Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
  • A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/82—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with three ring hetero atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/10—Antimycotics

Definitions

• the present invention relates to mixtures and methods for inducing resistance in plants.
• the induction of resistance in plants is a method for controlling diseases, which is of growing interest as it is based on the amplification of a natural process already present in plants by means of the application of products which, in themselves, can also have next to little or no bioactivity.
• the natural defence process of plants comprises a complex network of messengers, regulators and genes which provide a large number of responses, said network being defined as an Innate Plant Defense (IPD) network.
• IPD Innate Plant Defense
• the functioning of this process is influenced by a number of factors which cannot always be easily controlled. Consequently, one of the problems associated with the induction of resistance in plants is the onset of undesirable effects which economically damage the crop. Large necrosed areas can in fact appear, which reduce the yield of the harvest and/or its economical value.
• a possible response of the innate plant defence network does in fact envisage that the plants can synthesize biocide agents with various action mechanisms and morphologically modify the cellular structure, even as far as decreeing the death of the cell (necrosis of the vegetable tissue).
• Abiotic stress factors for example extreme temperatures, drought, salinity
• phytopathogen infections can also interfere with the IPD network.
• Salicylic acid plays a key role in IPD.
• the starting or interruption of a specific IPD in fact, in addition to the qualitative and quantitative modulation of its response, are an indication of the SA level in vegetable tissues.
• SAR Systemic Acquired Resistance
• PR pathogenesis-related proteins
• GMO genetically modified organisms
• the Applicant has therefore found blends and an applicative method which allow the agronomic use of IPD in an efficient and safe way, by optionally combining the components of the mixture according to the necessity of amplifying the response and/or obtaining a defence without undesired effects.
• An object of the present invention consequently relates to a blend comprising two or more compounds selected from at least two of the following groups:
• An object of the present invention is also the use of a blend comprising two or more compounds selected from two of the following groups:
• An object of the present invention also relates to the use of two or more compounds selected from at least two of the following groups: one or more compounds belonging to the ESA group and/or one or more compounds belonging to the PRO group and/or one or more compounds belonging to the MOD group, wherein ESA, PRO and MOD have the meanings specified above, applied singly, by means of applicative programs which envisage alternating application, to stimulate the natural defence systems of plants and to induce resistance in plants.
• the blends thus obtained have such properties as to enable the resistance induction mechanism in plants to be exploited in agronomic practice, thus providing an extremely economically valid and reliable method also under environmental conditions which can cause abiotic stress to the plant (extreme temperatures, drought, salinity, etc.).
• a further object of the present invention therefore relates to a method for stimulating the natural defence systems of plants and inducing resistance in plants, which includes the application of two or more compounds selected from at least two of the following groups: one or more compounds belonging to the ESA group and/or one or more compounds belonging to the PRO group and/or one or more compounds belonging to the MOD group, wherein ESA, PRO and MOD have the meanings specified above, both in a blend with each other or singly, by means of applicative programs which envisage their alternating application.
• the method for stimulating the natural defence systems of plants is particularly advantageous as it allows the protective activity to be amplified and minimizes the phytotoxic effects associated with the above-mentioned mechanisms, called hypersensitive responses (HR) and providing a significant benefit to the vegetable, which thus remains “immunised” as a whole and more resistant to pathogen agents and various forms of abiotic stress.
• HR hypersensitive responses
• the promoting compounds defined PRO when applied in a mix with salicylic acid or its functional analogous products ESA (exogenous “salicylic acid”) according to the present invention, are capable of providing a synergetic effect, responsible for a surprising amplification of the biocide activity with respect to phytopathogen agents, much higher than the activity expected, as estimated by means of the Limpel formula.
• ESA compounds include: salicylic acid, a derivative of salicylic acid and/or a mimetic compound of salicylic acid, or products which exert an analogous function in the plant in the induction process of systemic acquired resistance (SAR, review Ryals et al, 1996 Plant Cell vol. 8, pages 1809- 1819) mediated by salicylic acid.
• SAR systemic acquired resistance
• the ESA compound of group i) can have the meaning of:
• Said compounds having general formula (I), (IIa) and (IIb) can also be present in hydrate form by the coordination of any number of molecules of water, and can be salified by organic bases, such as piperidine, piperazine, morpholine and natural amino acids, such as, for example, lysine, cysteine, serine.
• organic bases such as piperidine, piperazine, morpholine and natural amino acids, such as, for example, lysine, cysteine, serine.
• Said compounds (I), (IIa) and (IIb), moreover, when salified with metal cations, are intended as being in any molar ratio between acid and metal, depending on the valence of the metal itself; for example, for a bivalent metal, the acid and metal ratios can be 1:1 or 1:2.
