US20060294552A1 - Audience response system and method - Google Patents

Audience response system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060294552A1
US20060294552A1 US11/474,838 US47483806A US2006294552A1 US 20060294552 A1 US20060294552 A1 US 20060294552A1 US 47483806 A US47483806 A US 47483806A US 2006294552 A1 US2006294552 A1 US 2006294552A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
handheld unit
question
student
handheld
user
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English (en)
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Mark Swanson
William Moss
Peter Jungwirth
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Renaissance Learning Inc
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Renaissance Learning Inc
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Priority to US11/474,838 priority Critical patent/US20060294552A1/en
Assigned to RENAISSANCE LEARNING, INC. reassignment RENAISSANCE LEARNING, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JUNGWIRTH, PETER WILLIAM, MOSS, WILLIAM L. JR., SWANSON, MARK R.
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/02—Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/10—Services
    • G06Q50/20—Education
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/007—Details of data content structure of message packets; data protocols
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/016—Personal emergency signalling and security systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/08—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using communication transmission lines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B7/00—Electrically-operated teaching apparatus or devices working with questions and answers
    • G09B7/02—Electrically-operated teaching apparatus or devices working with questions and answers of the type wherein the student is expected to construct an answer to the question which is presented or wherein the machine gives an answer to the question presented by a student
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/16—Discovering, processing access restriction or access information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/18—Selecting a network or a communication service
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/90—Services for handling of emergency or hazardous situations, e.g. earthquake and tsunami warning systems [ETWS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/52—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/50—Connection management for emergency connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to wireless audience response systems, and, more particularly, to wireless audience response systems that solicit responses to questions posed to an audience by wireless communication with handheld units possessed by members of the audience.
  • Audience response systems address this difficulty.
  • Many audience response systems include individual handheld units, each with several input keys. In such systems, each audience member has one of the handheld units, and, in response to a question spoken by the presenter, each audience member presses a button corresponding to the appropriate response. In most existing systems, however, the handheld units do not have display screens.
  • the response system includes a base station, handheld units, and a wireless network.
  • the response system may have a prompted mode and an unprompted mode of operation.
  • the base station transmits questions to the handheld units over the wireless network.
  • the questions are displayed to users on their handheld units.
  • the users respond to the question, and their responses are transmitted to the base station via the wireless network.
  • answer templates are transmitted and displayed to the users, with the actual questions being conveyed in some other manner, such as verbally or by written handout.
  • the question or questions are transmitted to users as part of one or more markup languages documents.
  • the handheld units process the markup language documents and display the questions and appropriate answer fields to the users in accordance with the markup language documents.
  • the markup language documents may also contain homework assignments as well as notes to the parents or guardians of the users.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless audience response system according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIGS. 2 & 3 illustrate a handheld unit that may be used in an embodiment of the invention
  • FIGS. 4 & 5 illustrate another handheld unit that may be used in an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the sequence of displays shown on a handheld unit for a pop quiz that is given by an audience response system, in which the response system is operating in a teacher-paced, prompted mode;
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the sequence of displays shown on a handheld unit for a quiz that is given by an audience response system, in which the response system is operating in a teacher-paced, unprompted mode;
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the sequence of displays shown on a handheld unit for a homework assignment, in which the response system is operating in a student-paced, prompted mode
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the sequence of displays shown on a handheld unit for a homework assignment, in which the response system is operating in a student-paced, unprompted mode with multiple choice answer templates
  • FIG. 10 illustrates the sequence of displays shown on a handheld unit for a homework assignment, in which the response system is operating in a student-paced, unprompted mode with fill-in-the blank answer templates
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a calculator function of a handheld unit according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the response system includes a base station 11 and a plurality of handheld units 16 .
  • the base station 11 includes a computer 12 and a wireless access point (AP) 14 .
  • the computer 12 is communicatively linked to the AP 14 via universal serial bus (USB), while the AP 14 is communicatively linked to the handheld units 16 via a wireless network 24 .
  • the wireless network 24 is a personal area network (PAN) operating according to the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, with the AP 14 acting as a PAN coordinator.
  • PAN personal area network
  • the system 10 also includes a database 18 on which data representing questions and their corresponding answers are stored.
  • the system 10 also includes a printer 20 communicatively linked to the computer 12 , which allows an instructor or other speaker to print out results of tests or surveys taken by users of the handheld units 16 , first through sixth application programs 22 A- 22 F (generically referred to as application programs 22 ) executing on the computer 12 , which dictate how the computer 12 administers the questions transmitted to the handheld units 16 and processes the answers received in response thereto, and a service program 26 , which provides communication and routing services to the application programs 22 .
  • the system 10 may be communicatively linked with a remote computer 28 via a public network (e.g., the Internet).
  • the remote computer 28 hosts a web site from which questions may be downloaded.
  • the handheld unit 16 is designed to be inexpensive, lightweight, rugged, and simple to use. It has a graphical liquid crystal display 32 and twenty-five keys to support multiple response types.
  • the keys include an ON/OFF key 34 , a group 36 of numeric keys, a group 38 of multiple choice keys, a group 40 of positive/negative keys, a group 42 of navigation keys, and group of immediate keys, including an ENTER key 46 , a CLEAR key 47 , an ON/OFF key 34 , and a menu key 48 .
  • the ON/OFF key 34 is configured so as to reduce the chance of accidental pressing (having, for example, raised ribs on the enclosure or being aligned just below flush with the enclosure).
  • the keys are grouped into functional areas. For example, the group 38 of multiple choice keys A thru E is commonly used when responding to multiple choice questions.
  • the group 36 of numeric keys is used when responding to a question requiring a numeric reply.
  • Each group of keys has elements that indicate to the user that the keys are, in fact, part of the same group. Possible ways to accomplish this include, but are not limited to key style (shape, color, label text font/size/color, etc.) and separators in enclosure (altitude, channels, borders, etc.)
