US20080184848A1 - Vapor-Reinforced Expanding Volume of Gas to Minimize the Contamination of Products Treated in a Melting Furnace - Google Patents

Vapor-Reinforced Expanding Volume of Gas to Minimize the Contamination of Products Treated in a Melting Furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080184848A1
US20080184848A1 US11/829,115 US82911507A US2008184848A1 US 20080184848 A1 US20080184848 A1 US 20080184848A1 US 82911507 A US82911507 A US 82911507A US 2008184848 A1 US2008184848 A1 US 2008184848A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
molten metal
cryogen
liquid
hood
inert
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/829,115
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English (en)
Inventor
Terence D. La Sorda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide Industrial US LP
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Air Liquide Industrial US LP
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide Industrial US LP filed Critical Air Liquide Industrial US LP
Priority to US11/829,115 priority Critical patent/US20080184848A1/en
Priority to CN2007800348484A priority patent/CN101516547B/zh
Priority to PCT/IB2007/002353 priority patent/WO2008023229A1/en
Priority to JP2009525119A priority patent/JP5717963B2/ja
Priority to EP07804768A priority patent/EP2059358B1/en
Priority to AT07804768T priority patent/ATE508822T1/de
Priority to TW096130280A priority patent/TW200831210A/zh
Priority to ARP070103736A priority patent/AR062491A1/es
Publication of US20080184848A1 publication Critical patent/US20080184848A1/en
Priority to US12/271,994 priority patent/US20090064821A1/en
Priority to US12/536,521 priority patent/US8568654B2/en
Assigned to AIR LIQUIDE INDUSTRIAL U.S. L.P. reassignment AIR LIQUIDE INDUSTRIAL U.S. L.P. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LA SORDA, TERENCE D.
Priority to US13/346,428 priority patent/US20120103137A1/en
Priority to US13/632,923 priority patent/US20130025415A1/en
Priority to US14/065,232 priority patent/US9267187B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/003—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using inert gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/006—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with use of an inert protective material including the use of an inert gas

