US20090025027A1 - Systems & methods for allocating bandwidth in switched digital video systems based on interest - Google Patents

Systems & methods for allocating bandwidth in switched digital video systems based on interest Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090025027A1
US20090025027A1 US11/880,448 US88044807A US2009025027A1 US 20090025027 A1 US20090025027 A1 US 20090025027A1 US 88044807 A US88044807 A US 88044807A US 2009025027 A1 US2009025027 A1 US 2009025027A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
channel
interest
sdv
requested
bandwidth
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US11/880,448
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English (en)
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Michael Craner
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GuideWorks LLC
Adeia Guides Inc
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Individual
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Priority to US11/880,448 priority Critical patent/US20090025027A1/en
Priority to JP2010516981A priority patent/JP5282090B2/ja
Priority to KR1020107003254A priority patent/KR101587663B1/ko
Priority to EP08768860A priority patent/EP2186336A2/fr
Priority to CA3109127A priority patent/CA3109127A1/fr
Priority to PCT/US2008/008233 priority patent/WO2009014593A2/fr
Priority to CN201110303784.1A priority patent/CN102572528B/zh
Priority to AU2008279824A priority patent/AU2008279824C1/en
Priority to CA2693891A priority patent/CA2693891C/fr
Priority to CA3021825A priority patent/CA3021825C/fr
Priority to CN200880107702A priority patent/CN101803380A/zh
Priority to MX2010000845A priority patent/MX2010000845A/es
Priority to EP11005400A priority patent/EP2410739A3/fr
Priority to KR1020137017178A priority patent/KR20130082184A/ko
Publication of US20090025027A1 publication Critical patent/US20090025027A1/en
Assigned to ROVI GUIDES, INC. reassignment ROVI GUIDES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GUIDEWORKS, LLC
Assigned to GUIDEWORKS, LLC reassignment GUIDEWORKS, LLC NUNC PRO TUNC ASSIGNMENT (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CRANER, MICHAEL L.
Priority to US13/207,390 priority patent/US8627389B2/en
Assigned to JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT reassignment JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: APTIV DIGITAL, INC., A DELAWARE CORPORATION, GEMSTAR DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, A CALIFORNIA CORPORATION, INDEX SYSTEMS INC, A BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS COMPANY, ROVI CORPORATION, A DELAWARE CORPORATION, ROVI GUIDES, INC., A DELAWARE CORPORATION, ROVI SOLUTIONS CORPORATION, A DELAWARE CORPORATION, ROVI TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION, A DELAWARE CORPORATION, STARSIGHT TELECAST, INC., A CALIFORNIA CORPORATION, UNITED VIDEO PROPERTIES, INC., A DELAWARE CORPORATION
Priority to JP2011265148A priority patent/JP2012050145A/ja
Priority to US14/148,283 priority patent/US9516367B2/en
Assigned to UNITED VIDEO PROPERTIES, INC., GEMSTAR DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, STARSIGHT TELECAST, INC., INDEX SYSTEMS INC., TV GUIDE INTERNATIONAL, INC., ALL MEDIA GUIDE, LLC, APTIV DIGITAL, INC., ROVI CORPORATION, ROVI TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION, ROVI SOLUTIONS CORPORATION, ROVI GUIDES, INC. reassignment UNITED VIDEO PROPERTIES, INC. PATENT RELEASE Assignors: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS COLLATERAL AGENT
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Definitions

  • This invention relates to video distribution systems and more specifically switched digital video (SDV) technologies for improving the utilization of available bandwidth on these distribution systems.
  • SDV switched digital video
  • SDV systems allocate channels to available bandwidth. Switched channels are assigned to available frequencies as they are requested.
  • Today's SDV systems are typically designed with the assumption that the number of channels being requested will not exceed the available bandwidth. Thus, bandwidth constraints do not generally result in users being blocked from accessing channels they request.
  • bandwidth constraints do not generally result in users being blocked from accessing channels they request.
  • video distribution systems evolve, however, the growing number of media sources and end-users may render this assumption invalid, as the probability that the interest for sources will exceed the amount of available bandwidth will increase.
  • systems and methods are provided for considering the interest for channels before allocation so that at any given time the channels with the greatest number of requesters are given preference in being allocated to the available bandwidth.
  • interest before allocation only channels that have met a minimum threshold of requesters are made available, keeping bandwidth available for the most requested channels.
  • systems and methods are provided for considering the interest of each allocated channel following allocation so that at any time a channel with very few users may be de-allocated from the bandwidth to make room for another channel with a relatively larger number of requesters.
  • a channel-interest manager considers the relative priority of a requested channel before allocating it to bandwidth.
  • the channel-interest manager operates between the SDV server and an SDV client running on a user's equipment (e.g., set-top box, hereinafter “STB”).
  • STB set-top box
  • the channel-interest manager calculates the priority of a currently unallocated channel and determines whether that channel should be allocated, at least in part as a function of the interest for that channel relative to other channels in the system.
  • the channel-interest manager may be any combination of hardware and software suitable for this purpose (e.g., one or more processors, memory, storage, etc., where the processors are programmed with suitable programming logic to perform the functions of the channel-interest manager).
  • the channel-interest manager may be implemented on a stand alone server, co-hosted on a server with other applications, or integrated as part of another system application (e.g., the SDV manager) and operate cooperatively or as part of a system or SDV policy manager which considers other characteristics of the system in making dynamic decisions on which channels to allocate.
  • another system application e.g., the SDV manager
  • the channel-interest manager allocates the requested channel to available bandwidth if it meets the interest threshold and there is sufficient bandwidth available. If there is insufficient bandwidth, the channel-interest manager allocates the requested channel (after de-allocating or “bumping” another channel) if the requested channel meets the interest threshold and has a greater interest relative to other allocated channels.
  • the channel-interest manager may determine that interest for a channel exceeds the interest threshold using any suitable approach.
  • a request for an SDV channel is counted when a requester “parks” on it by tuning to it in an attempt to watch it and waiting until a channel is switched in.
  • the channel-interest manager may decrement a request count when a requester tunes away.
  • the channel-interest manager may also tag a requester who tunes away as “previously interested” so that when the channel is allocated at some future time, the “previously interested” requester may be notified.
  • requests are counted when a requester “votes” for the channel's allocation in advance of the scheduled time for the programming (e.g., such as by scheduling a reminder or a recording for a program).
  • feedback may be provided to the requester as to likelihood of channel allocation.
  • the feedback can be used with an inter-active feature to give the requester the option to wait longer for possible allocation, or to tell the manager he or she is no longer interested.
  • the allocation can also occur automatically with no interaction with the user.
  • the channel-interest manager is made aware of program boundaries on switched channels. With this information, the channel-interest manager may determine that voting or parking by users on a channel at a particular timeframe represents interest in the content that is scheduled for that channel at the given timeframe (e.g., the start of the program).
  • Delays may occur in the allocation of the channel as a result of the voting and/or parking interest for the channel remaining below the threshold for the allocation of the channel. These delays might normally result in the users missing the beginning of the programming on the channel.
  • the channel interest manager when the channel interest manager detects that the channel interest for a channel may actually be a channel interest for a program beginning on that channel at a particular time but that the allocation may involve delays beyond that particular timeframe, it may buffer the channel for the users.
