US20050265870A1 - Actuating means able to be activated by fluid action - Google Patents

Actuating means able to be activated by fluid action Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050265870A1
US20050265870A1 US11/124,737 US12473705A US2005265870A1 US 20050265870 A1 US20050265870 A1 US 20050265870A1 US 12473705 A US12473705 A US 12473705A US 2005265870 A1 US2005265870 A1 US 2005265870A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
head piece
hose
actuating means
set forth
piece part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/124,737
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English (en)
Inventor
Achim Schantze
Alexander Müller
Bernd Lorenz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Festo SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Festo SE and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Festo SE and Co KG filed Critical Festo SE and Co KG
Assigned to FESTO AG & CO. reassignment FESTO AG & CO. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LORENZ, BERND, MULLER, ALEXANDER, SCHANTZE, ACHIM
Publication of US20050265870A1 publication Critical patent/US20050265870A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/10—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit the motor being of diaphragm type
    • F15B15/103—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit the motor being of diaphragm type using inflatable bodies that contract when fluid pressure is applied, e.g. pneumatic artificial muscles or McKibben-type actuators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an actuating means able to be activated by fluid action comprising a contractile hose, extending between two head pieces and adapted, under fluid action in the space within it, to undergo radial expansion while simultaneously exerting axial tension forces on the head pieces involving a tendency to draw same together, the contractile hose having a hose body of a material with rubber elastic properties and a strand structure embedded in the wall of the hose body with a coaxial arrangement, said contractile hose being secured to at least one head piece by having an end section thereof clamped in an annular clamping gap, which is defined by the outer periphery of an inner head piece part extending axially into the contractile hose and the inner periphery of an outer head piece part coaxially surrounding the contractile hose at the level of the inner head piece part.
  • a contractile hose composed of a rubber elastic hose body and a strand structure embedded in the hose body has both its hose end sections secured in a respective head piece.
  • the head pieces comprise an inner head piece part extending into the contractile hose and an outer head piece part surrounding the associated hose end section, such outer head piece part being designed like a union nut and being screwed onto the inner head piece part.
  • an annular clamping gap is defined, in which the associated hose end section is clamped by compression. The pressing operation occurs because there is the axial screwing of the two parts of the head piece and a conical shape of the clamping gap or nip.
  • the inner space of the contractile hose is filled with a pressure medium under a certain actuating pressure. This causes a radial expansion of the contractile hose resulting in a tendency to axially contract so that tension forces are applied to the head pieces, whose action on the head pieces involves moving same together. It is in this manner that external structures or, respectively, components, which are fixed to the head pieces, may be braced together and/or shifted in relation to one another.
  • the clamping connection between the contractile hose and the head pieces has turned out to be problematical more especially on the occurrence of substantial tension forces.
  • the clamping face of one of the clamping units is provided with several projections, which are able to bite into the material of the contractile hose, there is danger of the contractile hose's being pulled out of the clamping gap.
  • One object of the invention is to create an actuating means which despite a simple structure ensures a reliable connection between the contractile hose and the head piece even on the occurrence of high tensile forces.
  • the outer periphery of the inner head piece part and the inner periphery of the outer head piece part have saw tooth serrated areas, whose direction of serration is in the axial direction, the flat tooth flanks facing the clamping gap opening with the contractile hose extending through it, the two saw tooth serrated areas are so arranged that their teeth, lying at the same axial level, are respectively radially opposite each other in pairs with their tips opposite each other and the outer head piece part is designed in the form of a compression sleeve radially compressed, with radial deformation, with the hose end section surrounded by it.
  • the compression sleeve is preferably able to be slipped from the opposite front side (opposite to the axial clamping gap opening) coaxially on the inner head piece part prior to radial pressing until owing to mutually cooperating abutment faces, an axial relative position is reached in which the paired radial alignment of teeth of the saw tooth serrated areas on the two sides is attained. This renders possible high speed production without involved adjustment operations.
  • the compression sleeve has an annular, radially inwardly extending positioning projection, which during radial pressing fits into an annular, radially outwardly open securing groove in the inner head piece part and in this manner sets the desired axial relative position of the two parts of the head piece.
  • the clamping gap can merge with an annular gap extending radially outward and defined between the inner part of head piece and the compression sleeve, such gap rendering possible a displacement without damage of the pressed hose body material.
  • the saw tooth serrated areas are preferably so arranged that their envelope lines defined by the teeth tips extend in parallelism to each other. This means that there is an even pressing along the entire length of the clamped hose end section avoiding local overloading.
  • a further advantage results from there being a form of the two saw tooth serrated areas, and therefore of the clamping gap, widening toward the axial clamping gap opening, through which the contractile hose extends.
  • the slope in relation to the longitudinal axis of the head piece is of the order of 2 degrees.
  • this slope of the clamping gap which is opposite to the design of the said patent publication 00/61952 A1, leads to substantially improved attachment conditions. This is more especially the case when the diameter of the clamping gap at the axial clamping gap opening is somewhat larger than the diameter of the contractile hose in the middle section between the two head pieces in the deactivated condition.
