testing machine (model 4465).
  • a round textile piece 13 cm in diameter is punched out with a punch and attached to a support plate in which there are 17 holes.
  • the force for puncturing the textile piece is measured by means of a measurement sensor (a force sensor). The result is determined from a test of three samples.
  • a functional layer is considered “waterproof,” optionally including the seams provided on the functional layer, when it guarantees a water-penetration pressure of at least 1 ⁇ 10 4 Pa.
  • the functional-layer material preferably guarantees a water penetration pressure of more than 1 ⁇ 10 5 Pa.
  • the water penetration pressure is then measured according to a test method in which distilled water, at 20 ⁇ 2° C., is applied to a sample of 100 cm 2 of the functional layer with increasing pressure. The pressure increase of the water is 60 ⁇ 3 cm H 2 O per minute.
  • the water-penetration pressure corresponds to the pressure at which water first appears on the other side of the sample. Details concerning the procedure are provided in ISO standard 0811 from the year 1981.
  • Whether a shoe is waterproof can be tested, for example, with a centrifugal arrangement of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,329,807.
  • the water-vapor permeability values of the barrier material according to the invention are tested by means of the so-called beaker method according to DIN EN ISO 15496 (September/2004).
  • a functional layer is considered “water-vapor-permeable”, if it has a water-vapor permeability number, Ret, of less than 150 m 1 ⁇ Pa ⁇ W ⁇ 1 .
  • the water-vapor permeability is tested according to the Hohenstein skin model. This test method is described in DIN EN 31092 (February/94) or ISO 11092 (1993).
  • the shoe-bottom structure has a water-vapor permeability (MVTR—moisture vapor transmission rate) in the range from 0.4 g/h to 3 g/h, which can lie in the range from 0.8 g/h to 1.5 g/h and in a practical embodiment, is 1 g/h.
  • MVTR water-vapor permeability
  • the extent of water-vapor permeability of the shoe-bottom structure can be determined with the measurement method documented in EP 0,396,716 B1, which is conceived for measuring the water-vapor permeability of an entire shoe.
  • the measurement method according to EP 0,396,716 B1 can also be used, in which the measurement is made with the measurement layout depicted in FIG. 1 of EP 0,396,716 B1 in two consecutive measurement scenarios, namely once for the shoe with a water-vapor-permeable shoe-bottom structure and another time for an otherwise identical shoe with a water-vapor-impermeable shoe-bottom structure. From the difference between the two measurements, the percentage of water-vapor permeability that is attributed to the water-vapor permeability of the water-vapor-permeable shoe-bottom structure can be determined.
  • abrasion resistance With respect to abrasion resistance, two measurement methods were used for the abrasion measurements to obtain the abrasion values in the comparison table.
  • a Martindale abrasion tester was used (“abrasion carbon” in the table), in which, according to Standard DIN EN ISO 124940-1; -2 (April/1999), the sample being tested is rubbed against sandpaper. Three deviations from the standard are then made: first, sandpaper with grain 180 plus standard foam is tightened in the sample holder. Second, standard felt from the test sample is tightened in the sample table. Third place, the sample is inspected every 700 passes and the sandpaper is changed.
  • Lissajous figures represent a periodically repeating overall picture during a corresponding choice of the ratio of participating frequencies, which consist of individual figures offset relative to each other. Passage through one of these individual figures is referred to as a pass in connection with the abrasion test. In all materials 1 to 5 , it was measured after how many passes the first holes occurred in the corresponding material and the material had therefore been scraped through. In the comparison table, two pass values are found for each of the materials, which were formed from the two abrasion tests with the same material.
  • Hardness according to Shore is understood to mean the resistance to penetration of an object of a specific shape and defined spring force.
  • the Shore hardness is the difference between the numerical value 100 and the penetration depth of the penetration object in mm under the influence of the test force divided by the scale value 0.025 mm.
  • the penetration objects consist of polished, tempered steel.