  • Such buffering may be accomplished by the channel-interest manager routing the channel content to a channel buffering subsystem until such time as the channel becomes available.
  • users may then be presented with the options of (a) joining the program in progress and missing the beginning or (b) watching the program from the beginning (e.g., similar to a start-over function).
  • the program is watched in real time, it's viewing may run beyond the beginning of the next program scheduled on this or another channel and this may be undesirable to the user. Therefore, in some embodiments, an option of watching the program in faster than real time is provided, or alternatively an option of skipping through some portions of the program may be enabled.
  • Audio may be pitch controlled (e.g., by means of an audio processing technique such as the complex cepstrum) to maintain as close to the original pitch as the real-time playback while allowing the audio to be sped up in synchronization with the video.
  • the SDV client may offer the requester advertisements while the requester waits for allocation of bandwidth for a channel.
  • a delayed allocation is anticipated, a flexible number of advertisements or “filler” programming is provided (e.g., locally stored on a user's hard drive) and programs are pre-edited so they occupy less than the full time slot to accommodate these additional up-front advertisements or filler without loss of meaningful content (e.g., the conclusion to a detective program).
  • the channel-interest manager may allocate bandwidth for the channel using any suitable approach.
  • a requested switched channel (or a previously switched in channel) may be degraded to a version that requires less bandwidth (e.g., SD rather than HD) before allocation is made.
  • requested channels meeting the interest threshold may “bump” a previously allocated channel with lower relative interest.
  • the channel-interest manager may consider various “bump parameters” before de-allocating a channel. For example, the channel-interest manager may compare how long an allocated channel has been allocated with a “no-bump” threshold time and decide not to bump a program that might otherwise have been bumped if not for the fact that the program's allocation time exceeded this no-bump threshold and its de-allocation might be particularly disruptive to a viewer.
  • a no-bump threshold might be, for example, ten minutes, or long enough for a watcher to become somewhat involved in the program he/she is watching.
  • the channel-interest manager may work with a revenue manager and/or a trend manager and the interest may be considered in light of revenue impacts and trends before a channel is de-allocated.
  • a revenue manager is software and/or hardware (e.g., one or more processors, memory, storage, etc., where the processors are programmed with suitable programming logic to perform the functions of the revenue manager) that compares the revenue potential (e.g., as a result of associated advertisement or pay-per-view fees) of the previously allocated channel to a requested channel before deciding whether or not to de-allocate the previously allocated channel.
  • a trend manager is software and/or hardware (e.g., one or more processors, memory, storage, etc., where the processors are programmed with suitable logic to perform the functions of the trend manager) that measures the previously allocated channel's viewer activity over time before de-allocation. For example, if several users have tuned away from a channel at a given time it could just be because a commercial is present at that time, rather than an indication of waning interest. The number of users currently tuned at any given instant might not be an accurate indication of interest in such a scenario, and de-allocation of the channel would not be desirable or appropriate unless the general trend was moving in the direction of waning viewership over time.
  • a trend manager and a channel-interest manager may de-allocate a first channel relative to another if the viewership of the first channel is below the other channel, however, when a revenue manager is employed, it may bring into consideration the revenue associated with viewership of the first channel as well. So, for example, if the first channel has advertisement spots that paid the video service provider twice per viewer what the advertisement spots on the other channel paid, it may be worth maintaining the allocation of the first channel until viewership of the first channel dropped below half viewership of the other channel.
  • the trend manager would be invoked to insure that the maximized revenue trend is likely to be sustained.
  • the interest management system may offer a requester, or a bumped-user, one or more options when a channel is not allocated immediately upon request.
  • a requester may be provided with the option to watch the unavailable program as a pay-per-view program.
  • the SDV channel may then temporarily be provided as a VOD stream and the user may be charged.
  • the requester may be provided the option to set up a recording to record the program if it becomes available at a later time on a broadcast channel or via a switched channel at a time (e.g., early morning) when demand for bandwidth may have decreased.
  • the requester or bumped-user may be provided with an option to watch related content.
  • the requester may be provided with an option to watch content that is popular at the moment. This feature may be extended in some embodiments to notify all users when a particular channel is extremely popular at any given time (e.g., breaking news).
  • the channel-interest manager detects program overruns or other last minute scheduling changes associated with programs on non-SDV channels (e.g., broadcast channels). The channel-interest manager may then compare the number of viewers interested in watching these program overruns with the number of viewers interested in watching the regularly scheduled programming for those channels. This statistic may then be sent to the video service provider for consideration before determining which program to allocate to its regularly allocated broadcast bandwidth and which to make optionally available (subject to interest and available bandwidth) on its switched bandwidth allocation. The program not chosen for the regular broadcast bandwidth may be provided via SDV if the interest threshold is met.
  • non-SDV channels e.g., broadcast channels.
  • the interest management system may cause a message to be displayed to a user via the on-screen display of a video terminal (e.g., STB) providing the user with the option to continue to watch the currently watched program or watch “House.” Then, depending on interest, the user may be switched (seamlessly or not) to a channel where he can either watch the continuation of the overrun game or the episode of “House.” In some embodiments, an option may also be provided (e.g., on a dual tuner STB) to record the program that is not watched.
  • a video terminal e.g., STB
  • an option may also be provided (e.g., on a dual tuner STB) to record the program that is not watched.
  • the overrun may not be made available at all and this fact may be provided to the potential watchers.
  • channels of the SDV system are assigned to tiers. For example, there may be one SDV premium tier and discount tiers 1 , 2 , 3 , etc. Lower tiers may, for example, be associated with a larger tune delay (all the way to not available) and a lower probability of being allocated.
  • the channel-interest manager may also allocate bandwidth for a program in a mixed-service system as a function of one channel's interest relative to another's and in some embodiments, additionally, the impact on revenue. For example, the channel-interest manager may consider the relative priority of VOD and SDV by considering the interest and revenue potential of each. In this way, VOD and SDV are competing for the same bandwidth and when no bandwidth is left, one channel must be blocked. In this example, the channel-interest manager allocates the bandwidth to the channel with the higher priority based on interest and revenue potential with the interest “registered” in advance by any of the mechanisms discussed thus far, including trending of advance requests to watch a particular program, consideration of trends for related programs or channels, consideration of the trend of users who watch a channel through program changes, etc.
  • Emergency Alerts may be provided using a switched channel. This makes a good deal of sense given that Emergency Alerts are few and far between and it is thus wasteful to allocate a full channel to emergency alert when it is rarely watched.
  • emergency alerts are always assumed to be on non-switched channels because of their importance and because of the classical way in which emergency alert are handled in video distribution systems such as Cable systems.
  • blocking probability is inversely proportional to the interest for a channel during a given window of time (e.g., the “interest assessment interval”).
  • the EAS switched channel is treated as a special case by a STB wherein requests for it are delayed by a random backoff before being sent to the SDV server.
  • all force tunes are treated with a random backoff before request in anticipation of these force tunes being sent to multiple terminals concurrently.
  • a flag is sent with a force tune to indicate that it is a broadcast or groupcast force tune and therefore should result in a random backoff before the channel is requested.
  • the channel-interest manager receives numerous requests that exceed the interest threshold, the EAS channel is then allocated to bandwidth that is ordinarily free for other channels absent an emergency.
