US20070155690A1 - RNAi-mediated inhibition of HIF1A for treatment of ocular angiogenesis - Google Patents

RNAi-mediated inhibition of HIF1A for treatment of ocular angiogenesis Download PDF

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US20070155690A1
US20070155690A1 US11/642,016 US64201606A US2007155690A1 US 20070155690 A1 US20070155690 A1 US 20070155690A1 US 64201606 A US64201606 A US 64201606A US 2007155690 A1 US2007155690 A1 US 2007155690A1
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nucleotides
seq
interfering rna
strand
mrna
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Jon Chatterton
David Bingaman
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Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals Inc
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Alcon Manufacturing Ltd
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Priority to US11/642,016 priority Critical patent/US20070155690A1/en
Assigned to ALCON MANUFACTURING, LTD. reassignment ALCON MANUFACTURING, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BINGAMAN, DAVID P., CHATTERTON, JON E.
Publication of US20070155690A1 publication Critical patent/US20070155690A1/en
Assigned to ALCON RESEARCH, LTD. reassignment ALCON RESEARCH, LTD. MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ALCON MANUFACTURING, LTD.
Priority to US12/706,014 priority patent/US7981870B2/en
Priority to US13/113,782 priority patent/US20110257246A1/en
Priority to US13/474,405 priority patent/US8471000B2/en
Priority to US13/904,431 priority patent/US8940887B2/en
Priority to US14/566,234 priority patent/US20150167002A1/en
Assigned to ARROWHEAD RESEARCH CORPORATION reassignment ARROWHEAD RESEARCH CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ALCON RESEARCH, LTD.
Priority to US15/470,060 priority patent/US20170198294A1/en
Priority to US16/193,617 priority patent/US20190071676A1/en
Priority to US16/259,107 priority patent/US20190144866A1/en
Priority to US16/404,795 priority patent/US20190256854A1/en
Priority to US16/512,744 priority patent/US20190338287A1/en
Priority to US16/667,345 priority patent/US20200048637A1/en
Priority to US16/784,402 priority patent/US20200165615A1/en
Priority to US16/877,764 priority patent/US20200277608A1/en
Priority to US17/003,305 priority patent/US20200392508A1/en
Priority to US17/115,743 priority patent/US20210108206A1/en
Priority to US17/224,327 priority patent/US20210230603A1/en
Priority to US17/506,088 priority patent/US20220042021A1/en
Priority to US17/666,214 priority patent/US20220162614A1/en
Priority to US17/841,137 priority patent/US20220364097A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of interfering RNA compositions for inhibition of expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 ⁇ (HIF-1 ⁇ ), the protein encoded by HIF1A MRNA, in ocular angiogenesis, including those cellular changes resulting from the transcription factor activity of HIF-1 ⁇ that lead directly or indirectly to ocular neovasularization, retinal edema, diabetic retinopathy, sequela associated with retinal ischemia, posterior segment neovascularization, and neovascular glaucoma, for example.
  • hypoxia-inducible factor-1 ⁇ HIF-1 ⁇
  • HIF1A MRNA the protein encoded by HIF1A MRNA
  • Diabetic retinopathy is an eye disease that develops in diabetes due to changes in the cells that line blood vessels, i.e. the retinal microvascular endothelium.
  • hyperglycemia can cause damage in a number of ways.
  • glucose or a metabolite of glucose, binds to the amino groups of proteins, leading to tissue damage.
  • excess glucose enters the polyol pathway resulting in accumulations of sorbitol. Sorbitol cannot be metabolized by the cells of the retina and can contribute to high intracellular osmotic pressure, intracellular edema, impaired diffusion, tissue hypoxia, capillary cell damage, and capillary weakening.
  • Diabetic retinopathy involves thickening of capillary basement membranes which may in turn prevent pericytes, the predominant perivascular cell type in retinal capillaries, from contacting endothelial cells. Pericyte and endothelial cell death occurs through an apoptotic mechanism during diabetic retinopathy, where the loss of pericytes likely increases the permeability of the capillaries and leads to breakdown of the blood-retina barrier and blood flow dysregulation. Weakened capillaries lead to aneurysm formation and further leakage. These effects of hyperglycemia can also impair neuronal functions in the retina.
  • Diabetic retinopathy may be of the background type, progressively characterized by microaneurysms; intraretinal punctate hemorrhages; yellow, waxy exudates; cotton-wool patches; and macular edema. This is an early stage of diabetic retinopathy termed nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.
  • proliferative diabetic retinopathy is characterized by neovascularization of the retina and optic disk which may project into the vitreous, proliferation of fibrous tissue, vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal detachment.
  • Neovascularization also occurs in a type of glaucoma called neovascular glaucoma in which increased intraocular pressure is caused by growth of connective tissue and new blood vessels upon the trabecular meshwork.
  • Neovascular glaucoma is a form of secondary glaucoma caused by neovascularization in the chamber angle.
  • PSNV posterior segment neovascularization
  • AMD exudative age-related macular degeneration
  • PDR posterior segment neovascularization
  • AMD exudative age-related macular degeneration
  • VISUDYNETM photodynamic therapy
  • Both therapies involve occlusion of affected vasculature, which results in permanent, laser-induced damage to the retina, and does not address the underlying cause of neovascularization.
  • Recurrence of neovascularization from the same area is common.
  • surgical interventions with vitrectomy and removal of preretinal membranes are the only options currently available, as well as a laser therapy called panretinal photocoagulation to prevent the production of more new vessels.
  • VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
  • HIF-1 hypoxia-inducible factor-1
  • HIF1A is not considered to be “druggable” in the classical sense. Furthermore, the silencing of individual downstream effectors of HIF-1, such as VEGF or RTP801, may only partially block neovascularization.
  • the present invention addresses the above-cited problems and provides interfering RNAs targeting HIF1A, the transcriptional control gene for downstream genes involved in angiogenesis and vascular permeability (edema).
  • the present invention is directed to interfering RNAs that silence HIF1A mRNA expression, thus decreasing transcriptional activity of HIF-1 inducible genes and treating ocular angiogenesis by effecting a lowering of ocular pre-angiogenic and angiogenic cellular activity.
  • ocular angiogenesis includes ocular pre-angiogenic conditions and ocular angiogenic conditions, and includes those cellular changes resulting from the expression of HIF1-inducible genes that lead directly or indirectly to ocular angiogenesis, ocular neovasularization, retinal edema, diabetic retinopathy, sequela associated with retinal ischemia, PSNV, and neovascular glaucoma, for example.
  • the interfering RNAs of the invention are useful for treating patients with ocular angiogenesis, ocular neovasularization, retinal edema, diabetic retinopathy, sequela associated with retinal ischemia, posterior segment neovascularization (PSNV), and neovascular glaucoma, or patients at risk of developing such conditions, for example.
  • PSNV posterior segment neovascularization
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method of attenuating expression of an HIF1A target mRNA in a subject.