  • the radial distance between the two envelope faces, defined by the teeth tips, of the two saw tooth serrated areas is at least as large as the radial dimensions of the strand structure embedded in the wall of the hose body and is preferably even somewhat larger, a particularly secure clamping of the contractile hose without damage of the strand structure is possible.
  • the load on the contractile hose at the axial clamping gap opening may be substantially reduced if the rear end section located here, of the clamping gap, is free of teeth and smooth.
  • the saw tooth serrated area the comes to an end before reaching the clamping gap opening.
  • the height of the teeth of the saw tooth serrated areas is so selected that it is approximately equal to 1 ⁇ 4 of the wall thickness of the hose body.
  • FIG. 1 shows a preferred working example of the actuating means in accordance with the invention, partly in longitudinal section and in the pressed state of the compression sleeve.
  • FIG. 2 shows part of the end section, illustrated in the top figure half of FIG. 1 , of the actuating means on a larger scale.
  • FIG. 3 represents the end section, illustrated in the top half of FIG. 1 , of the actuating means prior to pressing of the compression sleeve, the compression sleeve being indicated in chained lines prior to coaxial placement on the inner part of head piece provided with the contractile hose.
  • the actuating means 1 illustrated in the drawings by way of example comprises two first and second head pieces 2 and 3 arranged at an axial distance apart, which are permanently connected together by way of a linearly extending contractile hose 4 .
  • the contractile hose 4 At least in the deactivated state of the actuating means 1 the contractile hose 4 preferably has an essentially tubular form.
  • the contractile hose 3 of the working example possesses an elongated hose body 5 consisting of a material with rubber elastic properties. As a material more particularly rubber itself or another elastomeric material is employed. In the wall of the hose body 5 a strand structure 6 is embedded, which is for the sake of simplicity only indicated in chained lines, which is completely surrounded by the material of the hose body 5 and is coaxial to the body.
  • the structural design of the contractile hose 4 is the same as that described in the said patent publication WO 00/61952 A1.
  • the strand structure 6 there is accordingly a limitation the principal features.
  • attention is called to the content of the above mentioned specification.
  • the strand structure 6 comprises strands 7 a and 7 b arranged to cross over one another and having a high tensile strength. These strands are collected in two strand groups including on the one hand the strands 7 a and on the other hand the strands 7 b, the strands 7 a and 7 b extending within a respective strand group having the same longitudinal orientation.
  • the two strand groups themselves are arranged in a crossed over configuration as is illustrated in FIG. 1 in the enlarged part thereof, showing the strand structure looking radially in relation to longitudinal axis 9 of the actuating means 1 .
  • the material of the hose body 5 holds the strand groups constantly at a radial distance apart in relation to each other. Direct contact between the strand groups 7 a and 7 b, which would cause increased friction may thus be excluded.
  • the contractile hose 4 has its two axial end sections 10 —in the drawing only illustrated in connection with the sectioned left hand head piece 2 —so secured to the respectively associated head piece 2 and 3 that on the one hand there is a fluid-tight connection between the hose body 5 and the respective head piece 2 and 3 and on the other hand tension forces are able to be transmitted to the respective head piece 2 and 3 .
  • the contractile hose In its interior the contractile hose delimits an interior space 13 which at the end is terminated at the ends by the two head pieces 2 and 3 .
  • At least one fluid duct 14 Into the interior space 13 there opens at least one fluid duct 14 , which in the working example extends through the first head piece 2 outside the plane of the drawing.
  • the outer end of the fluid duct 14 is so designed that a fluid line, not illustrated in detail, is able to be attached with which the connection with a pressure source may be produced.
  • the actuating means 1 is operated with a gaseous medium and more particularly compressed air. It is however suitable for operation with a hydraulic fluid, for instance oil or water too.
  • Each head piece 2 and 3 is provided at an externally accessible point with force output connection means 17 .
  • force output connection means 17 are constituted by a threaded sections. They render possible the attachment of the respective head piece 2 and 3 to a component, not illustrated.
  • the output means 17 are as a rule connected with such components, which in the case of need must be drawn together with a certain force.
  • the operating pressure building up in the interior space 13 of the hose during activation of the actuating means causes an actuation of the contractile hose 4 such that there is a radial expansion.
  • the consequence of this is that the contractile hose 4 simultaneously undergoes an axial contraction, the axial tension forces then resulting acting to produce a mutual movement together of the head pieces 2 and 3 . It is in this manner that components secured to the two head pieces 2 and 3 may be shifted in relation to each other.
  • the drop in pressure taking place on deactivation in the interior space 13 in the hose means that the contractile hose 4 returns to the original condition of extent. In case of need this return movement may however be aided with additional means, as for example spring means.
  • the contractile hose 4 In order to transmit the tension forces to the head pieces 2 and 3 the contractile hose 4 has its end sections 10 firmly clamped in an annular clamping gap or nip 18 in the respectively associated head piece 2 and 3 .