• PRO compounds include products which show a scarce or null fungicidal direct activity and which can optionally induce some type of defence or, in any case, physiological perturbation of the plant.
• Products defined as PRO can consequently be a wide range of products, of both a natural or synthetic origin, capable of causing such physiological perturbations to the plant as to be able to provoke situations of stress, also non-specific. All resistance inductors can therefore be included, which are known for not being functional analogous products of SA, the same non-virulent or virulent microorganisms, when used in sub-lethal dosages, part of the same which can induce recognition of the pathogen, substances capable of exciting biological systems of the plant causing stress and/or defence responses, also non-specific, and also the use of non-selective chemicals for the plant itself (even herbicides) in sub-lethal dosages.
• PRO compound of group ii), subdivided into the sub-groups a-f can have the following meanings:
• MOD compounds include products capable of reducing/eliminating the necrotized surfaces caused by agents involved in hypersensitive responses (HR), or by agents in any case toxic, amplified in their action by SA, possibly strengthened by stress conditions, improving the activity of the phytoiatric mixture and widening its application on site.
• HR hypersensitive responses
• MOD compounds can be applied in a blend or alternated with other components of the method object of the present invention, with the first appearance, or preferably for precautionary measures, of symptoms of hypersensitive responses, also on genetically modified plants.
• the MOD compound of group iii) can have the meaning of:
• GSH glutathione
• Said compounds having general formula (III) can also be present in hydrate form, by the coordination of any number of molecules of water, and can be salified by organic bases, such as piperidine, piperazine, morpholine and natural amino acids, such as, for example, lysine.
• organic bases such as piperidine, piperazine, morpholine and natural amino acids, such as, for example, lysine.
• the blend comprising one or more MOD compounds, applied together with one or more PRO compounds, in the presence or absence of one or more ESA compounds, exerts these beneficial effects, capable of minimising or avoiding undesired side-effects.
• C 1 -C 6 alkyl group means a linear or branched C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, possibly substituted, the substituents being the same or different.
• Examples of this group are: methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, amyl, hexyl.
• C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl group means a C 1 -C 6 alkoxyl group in which the aliphatic portion is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, as previously defined.
• Examples of this group are: methoxyl, ethoxyl, butoxyl.
• C 1 -C 6 thioalkyl group means a C 1 -C 6 thioalkyl group in which the aliphatic portion is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, as previously defined. Examples of this group are: thiomethyl, thioethyl, thioamyl.
• C 1 -C 6 thio-alkoxyl group means a C 1 -C 6 thioalkoxyl group in which the aliphatic portion is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, as previously defined. Examples of this group are: thiomethoxyl, thioethoxyl, thiopropoxyl.
• C 2 -C 7 carboalkoxyl group means a C 2 -C 7 carboalkoxyl group in which the aliphatic portion is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, as previously defined.
• Examples of this group are: carboxymethyl, carboxyethyl, carboxypropyl, carboxyhexyl.
• Metal cation means a metal cation that can be mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-valent.
• metals sodium, lithium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, copper, zinc, iron, manganese.
• optionally substituted refers to one or more substituents, the same or different, selected from the following groups: halogen atoms, alkyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, cyano, hydroxy, amino-carbonyl, carboalkoxyl.
• ESA compounds examples are the following:
• Salts of bivalent metals are salts in which the molar ratios acid:metal can be 1:1 or 2:1, for example C 2+ SA 2 , C 2+ SA.
• PRO compounds are the following:
• MOD compounds are the following:
• the compounds indicated as PRO are preferably in micronized form with a particle size lower than 1 micron.
• An important advantage of the method for stimulating the natural defence systems of plants according to the present invention consists in allowing the induction of the natural defences the plant for agronomical purposes, so that the magnitude of the response can be modulated and the response can be reliable with respect to the possible appearance of side-effects which can jeopardize the quality and quantity of the crops treated.
• This method therefore envisages applicative programs which involve the application of one or more compounds, among which salicylic acid and its functional homologous products already defined as ESA, blended or alternating with one or more compounds, already defined as PRO, capable of amplifying the response induced by ESA, and/or in a blend or alternating with one or more compounds already defined as MOD, capable of minimizing and/or eliminating undesired side-effects which can cause qualitative or quantitative damage to the crops treated.
• blends of one or more PRO compounds responsible for occasional necrosis when applied to crops under critical biotic and abiotic conditions, is therefore within the spirit of the present invention, in blends or alternated with ESA compounds.
• blends of one or more PRO compounds responsible for occasional necrosis when applied to crops under critical biotic and abiotic conditions, in blends or alternated with MOD compounds.