  • the method comprises administering to the subject a composition comprising an effective amount of interfering RNA having a length of 19 to 49 nucleotides and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • administration is to an eye of the subject for attenuating expression of an ocular angiogenesis target in a human.
  • the interfering RNA comprises a sense nucleotide strand, an antisense nucleotide strand and a region of at least near-perfect contiguous complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides.
  • the antisense strand hybridizes under physiological conditions to a portion of an mRNA corresponding to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:2 which are the sense cDNA sequences encoding HIF1A variant 1 and variant 2, respectively (GenBank accession no. NM — 001530 and NM — 181054, respectively).
  • the antisense strand has a region of at least near-perfect contiguous complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides with the hybridizing portion of mRNA corresponding to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:2, respectively.
  • the administration of such a composition attenuates the expression of an HIF1A target of the subject.
  • an interfering RNA is designed to target an mRNA corresponding to SEQ ID NO:1 comprising nucleotide 411, 580, 583, 868, 869, 1099, 1100, 1242, 1302, 1371, 1396, 1559, 1560, 1809, 2085, 2087, 2105, 2138, 2256, 2358, 2422, 2636, 2666, 2743, 2858, 2861, 3135, 3544, 3554, 1943, 1791, 2351, or 1408.
  • an interfering RNA is designed to target an MRNA corresponding to SEQ ID NO:2 comprising nucleotide 2360, 2411, 2420, 2536, 2539, 2545, 2616, 2731, 2734, 3008, or 3427.
  • the present invention further provides for administering a second interfering RNA to a subject in addition to a first interfering RNA.
  • the method comprises administering to the subject a second interfering RNA having a length of 19 to 49 nucleotides and comprising a sense nucleotide strand, an antisense nucleotide strand, and a region of at least near-perfect contiguous complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides; wherein the antisense strand of the second interfering RNA hybridizes under physiological conditions to a second portion of mRNA corresponding to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:2 and the antisense strand has a region of at least near-perfect contiguous complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides with the second hybridizing portion of mRNA corresponding to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:2, respectively.
  • a third, fourth, or fifth, etc. interfering RNA may be administered in a similar manner.
  • Another embodiment of the invention is a method of attenuating expression of HIF1A in a subject comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising an effective amount of single-stranded interfering RNA having a length of 19 to 49 nucleotides and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the single-stranded interfering RNA hybridizes under physiological conditions to a portion of mRNA corresponding to SEQ ID NO:1 comprising nucleotide 411,580,583, 868,869, 1099, 1100, 1242, 1302, 1371, 1396, 1559, 1560, 1809,2085,2087,2105, 2138, 2256, 2358, 2422, 2636, 2666, 2743, 2858, 2861, 3135, 3544, 3554, 1943, 1791, 2351, or 1408, and the interfering RNA has a region of at least near-perfect contiguous complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides with the hybridizing portion of MRNA corresponding to SEQ ID NO:1.
  • the single-stranded interfering RNA hybridizes under physiological conditions to a portion of mRNA corresponding to SEQ ID NO:2 comprising nucleotide 2360, 2411, 2420, 2536, 2539, 2545, 2616, 2731, 2734, 3008, or 3427. Expression of HIF1A is thereby attenuated.
  • a further embodiment of the invention is a method of treating ocular angiogenesis in a subject in need thereof.
  • the method comprises administering to an eye of the subject a composition comprising an effective amount of interfering RNA having a length of 19 to 49 nucleotides and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, the interfering RNA comprising a sense nucleotide strand, an antisense nucleotide strand, and a region of at least near-perfect contiguous complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides.
  • the antisense strand hybridizes under physiological conditions to a portion of MRNA corresponding to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:2 and has a region of at least near-perfect contiguous complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides with the hybridizing portion of mRNA corresponding to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:2, respectively.
  • the ocular angiogenesis is treated thereby.
  • Another embodiment of the invention is a method of treating ocular angiogenesis in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to an eye of the subject a composition comprising an effective amount of interfering RNA having a length of 19 to 49 nucleotides and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, the interfering RNA comprising a region of at least 13 contiguous nucleotides having at least 90% sequence complementarity to, or at least 90% sequence identity with, the penultimate 13 nucleotides of the 3′ end of an mRNA corresponding to any one of SEQ ID NO:3 and SEQ ID NO:9-SEQ ID NO:51, wherein the ocular angiogenesis is treated thereby.
  • Another embodiment of the invention is a method of attenuating expression of an HIF1A target mRNA in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising an effective amount of interfering RNA having a length of 19 to 49 nucleotides and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, where the interfering RNA comprises a region of at least 13 contiguous nucleotides having at least 90% sequence complementarity to, or at least 90% sequence identity with, the penultimate 13 nucleotides of the 3′ end of an mRNA corresponding to any one of SEQ ID NO:3 and SEQ ID NO:9-SEQ ID NO:51.
  • the region of contiguous nucleotides is a region of at least 14 contiguous nucleotides having at least 85% sequence complementarity to, or at least 85% sequence identity with, the penultimate 14 nucleotides of the 3′ end of an mRNA corresponding to the sequence of the sequence identifier.
  • the region of contiguous nucleotides is a region of at least 15, 16, 17, or 18 contiguous nucleotides having at least 80% sequence complementarity to, or at least 80% sequence identity with, the penultimate 15, 16, 17, or 18 nucleotides, respectively, of the 3′ end of an mRNA corresponding to the sequence identified by the sequence identifier.
  • a further embodiment of the invention is a method of treating ocular angiogenesis in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising a double stranded siRNA molecule that down regulates expression of a HIF1A gene via RNA interference, wherein each strand of the siRNA molecule is independently about 19 to about 27 nucleotides in length; and one strand of the siRNA molecule comprises a nucleotide sequence having substantial complementarity to an mRNA corresponding to the HIF1A gene, respectively, so that the siRNA molecule directs cleavage of the mRNA via RNA interference.
  • a composition comprising interfering RNA having a length of 19 to 49 nucleotides and having a nucleotide sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO:3, and SEQ ID NO:9-SEQ ID NO:51, or a complement thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the interfering RNA is isolated.
  • isolated means that the interfering RNA is free of its total natural mileau.
  • compositions comprising a double stranded siRNA molecule that down regulates expression of a HIF1A gene via RNA interference, wherein each strand of the siRNA molecule is independently about 19 to about 27 nucleotides in length; and one strand of the siRNA molecule comprises a nucleotide sequence has substantial complementarity to an mRNA corresponding to the HIF1A gene, respectively, so that the siRNA molecule directs cleavage of the mRNA via RNA interference.
  • the figure provides a HIF-1 ⁇ western blot of HeLa cells transfected with HIF1A siRNAs #1, #3, #5, and #6, and a RISC-free control siRNA, each at 10 nM, 1 nM, and 0.1 nM; a non-targeting control siRNA (NTC2) at 10 nM; and a buffer control (-siRNA).