  • the EAS channel tuning information may be stored in a carousel data feed with a time to live of infinity (as a special mechanism only used for EAS) so that it persists in the carousel feed as an “active” channel and does not require a server response of which frequency and program number to use to tune the channel.
  • emergency alert channel tuning can be very fast.
  • the EAS channel is listed as active in the carousel, it may not actually be allocated to the bandwidth until the alert is active. This embodiment involves notification of the server of the alert event, in which case the server switches the appropriate EAS program into the carouseled frequency and program number.
  • the purpose of having the channel listed in the carousel is so that the STBs will know where to tune very quickly without having to request the channel from the server.
  • the EAS channel is typically “hidden” from the user.
  • the frequency and program number that is “reserved” for EAS may actually be in use for a “visible” channel.
  • a hidden virtual channel number and a specific frequency and program number may be set aside for EAS.
  • frequency 550 , program # 3 and an infrequently watched channel such as “the muppets channel” may be allocated to virtual channel 53 , frequency 550 , program # 2 , the virtual channel number 53 being visible to the user.
  • the channel-interest manager primarily with respect to single-tuner STBs. However, it is anticipated that the manager will function similarly with respect to multiple-tuner STBs and STBs with the ability to handle multiple channels per tuner (e.g., multiple IP stream-based video/audio services or multiple channels within a multiple-service transport multiplex).
  • multiple channels per tuner e.g., multiple IP stream-based video/audio services or multiple channels within a multiple-service transport multiplex.
  • a multiple-tuner STB includes multiple tuners each with at least one associated decoder. Such a STB can tune to more than one channel at a time.
  • a dual-tuner STB for example, can tune to two frequencies simultaneously. Each tuner can extract a program from the multiplex it finds at its tuned frequency and an associated decoder can be used to decode the program. Thus, a dual tuner STB may be able to tune, extract, decode, and display two programs from two channels simultaneously. Note that the frequency and program number tuned by one tuner may be the same or different than the frequency or program number tuned by the other tuner.
  • the channel-interest manager may receive and manage requests and interest on a per-tuner basis instead of on a per-STB basis.
  • a single STB may meet that threshold of two by attempting to tune to the channel with both tuners.
  • two STBs, each STB tuned with one tuner to channel A, for example, and each STB tuned with the other tuner to channel B, for example, may result in an interest of two being logged for each of channels A and B at the channel-interest manager.
  • both a tuner identifier and a STB identifier may be sent in the channel-request message from the STB to the channel-interest manager.
  • there are multiple decoders available to each tuner So, for example, such a STB with only a single tuner decodes and displays more than one channel at a time.
  • the channel-interest manager may receive and manage requests and interest on a per-decoder basis instead of on a per-STB or per-tuner basis.
  • a threshold of two set for a channel it may be possible for a single-tuner STB with a concurrent decode capability of two decoders to meet that threshold by attempting to decode the same program from the same frequency using both decoders to the channel with both tuners.
  • a decoder identifier in addition to a STB identifier, and perhaps a tuner identifier may be sent in the channel-request message from the STB to the channel-interest manager.
  • IP-video based STBs including those which conform to the DOCSIS standard as well as those that utilize fiber to the curb or fiber to the home technology, typically are of the latter type of system which involve having multiple decoders per tuner.
  • the tuner may be replaced with the appropriate fiber optic receiver and switching circuitry.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of an illustrative switched digital video system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an illustrative method for allocating bandwidth after first considering interest in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an illustrative method for providing options to a requester when a channel is not available in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an illustrative method for allocating bandwidth based on interest when a currently-allocated channel fails due to failed QAM in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an illustrative method for de-allocating a relatively less requested channel in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an illustrative method for considering parameters before de-allocating a channel in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an illustrative method for degrading channels when bandwidth is becoming scarce in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart of an illustrative method for detecting allocated program overruns and providing options based on interest in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 9A-9P show illustrative interactive media guidance application menu display screens in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an illustrative switched digital video system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • services and related content flow from sources 111 on the left, to user's set-top boxes (STBs) 105 on the right.
  • Sources 111 may be any suitable combination of hardware and software for providing the indicated services to edge device 110 via network 109 .
  • Source 112 provides: data and voice services (e.g., via modular cable modem termination system (M-CMTS) 112 which provides IP services over cable according to the data over cable system interface specifications (DOCSIS) published by CableLabs at www.cablelabs.com) such as video over IP and voice over IP (VOIP) services.
  • M-CMTS modular cable modem termination system
  • DOCSIS data over cable system interface specifications
  • VOIP voice over IP
  • Source 113 provides video for a video-rich-navigation (VRN) based interactive program guide (VRN guides are described in, for example, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/395,380, filed Mar. 30, 2006, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety).
  • Source 114 provides television channels as video streams for a switched digital video service.
  • Source 115 provides video streams for a video-on-demand service. This list of sources is illustrative and it should be understood that any suitable services 111 may be included in the switched digital video system (e.g., Internet services).
  • Sources 111 - 115 modulate and packetize their services for transmission over network 109 to edge device 110 .
  • Network 109 may be, for example, a gigabit Ethernet network, and sources 111 - 115 may provide their services via TCP/IP and Ethernet and may include use of MPEG transport protocol.
  • Edge device 110 e.g., a Harmonic NGS9000 edge-QAM manufactured by Harmonic Corporation of Sunnyvale, Calif.
  • Each modulator e.g., quadrature amplitude modulators
  • a 256-QAM modulator will accept multiple digital transport streams (comprising a multiplex of approximately 45 Mbps) and modulate it to fit within an analog bandwidth of 6 MHz on a cable plant.
  • Edge device 110 receives the services from network 109 and, under the control of edge resource manager (ERM) 108 , allocates portions of modulators to the services. For example, edge device 110 may receive a command from ERM 108 to connect to a 3 Mbps service from network 109 that originated from a broadcast program source feeding SDV block 114 . It may then allocate a program within one of its internal 256-QAM modulators.
  • ERP edge resource manager
  • Edge device 110 may allocate a portion of a given QAM to VOD 115 , instead of VRN 113 , depending on the instructions from ERM 108 . Or, edge device 110 may allocate QAMs (or not) among different channels of the SDV service 114 . In this regard, QAMs may be shared flexibly and dynamically across services, or allocated in a fixed manner to specific SDV channels. For example, in a given configuration, four QAMs of an eight QAM edge device may be allocated to switched channels, two to VOD, one to cable modem, and one to VRN.
  • Edge device 110 allocates and de-allocates QAMs under the control of ERM 108 .
  • ERM 108 may be any suitable combination of hardware and software for performing its features described herein. For example, it may include control circuitry having include one or more processors (e.g., MIPs and/or Motorola 68000 family processors), memory (e.g., RAM, ROM, flash memory, and hard disks), communications circuitry, and any other suitable components for providing its features described herein.
  • ERM 108 activates a controllable switch in network 109 (not shown) between network 109 and edge device 110 to direct what services (or portions of services) are coupled to the inputs of edge device 110 .
  • ERM 108 instructs edge device 110 to QAM modulate an input signal onto a carrier frequency.
  • ERM 108 may specify a QAM and track what services or channels are modulated on given QAMs (e.g., using a lookup table), or may simply instruct edge device 110 to allocate a given input and edge device 110 returns the carrier frequency and program number.