  • the handheld unit 16 in an embodiment of the invention, includes an enclosure having a top portion 150 and a bottom portion 152 .
  • the bottom portion 152 has a recess on its outer surface, in which a pair 166 of batteries is housed.
  • the enclosure is made of rugged, lightweight, low cost plastic (e.g., polycarbonate/abs blend).
  • the finish is textured, non-slip, and fingerprint resistant.
  • the enclosure also prevents battery removal without the use of a tool to reduce the choking hazard.
  • the enclosure has an envelope of about 5.25 inches by about 1.8 inches by about 0.8 inches.
  • an LCD unit 154 Disposed within the enclosure are an LCD unit 154 , an elastomeric keypad 156 , and a printed circuit board (PCB) 158 .
  • a printed circuit board (PCB) 158 Disposed on the PCB 158 is a low-end microcontroller with adequate resources to support the LCD unit 154 , the keypad 156 and the wireless communication functions of the handheld unit 16 .
  • a wireless communication circuit such as a Chipcon CC2420 802.15.4 radio (Reduced Function Device).
  • the power source for the components on the PCB 158 , the keypad 156 and the LCD unit 154 is supplied by the pair 166 of batteries, which may be two standard AA (R6) alkaline batteries.
  • Each handheld unit 16 has a unique identification number, which is electronically stored therein.
  • the PCB 158 provides at least two specialized functions. First, it incorporates the antenna for the wireless communication circuit. Second, it incorporates the appropriate landing zones for the carbon conductors on the back of the keypad
  • the operation of the handheld unit 16 will now be described.
  • the general usage pattern is as follows: the user receives a question, which is either displayed on the LCD screen 32 , or provided some other way, such as verbally or written.
  • the user presses one or more keys to formulate a response.
  • key action is invoked on key closure.
  • the user then presses the ENTER key 46 to transmit the response wirelessly to the base station 11 .
  • the handheld unit 16 has a response queue acts as a holding area for responses. The content of this queue changes when keys are pressed and is displayed prominently on the LCD 32 .
  • the actual data stored in the queue and transmitted is not necessarily what the user sees on the LCD screen 32 .
  • LCD 32 displays “True,” a single data byte can be used to represent a positive response. This is done to minimize memory use and data packet size.
  • the maximum response size is based on the size of the LCD screen 32 , the font size, and/or the amount of memory available in the microcontroller of the handheld unit 16 .
  • Pressing the ON/OFF key 34 with no other keys down toggles the device state (on or off). Pressing the CLEAR key 47 causes a response queue to be cleared. The response queue is also cleared when the handheld unit 16 is powered on.
  • the ENTER key 46 When the ENTER key 46 is pressed, the contents of the response queue are transmitted via the wireless communication circuit. During transmission, the text “sending” is displayed on the LCD screen 32 until the next question is received from the base station 11 .
  • the multiple choice keys group 38 is used to enter single key responses. When one of the keys of this group is pressed, the handheld unit 16 replaces the contents of the response queue.
  • the group 40 of positive/negative keys is similarly used to enter single key responses. As with the multiple choice keys, pressing one of the positive/negative keys causes the handheld unit 16 to replace the contents of the response queue. In addition to indicating an answer of “true” or “false,” the positive/negative keys are used for Yes/No responses.
  • the handheld unit 16 also includes a “?” key 44 , which may be used as a “help” key.
  • the group 36 of numeric keys is used to enter multi key responses. Positive, negative, whole, and decimal numbers may be entered. If the response queue contains a multiple choice or a positive/negative response when a numeric key is pressed, an implied CLEAR is executed first. When a key of the numeric key group 36 is pressed, the associated value is added to the rightmost position of the response queue, unless the queue is full, in which case it is ignored.
  • the handheld unit 16 manages power as follows.
  • the microprocessor sleeps as much as possible (between keypresses) to maximize device runtime.
  • the handheld unit 16 automatically powers off after 30 minutes of inactivity, regardless of key states. A continuously held down key does not constitute activity. If one or more keys are held down accidentally by something sitting on the device or during storage or transport, the handheld unit 16 will power itself off when the timeout interval expires, and will not power on again until all keys are released and only the ON/OFF key 34 is pressed.
  • the handheld unit 16 uses a virtual “key chain” having one or more “keys.”
  • the virtual key chain (or simply “key chain”) stores authentication information for a particular user. Each “key” may be used to authenticate the user (and the handheld unit 16 ) to one of the application programs 22 .
  • the virtual key chain is stored in a memory of the handheld unit 16 . The purpose of the virtual key chain is to avoid forcing the user to reauthenticate every time the user wishes to interact with one of the application programs 22 .
  • an “activity” is made up of one or more discrete tasks referred to as “actions.”
  • An activity can be a single action or a complex sequence of actions.
  • an activity can be something as simple as displaying a message to one of the handheld units 16 , or an activity can be something more sophisticated such as requesting a response to a multiple-choice question.
  • An activity can have a static design, such as a quiz that includes 10 actions, each action being a question, each action being performed sequentially.
  • activities may use dynamic, adaptive branching that relies on the logic of the application program 22 to inspect each response to a question and determine what the next action should be.
  • Some activities are classified as “live.” That is, they are intended to be conducted while the handheld units 16 are communicatively linked to the computer 12 .
  • the computer 12 is connected to the AP 12 via a USB cable.
  • the AP 12 acts as a wireless access point on the wireless network 24 .
  • the application program 22 interacts with an operating system and service program 26 (both executing on the computer 12 ) to send and receive data over the USB work, through the AP 12 , and over the wireless network 24 which, in this embodiment, is an IEEE 802.15.4 compliant network.
  • the application program 22 defines a service handler application programming interface (API) 23 .
  • the application program 22 sends hypertext transport protocol (HTTP) messages via the port along with markup language documents to the handheld units 16 .
  • the handheld units 16 respond as specified in the markup language documents, and those responses are received via the service handler API 23 .