  • the arrows indicate the positions of the 93-kDa HIF-1 ⁇ protein and the 42-kDa actin protein bands.
  • RNA interference is a process by which double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is used to silence gene expression. While not wanting to be bound by theory, RNAi begins with the cleavage of longer dsRNAs into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by an RNaseIII-like enzyme, dicer. SiRNAs are dsRNAs that are usually about 19 to 28 nucleotides, or 20 to 25 nucleotides, or 21 to 22 nucleotides in length and often contain 2-nucleotide 3′ overhangs, and 5′ phosphate and 3′ hydroxyl termini.
  • RISC RNA-induced silencing complex
  • siRNA-induced silencing complex uses this siRNA strand to identify mRNA molecules that are at least partially complementary to the incorporated siRNA strand, and then cleaves these target mRNAs or inhibits their translation. Therefore, the siRNA strand that is incorporated into RISC is known as the guide strand or the antisense strand.
  • the other siRNA strand known as the passenger strand or the sense strand, is eliminated from the siRNA and is at least partially homologous to the target mRNA.
  • siRNA design e.g., decreased siRNA duplex stability at the 5′ end of the antisense strand
  • siRNA design can favor incorporation of the antisense strand into RISC.
  • RISC-mediated cleavage of mRNAs having a sequence at least partially complementary to the guide strand leads to a decrease in the steady state level of that mRNA and of the corresponding protein encoded by this mRNA.
  • RISC can also decrease expression of the corresponding protein via translational repression without cleavage of the target mRNA.
  • Other RNA molecules and RNA-like molecules can also interact with RISC and silence gene expression. Examples of other RNA molecules that can interact with RISC include short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), single-stranded siRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), and dicer-substrate 27-mer duplexes.
  • RNA refers to a double-stranded interfering RNA unless otherwise noted.
  • RNA-like molecules that can interact with RISC include RNA molecules containing one or more chemically modified nucleotides, one or more deoxyribonucleotides, and/or one or more non-phosphodiester linkages.
  • interfering RNAs all RNA or RNA-like molecules that can interact with RISC and participate in RISC-mediated changes in gene expression will be referred to as “interfering RNAs.”
  • SiRNAs, shRNAs, miRNAs, and dicer-substrate 27-mer duplexes are, therefore, subsets of “interfering RNAs.”
  • Interfering RNA of embodiments of the invention appear to act in a catalytic manner for cleavage of target mRNA, i.e., interfering RNA is able to effect inhibition of target MRNA in substoichiometric amounts. As compared to antisense therapies, significantly less interfering RNA is required to provide a therapeutic effect under such cleavage conditions.
  • the present invention relates to the use of interfering RNA to inhibit the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1A (HIF1A), thus interfering with transcription of a number of genes that would otherwise be induced in response to reduced oxygen tension.
  • interfering RNAs as set forth herein, provided exogenously or expressed endogenously, are particularly effective at silencing of HIF1A mRNA.
  • nucleic acid sequences cited herein are written in a 5′ to 3′ direction unless indicated otherwise.
  • the term “nucleic acid,” as used herein, refers to either DNA or RNA or a modified form thereof comprising the purine or pyrimidine bases present in DNA (adenine “A,” cytosine “C,” guanine “G,” thymine “T”) or in RNA (adenine “A,” cytosine “C,” guanine “G,” uracil “U”).
  • Interfering RNAs provided herein may comprise “T” bases, particularly at 3′ ends, even though “T” bases do not naturally occur in RNA.
  • Nucleic acid includes the terms “oligonucleotide” and “polynucleotide” and can refer to a single-stranded molecule or a double-stranded molecule.
  • a double-stranded molecule is formed by Watson-Crick base pairing between A and T bases, C and G bases, and between A and U bases.
  • the strands of a double-stranded molecule may have partial, substantial or full complementarity to each other and will form a duplex hybrid, the strength of bonding of which is dependent upon the nature and degree of complementarity of the sequence of bases.
  • SEQ ID NO:1 provides the sense strand sequence of DNA corresponding to the mRNA for HIF1A variant 1.
  • the mRNA sequence is identical to the DNA sense strand sequence with the “T” bases replaced with “U” bases. Therefore, the mRNA sequence of HIF1A variant 1 is known from SEQ ID NO:1 and the mRNA sequence of HIF1A variant 2 is known from SEQ ID NO:2.
  • Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 mRNA (HIF1A variant 1 and variant 2): Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that is responsible for changes in expression in a number of genes in response to reduced oxygen tension. HIF-1 is a heterodimer composed of alpha and beta subunits encoded by HIF1A and ARNT, respectively. At least two HIF-1-inducible genes have been implicated in pathological neovascularization in the retina including VEGF and RTP801 (REDD1). Therefore, inhibition of expression of HIF1A is provided herein to attenuate transcription of such genes and activity of the gene products.
  • GenBank database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information at ncbi.nlm.nih.gov provides the DNA sequence for HIF1A variant 1 as accession no. NM — 001530, provided in the “Sequence Listing” as SEQ ID NO:1.
  • SEQ ID NO:1 provides the sense strand sequence of DNA that corresponds to the mRNA encoding HIF1A variant 1 (with the exception of “T” bases for “U” bases).
  • the coding sequence for HIF1A variant 1 is from nucleotides 285-2765.
  • HIF1A variant 1 mRNA sequence is alternative splice forms, allelic forms, isozymes, or a cognate thereof.
  • a cognate is an HIF1A mRNA from another mammalian species that is homologous to SEQ ID NO:1 (an ortholog).
  • GenBank database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information at ncbi.nlm.nih.gov provides the DNA sequence for HIF1A variant 2 as accession no. NM — 181054, provided in the “Sequence Listing” as SEQ ID NO:2.
  • SEQ ID NO:2 provides the sense strand sequence of DNA that corresponds to the mRNA encoding HIF1A variant 2 (with the exception of “T” bases for “U” bases).
  • the coding sequence for HIF1A variant 2 is from nucleotides 285-2492.
  • HIF1A variant 2 mRNA sequence is alternative splice forms, allelic forms, isozymes, or a cognate thereof.
  • a cognate is an HIF1A variant 2 miRNA from another mammalian species that is homologous to SEQ ID NO:2 (an ortholog).
  • Attenuating expression of an mRNA means administering or expressing an amount of interfering RNA (e.g., an siRNA) to reduce translation of the target mRNA into protein, either through mRNA cleavage or through direct inhibition of translation.
  • interfering RNA e.g., an siRNA
  • the reduction in expression of the target mRNA or the corresponding protein is commonly referred to as “knock-down” and is reported relative to levels present following administration or expression of a non-targeting control RNA (e.g., a non-targeting control siRNA). Knock-down of expression of an amount including and between 50% and 100% is contemplated by embodiments herein.
  • a single interfering RNA targeting the HIF1A mRNA is administered to decrease production of HIF1A.
  • two or more interfering RNAs targeting the HIF1A target are administered to decrease expression.