  • ERM 108 typically informs switched-services session manager (session manager) 101 of the carrier frequency and program number where the channel can be found. The session manager 101 in turn inserts this information into the active channels list in carousel data feed 106 .
  • Carousel data feed 106 acts as a quick-lookup channel map for set-top boxes 105 .
  • Carousel 106 may be transmitted in-band with, or out-of-band from, the other channels and/or services on a cable plant.
  • Edge device 110 modulates services and channels and transmits them to STBs 105 of a plurality of subscribers over, for example, an analog or digital cable plant or via an analog or digital terrestrial broadcast system.
  • FIG. 1 shows only the embodiment where edge device 110 transmits the channels and/or services over a single path 116 .
  • Path 116 may be a standard hybrid fiber/coax path, full fiber path or satellite, or other high speed data path.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • STBs 105 include switched digital video clients 107 .
  • clients 107 communicate with an interactive media guidance application also implemented on the STBs 105 , such as an interactive television program guide, via a suitable application programming interface (the guide application is not shown to avoid over-cluttering the figure).
  • the interactive media guidance application includes switched digital video functionality.
  • client 107 runs on STB 105
  • any equipment suitable for accessing SDV may be used.
  • STB 105 may be any suitable settop such as, for example, a DCT 2000, 2500, 5100, 6208 or 6412 set-top box provided by Motorola, Inc.
  • the STB 105 may include any suitable control circuitry, display circuitry, communications circuitry, memory, etc.
  • the control circuitry may include one or more tuners (e.g., analog or digital tuners), encoders and decoders (e.g., MPEG encoders and decoders), processors (e.g., MIPs and/or Motorola 68000 family processors), memory (e.g., RAM, ROM, flash memory, and hard disks), communications circuitry (e.g., cable modem and ATSC 256QAM receiver circuitry), input/output circuitry (e.g., graphics circuitry), and any other suitable components for providing analog or digital television programming in an SDV system.
  • tuners e.g., analog or digital tuners
  • encoders and decoders e.g., MPEG encoders and decoders
  • processors e.g., MIPs and/or Motorola 68000 family processors
  • memory e.g., RAM, ROM, flash memory, and
  • a display device such as a television, and a remote control, may be coupled to STB 105 to display various displays and receive user inputs.
  • the operation of control and other circuitry in a STB is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the control circuitry is adapted to receive user input from input device 108 , execute the instructions of client 107 (using suitable microprocessors, memory, etc.), execute the instructions of any other interactive applications (e.g., an interactive television program guide), and direct the display circuitry to generate a display.
  • client 107 detects a user channel/service change and determines whether the desired channel or service is currently allocated by examining carousel 106 .
  • a user may indicate a desire to change channels by, for example, tuning using arrow keys on a remote, entering a channel number on a remote, or using any suitable interactive media guidance function that allows the user to select a program or source.
  • a user may indicate a desire to change services by, for example, linking to a VOD service from a television channel, or accessing a service via the interactive media guidance application.
  • carousel 106 is not used or only used under some circumstances.
  • client 107 will first check the carousel when it desires to tune to a channel to see if it has already been allocated. If a channel has not already been allocated, client 107 issues a request to switched-services session manager 101 for the frequency of the QAM and program number within that QAM frequency where the channel or service may be found.
  • session manager 101 determines whether there is sufficient bandwidth and/or interest for the requested channel. In response to determining if sufficient interest exists, session manager 101 instructs ERM 108 to allocate bandwidth for the channel and, if necessary, to first de-allocate another channel or service to free-up the required bandwidth.
  • a channel-interest manager 102 which determines the interest for different channels and services, is embedded within switched-services session manager 101 .
  • Channel-interest manager 102 can work alone, or in cooperation with revenue manager 103 , which assigns priority based on potential revenue of each channel or service that may be allocated or potential loss associated with each channel that may be deallocated, and trend manager 104 , which considers viewer trends to determine if viewers are active.
  • Channel-interest manager 102 may be any suitable combination of hardware and software for performing its features described herein.
  • channel-interest manager 102 may include control circuitry having include one or more processors (e.g., MIPs and/or Motorola 68000 family processors), memory (e.g., RAM, ROM, flash memory, and hard disks), communications circuitry, and any other suitable components for providing its features described herein.
  • Trend manager 104 may be any suitable combination of hardware and software for performing the features described herein.
  • trend manager 104 may include control circuitry having include one or more processors (e.g., MIPs and/or Motorola 68000 family processors), memory (e.g., RAM, ROM, flash memory, and hard disks), communications circuitry, and any other suitable components for providing the features described herein.
  • Session manager 101 communicates with channel-interest manager 102 , which then performs the algorithms necessary to determine if a channel is to be allocated to bandwidth and if a currently allocated channel may be bumped (See FIGS. 2-8 ). Session manager 101 may also communicate with revenue manager 103 and trend manager 104 in a like manner and/or other external information sources that may aid in the decision.
  • Switched-services session manager 101 then tells ERM 108 that an unallocated channel 111 should be allocated to available bandwidth (either already available or available after bumping another channel).
  • ERM 108 communicates with edge device 110 to first deallocate any bumped channels, (or alternatively degrade HD channels to SD, or take other measures to free bandwidth, including changing the partition of QAMs between service types, e.g., VOD and SDV), and allocate the new channels to edge device 110 .
  • the new channel is then linked from the network to the newly allocated QAM program number.
  • network 109 is a gigabit Ethernet network and edge device 110 is linked to network 109 via a switch.
  • edge device 110 When edge device 110 wants to connect to a service that is carried over IP on the gigabit network 109 , it registers a multicast join with the switch. Edge device 110 communicates the frequency for the new channel to ERM 108 , which in turn provides this information to session manager 101 , which updates the channel map in carousel 106 . Edge device 110 modulates the requested channel on the allocated frequency and program number where it is ultimately received by STB 105 . STB 105 receives the new frequency for the channel by checking the channel map in carousel 106 or via direct response to a channel tune request via session manager 101 and tunes to the frequency/program number to watch the program.
  • the Emergency Alert System (EAS) channel is provided using SDV.
  • channel-interest manager 102 receives numerous requests such that the interest quickly exceeds a interest threshold set for channel allocation.
  • the EAS channel is thus allocated to bandwidth that is ordinarily free for other channels absent an emergency.
  • the EAS channel information may be included in carousel data feed 106 with a time to live of infinity (as a special mechanism only used for EAS) so that it persists in the carousel feed but on a hidden channel that is not tunable directly by a user.
  • EAS channel such that unlike other switched channels in the carousel, it is never really allocated to the bandwidth until the interest threshold is met even though it is shown as active in the carousel so that the clients 107 of STBs 105 may quickly determine where to direct the STB's to tune without having to request the channel from the server.
  • ERM 108 directs Edge device 110 to switch in the channel for the EAS (not shown) to the designated QAM frequency and program number.
  • Clients 107 respond to the alert by examining the carousel and directing STBs 105 to tune to the indicated QAM frequency and program number.
  • STB requests for EAS channel are preceded with a random backoff and the first STB's request for the EAS channel that gets through the session manager causes ERM 108 to allocate the EAS channel.
  • the session manager 101 updates the channel map in the carousel to reflect the EAS channel as active.