• an object of the present invention relates to a method for stimulating the natural defence systems of plants and inducing resistance in the plant, which includes the application of two or more compounds selected from at least two of the following groups: one or more compounds belonging to the ESA group and/or one or more compounds belonging to the PRO group and/or one or more compounds belonging to the MOD group, wherein ESA, PRO and MOD have the above-mentioned meanings, either mixed with each other or individually, through applicative programs which envisage their alternating use.
• ESA ESA
• PRO PRO
• MOD are products on the market or which can be obtained through the most common synthesis methods known in literature.
• the method for stimulating the natural defence systems of plants according of the present invention allows many fungin and bacterial phytopathogens or viruses to be controlled.
• the blends according to the present invention have a particularly high fungicidal activity against phytopathogen fungi which attack crops of vines, tobacco, sugar beet, cereals, vegetables, rice, Cucurbitaceae, fruit trees.
• phytopathogen fungi which can be efficaciously fought by means of this technology, are:
• This method for stimulating the natural defence systems of plants and inducing resistance in plants is capable of exerting a fungicidal action of both a curative and preventive nature.
• a further object of the present invention relates to a method for controlling phytopathogen fungi in agricultural crops, which includes the use of two or more compounds selected from at least two of the following groups: one or more compounds belonging to the ESA-group and/or one or more compounds belonging to the PRO group and/or one or more compounds belonging to the MOD group, wherein ESA, PRO and MOD have the above-mentioned meanings, both in blends and through applicative programs which envisage their alternated use.
• the amount of each compound, selected from those defined as ESA, PRO and MOD, to be applied for obtaining the desired effect can vary according to several factors, such as, for example, the compound used, the crop to be preserved, the type of pathogen, the degree of infection, the climatic conditions, the application method, the formulation adopted.
• the dosage of each compound selected from ESA, PRO and MOD can range from 0.5 g to 5 kg per hectare and normally provide a sufficient control.
• the application of this method can be effected on all parts of the plant, for example on the leaves, stems, branches and roots, or on the seed itself before sowing, or on the ground in which the plant grows.
• Blends formulated in the form of dry powders, wettable powders, emulsifying concentrates, micro-emulsions, pastes, granulates, solutions, suspensions, etc. can be adopted: the choice of the type of formulation will depend on the specific use.
• the blends are prepared in the known way, for example by diluting or dissolving the active substance with a solvent medium and/or a solid diluent, possibly in the presence of surfactants.
• Solid diluents or supports which can be used are for example: silica, kaolin, bentonite, talc, infusorial earth, dolomite, calcium carbonate, magnesia, gypsum, clay, synthetic silicates, attapulgite, sepiolite.
• Liquid diluents which can be used, are for example, in addition to water, aromatic organic solvents (xylols or blends of alkylbenzols, chlorobenzenes, etc.) paraffins (petroleum fractions), alcohols (methanol, propanol, butanol, octanol, glycerine, etc.), esters (ethyl or isobutyl acetate, etc.) ketones (cyclohexanone, acetone, acetophenone, isophorone; ethyl amyl ketone, etc.), amides (N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpirrolydone, etc.).
• aromatic organic solvents xylols or blends of alkylbenzols, chlorobenzenes, etc.
• paraffins petroleum fractions
• alcohols methanol, propanol, butanol, octan
• Sodium salts, calcium salts, triethylamine or triethanolamine, alkylaryl sulphonates, polyethoxylated alkylphenols, polyethoxylated esters of sorbitol, lignin-sulphonates, etc. can be used as surfactants.
• blends according to the present invention can also contain special additives for particular purposes, for example adhesive agents, such as gum Arabic, polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, etc.
• adhesive agents such as gum Arabic, polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, etc.
• other compatible active principles can be added to the blend according to the present invention, such as, for example, other fungicides, phytoregulators, antibiotics, herbicides, insecticides, fertilizers.
• compositions of the invention are:
• AC-382042 ampropylfos, anilazine, azaconazole, azoxystrobin, benalaxyl (in its racemic form or as an optically active R isomer), benclothiaz, benomyl, bitertanol, blasticidin-S, bromuconazole, bupirimate, buthiobate, captafol, captan, carbendazim, carboxin, carpropamid, chinomethionat, chloroneb, chlorothalonil, chlozolinate, cyazofamid, cymoxanil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, debacarb, dichlofluanid, dichlone, diclobutrazol, diclomezine, dicloran, dicyclomet, diethofencarb, diphenoconazole, diflumetorim, dimethirimol, dimethomorph, dinicon
• fungicidal compounds are products already on the market or about to be commercialized. Their description can be easily found in technical literature, for example in “The pesticide manual”, 2000, XII edition, British Crop Protection Council Ed.