  • HTTP hypertext transport protocol
  • the system 10 supports two response modes: prompted and unprompted.
  • a prompted response mode a question is displayed on the handheld units 16 , and the audience members answer the displayed question.
  • the question is not presented on the handheld units 16 , but by some other method, such as a presenter reading it aloud or an audience member reading it on a handout.
  • the audience member still answers the question using the handheld unit 16 .
  • the application program 22 carries out activities that are paced by the presenter and activities as paced by the audience members. Since many of the examples described herein are set in the context of a classroom environment, these two types of activities will be referred to herein as “teacher-paced” and “student-paced.” It is understood, of course, that the invention is not limited to classroom use.
  • a teacher-paced activity is one in which the class participates as a whole, and where each student responds to questions generated by the application program 22 .
  • the teacher controls the pace at which questions are transmitted to the handheld units 16 . For example, the students may be shown only one question at a time on their handheld units 16 , and the question is shown only when specified by the teacher.
  • a student-paced activity is one in which each student views questions and responds at his own speed. Students can be given individual student-paced activities, or the entire class may be given the same student-paced activity. The student-paced activity may be configured so that students can navigate back and forward through questions.
  • the application program 22 transmits a mark-up language document to the plurality of handheld units 16 .
  • the mark-up language document includes instructions for presenting a sequence 60 of questions on the handheld units 16 (for a pop quiz).
  • Each handheld unit 16 interprets the instructions contained in the mark-up language document and, accordingly, displays the first question 52 in the sequence.
  • Each student has the opportunity to respond to the first question 52 by making the appropriate input to the student's handheld unit 16 .
  • the application program 22 transmits a message to the handheld units 16 , that causes the handheld units to permit the students to advance to the second question 54 in the sequence 60 .
  • the display containing the second question 54 includes a scroll bar 55 .
  • This process continues, with the third and fourth questions 56 and 58 being enabled in succession until the teacher ends the quiz by making the appropriate input to the computer 12 .
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the sequence of displays shown on each handheld unit 16 for a quiz that is given in a teacher-paced, unprompted mode.
  • the sequence of actions is similar to that described in conjunction with FIG. 6 , except that the mark-up language document transmitted by the application program 22 to the handheld units 16 ( FIG. 1 ) does not include questions but rather includes one or more answer templates, such as a True/False template 72 , multiple choice template 74 and a numeric template 76 .
  • the handheld units 16 display the answer templates on their respective LCD screens 32 .
  • the teacher reads the questions aloud to the students.
  • the response system 10 can also be used to allow the teacher to distribute homework assignments, and to allow the students to complete and turn in the homework assignments.
  • the application program 22 transmits one or more mark-up language documents representing a homework assignment to the handheld units 16 . Outside of class, the students individually complete the homework assignment by making the appropriate inputs into their respective handheld units.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the sequence of displays shown on a handheld unit for an example homework assignment in a student-paced, prompted mode. The student selects “homework” from a first menu 78 , then selects “Friday Quiz” from a second menu 80 .
  • the handheld unit 16 displays a sequence 82 of questions (i.e., in a “prompted” mode) that the student must answer.
  • the student makes the appropriate inputs to the handheld unit 16 to cause it to transmit her answers to the application program 22 , thereby “turning in” the completed homework assignment.
  • the sequence of displays for another example homework assignment is shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the teacher gives handouts containing the questions to the students or displays each question on a screen that is visible to all of the students, and the mark-up language document that the handheld units 16 receive from the application program 22 only contains answer templates. Otherwise, the procedure for completing and turning in the homework assignment is the same as described in conjunction with FIG. 8 .
  • FIG. 10 Yet another sequence of displays for a homework assignment is shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the teacher gives handouts containing the questions to the students.
  • the application program 22 does not transmit a mark-up language document to the handheld units 16 for answering the questions, but the students instead use a generic answer form 102 that is pre-stored in the handheld units 16 . Otherwise, the procedure for answering the questions and turning in the answers is the same as described in conjunction with FIGS. 8 and 9 .
  • the handheld unit 16 is also able to function as a calculator.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates how this functionality appears on the LCD screen 32 .
  • the teacher may, by making the appropriate input to the computer 12 ( FIG. 1 ), cause the application program 22 to send commands to the handheld units 16 that will disable the calculator function.
  • the handheld units 16 communicate with the application program 22 via the wireless network 24 , the AP 14 , the USB cable, and the computer 12 .
  • Messages sent by the handheld units 16 to the application program 22 are received via the service handler application API 23 .
  • the service handler API 23 is instantiated as an HTTP port that is provided by the application program 22 .
  • the service handler API 23 is used to host a “live” activity (i.e., an activity that requires network connectivity between the handheld units 16 and the computer 12 ), upload homework to the handheld units 16 , upload notes to the handheld units 16 , and to download homework from the handheld units 16 .
  • the service program 26 connects to the service handler API 23 when the application program 22 requests it to do so.
  • the service program 26 provides routing services for all communications between the handheld units 16 and the application program 22 until the HTTP port for the service handler API 23 is released.
  • messages from the handheld units 16 are first received by the service program 26 , and then routed by the service program 26 to the application program 22 via the service handler API 23 .
  • the messages that are sent between an application program 22 and the service program 26 are in the form of HTTP messages and XML documents, while the messages sent between the service program 26 and the handheld units 16 are in the form of compact transport protocol messages and compact markup language documents.
  • the service program When messages arrive from the handheld units 16 , the service program converts them from compact transport protocol messages and compact markup language documents into HTTP messages and XML documents and sends the HTTP messages and XML documents to the appropriate application program 22 . Conversely, the application program 22 HTTP messages and XML documents to the service program 26 that are intended for one or more of the handheld units 16 , which the service program 26 converts into compact transport protocol messages and compact markup language documents. The service program 26 then transmits the compact transport protocol messages and compact markup language documents to the handheld unit or units 16 .
  • each handheld unit 16 can send messages to an application program 22 via the service program 26 .