  • FIG. 2 shows an illustrative method for allocating bandwidth based on interest in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method in FIG. 2 is carried out by channel-interest manager 102 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • Channel-interest manager 102 ( FIG. 1 ) keeps a dynamic channel interest calculation that is updated (step 206 ) when an unallocated channel is requested from STB 105 ( FIG. 1 ).
  • Channel interest may include many different request types to help it prioritize which channels will ultimately be allocated. Some exemplary request types are parking-based requests and voting-based requests, such as recording-based requests and reminder-based requests.
  • the various request types may be “weighted” using any suitable weighting algorithm. The weighting algorithm may be used in calculating the channel interest according to step 206 .
  • parking-based requests may be weighted more heavily than voting-based requests, and, even among votes, recording-based requests may be weighted more heavily than reminders.
  • the algorithm for determining interest in the channel includes a weighted sum of these requests.
  • a parking request When a user attempts to tune to a channel that is presently unallocated and the user “parks” (i.e., does not tune away from) on the channel in anticipation of eventual interest-dependent allocation, this is classified as a parking request. Such a request may or may not be explicitly understood to the user as “parking.” For example, in some embodiments, when a user attempts to tune to a switched channel, the user may be presented with a “one moment please” (OMP) message while the system determines whether or not to allocate the channel based on interest measured, in one case, within a specified window of time.
  • OMP one moment please
  • this window of time is small enough (e.g., less than six seconds) and the decision to allocate the channel is made relatively quickly, the OMP will be removed, the STB will tune to the newly allocated channel, and there may be no explicit indication to the user that any parking and/or allocation decision was going on behind the scenes. If, however, the decision is made to not allocate the channel, or if the decision will take longer, in some embodiments, various degrees of feedback may be provided to the user relating this information to them. This feedback may be in the form of a text message (e.g., “The requested channel is presently unavailable.”) or a graphic (e.g., a bar graph showing interest relative to threshold) or combinations of the two.
  • a text message e.g., “The requested channel is presently unavailable.”
  • a graphic e.g., a bar graph showing interest relative to threshold
  • a user “parks” on a channel, they are executing a persistent request to watch a program which has just substantially started or is in progress.
  • a distinction is provided between requesting a channel and requesting a program on that channel.
  • a user may choose to “vote” for a channel or a program on a channel.
  • voting-based requesting a user may vote concurrently for one or more channels (or programs) he may wish to watch.
  • parking can be seen as a special case of voting.
  • voting a user may vote for multiple different channels or programs to be allocated, in some situations, specifying relative priority.
  • the priority may be considered in the weighting algorithm used to calculate channel interest.
  • a user may also vote by recording a channel or program on a channel or by setting a reminder for a program on a channel.
  • recording-based requests and reminder-based requests may be weighted as less than a full request since the requester may ultimately decide not to watch the channel.
  • session manager 101 receives a request for a presently unallocated channel from a STB.
  • Channel-interest manager 102 receives a request from client 107 ( FIG. 1 ) by any of the methods discussed above (“parking” on a presently unallocated channel in anticipation of it being allocated or “voting” for a channel).
  • session manager 101 ( FIG. 1 ) communicates with ERM 108 ( FIG. 1 ) to measure the amount of available bandwidth (step 202 ) and then classifies the bandwidth as open, scarce, or full (step 203 ).
  • a classification of open signifies that there is ample space on the bandwidth to allocate a substantial number of new requests, scarce signifies that only a limited amount of space remains, and full signifies that no space remains. These classifications may be based on any threshold amount of space that the ERM programmer determines appropriate.
  • the bandwidth is open, the requested channel is allocated (step 204 ). If the bandwidth is scarce or full, session manager 101 logs the originator (STB) of the request, tags that requester as “interested” (step 205 ), and updates the channel interest for that channel (step 206 ).
  • STB originator
  • channel-interest manager 102 compares the interest and the interest threshold (step 207 ). While the interest remains lower than the threshold, channel-interest manager 102 ( FIG. 1 ) calculates the probability of allocation (step 208 ) and then sends that probability to client 107 ( FIG. 1 ) previously marked “interested” (step 209 ). The client 107 ( FIG. 1 ) then gives the requester options while waiting for allocation (step 210 ) (e.g., FIG. 3 ). Once the interest for an unallocated channel exceeds the interest threshold, the channel is allocated subject to whether there is another channel that can be bumped based on low relative channel interest (e.g., FIGS. 5 and 6 ) or whether the channel has lower quality version available (e.g., SD version rather than HD version as shown in FIG. 7 ). These conditions will be discussed in greater detail in FIGS. 5-7 .
  • FIG. 3 shows an illustrative method for providing a requester options when a channel is not available in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • client 107 When a channel is not available (or made available), client 107 ( FIG. 1 ) simultaneously gives the requester a number of options ( FIG. 2 , step 210 ). In one option, the requester may choose to watch “related content” (step 301 ). If this option is chosen, client 107 ( FIG. 1 ) retrieves an allocated channel frequency from carousel 106 ( FIG. 1 ) with similar content as the channel requested and sends it to client 107 ( FIG. 1 ) so that STB 105 ( FIG. 1 ) may tune to that channel (step 302 ). Session manager 101 ( FIG.
  • session manager 101 may classify channels as related based on any suitable method. For example, session manager 101 may classify all channels with common titles as related (e.g., “Intro to Pilates” and “Pilates for Healthy Living” would be classified as related channels based on the common word “Pilates” in the title).
  • channel-interest manager 102 ( FIG. 1 ) continuously updates the probability of allocation as the requester waits (i.e., “parks”) (step 304 ).
  • Channel-interest manager 102 ( FIG. 1 ) updates the channel interest as additional requests are made for the same channel and recalculates the likelihood of allocation feedback, which is dynamically available to the waiting requester.
  • channel-interest manager 102 ( FIG. 1 ) decrements the counter (those not actively waiting are not included in the channel interest calculation) and tags the requester as “previously interested” (step 305 ).
  • the “previously interested” requesters are notified (step 307 ) by session manager 101 ( FIG. 1 ) sending a message to those STB clients 105 ( FIG. 1 ).
  • the channel-interest manager 102 may be aware of program boundaries on switched channels. With this information, the channel-interest manager 102 ( FIG. 1 ) may determine that voting or parking by users on a channel at a particular timeframe represents interest in the content that is scheduled for that channel at the given timeframe (e.g., the start of the program). Delays may occur in the allocation of the channel as a result of the voting and/or parking interest for the channel remaining below the threshold for the allocation of the channel. These delays might normally result in the users missing the beginning of the programming on the channel.
  • the channel interest manager when the channel interest manager detects that the channel interest for a channel may actually be a channel interest for a program beginning on that channel at a particular time but that the allocation may involve delays beyond that particular timeframe, it may buffer the channel for the users. Such buffering may be accomplished by the channel-interest manager 102 ( FIG. 1 ) routing the channel content to a channel buffering subsystem until such time as the channel becomes available. Upon allocation of the channel, users may then be presented with the options of (a) joining the program in progress and missing the beginning or (b) watching the program from the beginning (e.g., similar to a start-over function).
  • an option of watching the program in faster than real time is provided, or alternatively an option of skipping through some portions of the program may be enabled.