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the minimizing of contamination of molten metal during processing.
  • metals In the metal casting industry, metals (ferrous or non-ferrous) are melted in a furnace, and then poured into molds to solidify into castings. In the foundry melting operations, metals are commonly melted in electric induction furnaces. It is often advantageous to melt and transport the metals without exposure to atmospheric air to minimize oxidation of the metal (including its alloying components), which not only increases yield and alloy recovery efficiency, but also reduces formation of metallic oxides, which can cause casting defects (inclusions), reducing the quality of the finished product. Molten metal, moreover, has a tendency to absorb gases (chiefly oxygen and hydrogen) from the atmosphere (ambient air), which cause gas-related casting defects such as porosity.
  • gases chiefly oxygen and hydrogen
  • Various processes are utilized to prevent exposure of the metal to the atmospheric air, including vacuum treatment and inerting with a gas or a liquid.
  • vacuum treatment a fluid-tight furnace chamber is vacuum evacuated of substantially all ambient oxygen prior to heating the metal.
  • This process requires a special vacuum furnace and is generally only suitable for small batch processes.
  • the use of a vacuum furnace also results in the need for a substantially long cooling period, which lowers plant productivity.
  • the injected inert gas will also entrain ambient air along with it as it is injected into the furnace. Because of these effects, it is difficult, if not impossible, for gas inerting techniques to provide a true inert (0% O 2 ) atmosphere directly at the surface of the metal.
  • a liquid cryogen typically N 2 or Ar
  • the liquid cryogen has higher density than its gas phase and air, it is much less likely to be pushed up and away from the melt surface by the thermal updrafts.
  • the liquid vaporizes into a gas.
  • the cryogen boils from liquid to gas, it expands volumetrically by a factor of about 600-900 times as it rises. As a result, the expansion pushes ambient air away from the surface of the metal, inhibiting oxidation.
  • One drawback of liquid inerting is the difficulty of efficiently delivering the liquid cryogen to the furnace interior in a liquid state.
  • the liquefied gas is extremely cold.
  • the liquid inert gas is continually absorbing heat from the surroundings, boiling some of the liquid to vapor inside the storage tank and distribution piping. This vapor must be vented before the liquid is injected into the chamber, otherwise flow sputtering and surging results (caused by the tendency of the gas to choke the flow of liquid in the delivery pipes). As a result, a significant portion of the cryogen supply is lost due to boiling.
  • the system includes a container of metal (e.g., hot solid (charge) metal or molten metal) and a system configured to deliver biphasic inert cryogen toward the metal.
  • the delivery system may include a lance disposed proximate the top of the container.
  • the lance includes a hood that directs both a flow of liquid cryogen and a flow of vaporous cryogen toward the metal surface.
  • the liquid cryogen travels to the metal surface, where it vaporizes to generate a volume of expanding gas.
  • the vaporous cryogen moreover, is directed downward, toward the expanding gas.
  • the vaporous cryogen reinforces expanding gas, slowing its expansion rate to maintain the expanding gas over the metal surface.
  • the liquid and vaporous gas work in tandem to inhibit the oxidation of the metal.
  • the system can include a number of different features, including any one or combination of the following features:
  • a method of providing a vapor blanket over a material processed within a container is also described herein.
  • the method can include a number of different features, including any one or combination of the following features:
  • FIG. 1 depicts cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a container with a heated load of metal and a delivery system for a biphasic inert cryogen in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a close-up view of the delivery system shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the present invention provides a system and process wherein a vapor reinforced expanding volume of inert gas (e.g., argon, nitrogen, or carbon dioxide) is developed and maintained over the surface of metal (e.g., molten metal and/or heated metal charge) in a container such as a melting furnace or a transfer system (a ladle, a launder, etc.).
  • a vapor reinforced expanding volume of inert gas e.g., argon, nitrogen, or carbon dioxide
  • the reinforced expanding volume of inert gas may be generated and maintained from a vaporizing volume of liquid cryogen situated against one or more sides of the inside surface of the container.
  • the volumes of expanding gas may be maintained by a continuous stream of liquid cryogen replenishing the vaporizing volume of liquid cryogen from a lance system at the top of the furnace.
  • FIG. 1 shows a system 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • the system 10 includes a container 100 and a biphasic cryogen delivery system 200 .
  • the container 100 includes a bottom wall 105 , a side wall 110 , and an opening 115 defined by a rim 120 .
  • the container 100 houses metal 300 (e.g., molten metal and/or heated charge material).
  • the container 100 may be a molten metal bath, an induction furnace, or a metal containment and/or transfer system such as a ladle, launder, etc. Convection movements and/or surface tension present in the molten metal form a converging meniscus with a raised central portion 310 and lower edge portion 320 disposed along the side wall 110 of the container 100 .
  • the biphasic cryogen delivery system 200 distributes liquid and vaporous inert cryogen into the container 100 .
  • the system 200 may include a lance 210 disposed at the top of the container 100 .
  • the lance 210 may communicate with an inert liquid cryogen source 400 (e.g., a storage vessel).
