Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/20—Carboxylic acid amides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
  • C11C5/00—Candles
  • C11C5/002—Ingredients
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
  • C08K2201/014—Additives containing two or more different additives of the same subgroup in C08K

Definitions

• the invention relates to a wax composition composed of at least three components and to its use as additive in plastics processing, as matting agent, as rheological agent, as slip additive, or for the preparation of dispersions.
• the components present in the wax composition have been selected from the amide waxes group.
• plastics such as PVC or styrene
• engineering thermoplastics such as polyamide, polycarbonate, polyalkylene terephthalate, polyoxymethylene, polyphenylene oxide, or thermoplastic polyurethane are widely processed by the injection-molding technique. Process optimization therefore places particular importance on what is known as mold-release behavior and flow behavior of the relevant plastics. Small amounts of external processing aids are added to the plastics in order to adjust these features. Important factors with these processing aids are both their internal action and their external action.
• fatty acids are excellent processing aids, they promote polymer degradation and at the, often high, processing temperatures reached by plastics during injection molding they are volatile and escape in the form of fume. Soaps can easily decompose in the presence of acidic constituents and then behave in exactly the same way as fatty acids.
• Fatty acid esters are often excessively polar and in polar plastics exhibit only internal action, whereas in nonpolar plastics a marked tendency toward migration is observed.
• the behavior of the amides of stearic acid, erucic acid, or oleic acid is similar to that of the fatty acid esters.
• the preferred trend is therefore in the direction of longer-chain compounds, for example those derivable from montan wax acid and from its derivatives, or toward reaction products of long-chain fatty acids with diamines.
• the prior art uses reaction products of stearic acid or of palmitic acid with ethylenediamine.
• the ideal balance has not yet been found between internal action and external action.
• amide waxes is intended to be defined as a collective term for a product group which is the result of reaction of a long-chain carboxylic acid with a mono- or polyfunctional amine or with ammonia.
• the invention achieves the object via a wax composition of the type mentioned at the outset which comprises a combination composed of at least three amide waxes A, B, and C, and the characterizing feature of which is that
• Reaction products of ethylenediamine and stearic acid or palmitic acid, olamide, erucaamide, stearylamide are available industrially.
• inventive wax composition composed of the amide waxes A, B, and C, these being surprisingly suitable as processing aids during the injection molding of plastics with optimized internal and external action, in contrast, suitable amounts of three different components A, B, and C are combined with one another.
• Amide wax A is reaction products of alkylenediamine, preferably of ethylenediamine, with linear fatty acids or mixtures of fatty acids, for example tallow fatty acid, coconut fatty acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, behenic acid, or erucic acid, having the structure
• n from 6 to 20.
• Amide wax B is the reaction product of alkylenediamine, preferably of ethylenediamine, with 12-hydroxystearic acid, preferably having the following composition:
• Amide wax C is the reaction product of alkylenediamine, preferably of ethylenediamine, with 12-hydroxystearic acid and with linear fatty acids, preferably having the structure:
• n from 6 to 20.
• the inventive wax composition preferably comprises an amount in the range from 1 to 85% by weight of amide wax A, an amount in the range from 1 to 85% by weight of amide wax B, and an amount in the range from 1 to 50% by weight of amide wax C, based in each case on the total weight of the wax composition.
• the wax composition comprises an amount in the range from 5 to 75% by weight of amide wax A, an amount in the range from 5 to 75% by weight of amide wax B, and an amount in the range from 1 to 40% by weight of amide wax C, again based in each case on the total weight of the wax composition.
• the reaction of the starting materials with alkylenediamine, preferably with ethylenediamine, for preparation of the amide waxes takes place at temperatures above 100° C.
• the fatty acid mixtures are placed in a reactor where they are melted under an inert gas.
• ethylenediamine is metered, with stirring, into the resultant melt.