  • any delay in the start of the program while waiting for allocation may be remedied by playing the channel at a faster speed (e.g., 1.02 ⁇ real time playback) (step 309 ).
  • This option may be implemented automatically (step 310 ) or by user-interaction (step 311 ) as explained above
  • a caching server e.g., a server with suitable tuners, decoders, and storage to cache unallocated channels
  • the caching server may detect and cache the unallocated channels.
  • edge resource manager 108 FIG.
  • edge device 110 may direct edge device 110 to include the stream from the cache server for the channel, instead of the stream from the actual source of the video.
  • the fast-playback (and other trick play functions, may be provided by the server or, alternatively, handled in local cache by the client 107 .
  • channel-interest manager 102 FIG. 1
  • channel-interest manager 102 can include the “previously interested” viewers in its channel interest calculation; thus, decrementing the count in step 306 would not be necessary.
  • the requester may also have the option of watching displayed advertisements or other alternative content while waiting for allocation (step 312 ).
  • the alternative content may be retrieved by client 107 ( FIG. 1 ) from storage on STB 105 ( FIG. 1 ).
  • switched-services session manager 101 FIG. 1
  • Switched-service session manager 101 ( FIG. 1 ) will then alert client 107 ( FIG. 1 ) to the presence of the alternative content.
  • client 107 ( FIG. 1 ) will check the carousel and, based on a flag in the carousel or an indicator from the alert, select the alternative content.
  • Another option allows the requester to watch the most popular channel at that moment in time (step 313 ). If the requester is interested in this option, channel-interest manager 102 ( FIG. 1 ) the channel with the highest interest, measured by the counter, to client 107 ( FIG. 1 ) along with its corresponding frequency retrieved from carousel 106 ( FIG. 1 ) (step 314 ). Client 107 may search the carousel for the most popular channel and display it for the user (e.g., by controlling a tuner in STB 105 ( FIG. 1 )).
  • a final option embodied in FIG. 3 gives the requester a choice to pay for an unallocated channel, rather than wait for possible allocation (step 315 ).
  • the channel may be temporarily provided as VOD or as tier 1 SDV and the requester is charged (step 316 ).
  • a certain amount of bandwidth is reserved for premium or pay services that is not available in the general pool of bandwidth available for basic switched services. If a user wishes to pay for access to this reserved bandwidth, the service that he parked on or voted for is switched into this reserved bandwidth, the user is charged, and his settop is provided the information that will allow it to tune to the newly allocated channel.
  • this channel may optionally be encrypted and that typically this channel is not added to the active channel list in the carousel, since that would allow other users to access it as well.
  • the channel may be paid for by one user and then made available to others users for free or for a reduced rate that may be a function of the number of paying users.
  • additional paying users may result in discounts to the first paying user.
  • VOD allocation for pay is managed similarly. Though a channel may not be allocated to the general pool of resources for free, it may be buffered to a subsystem such as a VOD server. If a user then wishes to pay for the service, it may be spooled directly from the VOD server in the manner it is typically done. In such cases, the user may or may not be given trick play options on the service.
  • revenue manager 103 may be any suitable combination of hardware and software for performing its features described herein.
  • revenue manager 103 may include control circuitry having include one or more processors (e.g., MIPs and/or Motorola 68000 family processors), memory (e.g., RAM, ROM, flash memory, and hard disks), communications circuitry, and any other suitable components for providing its features described herein.
  • channels of the SDV system are assigned to tiers. For example, there may be a SDV premium tier and discount tiers 1 , 2 , 3 , etc. Lower tiers may, for example, be associated with a larger tune delay (all the way to not available) and lower probability of being allocated. Channels may be assigned to higher or lower tiers based on observed or predicted interest, or the expected “take” or profitability of the channel. Each tier may have a certain number of reserved QAMs. In this way, more popular or higher tier channels have a higher probability of being allocated to the QAM and a lower tuning delay. For example, some channels in “Tier 1 ” may have a guaranteed allocation.
  • FIG. 4 shows an illustrative method for allocating bandwidth based on interest when a currently-allocated channel fails due to failed QAM in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • session manager 101 FIG. 1
  • ERM 108 FIG. 1
  • step 402 the amount of available bandwidth
  • step 403 classifies the bandwidth as open, scarce, or full. If the bandwidth is full, the interest for the failed QAM is considered by channel-interest manager 102 ( FIG.
  • a classification of open signifies that there is ample space on the bandwidth to allocate a substantial number of new requests, scarce signifies that only a limited amount of space remains, and full signifies that no space remains. These classifications may be based on any threshold amount of space that the ERM programmer determines appropriate.
  • the bandwidth is open, the failed channel is reallocated (step 404 ). If the bandwidth is scarce or full, channel-interest manager 102 ( FIG. 1 ) compares the channel interest and the interest threshold ( FIG. 2 , step 207 ) and treats the failed channel as a requested channel as in FIG. 2 (see FIG. 2 , steps 207 - 210 ).
  • FIG. 5 shows an illustrative method for de-allocating a relatively less requested channel in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Channel-interest manager 102 ( FIG. 1 ) compares the number of users on currently allocated channels with the channel interest for a requested channel (step 501 ). While the channel interest for a requested channel remains lower than the current number of users on a current channel, ERM 108 ( FIG. 1 ) does not allocate the requested channel to QAM 110 ( FIG. 1 ) (step 502 ) and channel-interest manager 102 ( FIG. 1 ) continues the comparison (step 501 ). Once the interest for an unallocated channel exceeds the number of users for any allocated channel, session manager 101 ( FIG. 1 ) considers de-allocating that allocated channel as depicted in FIG. 6 .
  • FIG. 6 shows an illustrative method for considering various parameters before de-allocating a channel in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Channel-interest manager 102 ( FIG. 1 ) compares the number viewers of a channel selected for de-allocation with a non-bump threshold (NBT) (step 601 ). While the number of viewers remains lower than the NBT, session manager 101 ( FIG. 1 ) instructs ERM 108 ( FIG. 1 ) not to de-allocate that channel from QAM 110 ( FIG. 1 ) (step 602 ). Once the number of viewers exceeds the NBT, session manager 101 ( FIG. 1 ) may instruct ERM 108 ( FIG.
  • NBT non-bump threshold
  • session manager 101 ( FIG. 1 ) to de-allocate that channel based on the amount of time that the allocated channel has been running (step 603 ). While the amount of running time remains lower than the NBT, session manager 101 ( FIG. 1 ) does not instruct ERM 108 ( FIG. 1 ) to de-allocate that channel from QAM 110 ( FIG. 1 ) (step 604 ). If, in the alternative, the running time exceeds the NBT, session manager 101 ( FIG. 1 ) may communicate with trend manager 104 ( FIG. 1 ), which stores viewer trends (step 605 ). Viewer trends may include any appropriate external viewer or program information (e.g., the program is being interrupted by a commercial).
  • the session manager 101 does not instruct ERM 108 ( FIG. 1 ) to de-allocate that channel from QAM 110 ( FIG. 1 ) (step 606 ) if trend manager 104 ( FIG. 1 ) returns that the inactivity is due to a commercial and not lack of interest. However, if trend manager 104 ( FIG. 1 ) returns that the interest-level for the allocated channel has declined, sessions manager 101 ( FIG. 1 ) instructs ERM 108 ( FIG. 1 ) to de-allocate that channel from QAM 110 ( FIG. 1 ) and to allocate the requested channel 111 ( FIG. 1 ) in its place (step 607 ). The bumped user is then given new viewing options including: watch as pay-per-view, watch related content, watch content of interest, wait for re-allocation, etc. (See FIG. 3 ).