  • the service program 26 receives a message, from a handheld unit 16 , that is intended for one of the application programs 22 , the service program 26 forms a “request” and calls the service handler API 23 that corresponds to the application program 22 that is the intended recipient of the message.
  • requests to the service handler API 23 are formed using standard HTTP GET and POST syntax of the form: (GET)
  • Request headers include: Header Description Example Device-Address MAC address (HEX) of Device-Address: the requesting device. 32781ae3896cb366e Request-ID Identification of the Request-ID: 101 request that should be returned in the response. Optional. Owner-ID Owner identification. Owner-ID: 123456789 If an owner assignment exists for the device, the ID property is included in the request.
  • User-Agent User agent Describes User-Agent: wasabi/1.0 the device and version.
  • Response headers include: Header Description Example Device-Address MAC address (HEX) of Device-Address: the requesting device. 32781ae3896cb366e Request-URL URL of request the Request-URL: response is intended /ServiceHandler/64/ for.
  • HEX Device-Address MAC address
  • Request-URL URL of request the Request-URL: response is intended /ServiceHandler/64/ for.
  • Authenticate Request-ID Identification of the Request-ID 101 request that is returned if included in the original response.
  • Server Identifies the Server:AccelTest/2.0 application program providing the response.
  • Content-Length Length of the response Content-Length: 102 body.
  • the response-body is enclosed in a ⁇ data> element and includes a ⁇ status> element whose contents provide a result code and optional message for the caller.
  • This result code and message differs from the HTTP status code and response status, which relate to the success of locating and calling the service.
  • the ⁇ authenticate> element is returned when an application program 22 requires the user to identify themselves before a service can be successfully completed.
  • the handheld unit 16 will provide a general input field to input an alphanumeric id, which will be returned to service handler API of the application program 22 .
  • the following are examples of requests that are sent by the service program 26 to the application programs 22 via the service handler API 23 (in response to a handheld unit 16 invoking the request), and the responses to sent by the application programs 22 to the service program 26 (which are subsequently converted and transmitted to the handheld unit 16 ).
  • the Authenticate request is invoked by a handheld unit 16 (via the service program 26 ) that is responding to a request from an application program 22 to identify the user.
  • POST/service_url/Authenticate HTTP/1.1 Parameter Validation Value application/id Not Null The id of the application for which the device is requesting authentication.
  • key Required for user Authentication key for authentication. the user or administrator.
  • Optional for admin authentication key/admin Optional True or false. True indicates the authentication is for the administrator PIN key/validated Optional.
  • Required True or false True with admin attribute indicates the admin PIN the device supplied is valid.
  • Example Response #1 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Device-Address: 32781ae3896cb366e
  • Example Response #2 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Device-Address: 32781ae3896cb366e
  • Request-ID 101 Content-Length: 78 ⁇ data>
  • ⁇ status code “403”>You have been locked out. See your teacher. ⁇ /status> ⁇ /data>
  • HTTP Status Codes Code Description 200 OK 400 Bad request 404 Not found 408 Request timeout 500 Internal server failure 503 Service unavailable
  • the GetLiveActivity request is used to obtain the current live activity.
  • application id Optional element; GUID identifying Required if response the application data server the response is intended for. is included.
  • response end_question Optional Ending question number for the range of responses being submitted.
  • responses are comma delimited.
  • Mutually Next question number exclusive with back the user has and forward attributes. requested to view.
  • credentials Optional. Included for inline authentication.
  • Example Request 1 Simple request. POST /ServiceHandler/64/GetLiveActivity HTTP/1.1 Device-Address: 32781ae3896cb366e Request-ID: 101 User-Agent: Wasabi/1.0
  • Example Request 2 Simple question response submission.
  • Request-ID 101
  • User-Agent Wasabi/1.0 Content-Length: 75 ⁇ data>
  • ⁇ activity id “43920afe128ca82a1”>
  • application id “5899128ca5637be36” />
  • Example Request 3 Response submission with navigation option.
  • Request-ID 101
  • ⁇ activity id “43920afe128ca82a1”>
  • application id “5899128ca5637be36” />
  • ⁇ navigation question “1”/> ⁇ /activity> ⁇ /data>
  • Example Request 4 Repeater question response submission.
  • Request-ID 101
  • ⁇ activity id “43920afe128ca82a1”>
  • application id “5899128ca5637be36” />
  • Example Request 5 Response submission with submit (completed).
  • Request-ID 101
  • User-Agent Wasabi/1.0 Content-Length: 97 ⁇ data>
  • application id “5899128ca5637be36” />
  • ⁇ response actionid “5”/> ⁇ /activity> ⁇ /data>
  • HTTP Status Codes Code Description 200 OK 400 Bad request 404 Not found 408 Request timeout 500 Internal server failure 503 Service unavailable
  • the GetFileList request is invoked when a handheld unit 16 requests an updated list of files it should download. Typically, these files include homework and notes.
  • Example Request 1 Simple Request GET /Wasabi/GetFileList HTTP/1.1 Device-Address: 32781ae3896cb366e Request-ID: 101 User-Agent: Wasabi/1.0
  • HTTP Status Codes Code Description 200 OK 400 Bad request 404 Not found 408 Request timeout 500 Internal server failure 503 Service unavailable
  • the GetFile request is invoked when a handheld unit 16 requests a file to download.
  • ⁇ file id “ab7291ef3910a121”>
  • application id “3d8920a182ef4829” /> ⁇ /file> ⁇ /data>
  • HTTP Status Codes Code Description 200 OK 400 Bad request 404 Not found 408 Request timeout 500 Internal server failure 503 Service unavailable
  • ConfirmGetFile request The ConfirmGetFile request is invoked to confirm that the handheld unit 16 received the specified file.
  • HTTP Status Codes Code Description 200 OK 400 Bad request 404 Not found 408 Request timeout 500 Internal server failure 503 Service unavailable
  • the PutFile request is invoked when a handheld unit 16 requests to upload a file to the application program 22 .