• IR5885 refers to one of the compounds among those claimed in patent application EP-A-1028125.
• concentration of active principle in the above blends can vary within a wide range depending on the active compound, the applications for which it is destined, the environmental conditions and type of formulation adopted.
• the concentration of active principle generally ranges from 1 to 90%, preferably from 5 to 50%.
• the plants were kept in a humidity saturated environment, at 21° C., for the incubation period of the fungus and, at the end of this period (7 days), the fungicidal activity is evaluated according to an evaluation percentage scale from 100 (healthy plant) to 0 (completely infected plant)
• Blend activity according Doses to Experimental ppm* Activity Limpel blend Synergy Undesired Blends (g ⁇ y ) (y) (E) activity Factor effects **TiO 2 24 24 83.28 100 1.20 0 Prussian blue 12.5 13 80.86 100 1.24 0 FeSO 4 28 40 86.80 100 1.15 0 ZnSO 4 33 22 82.84 100 1.21 0 CuSO 4 32 48 88.56 100 1.13 0 **ZnO 33 30 84.60 99 1.17 0 Saccharide 28 7 79.54 90 1.13 0 polyacrilyc copolymer (Beixon AB) *the doses in ppm refer to the quantity of Equivalent Metal; **TiO 2 has a particle size equal to 0.15 micron; ZnO has a particle size ranging of from 0.05 to 0.07 micron. Undesired effects refer to the appearance of necrosis or leaf decolouring.
• Blend activity according Doses to Experimental Un- ppm* Activity Limpel blend Synergy desired Blends (g ⁇ y ) (y) (E) activity Factor effects **TiO 2 24 24 88.60 100 1.13 2 Prussian 12.5 13 86.95 100 1.15 4 blue FeSO 4 28 40 91.00 100 1.09 5 ZnSO 4 33 22 88.30 100 1.13 5 CuSO 4 32 48 92.20 100 1.08 5 **ZnO 33 30 89.5 100 1.11 3 *the doses in ppm refer to the quantity of Equivalent Metal. **TiO 2 has a particle size equal to 0.15 micron; ZnO has a particle size ranging of from 0.05 to 0.07 micron. Undesired effects refer to the appearance of necrosis or
• Undesired effects refer to the appearance of necrosis or leaf decolouring.
• Blend activity according Doses to Experimental Un- ppm* Activity Limpel blend Synergy desired Blends (g ⁇ y ) (y) (E) activity Factor effects **TiO 2 24 5 85.75 98 1.14 0 FeSO 4 28 15 87.25 98 1.12 0 ZnSO 4 33 20 88.0 98 1.14 0 CuSO 4 32 45 91.75 100 1.09 0 **ZnO 33 15 87.25 97 1.11 0 *the doses in ppm refer to the quantity of Equivalent Metal. **TiO 2 has a particle size equal to 0.15 micron; ZnO has a particle size ranging of from 0.05 to 0.07 micron. Undesired effects refer to the appearance of necrosis or leaf decolouring.
• Leaves of cultivar Borlotto of Vigevano bean plants grown in vases, in a conditioned environment (25 ⁇ 1° C., 60% relative humidity), were treated by spraying both sides of the leaves with the blends in question dispersed in an aqueous solution containing 0.3% of tween 20.
• Blend activity Experimental ppm* Activity according to blend Synergy Undesired Blends (g ⁇ y ) (y) Limpel (E) activity Factor effects **TiO 2 + ATCA*** 24 24 88.60 100 1.13 0 Prussian blue + ATCA 12.5 13 86.95 100 1.15 0 FeSO 4 + TCA*** 28 40 91.00 100 1.09 0 ZnSO 4 + ATCA 33 22 88.30 100 1.13 0 CuSO 4 + TCA 32 48 92.20 100 1.08 0 **ZnO + ATCA 33 30 89.5 100 1.11 0 *the doses in ppm refer to the quantity of Equivalent Metal.

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• 2004
  • 2004-03-03 IT IT000402A patent/ITMI20040402A1/it unknown
• 2005
  • 2005-02-23 BR BRPI0507898-9A patent/BRPI0507898B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-02-23 ES ES05715500T patent/ES2390970T3/es active Active
  • 2005-02-23 WO PCT/EP2005/001924 patent/WO2005094580A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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  • 2005-02-23 CN CN2005800067602A patent/CN1925748B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-02-23 EP EP05715500A patent/EP1720408B1/en not_active Not-in-force
  • 2005-02-23 US US10/590,281 patent/US20070173459A1/en not_active Abandoned
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• 2010
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