  • FIG. 7 shows an illustrative method for degrading channels when bandwidth is becoming scarce in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • ERM 108 ( FIG. 1 ) is continuously checking edge device 110 ( FIG. 1 ) to determine if the bandwidth is becoming scarce (step 701 ). While the bandwidth remains open, ERM 108 ( FIG. 1 ) continues measuring the availability of the bandwidth (step 702 ). Once the bandwidth becomes scarce, ERM 108 ( FIG. 1 ) checks the network 109 ( FIG. 1 ) to see if the allocated channel has a lower quality version that is currently unallocated 111 ( FIG. 1 ) (e.g., SD rather than HD) (step 703 ).
  • a lower quality version that is currently unallocated 111 ( FIG. 1 ) (e.g., SD rather than HD)
  • the channel is degraded either automatically (step 704 ) or by user-interaction (step 705 ). If the degrading is done automatically or if the viewer chooses de-allocation (step 706 ), ERM 108 ( FIG. 1 ) replaces the higher quality version of the channel with the lower quality version of the channel at the same QAM (now with more room) (step 707 ), by commanding edge device 110 ( FIG. 1 ) to allocate bandwidth to the source of the degraded version of the channel.
  • FIG. 8 shows an illustrative method for detecting allocated program overruns and providing options based on interest in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • channel-interest manager 102 FIG. 1
  • ERM/server 108 FIG. 1
  • the cable service provider is given the option, then, of which program to put on their regularly broadcast QAM-overtime or regular program.
  • the program not selected by the station programmer exceeds the interest threshold (step 804 )
  • that program can be put on SDV (step 805 ) so that both programs may be viewed simultaneously-one on the regularly broadcast channel and the other as an SDV channel.
  • FIGS. 9A-9P show illustrative interactive media guidance application menu display screens in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention.
  • session manager 101 FIG. 1
  • the screens in 9 A- 9 P are illustrative and may include any possible combination of text associated with the various options given to a requester disclosed in the previous embodiments of FIG. 3 .
  • Client 107 may display screen 900 ( FIG. 9A ) as a requester views grid 901 from which he may select a channel.
  • the interest-based SDV channels and interest-based services in the guide may be starred or otherwise distinguished as in key 902 to indicate that they are available based on interest and may not be immediately available.
  • Client 107 may display screen 903 ( FIG. 9B ) once a requester selects a channel he or she wishes to watch.
  • a requester may indicate a desire to watch a channel by using arrow keys on a remote and pressing “enter” or using any suitable interactive media guidance function that allows the user to select a response.
  • Channel-interest manager 102 FIG. 1 ) continues to check the availability of the requested channel until it is allocated. As the requestor waits for allocation, “One Moment Please” overlay 904 may be displayed over menu 905 containing highlighted channel selection 906 .
  • Client 107 may display screen 907 ( FIG. 9C ) as the requester waits for the channel's allocation in accordance with step 303 of FIG. 3 .
  • Overlay 908 may be displayed allowing a requester to indicate a desire to wait for allocation by using arrow keys on a remote and pressing “enter” or using any suitable interactive media guidance function that allows the user to select a response. If “Yes” is selected by the requester, channel-interest manager 102 ( FIG. 1 ) continues to check the availability of the requested channel. If “No” is selected, client 107 ( FIG. 1 ) may give the requester other options (e.g., FIG. 3 ).
  • Client 107 may display screen 909 ( FIG. 9D ) as the requester waits for the channel's allocation in accordance with step 303 of FIG. 3 .
  • Overlay 910 may be displayed allowing a requester to indicate a desire to view the channel once it is allocated by using arrow keys on a remote and pressing “enter” or using any suitable interactive media guidance function that allows the user to select a response. If “Yes” is selected by the requester, channel-interest manager 102 ( FIG. 1 ) continues to check the availability of the requested channel, tuning that “interested” requester to the channel as it is allocated. If “No” is selected, client 107 ( FIG. 1 ) may give the requester other options, (e.g., FIG. 3 ).
  • Client 107 may display screen 911 ( FIG. 9E ) as the requester waits for the channel's allocation in accordance with step 303 of FIG. 3 .
  • Overlay 912 may be displayed over the currently viewed channel 913 , while the name of the requested channel 914 is displayed at the bottom of screen 911 .
  • Channel-interest manager 102 ( FIG. 1 ) continues to check the availability of the requested channel until it is allocated.
  • Client 107 may display screen 915 ( FIG. 9F ) as the requester waits for the channel's allocation in accordance with step 303 of FIG. 3 .
  • Overlay 916 indicates that the channel is presently unavailable and also provides feedback to the requester of the likelihood of allocation in accordance with step 304 of FIG. 3 .
  • Client 107 may display screen 917 ( FIG. 9G ) as the requester waits for the channel's allocation in accordance with step 303 of FIG. 3 .
  • Overlay 918 may be displayed allowing a requester to indicate a desire to wait for allocation by using arrow keys on a remote and pressing “enter” or using any suitable interactive media guidance function that allows the user to select a response. If “Yes” is selected by the requester, channel-interest manager 102 ( FIG. 1 ) continues to check the availability of the requested channel until time X has passed. If “No” is selected, client 107 ( FIG. 1 ) may give the requester other options (e.g., FIG. 3 ).
  • Client 107 may display screen 919 ( FIG. 9H ) as the requester waits for the channel's allocation in accordance with step 303 of FIG. 3 .
  • Overlay 920 may be displayed allowing a requester to indicate a desire to be notified of allocation by using arrow keys on a remote and pressing “enter” or using any suitable interactive media guidance function that allows the user to select a response. If “Yes” is selected by the requester, channel-interest manager 102 ( FIG. 1 ) continues to check the availability of the requested channel, notifying that “previously interested” requester as the channel is allocated. If “No” is selected, client 107 ( FIG. 1 ) may give the requester other options (e.g., FIG. 3 ).
  • Screen 905 ( FIG. 9F ) is illustrative of the notification embodiment of the present invention.
  • An interested user may also be notified automatically by channel-interest manager 102 ( FIG. 1 ) tagging the requester as “previously interested” before he or she tunes away from the requested channel (See FIG. 3 , step 305 ).
  • Client 107 may display screen 921 ( FIG. 9I ) as the requester waits for the channel's allocation in accordance with step 301 of FIG. 3 .
  • Overlay 920 may be displayed allowing a requester to indicate a desire to watch related content by using arrow keys on a remote and pressing “enter” or using any suitable interactive media guidance function that allows the user to select a response. If “Yes” is selected by the requester, the STB 105 ( FIG. 1 ) tunes to a previously allocated channel with related content. If “No” is selected, client 107 ( FIG. 1 ) may give the requester other options (e.g., FIG. 3 ).
  • Client 107 may display screen 923 ( FIG. 9J ) if the requester selects “Yes” to watching related content before tuning to the allocated channel with related content.