  • a first interfering RNA targeting the HIF1A variant 1 target and a second interfering RNA targeting the HIF1A variant 2 target are administered to decrease HIF1A expression.
  • Knock-down is commonly assessed by measuring the mRNA levels using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) amplification or by measuring protein levels by western blot or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Analyzing the protein level provides an assessment of both mRNA cleavage as well as translation inhibition. Further techniques for measuring knock-down include RNA solution hybridization, nuclease protection, northern hybridization, gene expression monitoring with a microarray, antibody binding, radioimmunoassay, and fluorescence activated cell analysis.
  • qPCR quantitative polymerase chain reaction
  • ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
  • Targets cited herein are also inferred in a human or mammal by observing an improvement in an ocular angiogenesis symptom such as improvement in retinal edema, diabetic retinopathy, retinal ischemia, or in posterior segment neovascularization (PSNV), for example.
  • an ocular angiogenesis symptom such as improvement in retinal edema, diabetic retinopathy, retinal ischemia, or in posterior segment neovascularization (PSNV), for example.
  • PSNV posterior segment neovascularization
  • Interfering RNA In one embodiment of the invention, interfering RNA (e.g., siRNA) has a sense strand and an antisense strand, and the sense and antisense strands comprise a region of at least near-perfect contiguous complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides.
  • interfering RNA e.g., siRNA
  • interfering RNA e.g., siRNA
  • the antisense strand comprises a region of at least near-perfect contiguous complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides to a target sequence of HIF1A MRNA
  • the sense strand comprises a region of at least near-perfect contiguous identity of at least 19 nucleotides with a target sequence of HIF1A mRNA, respectively.
  • the interfering RNA comprises a region of at least 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 contiguous nucleotides having percentages of sequence complementarity to or, having percentages of sequence identity with, the penultimate 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 nucleotides, respectively, of the 3′ end of the corresponding target sequence within an mRNA.
  • each strand of the interfering RNA comprises 19 to 49 nucleotides, and may comprise a length of 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, or 49 nucleotides.
  • the antisense strand of an siRNA is the active guiding agent of the siRNA in that the antisense strand is incorporated into RISC, thus allowing RISC to identify target mRNAs with at least partial complementary to the antisense siRNA strand for cleavage or translational repression.
  • interfering RNA target sequences within a target mRNA sequence are selected using available design tools.
  • Interfering RNAs corresponding to a HIF1A target sequence are then tested by transfection of cells expressing the target mRNA followed by assessment of knockdown as described above.
  • siRNA selection techniques are provided by Tuschl, T. et al., “The siRNA User Guide,” revised May 6, 2004, available on the Rockefeller University web site; by Technical Bulletin #506, “siRNA Design Guidelines,” Ambion Inc. at Ambion's web site; and by other web-based design tools at, for example, the Invitrogen, Dharmacon, Integrated DNA Technologies, Genscript, or Proligo web sites.
  • Initial search parameters can include G/C contents between 35% and 55% and siRNA lengths between 19 and 27 nucleotides.
  • the target sequence may be located in the coding region or in the 5′ or 3′ untranslated regions of the mRNA.
  • An embodiment of a 19-nucleotide DNA target sequence common to HIF1A variant 1 and HIV1A variant 2 is present at nucleotides 411 to 429 of SEQ ID NO:1: 5′- CAGTTGCCACTTCCACATA -3′.
  • siRNA of the invention for targeting a corresponding mRNA sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 and having 21 -nucleotide strands and a 2-nucleotide 3′ overhang is: 5′- CAGUUGCCACUUCCACAUANN -3′ SEQ ID NO:4 3′- NNGUCAACGGUGAAGGUGUAU -5′.
  • SEQ ID NO:5 Each “N” residue can be any nucleotide (A, C, G, U, T) or modified nucleotide. The 3′ end can have a number of “N” residues between and including 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
  • the “N” residues on either strand can be the same residue (e.g., U, AA, CC, GG, or TT) or they can be different (e.g., AC, AG, AU, CA, CG, CU, GA, GC, GU, UA, UC, or UG).
  • the 3′ overhangs can be the same or they can be different. In one embodiment, both strands have a 3′UU overhang.
  • siRNA of the invention for targeting a corresponding mRNA sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 and having 21 -nucleotide strands and a 3′UU overhang on each strand is: 5′- CAGUUGCCACUUCCACAUAUU -3′
  • SEQ ID NO:6 3′- UUGUCAACGGUGAAGGUGUAU -5′.
  • the interfering RNA may also have a 5′ overhang of nucleotides or it may have blunt ends.
  • An siRNA of the invention for targeting a corresponding mRNA sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 and having 19-nucleotide strands and blunt ends is: 5′- CAGUUGCCACUUCCACAUA -3′ SEQ ID NO:52 3′- GUCAACGGUGAAGGUGUAU -5′.
  • the strands of a double-stranded interfering RNA may be connected to form a hairpin or stem-loop structure (e.g., an shRNA).
  • a hairpin or stem-loop structure e.g., an shRNA.
  • An shRNA of the invention targeting a corresponding mRNA sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 and having a 19 bp double-stranded stem region and a 3′UU overhang is:
  • N is a nucleotide A, T, C, G, U, or a modified form known by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the number of nucleotides N in the loop is a number between and including 3 to 23, or 5 to 15, or 7 to 13, or 4 to 9, or 9 to 11, or the number of nucleotides N is 9.
  • nucleotides in the loop can be involved in base-pair interactions with other nucleotides in the loop.
  • oligonucleotide sequences that can be used to form the loop include 5′-UUCAAGAGA-3′ (Brummelkamp, T. R. et al. (2002) Science 296: 550) and 5′-UUUGUGUAG-3′ (Castanotto, D. et al. (2002) RNA 8:1454). It will be recognized by one of skill in the art that the resulting single chain oligonucleotide forms a stem-loop or hairpin structure comprising a double-stranded region capable of interacting with the RNAi machinery.
  • siRNA target sequence identified above can be extended at the 3′ end to facilitate the design of dicer-substrate 27-mer duplexes.
  • Extension of the 19-nucleotide DNA target sequence (SEQ ID NO:3) identified in the HIF1A DNA sequence (SEQ ID NO:1) by 6 nucleotides yields a 25-nucleotide DNA target sequence present at nucleotides 411 to 435 of SEQ ID NO:1: 5′- CAGTTGCCACTTCCACATAATGTGA -3′.
  • a dicer-substrate 27-mer duplex of the invention for targeting a corresponding mRNA sequence of SEQ ID NO:54 is: 5′- CAGUUGCCACUUCCACAUAAUGUGA -3′ SEQ ID NO:55 3′- UUGUCAACGGUGAAGGUGUAUUACACU -5′.
  • SEQ ID NO:56 The two nucleotides at the 3′ end of the sense strand (i.e., the GA nucleotides of SEQ ID NO:55) may be deoxynucleotides for enhanced processing.