  • materials with a Shore A hardness >80 are appropriately tested according to Shore D and materials with a Shore D hardness ⁇ 30 according to Shore A.
  • the mechanical protection and resistance to deformation are mostly based on limited elongation of the barrier material.
  • a fiber composite must have at least two fiber components. These components can be fibers (for example, staple fibers), filaments, fiber elements, yarns, strands, etc. Each fiber component consists either of a material or contains at least two different material fractions, one fiber part softening/melting at a lower temperature than the other fiber part (bico).
  • Such bico fibers can have a core-shell structure—a core fiber part enclosed with a shell fiber part here, a side-to-side structure or an island-in-the-sea structure. Such processing and machines are available from Rieter Ingolstadt, Germany and/or Schalfhorst in Mönchengladbach, Germany.
  • the fibers can be simply spun, multifilament, or several torn fibers with frayed ends looped to one another.
  • the fiber components can be distributed uniformly or non-uniformly in the fabric composite.
  • the entire fabric composite must preferably be temperature-stable, but at least to 180° C.
  • a uniform and smooth surface on at least one side of the fiber composite is achieved by means of pressure and temperature. This smooth surface points “downward” to the ground/floor, so that a situation is achieved in which particles/foreign objects bounce off the smooth surface better or are repelled more simply.
  • the properties of the surface or overall structure of the fiber composite or stabilization material depend on the selected fibers, the temperature, the pressure, and the period over which the fiber composite was exposed to temperature and pressure.
  • the fibers are laid on a conveyor belt and tangled.
  • a fabric produced with warp and weft threads A fabric produced with warp and weft threads.
  • the melting point is the temperature at which the fiber component or fiber part becomes liquid. Melting point is understood, in the field of polymer or fiber structures, to mean a narrow temperature range in which the crystalline areas of the polymer or fiber structure melt and the polymer converts to a liquid state. It lies above the softening temperature range and is a significant quantity for partially crystallized polymers. Molten means the change of state of aggregation of a fiber or parts of a fiber at a characteristic temperature from solid to viscous/free-flowing.
  • the second fiber component of the second fiber part must only become soft/plastic, but not liquid. This means the softening temperature used lies below the melting point at which the components/fractions flow.
  • the fiber component or parts of it are preferably softened, so that the more temperature-stable component is embedded or incorporated in the softened parts.
  • the first softening temperature range of the first fiber component lies higher than the second softening temperature range of the second fiber component or the second fiber part of the second fiber component.
  • the lower limit of the first softening range can lie below the upper limit of the second softening temperature range.
  • the adhesive softening temperature can also be chosen in such a way that softening of the fibers of the second fiber component occurs to an extent that gluing develops not only of fibers of the second fiber component to one another, but also partial or full enclosure of the individual sites of the fibers of the first fiber composite with softened material of the fibers of the second fiber composite occurs, i.e., partial or full embedding of those sites of the fibers in the first fiber composite in the material of the fibers of the second fiber component, so that a correspondingly increased stabilization bonding of the fiber composite is produced.
  • the barrier material must be temperature-stable for molding. The same applies to molding (about 170° C.-180° C.) or vulcanization of the shoe sole. If the stabilization device is to be molded-on, the barrier material must have a structure such that the stabilization device can at least penetrate into the structure of the barrier material, or optionally penetrate through it.
  • the shaft-bottom functional layer, and optionally the shaft functional layer can be formed by a waterproof, water-vapor-permeable coating or a waterproof, water-vapor-permeable membrane, which can either be a microporous membrane or a membrane having no pores.
  • the membrane is expanded polytetrfluoroethylene (ePTFE).
  • Appropriate materials for a waterproof, water-vapor-permeable functional layer include: polyurethane, polypropylene, polyester, including polyether-ester, and laminates thereof, as described in documents U.S. Pat. No. 4,725,418 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,493,870.
  • expanded microporous polytetrafluoroethylene ePTFE
  • ePTFE expanded microporous polytetrafluoroethylene
  • a “microporous functional layer” is understood to mean a functional layer whose average pore size lies between about 0.2 ⁇ m and about 0.3 ⁇ m.