  • Overlay 924 may be displayed allowing a requester to indicate a desire to be notified of allocation by using arrow keys on a remote and pressing “enter” or using any suitable interactive media guidance function that allows the user to select a response.
  • Channel-interest manager 102 FIG. 1 ) continues to check the availability of the requested channel, notifying that “previously interested” requester as the channel is allocated. If “No” is selected, client 107 ( FIG. 1 ) may give the requester other options (e.g., FIG. 3 ).
  • Client 107 may display screen 925 ( FIG. 9K ) as the requester waits for the channel's allocation in accordance with step 313 of FIG. 3 .
  • Overlay 926 may be displayed allowing a requester to indicate a desire to watch the most popular channel by using arrow keys on a remote and pressing “enter” or using any suitable interactive media guidance function that allows the user to select a response. If “Yes” is selected by the requester, the STB 105 ( FIG. 1 ) tunes to a previously allocated channel with the highest number of users at that given moment. If “No” is selected, client 107 ( FIG. 1 ) may give the requester other options (e.g., FIG. 3 ).
  • Client 107 may display screen 927 ( FIG. 9L ) if the requester selects “Yes” to watching the most popular channel before tuning to the allocated channel with the highest number of requests.
  • Overlay 928 may be displayed allowing a requester to indicate a desire to be notified of allocation by using arrow keys on a remote and pressing “enter” or using any suitable interactive media guidance function that allows the user to select a response.
  • Channel-interest manager 102 FIG. 1
  • Client 107 may display screen 929 ( FIG. 9M ) as the requester waits for the channel's allocation in accordance with step 315 of FIG. 3 .
  • Overlay 930 may be displayed allowing a requester to indicate a desire to pay to watch the requested channel by using arrow keys on a remote and pressing “enter” or using any suitable interactive media guidance function that allows the user to select a response. If “Yes” is selected by the requester, the requested channel may be temporarily stored as VOD or as a tier 1 channel, guaranteeing its allocation (See FIG. 3 , step 316 ). If “No” is selected, client 107 ( FIG. 1 ) may give the requester other options (e.g., FIG. 3 ).
  • Client 107 may display screen 931 ( FIG. 9N ) if the requester selects “Yes” to watching the channel as pay-per-view before charging the requester.
  • Overlay 932 may be displayed allowing a requester to confirm a desire to pay to watch the requested channel by using arrow keys on a remote and pressing “enter” or using any suitable interactive media guidance function that allows the user to select a response. If “Yes” is selected by the requester, the STB 105 ( FIG. 1 ) tunes to the requested channel in accordance with step 316 of FIG. 3 and the requester is charged. If “Exit” is selected, client 107 ( FIG. 1 ) may give the requester other options (e.g., FIG. 3 ).
  • Client 107 may display screen 933 ( FIG. 9O ) as the requester waits for the channel's allocation to bandwidth in accordance with step 315 of FIG. 3 .
  • Screen 912 FIG. 9O
  • Overlay 934 may be displayed allowing a requester to indicate a desire to pay to watch the requested channel by using arrow keys on a remote and pressing “enter” or using any suitable interactive media guidance function that allows the user to select a response. If “Yes” is selected by the requester, the requested channel may be temporarily stored as VOD or as a tier 1 channel, guaranteeing its allocation (See FIG. 3 , step 316 ). If “No” is selected, client 107 ( FIG. 1 ) may give the requester other options (e.g., FIG. 3 ).
  • Client 107 may display screen 935 ( FIG. 9P ) if the requester selects “Yes” to watching the channel as pay-per-view before charging the requester.
  • Overlay 936 may be displayed allowing a requester to confirm a desire to pay to watch the requested channel by using arrow keys on a remote and pressing “enter” or using any suitable interactive media guidance function that allows the user to select a response. If “Yes” is selected by the requester, the STB 105 ( FIG. 1 ) tunes to the requested channel in accordance with step 316 of FIG. 3 and the requester is charged. If “Exit” is selected, client 107 ( FIG. 1 ) may give the requester other options (e.g., FIG. 3 ).
  • the screens in FIGS. 9A-9P may also have paid advertisements displayed in the background of the text in accordance with step 312 of FIG. 3 .

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US11/880,448 US20090025027A1 (en) 2007-07-20 2007-07-20 Systems & methods for allocating bandwidth in switched digital video systems based on interest
MX2010000845A MX2010000845A (es) 2007-07-20 2008-07-03 Sistemas y metodos para asignar ancho de banda en sistemas de video digital conmutado con base en el interes.
EP11005400A EP2410739A3 (fr) 2007-07-20 2008-07-03 Fonction de redémarrage des programmes télévisés courants dans un système vidéo numérique commuté
KR1020107003254A KR101587663B1 (ko) 2007-07-20 2008-07-03 관심에 기초하여 스위치드 디지털 비디오 시스템에서 대역폭을 할당하는 시스템 및 방법
CA3109127A CA3109127A1 (fr) 2007-07-20 2008-07-03 Systemes et procedes pour l'attribution de bande passante dans des systemes video numeriques commutes, en fonction de l'interet
PCT/US2008/008233 WO2009014593A2 (fr) 2007-07-20 2008-07-03 Systèmes et procédés pour l'attribution de bande passante dans des systèmes vidéo numériques commutés, en fonction de l'intérêt
CN201110303784.1A CN102572528B (zh) 2007-07-20 2008-07-03 用于基于兴趣在交换式数字视频系统中分配带宽的系统和方法
AU2008279824A AU2008279824C1 (en) 2007-07-20 2008-07-03 Systems and methods for allocating bandwidth in switched digital video systems based on interest
CA2693891A CA2693891C (fr) 2007-07-20 2008-07-03 Systemes et procedes pour l'attribution de bande passante dans des systemes video numeriques commutes, en fonction de l'interet
KR1020137017178A KR20130082184A (ko) 2007-07-20 2008-07-03 관심에 기초하여 스위치드 디지털 비디오 시스템에서 대역폭을 할당하는 시스템 및 방법
CN200880107702A CN101803380A (zh) 2007-07-20 2008-07-03 用于基于兴趣在交换式数字视频系统中分配带宽的系统和方法
JP2010516981A JP5282090B2 (ja) 2007-07-20 2008-07-03 関心度に基づいて、スイッチドデジタルビデオシステムにおいて帯域幅を割り当てるシステムおよび方法
EP08768860A EP2186336A2 (fr) 2007-07-20 2008-07-03 Systèmes et procédés pour l'attribution de bande passante dans des systèmes vidéo numériques commutés, en fonction de l'intérêt
CA3021825A CA3021825C (fr) 2007-07-20 2008-07-03 Systemes et procedes pour l'attribution de bande passante dans des systemes video numeriques commutes, en fonction de l'interet
US13/207,390 US8627389B2 (en) 2007-07-20 2011-08-10 Systems and methods for allocating bandwidth in switched digital video systems based on interest
JP2011265148A JP2012050145A (ja) 2007-07-20 2011-12-02 関心度に基づいて、スイッチドデジタルビデオシステムにおいて帯域幅を割り当てるシステムおよび方法
US14/148,283 US9516367B2 (en) 2007-07-20 2014-01-06 Systems and methods for allocating bandwidth in switched digital video systems based on interest

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US9516367B2 (en) 2016-12-06
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