  • HTTP Status Codes Code Description 200 OK 400 Bad request 404 Not found 408 Request timeout 500 Internal server failure 503 Service unavailable 516 File not found 517 Disk full
  • the application program 22 when a “live” activity is in progress, acts as a web server providing one or more compact mark-up language documents representing the live activity to the handheld units 16 , which act as a browsers. Each handheld unit displays information on the LCD screen 32 as specified by the compact mark-up language document.
  • the compact mark-up language document also dictates how the user may navigate, input responses, and what prompts the user receives.
  • the application program 22 provides this live activity “page” to the service program 26 when the service program 26 sends a GetLiveActivity request to the application program 22 (in response to a corresponding request from a handheld unit 16 ).
  • a sample request-response loop demonstrating a simple live activity session:
  • Request from service program 26 (initiated by student's handheld unit 16 ): POST /GetLiveActivity HTTP/1.1 Device-Address: 32781ae3896cb366e Request-ID: 101 User-Agent: Wasabi/1.0
  • the service program 26 converts the XML into a compact markup language document and transmits it to the handheld unit 16 .
  • the handheld unit 16 displays the question to the student.
  • the handheld unit 16 will again initiate a GetLiveActivity request, this time providing data in the query parameters which identify the activity, the question, and the user's response.
  • the application program 22 's response to this request can be dynamic based on the activity, the action, and the response to the question.
  • the activity document is the content that the application program 22 provides via the service handler API 23 when it receives a GetLiveActivity request.
  • An activity document includes a single ⁇ activity> element that itself can contain zero or more action elements. Action elements direct the user experience for the handheld unit 16 .
  • the following sections describe the elements of an activity document according to an embodiment of the invention, including optional elements for controlling device settings and user navigation.
  • the following sections also describe the format of the corresponding compact markup language documents that are transmitted to the handheld units 16 .
  • the ⁇ activity> element forms the root of the activity document.
  • the ⁇ application> element identifies the application program that served the activity.
  • the ⁇ environment_settings> element contains sub elements that specify the device environment settings for the activity.
  • the ⁇ calculator> element is a sub element of the ⁇ environment_settings> element and specifies whether the calculator is available during an activity. If this element is not provided, the calculator is enabled by default.
  • the ⁇ title> element is a sub element of the ⁇ activity> element and specifies the title of the activity.
  • the ⁇ navigation> element is a sub element of the ⁇ activity> element and specifies settings for user navigation using the keypad and menu system of the handheld unit 16 .
  • the ⁇ actions> element is a sub element of the ⁇ activity> element and is used to specify the actions for the activity.
  • the ⁇ respond> element is an action sub element of the ⁇ actions> element used to direct the handheld unit 16 to display a question prompt and then collect an input response from the student.
  • ⁇ r ⁇ i2 ⁇ p ⁇ Saturn is the ______ planet from the sun. ⁇ q ⁇ t n ⁇
  • the ⁇ message> element is an action sub element of the ⁇ actions> element used to direct the handheld unit 16 to display a prompt and then wait for a keypad press from the student.
  • the ⁇ takenote> element is an action sub element of the ⁇ actions> element used to direct the handheld unit 16 to display a note and then wait for the user to accept or reject the note.
  • the ⁇ submit> element is an action sub element of the ⁇ actions> element used to direct the handheld unit 16 to display a prompt asking the user if the activity is completed and ready to be turned in. This element is typically used when the student has responded to the last question in a live student paced activity or a homework activity. The handheld unit 16 will display the prompt and expect to collect a Yes or No response.
  • the ⁇ continue> element is an action sub element of the ⁇ actions> element used to direct the handheld unit 16 to allow the user to continue with the next action in an activity sequence.
  • the ⁇ prompt> element is a sub element of the ⁇ respond>, ⁇ message>, and ⁇ submit> elements and specifies the text that will be displayed to the user of the handheld unit 16 .
  • ⁇ r ⁇ i2 ⁇ p ⁇ Saturn is the ______ planet from the sun. ⁇ q ⁇ t n ⁇
  • the ⁇ keys> element is a sub element of the ⁇ message> action element and is used to specify what keypad buttons will advance the user to the next activity action. If omitted, then any key will dismiss the message.
  • the ⁇ question> element is a sub element of the ⁇ respond> action element and is used to specify what keypad buttons are valid for collecting a response from the user and other properties specific to the type of response being requested.
  • Valid values include: b, c, d, e, g, h, j, k for multiple choice, n for numeric, y for yes/no, t for true/false, and fr for free response.
  • ⁇ i number attribute ⁇ si start_number attribute ⁇ ei end_number attribute ⁇ n total_questions attribute ⁇ ms multiple_select attribute If present, multiple select is enabled.
  • ⁇ a alternate_distractors attribute If present, alternate distractor labels are enabled.
  • ⁇ r ⁇ i2 ⁇ p ⁇ Saturn is the ______ planet from the sun. ⁇ q ⁇ i2 ⁇ n10 ⁇ t n ⁇
  • Example 2 A 50 question multiple choice repeater.
  • the ⁇ distractors> element is a sub element of the ⁇ question> element and is used to specify the multiple choice distractor elements.
  • the ⁇ distractor> element is a sub element of the ⁇ distractors> element and is used to specify the text of a multiple choice answer.
  • Homework is a special type of student-paced activity in which the activity is downloaded to the handheld unit 16 and completed offline.
  • a live connection to the wireless network 24 and the application program 22 is not required for a student to engage in a homework activity. Since the activity is completed offline, the application program 22 generally does not intervene to control the pace and flow of homework activity. Thus, homework activities are generally static activities.
  • Homework is not classified as “live” as are teacher and student-paced activities.
  • Completing a homework activity involves the student responding to the questions in the activity and marking the activity complete.