  • phosphorylation at the 5′ position of the nucleotide at the 5′ end of one or both strands can enhance siRNA efficacy and specificity of the bound RISC complex but is not required since phosphorylation can occur intracellularly.
  • Table 1 lists examples of HIF1A variant 1 and variant 2 DNA target sequences of SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:2, respectively, from which siRNAs of the present invention are designed in a manner as set forth above.
  • HIF1A encodes hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha, as noted above.
  • one of skill in the art is able to use the target sequence information provided in Table 1 to design interfering RNAs having a length shorter or longer than the sequences provided in the table and by referring to the sequence position in SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:2 and adding or deleting nucleotides complementary or near complementary to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:2 respectively.
  • siRNAs and other forms of interfering RNA is highly sequence specific.
  • siRNA containing a sense nucleotide strand identical in sequence to a portion of the target mRNA and an antisense nucleotide strand exactly complementary to a portion of the target mRNA are siRNA embodiments for inhibition of mRNAs cited herein.
  • 100% sequence complementarity between the antisense siRNA strand and the target mRNA, or between the antisense siRNA strand and the sense siRNA strand is not required to practice the present invention.
  • the invention allows for sequence variations that might be expected due to genetic mutation, strain polymorphism, or evolutionary divergence.
  • the antisense strand of the siRNA has at least near-perfect contiguous complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides with the target mRNA.
  • Near-perfect means the antisense strand of the siRNA is “substantially complementary to,” and the sense strand of the siRNA is “substantially identical to” at least a portion of the target mRNA.
  • Identity is the degree of sequence relatedness between nucleotide sequences as determined by matching the order and identity of nucleotides between the sequences.
  • the antisense strand of an siRNA having 80% and between 80% up to 100% complementarity, for example, 85%, 90% or 95% complementarity, to the target mRNA sequence are considered near-perfect complementarity and may be used in the present invention.
  • Perfect contiguous complementarity is standard Watson-Crick base pairing of adjacent base pairs.
  • At least near-perfect contiguous complementarity includes “perfect” complementarity as used herein.
  • Computer methods for determining identity or complementarity are designed to identify the greatest degree of matching of nucleotide sequences, for example, BLASTN (Altschul, S. F., et al. (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410).
  • percent identity describes the percentage of contiguous nucleotides in a first nucleic acid molecule that is the same as in a set of contiguous nucleotides of the same length in a second nucleic acid molecule.
  • percent complementarity describes the percentage of contiguous nucleotides in a first nucleic acid molecule that can base pair in the Watson-Crick sense with a set of contiguous nucleotides in a second nucleic acid molecule.
  • the relationship between a target mRNA (sense strand) and one strand of an siRNA (the sense strand) is that of identity.
  • the sense strand of an siRNA is also called a passenger strand, if present.
  • the relationship between a target mRNA (sense strand) and the other strand of an siRNA (the antisense strand) is that of complementarity.
  • the antisense strand of an siRNA is also called a guide strand.
  • the penultimate base in a nucleic acid sequence that is written in a 5′ to 3′ direction is the next to the last base, i.e., the base next to the 3′ base.
  • the penultimate 13 bases of a nucleic acid sequence written in a 5′ to 3′ direction are the last 13 bases of a sequence next to the 3′ base and not including the 3′ base.
  • the penultimate 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 bases of a nucleic acid sequence written in a 5′ to 3′ direction are the last 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 bases of a sequence, respectively, next to the 3′ base and not including the 3′ base.
  • the region of contiguous nucleotides is a region of at least 14 contiguous nucleotides having at least 85% sequence complementarity to, or at least 85% sequence identity with, the penultimate 14 nucleotides of the 3′ end of an mRNA corresponding to the sequence identified by each sequence identifier.
  • the region of contiguous nucleotides is a region of at least 15, 16, 17, or 18 contiguous nucleotides having at least 80% sequence complementarity to, or at least 80% sequence identity with, the penultimate 14 nucleotides of the 3′ end of an MRNA corresponding to the sequence of the sequence identifier. Three nucleotide substitutions are included in such a phrase.
  • the target sequence in the mRNAs corresponding to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:2 may be in the 5′ or 3′ untranslated regions of the MRNA as well as in the coding region of the mRNA.
  • One or both of the strands of double-stranded interfering RNA may have a 3′ overhang of from 1 to 6 nucleotides, which may be ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides or a mixture thereof.
  • the nucleotides of the overhang are not base-paired.
  • the interfering RNA comprises a 3′ overhang of TT or UU.
  • the interfering RNA comprises at least one blunt end.
  • the termini usually have a 5′ phosphate group or a 3′ hydroxyl group.
  • the antisense strand has a 5′ phosphate group
  • the sense strand has a 5′ hydroxyl group.
  • the termini are further modified by covalent addition of other molecules or fimctional groups.
  • the sense and antisense strands of the double-stranded siRNA may be in a duplex formation of two single strands as described above or may be a single molecule where the regions of complementarity are base-paired and are covalently linked by a hairpin loop so as to form a single strand. It is believed that the hairpin is cleaved intracellularly by a protein termed dicer to form an interfering RNA of two individual base-paired RNA molecules.
  • Interfering RNAs may differ from naturally-occurring RNA by the addition, deletion, substitution or modification of one or more nucleotides.
  • Non-nucleotide material may be bound to the interfering RNA, either at the 5′ end, the 3′ end, or internally. Such modifications are commonly designed to increase the nuclease resistance of the interfering RNAs, to improve cellular uptake, to enhance cellular targeting, to assist in tracing the interfering RNA, to further improve stability, or to reduce the potential for activation of the interferon pathway.
  • interfering RNAs may comprise a purine nucleotide at the ends of overhangs. Conjugation of cholesterol to the 3′ end of the sense strand of an siRNA molecule by means of a pyrrolidine linker, for example, also provides stability to an siRNA.
  • Further modifications include a 3′ terminal biotin molecule, a peptide known to have cell-penetrating properties, a nanoparticle, a peptidomimetic, a fluorescent dye, or a dendrimer, for example.
  • Nucleotides may be modified on their base portion, on their sugar portion, or on the phosphate portion of the molecule and function in embodiments of the present invention. Modifications include substitutions with alkyl, alkoxy, amino, deaza, halo, hydroxyl, thiol groups, or a combination thereof, for example. Nucleotides may be substituted with analogs with greater stability such as replacing a ribonucleotide with a deoxyribonucleotide, or having sugar modifications such as 2′ OH groups replaced by 2′ amino groups, 2′ O-methyl groups, 2′ methoxyethyl groups, or a 2′-O, 4′-C methylene bridge, for example.
  • Examples of a purine or pyrimidine analog of nucleotides include a xanthine, a hypoxanthine, an azapurine, a methylthioadenine, 7-deaza-adenosine and O- and N-modified nucleotides.
  • the phosphate group of the nucleotide may be modified by substituting one or more of the oxygens of the phosphate group with nitrogen or with sulfur (phosphorothioates). Modifications are useful, for example, to enhance function, to improve stability or permeability, or to direct localization or targeting.