• the temperature is further increased to 190° C., and stirring is continued, with removal of the water of reaction by distillation, until both the acid number AcN and the alkali number AIN have fallen below the value 6.
• the acid number AcN is determined to DIN EN ISO 3682 to monitor the progress of the reaction, the alkali number AIN being determined to DGF method H III 2a (92).
• inventive wax compositions are then prepared from the amide waxes A, B, and C of the preparation examples via mixing.
• the precise composition of the wax compositions is analyzed by gas chromatography.
• inventive wax compositions comprising at least the amide waxes A, B, and C have particular suitability as processing aids for the injection molding of conventional plastics, such as PVC or styrene, or of engineering thermoplastics, such as polyamide, polycarbonate, polyalkylene terephthalate, polyoxymethylene, polyphenylene oxide, or for thermoplastic polyurethane.
• the amounts of the wax composition inventively added as processing aid to the plastics are in the range from 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.2 to 2% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of plastic plus processing aid.
• inventive wax compositions can be employed as pure substances or can be mixed with known prior-art mixture components, such as polyethylene waxes, polypropylene waxes, amide waxes, Fischer-Tropsch waxes, and then can be micronized.
• the particle size here is advantageously adjusted within the range from 10 to 20 ⁇ m.
• inventive wax compositions can moreover also be dissolved in solvents at an elevated temperature and be precipitated via cooling. Pastes thus prepared can be used in print applications for control of viscosity and of slip behavior.
• the wax compositions are then prepared from the amide waxes A, B, and C of preparation examples 1 to 5.
• the exact composition of the inventive wax compositions is analyzed by means of GC.
• the composition by weight of the inventive wax compositions WC 1 to WC 4 and of the comparative mixture c 1 and c 2 of the prior art have been listed in the table below. These were then tested as processing aid in engineering plastics and in micronized form as additives in the coating.
• thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) An amount of 0.4% by weight of the wax compositions, based on the weight of the mixture composed of esterdiol and wax composition, was inserted into the esterdiol component during the preparation of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU).
• inventive products comprising wax compositions WC 1 to WC 4 , the mixture 1 , and pure EBS c 2 , and also on a commercially available derivative of montan wax acid.
• inventive products can significantly improve migration behavior at an adequate level of demolding force.
• c 1 is Hostalub FA 1
• c 3 is Hostalub FA 5.
• the experiments showed that the inventive wax compositions improved flow behavior and migration behavior at identical demolding force.
• the inventive products remain within the matrix and do not exude even when the amounts added are relatively high.
• inventive mixtures were also tested in PVC against standard amide waxes and montan wax derivatives.
• test formulation 100 parts of Vinnolit S 3160, PVC from Vinnolit, 1.5 parts of Mark 17 MOK, 5 parts of Kane ABE-58A, 1 part of Paraloid K 120 N, 0.3 part of Loxiol G 16, 0.4 part of test product or comparative product.
• c 1 Hostalub FA1 amide wax
• c 3 Hostalub FA 5 amide wax
• the behavior of the inventive products was the same as that of the standard in terms of release action and lubricant action, and when compared with the prior-art products they were poorer in terms of color but better in terms of exudation behavior.
• Action was tested in a test formulation composed of 100 parts of Makrolon 3108, 0.5 part of wax composition/comparative product.
• the mixtures WC 1 and WC 2 were tested against Licolub FA1 and Licolub FA 5. Color, transparency, release action and melt index were tested.
• the table shows that the inventive wax compositions have good compatibility with polycarbonate and remain within the matrix even when the amounts added are relatively high. In terms of external action, no increase occurs in demolding force.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

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• 2006
  • 2006-02-28 DE DE102006009097A patent/DE102006009097A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2007
  • 2007-02-19 DE DE502007001209T patent/DE502007001209D1/de active Active
  • 2007-02-19 EP EP07003408A patent/EP1826235B1/de active Active
  • 2007-02-19 ES ES07003408T patent/ES2330264T3/es active Active
  • 2007-02-27 US US11/711,229 patent/US20070203272A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-02-27 JP JP2007046547A patent/JP5455288B2/ja active Active
• 2010
  • 2010-01-26 US US12/693,532 patent/US8147606B2/en active Active

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