  • the pore size can be measured with a Coulter Porometer (trade name), which is produced by Coulter Electronics, Inc., Hialeah, Fla., USA.
  • the barrier unit is formed by the barrier material, and optionally by the stabilization device in the form of at least one bar and/or frame.
  • the barrier unit can be present in the form of a prefabricated component.
  • a composite shoe sole consists of barrier material and at least one stabilization device and at least one outsole, as well as optionally additional sole layers, whereby the barrier material closes at least a trough hole extending through the thickness of the composite shoe sole.
  • a trough hole is an area of the composite shoe sole, through which water-vapor transport is possible.
  • the outsole and the stabilization devices each have passage openings that overall form a trough hole through the entire thickness of the composite shoe sole.
  • the trough hole is therefore formed by the intersection surface of the two passage openings. Any bars present are arranged within the peripheral edge of the corresponding trough hole and do not form a limitation of the trough hole.
  • the area of the trough hole is determined by subtracting the area of all bridging bars, since these bar surfaces block water-vapor transport and therefore do not represent trough hole surfaces.
  • the stabilization device acts as additional stabilization of the barrier material and is formed and applied to the barrier material in such a way that the water-vapor permeability of the barrier material is only slightly influenced, if at all. This is achieved by the fact that only a small area of the barrier material is covered by the stabilization device.
  • the stabilization device is preferably directed downward toward the floor.
  • the stabilization device is primarily assigned not a protective function, but a stabilization function.
  • the at least one opening of the stabilization device is bounded by its at least one frame.
  • the area of an opening is determined by subtracting the area of all bridging bars.
  • a foot covering consisting of a composite shoe sole and a closed upper (shaft).
  • the shoe bottom includes all layers beneath the foot.
  • Thermal activation occurs by exposing the fiber composite to energy, which leads to an increase in temperature of the material to the softening temperature range.
  • a composite shoe sole is tested according to the centrifuge arrangement of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,329,807. Before testing, it must be ensured that any shaft-bottom functional layer present is made water-permeable. A water-permeable composite shoe sole is assumed if this test is not passed. If necessary, the test is conducted with a colored liquid, in order to show the path of electricity through the composite shoe sole.
  • Laminate is a composite consisting of a waterproof, water-vapor-permeable functional layer with at least one textile layer.
  • the at least one textile layer also called a backing, primarily serves to protect the functional layer during processing.
  • a three-ply laminate consists of a waterproof, water-vapor-permeable functional layer embedded between two textile layers, spot-gluing being applied between these layers.
  • a functional layer is considered “waterproof,” optionally including seams provided on the functional layer, if it guarantees a water-penetration pressure of at least 1 ⁇ 10 4 Pa.
  • top of the composite shoe sole is understood to mean the surface of the composite shoe sole that lies opposite the shaft bottom.
  • Outsole is understood to mean the part of the composite shoe sole that touches the floor/ground or produces the main contact with the floor/ground.

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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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US12/281,527 2006-03-03 2007-03-02 Composite Shoe Sole, Footwear Constituted Thereof and Method for Producing the Same Abandoned US20090172971A1 (en)

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DE102006010007.7 2006-03-03
DE102006010007A DE102006010007A1 (de) 2006-03-03 2006-03-03 Schuhsohlenverbund und damit aufgebautes Schuhwerk
DE202007000667U DE202007000667U1 (de) 2006-03-03 2007-01-17 Wasserdampfdurchlässiger Schuhsohlenverbund
DE202007000667.5 2007-01-17
PCT/EP2007/001821 WO2007101625A1 (de) 2006-03-03 2007-03-02 Schuhsohlenverbund, damit aufgebautes schuhwerk und verfahren zu dessen herstellung

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US15/138,336 Active US9687041B2 (en) 2006-03-03 2016-04-26 Composite shoe sole, footwear constituted thereof and method for producing the same

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