  • Non-complementary regions may be at the 3′, 5′ or both ends of a complementary region or between two complementary regions.
  • Interfering RNAs may be generated exogenously by chemical synthesis, by in vitro transcription, or by cleavage of longer double-stranded RNA with dicer or another appropriate nuclease with similar activity.
  • Chemically synthesized interfering RNAs produced from protected ribonucleoside phosphoramidites using a conventional DNA/RNA synthesizer, may be obtained from commercial suppliers such as Ambion Inc. (Austin, Tex.), Invitrogen (Carlsbad, Calif.), or Dharmacon (Lafayette, Colo.).
  • Interfering RNAs are purified by extraction with a solvent or resin, precipitation, electrophoresis, chromatography, or a combination thereof, for example. Alternatively, interfering RNA may be used with little if any purification to avoid losses due to sample processing.
  • Interfering RNAs can also be expressed endogenously from plasmid or viral expression vectors or from minimal expression cassettes, for example, PCR generated fragments comprising one or more promoters and an appropriate template or templates for the interfering RNA.
  • plasmid-based expression vectors for shRNA include members of the pSilencer series (Ambion, Austin, Tex.) and pCpG-siRNA (InvivoGen, San Diego, Calif.).
  • Viral vectors for expression of interfering RNA may be derived from a variety of viruses including adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, lentivirus (e.g., HIV, FIV, and EIAV), and herpes virus.
  • Examples of commercially available viral vectors for shRNA expression include pSilencer adeno (Ambion, Austin, Tex.) and pLenti6/BLOCK-iTTM-DEST (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.). Selection of viral vectors, methods for expressing the interfering RNA from the vector and methods of delivering the viral vector are within the ordinary skill of one in the art. Examples of kits for production of PCR-generated shRNA expression cassettes include Silencer Express (Ambion, Austin, Tex.) and siXpress (Mirus, Madison, Wis.).
  • a first interfering RNA may be administered via in vivo expression from a first expression vector capable of expressing the first interfering RNA and a second interfering RNA may be administered via in vivo expression from a second expression vector capable of expressing the second interfering RNA, or both interfering RNAs may be administered via in vivo expression from a single expression vector capable of expressing both interfering RNAs.
  • Interfering RNAs may be expressed from a variety of eukaryotic promoters known to those of ordinary skill in the art, including pol III promoters, such as the U6 or H1 promoters, or pol II promoters, such as the cytomegalovirus promoter. Those of skill in the art will recognize that these promoters can also be adapted to allow inducible expression of the interfering RNA.
  • an antisense strand of an interfering RNA hybridizes with an mRNA in vivo as part of the RISC complex.
  • Hybridization refers to a process in which single-stranded nucleic acids with complementary or near-complementary base sequences interact to form hydrogen-bonded complexes called hybrids. Hybridization reactions are sensitive and selective. In vitro, the specificity of hybridization (i.e., stringency) is controlled by the concentrations of salt or formamide in prehybridization and hybridization solutions, for example, and by the hybridization temperature; such procedures are well known in the art. In particular, stringency is increased by reducing the concentration of salt, increasing the concentration of formamide, or raising the hybridization temperature.
  • high stringency conditions could occur at about 50% formamide at 37° C. to 42° C.
  • Reduced stringency conditions could occur at about 35% to 25% formamide at 30° C. to 35° C.
  • Examples of stringency conditions for hybridization are provided in Sambrook, J., 1989 , Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual , Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
  • Further example of stringent hybridization conditions include 400 mM NaCl, 40 mM PIPES pH 6.4, 1 mM EDTA, 50° C. or 70° C. for 12-16 hours followed by washing, or hybridization at 70° C. in 1 ⁇ SSC or 50° C. in 1 ⁇ SSC, 50% formamide followed by washing at 70° C.
  • T m melting temperature
  • in vitro hybridization assay provides a method of predicting whether binding between a candidate siRNA and a target will have specificity.
  • specific cleavage of a target can also occur with an antisense strand that does not demonstrate high stringency for hybridization in vitro.
  • Single-stranded interfering RNA As cited above, interfering RNAs ultimately function as single strands. Single-stranded (ss) interfering RNA has been found to effect MRNA silencing, albeit less efficiently than double-stranded siRNA. Therefore, embodiments of the present invention also provide for administration of a ss interfering RNA that hybridizes under physiological conditions to a portion of SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:2 and has a region of at least near-perfect contiguous complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides with the hybridizing portion of SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:2, respectively.
  • the ss interfering RNA has a length of 19 to 49 nucleotides as for the ds siRNA cited above.
  • the ss interfering RNA has a 5′ phosphate or is phosphorylated in situ or in vivo at the 5′ position.
  • the term “5′ phosphorylated” is used to describe, for example, polynucleotides or oligonucleotides having a phosphate group attached via ester linkage to the C5 hydroxyl of the sugar (e.g., ribose, deoxyribose, or an analog of same) at the 5′ end of the polynucleotide or oligonucleotide.
  • SS interfering RNAs are synthesized chemically or by in vitro transcription or expressed endogenously from vectors or expression cassettes as for ds interfering RNAs. 5′ Phosphate groups may be added via a kinase, or a 5′ phosphate may be the result of nuclease cleavage of an RNA. Delivery is as for ds interfering RNAs. In one embodiment, ss interfering RNAs having protected ends and nuclease resistant modifications are administered for silencing. SS interfering RNAs may be dried for storage or dissolved in an aqueous solution. The solution may contain buffers or salts to inhibit annealing or for stabilization.
  • hairpin interfering RNA is a single molecule (e.g., a single oligonucleotide chain) that comprises both the sense and antisense strands of an interfering RNA in a stem-loop or hairpin structure (e.g., a shRNA).
  • shRNAs can be expressed from DNA vectors in which the DNA oligonucleotides encoding a sense interfering RNA strand are linked to the DNA oligonucleotides encoding the reverse complementary antisense interfering RNA strand by a short spacer. If needed for the chosen expression vector, 3′ terminal T's and nucleotides forming restriction sites may be added. The resulting RNA transcript folds back onto itself to form a stem-loop structure.
  • Interfering RNA may be delivered via aerosol, buccal, dermal, intradermal, inhaling, intramuscular, intranasal, intraocular, intrapulmonary, intravenous, intraperitoneal, nasal, ocular, oral, otic, parenteral, patch, subcutaneous, sublingual, topical, or transdermal administration, for example.
  • Interfering RNA may be delivered directly to the eye by ocular tissue injection such as periocular, conjunctival, subtenon, intracameral, intravitreal, intraocular, subretinal, subconjunctival, retrobulbar, or intracanalicular injections; by direct application to the eye using a catheter or other placement device such as a retinal pellet, intraocular insert, suppository or an implant comprising a porous, non-porous, or gelatinous material; by topical ocular drops or ointments; or by a slow release device in the cul-de-sac or implanted adjacent to the sclera (transscleral) or within the eye.