  • the application program 22 To allow the application program 22 to collect homework, the student connects to the wireless network 24 using her handheld unit 16 and updates the application program 22 . During the update, answers to the homework activity questions are uploaded to the application program 22 's service handler API 23 .
  • a handheld unit 16 homework activity can be “locked” when it is created by the application program 22 .
  • a locked homework activity cannot be deleted explicitly by the user of the handheld unit 16 . It can only be deleted by the teacher using the application program 22 or by submitting it as completed. Locked homework activities are typically used when a teacher wants to make sure a student does not delete the assignment (either mistakenly or purposefully).
  • a homework document is a markup language document, such as an XML document.
  • the application program 22 may provide a homework document to a handheld unit 16 via the service handler API 23 and the service program 26 when the handheld unit 16 submits a GetFile request.
  • the homework document is similar to the activity document, with a few small differences.
  • a homework document includes at least one ⁇ homework> element.
  • the ⁇ homework> element has one required attribute, “id” and one optional attribute, “locked.”
  • the “id” attribute identifies the homework activity.
  • Each homework activity the application program 22 creates should be assigned a unique identifier. This identifier is used to track the note file from creation to deletion.
  • a GUID is typically used, although any id that is unique to the handheld unit 16 user is sufficient.
  • the “locked” attribute can have a value of true or false, and indicates whether or not the homework activity is locked. Homework activities that are “locked” cannot be deleted by the handheld unit 16 user. The default value for the locked attribute is false.
  • the ⁇ homework> element includes the optional elements ⁇ sender>, ⁇ assign_date> and ⁇ due_date>.
  • the ⁇ sender> element specifies the name of the person that assigned the activity.
  • the ⁇ assign_date> element specifies the date the activity was assigned.
  • the date format is CCYYMMDD.
  • the ⁇ due_date> element specifies the date the activity is due.
  • the date format is CCYYMMDD.
  • Date format is CCYYMMDD.
  • a completed homework document is a markup language document that the application program 22 receives via the service handler API 23 when PutFile is invoked by a handheld unit 16 to submit completed homework.
  • the document defines the responses entered by the student for the homework activity.
  • the application program 22 may also provide features to create homework. If the application 22 supports “locked” homework, then the application program 22 may also include features to delete locked homework that is never turned in by the student.
  • the application program 22 When a handheld unit 16 submits a GetFileList request via the service program 26 and the service handler API 23 , the application program 22 's response should include in the list any homework it wants downloaded to the requesting handheld unit 16 . The homework files themselves are then provided by the application program 22 when the handheld unit 16 submits a GetFile request via the service handler program 26 .
  • the handheld unit 16 When a homework activity is successfully downloaded to the handheld unit 16 , the handheld unit 16 will submit a ConfirmGetFile request to the application program 22 using the id of the homework activity the application program 22 assigned.
  • Typically submitted homework will be deleted from the user's file list after the homework file is successfully uploaded with the PutFile request.
  • the handheld unit 16 will submit a GetFileList request to confirm the file was received and removed from the homework list. If the handheld unit 16 finds the file has been removed from the list, it will delete it from its own internal memory.
  • the handheld unit 16 finds, in its internal memory, homework that came from the application program 22 but is no longer reported in the application program 22 's file list, then the handheld unit 16 will attempt to delete the file or files for the homework from its internal memory. This may occur, for example, when a teacher or the application program 22 deletes the homework prior to a student's submission.
  • a note is simple text message of up to 255 characters that an application program 22 can create for a handheld unit 16 user to download and view.
  • the intended usage of notes in handheld unit 16 in one embodiment is for instructions for homework activities and sending messages to parents and guardians.
  • a note can be “locked” when it is created by the application program 22 .
  • a locked note cannot be deleted by the handheld unit 16 user. It can only be deleted by the teacher using the application program 22 . Locked notes are typically used when a teacher wants to make sure a note was read by a parent and not deleted by the student.
  • a note may be defined by a markup language document, such as an XML document, that the application program 22 provides to a handheld unit 16 when a GetFile request is submitted by the handheld unit 16 .
  • a note document has at least one ⁇ note> element.
  • the ⁇ note> element has an “id” attribute, and may optionally have a “locked” attribute.
  • the “id” attribute is used to identify the note.
  • Each note the application program 22 creates should be assigned a unique identifier. This identifier is used to track the note from creation to deletion.
  • a GUID is typically used although any id that is unique to the handheld unit 16 user is sufficient.
  • the “locked” attribute can have a value of true or false, and indicates whether or not the note is locked.
  • the ⁇ note> element includes the optional elements ⁇ title>, ⁇ sender>, and ⁇ date>.
  • the ⁇ title> element contains text that specifies the title of the note.
  • the ⁇ sender> element contains text that specifies the name of the person that assigned the activity.
  • the ⁇ date> element contains text that specifies the date the note was created.
  • the date format is CCYYMMDD.
  • the ⁇ note> element also includes the required element ⁇ body>, which specifies the content of the note.
  • the text content of the ⁇ body> element supports use of the ⁇ br/> element to control line breaks.
  • the application program 22 should provide features to create notes. If the application program 22 supports “locked” notes, then the application program 22 should include features to delete the locked notes.
  • the application program 22 When a handheld unit 16 submits a GetFileList request, the application program 22 's response should include any notes it wants downloaded to the requesting handheld unit 16 . Note files will then be transmitted by the application program 22 to the handheld unit 16 .
  • the handheld unit 16 When a note is successfully sent to the handheld unit 16 , the handheld unit 16 will call the ConfirmGetFile API via the responder port 23 with the id of the note the application program 22 assigned. Upon receiving this confirmation, the application program 22 will delete the transmitted note unless it is “locked.”
  • the service program 26 ( FIG. 1 ) communicates with the handheld units 16 using a compact transport protocol and compact markup language documents.
  • the communication between the service program 26 and the handheld units 16 takes the form of a requests and responses.
  • the format of these requests and responses, as well as the structure of the compact transport protocol, will now be described.