  • the inert liquid cryogen may include, but is not limited to, argon, nitrogen, or carbon dioxide.
  • a diffuser 220 may be coupled to the lance 210 to separate the vaporous component from the liquid component (i.e., the vaporous cryogen from the liquid cryogen).
  • the diffuser 220 may include, for example, a sintered 10-80 ⁇ level plug disposed at the discharge end of the lance 210 .
  • the diffuser 220 is housed within a shroud or hood 230 configured to channel the liquid and gas components exiting the diffuser, directing them into the container 100 .
  • the hood 230 is shaped to direct the biphasic flow or cryogen (i.e., the flow of liquid cryogen 500 A and the flow of vaporous cryogen 500 B) toward the surface of the metal 300 .
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a close-up view of the hood 230 illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • the hood 230 includes an inlet end 235 , a first portion 237 , a second portion 239 , and an outlet end 240 .
  • the hood 230 curves downward, away from the longitudinal axis of the hood (indicated by X), creating a first or outer bend 245 and a second or inner bend 250 .
  • the degree of curvature may include, but is not limited to, downward curvatures in the range of about 0° (where the outlet 240 is generally perpendicular to the axis X) to about 90° (wherein the outlet 240 is generally parallel to the axis X).
  • the hood 230 may have an overall length of approximately 4-6 inches (10.16 cm-15.24 cm).
  • the first portion 237 (extending from the inlet 235 to the bend 245 / 250 ) may be about 3-5 inches (7.62 cm-12.7 cm) (e.g., 4 inches (10.16 cm)), while the second portion (extending from the bend 245 / 250 to the outlet 240 ) may be about 0.5-3 inches (1.27 cm-7.62 cm) (e.g., about 1.5 inches (3.81 cm)).
  • the diameter of the hood channel (indicated as D) may be about 0.5 inches to 2 inches (1.27 cm-5.08 cm) (e.g., 1 inch (3.54 cm)).
  • the diameter D of the channel is substantially continuous from the inlet 235 to the outlet 240 .
  • the material forming the hood includes, but is not limited to, stainless steel tubing.
  • the hood 230 is disposed oriented to introduce the liquid cryogen 500 A and vaporous cryogen 500 B into the container.
  • the hood 230 may be disposed at a point proximate the opening 115 of the container 100 .
  • the outlet end 240 may be generally coplanar with the opening 115 of the container 100 , or may be positioned slightly below the opening 115 such that it protrudes into the container interior.
  • the hood 230 moreover, may be oriented on the container such that the inner bend 250 of the hood is positioned adjacent the sidewall 110 .
  • the liquid cryogen 500 A is directed along/adjacent the side wall 110 of the container 100 , permitting the liquid cryogen to reach the metal 300 and create a localized pool or volume 500 C of liquid cryogen along the lower meniscus portion 320 .
  • the delivery system 200 of the present invention controls parameters to cause the liquid cryogen 500 A to become localized on the metal 300 . That is, the liquid cryogen 500 A covers only a portion of the metal surface, localizing the liquid cryogen within an area generally adjacent the side wall 110 of the container 100 .
  • the pool 500 C of liquid cryogen is formed proximate the side wall 110 of the container. It is more effective to deliver the liquid cryogen 500 A down the side wall 110 of the container (to the lower portion 320 of the meniscus) to maximize the cryogen delivered to the meniscus site, as well as to create a pool 500 C of liquid cryogen at the lowest elevation within the metal environment (e.g., the lowest level of a furnace). In contrast, delivering the liquid cryogen 500 A to the upper portion 310 of the meniscus would inhibit the amount of cryogen actually delivered to the lower portion 320 of the meniscus (along the side wall 110 ) because the cryogen 500 C would become trapped within or above the charge material (solid charge that will melt during the heat cycle).
  • placing the delivery system 200 along the side wall 110 of the container 100 provides an additional benefit of automatically facilitating inert protection of the pour of the metal into the transfer ladle, launder, tundish mold, etc.
  • the flow of liquid cryogen 500 A forms a small volume 500 C of liquid cryogen on the surface of the metal 300 , adjacent the side wall 110 .
  • the pool of liquid cryogen 500 C vaporizes, generating an expanding volume of inert gas 600 that expands across the entire exposed surface of the metal 300 . This expansion pushes ambient air away from the surface of the metal 300 , and infiltrates any charge material melting at the molten surface. This, in turn, provides a true inert atmosphere directly at the metal surface.
  • the expansion rate of the gas 600 is generally dependant upon the type of inert gas utilized in forming the inert blanket (e.g., argon, nitrogen, or carbon dioxide).
  • inert gas e.g., argon, nitrogen, or carbon dioxide
  • the pool 500 C of liquid cryogen boils from liquid to gas it may expand volumetrically by a factor of about 600-900 times as it rises.
  • argon expands up to 840 times the liquid volume while heating up from ⁇ 302° F. ( ⁇ 185° C.) to room temperature.
  • the delivery system 200 further directs a shroud of vaporous cryogen 500 B into the container, where it reinforces the expanding volume of inert gas 600 generated from the pool 500 C of cryogenic liquid, maintaining the expanding volume 600 proximate the exposed metal surface.
  • the hood 230 directs the vaporous cryogen 500 B toward the expanding gas 600 , reinforcing the expanding gas and inhibiting its rate of expansion and diffusion into the atmosphere above the container 100 .
  • the flow rate of the biphasic cryogen 500 A, 500 B from the source 400 should be effective to provide a continuous volume of expanding inert gas 600 , to maintain a localized pool 500 C of liquid cryogen on the surface of the metal 300 (i.e., to prevent the liquid cryogen 500 A from creating a pool 500 C that covers the entire surface of the metal 300 ), and to maintain the flow reinforcing vaporous cryogen 500 B toward the metal surface.