  • Intracameral injection may be through the cornea into the anterior chamber to allow the agent to reach the trabecular meshwork.
  • Intracanalicular injection may be into the venous collector channels draining Schlemm's canal or into Schlemm's canal.
  • a subject in need of treatment for ocular angiogenesis or at risk for developing ocular angiogenesis is a human or other mammal having ocular angiogenesis or at risk of having ocular angiogenesis associated with undesired or inappropriate expression or activity of HIF1A as cited herein.
  • Ocular structures associated with such disorders may include the eye, retina, choroid, lens, cornea, trabecular meshwork, iris, optic nerve, optic nerve head, sclera, anterior or posterior segments, or ciliary body, for example.
  • a subject may also be an ocular cell, cell culture, organ or an ex vivo organ or tissue.
  • compositions comprise interfering RNAs, or salts thereof, of the invention up to 99% by weight mixed with a physiologically acceptable carrier medium such as water, buffer, saline, glycine, hyaluronic acid, mannitol, and the like.
  • a physiologically acceptable carrier medium such as water, buffer, saline, glycine, hyaluronic acid, mannitol, and the like.
  • Interfering RNAs of the present invention are administered as solutions, suspensions, or emulsions.
  • the following are examples of possible formulations embodied by this invention.
  • an effective amount of the interfering RNAs of embodiments of the invention results in an extracellular concentration at the surface of the target cell of from 100 pM to 1 ⁇ M, or from 1 nM to 100 nM, or from 5 nM to about 50 nM, or to about 25 nM.
  • the dose required to achieve this local concentration will vary depending on a number of factors including the delivery method, the site of delivery, the number of cell layers between the delivery site and the target cell or tissue, whether delivery is local or systemic, etc.
  • the concentration at the delivery site may be considerably higher than it is at the surface of the target cell or tissue.
  • Topical compositions are delivered to the surface of the target organ one to four times per day, or on an extended delivery schedule such as daily, weekly, bi-weekly, monthly, or longer, according to the routine discretion of a skilled clinician.
  • the pH of the formulation is about pH 4-9, or pH 4.5 to pH 7.4.
  • Therapeutic treatment of patients with interfering RNAs directed against HIF1A mRNA is expected to be beneficial over small molecule treatments by increasing the duration of action, thereby allowing less frequent dosing and greater patient compliance.
  • an effective amount of a formulation may depend on factors such as the age, race, and sex of the subject, the severity of the ocular angiogenesis, the rate of target gene transcript/protein turnover, the interfering RNA potency, and the interfering RNA stability, for example.
  • the interfering RNA is delivered topically to a target organ and reaches the HIF1A-containing tissue such as the retina or optic nerve head at a therapeutic dose thereby ameliorating an ocular angiogenesis-associated disease process.
  • An acceptable carrier refers to those carriers that cause at most, little to no ocular irritation, provide suitable preservation if needed, and deliver one or more interfering RNAs of the present invention in a homogenous dosage.
  • An acceptable carrier for administration of interfering RNA of embodiments of the present invention include the cationic lipid-based transfection reagents TransIT®-TKO (Mirus Corporation, Madison, Wis.), LIPOFECTIN®, Lipofectamine, OLIGOFECTAMINETM (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.), or DHARMAFECTTM (Dharmacon, Lafayette, Colo.); polycations such as polyethyleneimine; cationic peptides such as Tat, polyarginine, or Penetratin (Antp peptide); or liposomes.
  • Liposomes are formed from standard vesicle-forming lipids and a sterol, such as cholesterol, and may include a targeting molecule such as a monoclonal antibody having binding affinity for endothelial cell surface antigens, for example. Further, the liposomes may be PEGylated liposomes.
  • the interfering RNAs may be delivered in solution, in suspension, or in bioerodible or non-bioerodible delivery devices.
  • the interfering RNAs can be delivered alone or as components of defined, covalent conjugates.
  • the interfering RNAs can also be complexed with cationic lipids, cationic peptides, or cationic polymers; complexed with proteins, fusion proteins, or protein domains with nucleic acid binding properties (e.g., protamine); or encapsulated in nanoparticles or liposomes.
  • Tissue- or cell-specific delivery can be accomplished by the inclusion of an appropriate targeting moiety such as an antibody or antibody fragment.
  • an interfering RNA may be combined with ophthalmologically acceptable preservatives, co-solvents, surfactants, viscosity enhancers, penetration enhancers, buffers, sodium chloride, or water to form an aqueous, sterile ophthalmic suspension or solution.
  • Solution formulations may be prepared by dissolving the interfering RNA in a physiologically acceptable isotonic aqueous buffer. Further, the solution may include an acceptable surfactant to assist in dissolving the inhibitor.
  • Viscosity building agents such as hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, or the like may be added to the compositions of the present invention to improve the retention of the compound.
  • the interfering RNA is combined with a preservative in an appropriate vehicle, such as mineral oil, liquid lanolin, or white petrolatum.
  • an appropriate vehicle such as mineral oil, liquid lanolin, or white petrolatum.
  • Sterile ophthalmic gel formulations may be prepared by suspending the interfering RNA in a hydrophilic base prepared from the combination of, for example, CARBOPOL®-940 (BF Goodrich, Charlotte, N.C.), or the like, according to methods known in the art.
  • VISCOAT® Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, Tex.
  • intraocular injection for example.
  • compositions of the present invention may contain penetration enhancing agents such as cremephor and TWEEN® 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaureate, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.), in the event the interfering RNA is less penetrating in the eye.
  • penetration enhancing agents such as cremephor and TWEEN® 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaureate, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.), in the event the interfering RNA is less penetrating in the eye.
  • kits Embodiments of the present invention provide a kit that includes reagents for attenuating the expression of an mRNA as cited herein in a cell.
  • the kit contains an siRNA or an shRNA expression vector.
  • siRNAs and non-viral shRNA expression vectors the kit also contains a transfection reagent or other suitable delivery vehicle.
  • the kit may contain the viral vector and/or the necessary components for viral vector production (e.g., a packaging cell line as well as a vector comprising the viral vector template and additional helper vectors for packaging).
  • the kit may also contain positive and negative control siRNAs or shRNA expression vectors (e.g., a non-targeting control siRNA or an siRNA that targets an unrelated mRNA).
  • the kit also may contain reagents for assessing knockdown of the intended target gene (e.g., primers and probes for quantitative PCR to detect the target MRNA and/or antibodies against the corresponding protein for western blots).
  • the kit may comprise an siRNA sequence or an shRNA sequence and the instructions and materials necessary to generate the siRNA by in vitro transcription or to construct an shRNA expression vector.
  • kits can further include, if desired, one or more of various conventional pharmaceutical kit components, such as, for example, containers with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, additional containers, etc., as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • Printed instructions either as inserts or as labels, indicating quantities of the components to be administered, guidelines for administration, and/or guidelines for mixing the components, can also be included in the kit.