  • the compact transport protocol will sometimes be referred to herein as SDTP.
  • a handheld unit 16 constructs a service payload using the compact transport protocol syntax. Next, datagram fragments are created as needed with the “Service” field set to 0x40. These datagrams are then transmitted to a personal area network (PAN) coordinator (such as the base station 11 ) using MAC data frames.
  • PAN personal area network
  • Service request payloads are formed using syntax of the form: SDTP/version + SPACE + service_resource_path + CRLF [ request-header + CRLF] CRLF [ request-body ]
  • Message headers for request include: Header Description Example ri Identification of the request that ri: 100 is returned in the response.
  • ua User agent Describes the device and ua: wasabi/1.0 version.
  • the service program 26 responds to a request from a handheld unit 16 , the responses are collected using the MAC data request command. Datagram fragments are then broadcast from the PAN coordinator. The handheld unit 16 receives the fragments and assembles them to extract the service response payload.
  • Service responses are returned in the syntax of the form: SDTP/version + SPACE + status_code + SPACE + status_message + CRLF [ response-header + CRLF ] CRLF [ response-body ]
  • Message headers for response include: Header Description Example ru Identifies the URL of the request ru: /asown the response is intended for. ri Identification of the request that ri: 100 response is intended for. Required when request initially specified an id. sv Server. Describes the server and sv: AccelTest/2.4 version fulfilling the request. Optional. cl Content length. cl: 23
  • a response with this status code has the following forms:
  • Example 1 User Authentication SDTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized ru:/act ri:101 ⁇ auth ⁇ app ⁇ i 5899128ca5637be36 ⁇ n AccelTest ⁇ ⁇ p ⁇ Enter your student ID: ⁇
  • Example 2 Administrator PIN Authentication SDTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized ru:/act ri:101 ⁇ auth ⁇ a ⁇ app ⁇ i 5899128ca5637be36 ⁇ n AccelTest ⁇ ⁇ p ⁇ Enter the administrator PIN: ⁇
  • Parameter Validation Value auth Required element a Optional attribute If present, user is required to supply the administrator PIN. nk Optional attribute If present, the device should not store the user credentials in the key chain. app Required element app ⁇ i Required attribute Application GUID app ⁇ n Optional attribute Application Name p Required element Prompt to display to user
  • kc Key chain element required Key supplied by user or device.
  • kc ⁇ a Optional attribute If present, key is for administrator authentication.
  • Example 1 User Authentication SDTP/1.0 /auth ri:101 cl:31 ⁇ kc ⁇ k 101 ⁇ app ⁇ i 3d8920a182ef4829 ⁇
  • Example 2 Administrator PIN Authentication SDTP/1.0 /auth ri:101 cl:31 ⁇ kc ⁇ a ⁇ k 101 ⁇ app ⁇ i 3d8920a182ef4829 ⁇
  • r User response element optional r ⁇ i Action id attribute; ID of the action within optional the activity.
  • r ⁇ Response text optional The user's response to the question
  • nv Navigation element Specifies the users optional navigation choice.
  • nv ⁇ q Question number Specifies direct attribute navigation to a specific question number.
  • nv ⁇ b Back attribute Specifies backward navigation to the previous action.
  • nv ⁇ f Forward attribute Specifies forward navigation to the next action. Activity specific.
  • Example 1 Activity Request with response data. SDTP/1.0 /act ri:101 cl:54 ⁇ act ⁇ i 43920afe128ca82a1 ⁇ app ⁇ i 5899128ca5637be36 ⁇ r ⁇ i4 ⁇ q1 ⁇ 47.3 ⁇
  • Example 2 Activity Request with response data and navigation to question 5.
  • Example 3 Activity Request with credentials supplied SDTP/1.0 /act ri:101 cl:54 ⁇ kc ⁇ k a387b1 ⁇ app ⁇ i 3d8920a182ef4829 ⁇
  • Activity data is contained in device markup.
  • Example 1 Standard response with activity data. SDTP/1.0 200 OK ru:/act ri:101 cl:82 activity markup data
  • Example 2 Response with authentication request. SDTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized ru:/act ri:101 cl:82 ⁇ auth ⁇ app ⁇ i 5899128ca5637be36 ⁇ n AccelTest ⁇ ⁇ p ⁇ Enter your student ID: ⁇
  • File List Get a list of the files for the device owner from the current application.
  • Example 1 Get Files Request SDTP/1.0 /files ri:101
  • Example 2 Get Files Request with credentials supplied SDTP/1.0 /files ri:101 cl:54 ⁇ kc ⁇ k a387b1 ⁇ app ⁇ i 3d8920a182ef4829 ⁇
  • Application and File elements are contained in the device markup.
  • Parameter Validation Value fl filelist element app Application element app ⁇ i Application id attribute; GUID of the application required server the filelist was served from.
  • hw Homework element hw ⁇ i Homework id attribute; ID of the homework file required specified by the application.
  • t Homework title optional Text specifying the homework title.
  • no Note element no ⁇ i Note id attribute; ID of the note file specified required by the application.
  • Example 1 Standard Response SDTP/1.0 200 OK ri:101 ⁇ fl ⁇ app ⁇ i 3d8920a182ef4829 ⁇ hw ⁇ i ab7291ef3910a12 ⁇ t ⁇ Chapter 1 Quiz ⁇ hw ⁇ i ab7291ef3910a13 ⁇ t ⁇ Chapter 1.1 Exercise ⁇ hw ⁇ i ab7291ef3910a13 ⁇ t ⁇ Chapter 1.1 Exercise ⁇ no ⁇ i ab7291ef3910a14 ⁇
  • Example 2 Response with authentication request. SDTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized ru:/files ri:101 cl:82 ⁇ auth ⁇ app ⁇ i 5899128ca5637be36 ⁇ n AccelTest ⁇ ⁇ p ⁇ Enter your student ID: ⁇
  • Get File Return the requested file from the specified application server.