  • the flow rate is determined as a function of the surface area of the metal 300 . This is contrary to the prior art processes, which calculate the flow rate utilizing the volume of the metal.
  • the continuous stream of cryogen is maintained at a flow rate of about 0.002 lb/in 2 to about 0.005 lb/in 2 (about 0.14 g/cm 2 to about 0.35 g/cm 2 ) of the exposed metal surface area in the container 100 .
  • This maintains a flow of cryogen at a rate effective to generate a beneficial amount vaporous cryogen 500 B capable of reinforcing the expanding gas 600 .
  • the ratio of liquid cryogen 500 A to vaporous cryogen 500 B exiting the lance 210 may be about 99/1 to about 51/49, depending on the thermal quality of the cryogen distribution system and the working pressure of the cryogen supply tank.
  • Flow rates above the preferred range tend to increase process costs, as well as lead to the “popping” of the metal 300 out of the container 100 due to volumetric and mechanical expansion of the cryogen 500 C as it transitions from a liquid to a vapor. This creates a hazardous situation for users in the area around the container 100 .
  • the hood 230 directs the liquid cryogen 500 A into the container 100 , causing the liquid cryogen to fall from the lance 210 adjacent to the side wall 110 and form the small volume (pool 500 C) of liquid cryogen on the surface of the metal 300 , adjacent the side wall of the container 100 .
  • the liquid volume 500 C vaporizes, creating an expanding gas 600 that expands across the entire surface of the metal 300 .
  • the hood 230 directs the vaporous gas 500 C downward, toward the metal surface, inhibiting the expansion of the expanding gas 600 , maintaining the reinforced vapor near the surface of the metal 300 .
  • This above-describe system is effective to guide the vaporous cryogen 500 B into the container 100 , providing for the complete utilization of the vaporous cryogen, using it to reinforce the expanding gas 600 .
  • a 3-15% of the inert cryogen is wasted of the tip of a lance due to flash losses.
  • the present system avoids these losses by completely utilizing the vaporous cryogen 500 B, directing it into the container 100 in a manner (at a speed and in an amount) effective to minimize and/or avoid flash losses.
  • the hood 230 may possess any dimensions and shape suitable for its described purpose (directing a biphasic flow into the container), and may be modified based on factors such as manufacturing cost, manufacturing method, and application site parameters.
  • the flow rate is dependent primarily upon the surface area of the metal 300 in the container 100 requiring protection by the expanding gas 600 , secondary factors may be used to determine the flow rate of the liquid cryogen, such as the reactivity of the alloy or metal being protected, the existence and strength of the ventilation system, and the quality requirements of the end user for the metal being produced.
  • a single source 400 of inert cryogen is illustrated, it is understood that multiple sources 400 may be connected to lance 210 to provide multiple types of inert cryogen to the container, including mixtures.
  • the systems and methods described can include any one or more suitable controllers and/or sensors to facilitate monitoring and control of various operational parameters during heating of the load in the furnace.
  • One or more suitable sensors and related equipment can also be provided to measure and monitor the concentration of the gaseous species within the furnace, preferably at locations in the immediate vicinity of the load surface.
  • the induction furnace can include any suitable number and different types of sensors to monitor one or more of the temperature, pressure, flow rate and concentration of nitrogen and/or any other gaseous species within the furnace.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
US11/829,115 2006-08-23 2007-07-27 Vapor-Reinforced Expanding Volume of Gas to Minimize the Contamination of Products Treated in a Melting Furnace Abandoned US20080184848A1 (en)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/829,115 US20080184848A1 (en) 2006-08-23 2007-07-27 Vapor-Reinforced Expanding Volume of Gas to Minimize the Contamination of Products Treated in a Melting Furnace
CN2007800348484A CN101516547B (zh) 2006-08-23 2007-08-15 尽量减少对熔炉内被处理产品污染的被蒸气补强的膨胀气体体积
PCT/IB2007/002353 WO2008023229A1 (en) 2006-08-23 2007-08-15 Vapor-reinforced expanding volume of gas to minimize the contamination of products treated in a melting furnace
JP2009525119A JP5717963B2 (ja) 2006-08-23 2007-08-15 溶融炉中で処理された製品の汚染を最小化するための蒸気補強された膨張する体積のガス
EP07804768A EP2059358B1 (en) 2006-08-23 2007-08-15 Vapor-reinforced expanding volume of gas to minimize the contamination of products treated in a melting furnace
AT07804768T ATE508822T1 (de) 2006-08-23 2007-08-15 Dampfverstärktes expandierendes gasvolumen zur minimierung der verunreinigung von in einem schmelzofen behandelten produkten
TW096130280A TW200831210A (en) 2006-08-23 2007-08-16 Vapor-reinforced expanding volume of gas to minimize the contamination of products treated in a melting furnace
ARP070103736A AR062491A1 (es) 2006-08-23 2007-08-22 Un metodo para reducir la oxidacion de metal liquido y sistema de calentamiento.
US12/271,994 US20090064821A1 (en) 2006-08-23 2008-11-17 Vapor-Reinforced Expanding Volume of Gas to Minimize the Contamination of Products Treated in a Melting Furnace
US12/536,521 US8568654B2 (en) 2006-08-23 2009-08-06 Vapor-reinforced expanding volume of gas to minimize the contamination of products treated in a melting furnace
US13/346,428 US20120103137A1 (en) 2006-08-23 2012-01-09 Vapor-reinforced expanding volume of gas to minimize the contamination of products treated in a melting furnace
US13/632,923 US20130025415A1 (en) 2006-08-23 2012-10-01 Vapor-reinforced expanding volume of gas to minimize the contamination of products treated in a melting furnace
US14/065,232 US9267187B2 (en) 2006-08-23 2013-10-28 Vapor-reinforced expanding volume of gas to minimize the contamination of products treated in a melting furnace