  • interfering RNA to knock-down the levels of endogenous target gene expression in, for example, a human ocular cell line is evaluated in vitro as follows. Transformed human cells are plated 24 h prior to transfection in standard growth medium (e.g., DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum). Transfection is performed using Dharmafect 1 (Dharmacon, Lafayette, Colo.) according to the manufacturer's instructions at interfering RNA concentrations ranging from 0.1 nM-100 nM. Non-targeting control siRNA and lamin A/C siRNA (Dharmacon) are used as controls.
  • standard growth medium e.g., DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum.
  • Target mRNA levels are assessed by qPCR 24 h post-transfection using, for example, TAQMAN® forward and reverse primers and a probe set that encompasses the target site (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.).
  • Target protein levels may be assessed approximately 72 h post-transfection (actual time dependent on protein turnover rate) by western blot, for example. Standard techniques for RNA and/or protein isolation from cultured cells are well-known to those skilled in the art. To reduce the chance of non-specific, off-target effects, the lowest possible concentration of interfering RNA should be used that will produce the desired level of knock-down in target gene expression.
  • Example 1 The ability of interfering RNAs of the present invention to knock-down levels of HIF1A protein expression is further exemplified in Example 1 as follows.
  • the present study examines the ability of HIF1A-interfering RNA to knock down the levels of endogenous HIF-1 ⁇ protein expression in cultured HeLa cells.
  • HIF1A siRNAs siCONTROL RISC-free siRNA #1, or siCONTROL Non-targeting siRNA #2 (NTC2) and DHARMAFECT® #1 transfection reagent (Dharmacon, Lafayette, Colo.). All siRNAs were dissolved in 1 ⁇ siRNA buffer, an aqueous solution of 20 mM KCl, 6 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 0.2 mM MgCl 2 . Control samples included a buffer control in which the volume of siRNA was replaced with an equal volume of 1 ⁇ siRNA buffer (-siRNA).
  • HIF1A siRNAs are double-stranded interfering RNAs having specificity for the following targets: siHIF1A #1 targets SEQ ID NO:48; siHIF1A #3 targets SEQ ID NO:49; siHIF1A #5 targets SEQ ID NO:50; siHIF1A #6 targets SEQ ID NO:51.
  • each of the four HIF1A siRNAs reduced HIF-1 ⁇ protein expression significantly at 10 nM relative to the control siRNAs.
  • siHIF1A #3 and siHIF1A #6 also silenced HIF-1 ⁇ protein expression significantly at 0.1 nM, indicating that these HIF1A siRNAs are particularly effective relative to siHIF1A #1 and siHIF1A #5.

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US11/642,016 US20070155690A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2006-12-19 RNAi-mediated inhibition of HIF1A for treatment of ocular angiogenesis
US12/706,014 US7981870B2 (en) 2005-12-29 2010-02-16 RNAi-mediated inhibition of H1F1A for treatment of ocular angiogenesis
US13/113,782 US20110257246A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2011-05-23 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US13/474,405 US8471000B2 (en) 2005-12-29 2012-05-17 RNAi-mediated inhibition of HIF1A for treatment of ocular angiogenesis
US13/904,431 US8940887B2 (en) 2005-12-29 2013-05-29 RNAi-mediated inhibition of HIF1A for treatment of ocular angiogenesis
US14/566,234 US20150167002A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2014-12-10 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US15/470,060 US20170198294A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2017-03-27 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US16/193,617 US20190071676A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2018-11-16 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US16/259,107 US20190144866A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2019-01-28 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US16/404,795 US20190256854A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2019-05-07 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US16/512,744 US20190338287A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2019-07-16 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US16/667,345 US20200048637A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2019-10-29 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US16/784,402 US20200165615A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2020-02-07 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US16/877,764 US20200277608A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2020-05-19 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US17/003,305 US20200392508A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2020-08-26 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US17/115,743 US20210108206A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2020-12-08 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US17/224,327 US20210230603A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2021-04-07 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US17/506,088 US20220042021A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2021-10-20 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US17/666,214 US20220162614A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2022-02-07 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US17/841,137 US20220364097A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2022-06-15 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS

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US11/642,016 Abandoned US20070155690A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2006-12-19 RNAi-mediated inhibition of HIF1A for treatment of ocular angiogenesis
US12/706,014 Active US7981870B2 (en) 2005-12-29 2010-02-16 RNAi-mediated inhibition of H1F1A for treatment of ocular angiogenesis
US13/113,782 Abandoned US20110257246A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2011-05-23 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US13/474,405 Active US8471000B2 (en) 2005-12-29 2012-05-17 RNAi-mediated inhibition of HIF1A for treatment of ocular angiogenesis
US13/904,431 Active US8940887B2 (en) 2005-12-29 2013-05-29 RNAi-mediated inhibition of HIF1A for treatment of ocular angiogenesis
US14/566,234 Abandoned US20150167002A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2014-12-10 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US15/470,060 Abandoned US20170198294A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2017-03-27 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US16/193,617 Abandoned US20190071676A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2018-11-16 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US16/259,107 Abandoned US20190144866A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2019-01-28 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US16/404,795 Abandoned US20190256854A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2019-05-07 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US16/512,744 Abandoned US20190338287A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2019-07-16 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US16/667,345 Abandoned US20200048637A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2019-10-29 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US16/784,402 Abandoned US20200165615A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2020-02-07 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US16/877,764 Abandoned US20200277608A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2020-05-19 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US17/003,305 Abandoned US20200392508A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2020-08-26 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
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US13/474,405 Active US8471000B2 (en) 2005-12-29 2012-05-17 RNAi-mediated inhibition of HIF1A for treatment of ocular angiogenesis
US13/904,431 Active US8940887B2 (en) 2005-12-29 2013-05-29 RNAi-mediated inhibition of HIF1A for treatment of ocular angiogenesis
US14/566,234 Abandoned US20150167002A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2014-12-10 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US15/470,060 Abandoned US20170198294A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2017-03-27 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US16/193,617 Abandoned US20190071676A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2018-11-16 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US16/259,107 Abandoned US20190144866A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2019-01-28 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US16/404,795 Abandoned US20190256854A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2019-05-07 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US16/512,744 Abandoned US20190338287A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2019-07-16 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US16/667,345 Abandoned US20200048637A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2019-10-29 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US16/784,402 Abandoned US20200165615A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2020-02-07 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US16/877,764 Abandoned US20200277608A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2020-05-19 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US17/003,305 Abandoned US20200392508A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2020-08-26 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US17/115,743 Abandoned US20210108206A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2020-12-08 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US17/224,327 Abandoned US20210230603A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2021-04-07 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
US17/506,088 Abandoned US20220042021A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2021-10-20 RNAi-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HIF1A FOR TREATMENT OF OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
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WO2012161677A1 (fr) 2011-05-20 2012-11-29 Alcon Research, Ltd. Administration de petit arn interférent médié par la transferrine/le récepteur de la transferrine
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