  • Example homework upload SDTP/1.0 /putf ri:101 cl:124 ⁇ f ⁇ i ab7291ef3910a12 ⁇ app 3d8920a182ef4829 ⁇ hw ⁇ sub1 ⁇ r ⁇ i1 ⁇ q1 ⁇ b ⁇ r ⁇ i2 ⁇ q2 ⁇ b ⁇ r ⁇ i3 ⁇ q3 ⁇ a ⁇ r ⁇ i4 ⁇ q4 ⁇ 42.3 ⁇ ⁇ r ⁇ i5 ⁇ q5 ⁇ t ⁇
  • the wireless audience response system described herein may be used in a variety of scenarios.
  • the application programs 22 may be implemented as any of a number of different types of programs. Now, several usage scenarios or “use cases” for the wireless audience response system will be described, with appropriate references to FIG. 1 .
  • the application program 22 A in this scenario is a “first run” application, which is the application that is invoked after a software installation on the computer 12 is complete.
  • This “first run” application configures the access point 14 , guides the teacher through a setup procedure of the handheld unit 16 , and performs other “one time, first run” tasks.
  • the application program 22 A might include a step that asks whether the teacher wants to assign ownership of devices to students. If the teacher will not be assigning ownership, then setup is complete. If ownership is desired, handheld unit 16 might do it or the application program 22 A could do it. Alternatively, student rosters may be stored on the remote computer 28 , which the teacher could access via a website and download.
  • Network security setup This use case details the steps for establishing advanced network security settings.
  • encryption keys are used, this use case may include the steps to specify these settings as well. Both the access point 14 and handheld unit 16 would include setup steps to input the keys and settings for encryption.
  • This use case describes the process to assign an owner to a handheld unit 16 .
  • an application program 22 when an application program 22 sets the owner information, it will include the key for itself to be stored on the virtual key chain of the handheld unit 16 . This way, the student does not need to enter this later when working with application program 22 .
  • An application key allows automatic identification of the student/handheld unit 16 when activities and notes are manipulated.
  • the teacher may also elect to label the handheld unit 16 with a waterproof pen or printed label.
  • Reset owner This use case describes the process to reset the owner on a handheld unit 16 .
  • Power off, owned device This use case details the steps of powering off a handheld unit 16 that is owned.
  • Anonymous live activity unprompted. This use case details the experience of a handheld unit 16 initiating communication with the wireless network 24 while a live activity is running. This activity is anonymous, speaker paced, unprompted, and requires no user identification.
  • a handheld unit 16 has an owner, the live activity will not be entered automatically. The user will instead see a “Live Activity” menu choice to select to participate in the activity. If the device is owned and locked with a PIN, the PIN will be requested on Power On.
  • Student identification This use case details the process of identifying a student to a host application and storing the login identification information in a key chain key.
  • the key chain device is available for devices that have been assigned an owner.
  • the key chain remembers the login credentials for each application and is used to automatically identify the student the next time he accesses the system 10 .
  • Teacher paced, unprompted live activity This use case details the steps as a student works with the teacher on a live paced, unprompted activity in the classroom.
  • Application program 22 is host of the live activity in this case.
  • Student paced, prompted live activity This use case details the steps as a student works with the on an individualized live paced, prompted activity in the classroom.
  • Application program 22 is host of the live activity in this case.
  • Student paced, unprompted live activity This use case details the steps as a student works with the on an individualized live paced, unprompted activity in the classroom.
  • Application program 22 B is host of the live activity in this case.
  • An optional scenario might include the teacher identifying the assessment the entire class will participate in and download it before having students engage in the activity. This might avoid the delay that a student will encounter waiting for the assessment to download after entering a Form ID. If a single assessment is identified, application program 22 F might ask for the student ID instead of Form ID. Application program 22 F would use the student ID to look up a Form ID if necessary. With this approach, students could use their well known student number that does not change, instead of a Form ID that is unique for each assessment they might take.
  • Expired activity This use case details the scenario in which a student falls behind or does not finish the live activity and the teacher has quit the classroom application or has moved on to another activity. The live activity that the student was working on is considered expired.
  • Homework activity This use case details the creation and assignment of homework activities to students with handheld unit 16 .
  • Homework may be given to handheld unit 16 that have been assigned to an owner.
  • Collected activities are deleted automatically off the handheld unit 16 .
  • a student may delete homework activities that are not “locked” by the teacher. These might be extra-credit activities.
  • New activity This use case details the creation of a new homework activity from the student.
  • Homework activities can only be done on a handheld unit 16 that has been assigned to an owner.
  • Locked notes are typically those targeted for parents to read.
  • This use case illustrates the replacement strategy for dealing with a lost handheld unit 16 .
  • the handheld unit 16 is owned and has homework and notes activities on it.
  • Delete notes This use case details the steps to delete notes.
  • Locked Notes can only be deleted by the teacher or through an owner reset action. Locked homework activities are deleted when completed and submitted to the host that created them, by the teacher, and by an owner reset action.
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US10460616B2 (en) * 2012-11-27 2019-10-29 Active Learning Solutions Holdings Limited Method and system for active learning
US11238751B1 (en) * 2019-03-25 2022-02-01 Bubble-In, LLC Systems and methods of testing administration by mobile device application

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EP1739888A3 (de) 2007-01-10
US20060293048A1 (en) 2006-12-28
EP1739887B1 (de) 2009-10-21
EP2282600A1 (de) 2011-02-09
ATE446659T1 (de) 2009-11-15
CA2549223A1 (en) 2006-12-27
DE602006009873D1 (de) 2009-12-03
CA2549438A1 (en) 2006-12-27
CA2549245A1 (en) 2006-12-27
US7502855B2 (en) 2009-03-10
EP1739887A2 (de) 2007-01-03
EP1739888A2 (de) 2007-01-03
EP1739887A3 (de) 2007-01-24
US20060294216A1 (en) 2006-12-28

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