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US83977606P 2006-08-23 2006-08-23
US11/829,115 US20080184848A1 (en) 2006-08-23 2007-07-27 Vapor-Reinforced Expanding Volume of Gas to Minimize the Contamination of Products Treated in a Melting Furnace

Related Child Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/271,994 Continuation-In-Part US20090064821A1 (en) 2006-08-23 2008-11-17 Vapor-Reinforced Expanding Volume of Gas to Minimize the Contamination of Products Treated in a Melting Furnace
US12/536,521 Division US8568654B2 (en) 2006-08-23 2009-08-06 Vapor-reinforced expanding volume of gas to minimize the contamination of products treated in a melting furnace
US13/346,428 Continuation US20120103137A1 (en) 2006-08-23 2012-01-09 Vapor-reinforced expanding volume of gas to minimize the contamination of products treated in a melting furnace

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US20080184848A1 true US20080184848A1 (en) 2008-08-07

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/829,115 Abandoned US20080184848A1 (en) 2006-08-23 2007-07-27 Vapor-Reinforced Expanding Volume of Gas to Minimize the Contamination of Products Treated in a Melting Furnace
US12/536,521 Active 2029-07-22 US8568654B2 (en) 2006-08-23 2009-08-06 Vapor-reinforced expanding volume of gas to minimize the contamination of products treated in a melting furnace
US13/346,428 Abandoned US20120103137A1 (en) 2006-08-23 2012-01-09 Vapor-reinforced expanding volume of gas to minimize the contamination of products treated in a melting furnace
US14/065,232 Active 2027-11-13 US9267187B2 (en) 2006-08-23 2013-10-28 Vapor-reinforced expanding volume of gas to minimize the contamination of products treated in a melting furnace

Family Applications After (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/536,521 Active 2029-07-22 US8568654B2 (en) 2006-08-23 2009-08-06 Vapor-reinforced expanding volume of gas to minimize the contamination of products treated in a melting furnace
US13/346,428 Abandoned US20120103137A1 (en) 2006-08-23 2012-01-09 Vapor-reinforced expanding volume of gas to minimize the contamination of products treated in a melting furnace
US14/065,232 Active 2027-11-13 US9267187B2 (en) 2006-08-23 2013-10-28 Vapor-reinforced expanding volume of gas to minimize the contamination of products treated in a melting furnace

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US (4) US20080184848A1 (es)
EP (1) EP2059358B1 (es)
JP (1) JP5717963B2 (es)
AR (1) AR062491A1 (es)
AT (1) ATE508822T1 (es)
TW (1) TW200831210A (es)
WO (1) WO2008023229A1 (es)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090064821A1 (en) * 2006-08-23 2009-03-12 Air Liquide Industrial U.S. Lp Vapor-Reinforced Expanding Volume of Gas to Minimize the Contamination of Products Treated in a Melting Furnace
EP3798562A1 (en) * 2019-09-25 2021-03-31 Linde GmbH A method and an arrangement for melting and decanting a metal

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US20080184848A1 (en) * 2006-08-23 2008-08-07 La Sorda Terence D Vapor-Reinforced Expanding Volume of Gas to Minimize the Contamination of Products Treated in a Melting Furnace
TWI335971B (en) * 2007-11-02 2011-01-11 Metal Ind Res & Dev Ct Co2 source providing device
JP2010230237A (ja) * 2009-03-27 2010-10-14 Aisin Takaoka Ltd 金属溶解炉および金属溶解方法
FR2963417B1 (fr) * 2010-08-02 2014-03-28 Air Liquide Vaporiseur a tubes en forme de u
EP3992584A1 (en) 2020-10-28 2022-05-04 Rep Ip Ag Data logger for acquiring and recording sensor data associated with a transport container

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WO2008023229A1 (en) 2008-02-28
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US20140047953A1 (en) 2014-02-20
US9267187B2 (en) 2016-02-23
US8568654B2 (en) 2013-10-29
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US20090288520A1 (en) 2009-11-26

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