  • the clamping gap 18 is located radially between the outer periphery of an inner head piece part 22 and the outer head piece part 23 coaxially surrounding the outer head piece part 23 .
  • the clamping gap 18 is provided with an axially orientated annular clamping gap opening 24 facing the respectively other head piece 2 and 3 and through which the contractile hose 4 extends into the clamping gap 18 .
  • the inner head piece part 22 is preferably that respective component of the head piece 2 and 3 , which is provided with the force output means 17 .
  • Its first attachment section 25 which in the example is stud-like, 25 extends from the end some distance into the contractile hose 4 , the outer periphery of such attachment section 25 being provided with a first saw tooth serrated area 27 .
  • the inner head piece part 22 is surrounded, with the hose end section 10 is axially in between, by a sleeve-like attachment section 26 of the outer head piece part 23 , whose inner periphery is provided with a second saw tooth serrated area 28 .
  • the individual teeth 32 and 33 of the saw tooth serrated areas 27 and 28 are annularly shaped and with a form concentric to the longitudinal axis 9 , the teeth being arranged in sequence in the direction of the longitudinal axis 9 , that is to say axially, this resulting in a saw tooth serrated form in the axial direction.
  • the saw tooth serrated areas 27 and 28 are so designed that their flat tooth flanks 34 face the clamping gap opening 24 and accordingly the respectively opposite other head piece.
  • the steep tooth flanks 35 face forward toward the front end, opposite to the contractile hose 4 , of the respective head piece 2 and 3 .
  • FIG. 2 furthermore clearly shows that the two saw tooth serrated areas 27 and 28 are so arranged that their teeth are respectively arranged in pairs at the same level so that in the axial direction, that is to say in the direction of the longitudinal axis 9 there is a plurality of pairs of teeth, one respective tooth 32 of the first saw tooth serrated area 27 and a tooth 33 of the second saw tooth serrated area 28 being radially opposite each other.
  • Several such radial “tooth planes” are indicated in chained lines in FIG. 2 .
  • the outer head piece part 23 constitutes a compression sleeve 37 and is radially pressed with radial deformation together with the hose end section 10 surrounded by it, the hose end section 10 being supported in a radially inward direction by the first attachment section 25 gripping it of the inner head piece part 22 .
  • Owing to such pressed connection the teeth 32 and 33 are forced into the wall of the hose body 5 , while the hose material then displaced is received in the intermediate spaces 38 between teeth. It is in this manner that the entire clamping gap 18 with the saw tooth serrations is filled up with the material of the hose body 5 .
  • the resulting interlocking and hooking hold lead to a firm engagement with the hose end section 10 and prevent its dropping out even under extremely high tension forces.
  • the compression sleeve 17 bears against the inner head piece part 22 axially to resist the acting tension forces.
  • the inner head piece part 22 possesses an axially projecting first abutment face 42 in the working example, which is orientated axially to the fore, that is to say away from the contractile hose 4 .
  • This first abutment face 42 preferably has an annular form and is located on a radially projecting annular collar 44 (delimiting the clamping gap 18 on the front side opposite to the clamping gap opening) on the inner head piece part 22 .
  • the annular collar 44 thus extends radially past the first saw tooth serrated area 27 .
  • the two abutment faces 42 and 43 serve not only for the transmission of force but also for positioning the compression sleeve 37 during assembly.
  • the compression sleeve 37 Prior to assembly the compression sleeve 37 is so radially expanded in accordance with FIG. 3 that the radial distance between the first and second envelope faces of the two saw tooth serrated areas, defined by the tips of the teeth 32 and 33 , of the two saw tooth serrated areas 27 and 28 is the same as the wall thickness of the contractile hose 4 or is slightly larger.
  • the inner diameter of the annular projection 45 is at the same time somewhat smaller than the outer diameter of the annular collar 44 so that there is a radial overlap.
  • the compression sleeve 37 is indicated by the arrow slipped from the front side coaxially onto the inner head piece part 22 until the annular projection 45 engages the annular collar 44 and accordingly the desired axial slipping-on position of the compression sleeve 37 is reached, the teeth 32 and 33 lying in pairs at the same axial level.
  • annular collar 44 also functions as an abutment for slipping on the contractile hose.
  • the contractile hose 4 is slipped on so far from the rear side onto the inner head piece part 22 that its end face 54 engages the annular collar 44 .
  • the annular gap 55 extends into that portion which is located radially between the annular collar 44 and the section, which surrounds it, of the compression sleeve 37 .
  • the radial height of the annular gap 55 is reduced as can be readily seen from a comparison of the FIGS. 3 and 2 .
  • Circumferential grooves 53 extending in the outer periphery of the compression sleeve 37 facilitate holding in the pressing tool, not illustrated.
  • the first abutment face 42 constitutes the flank of an annular groove termed a locating groove 57 , which is axially to the fore of the annular collar 44 and whose second flank is located on a further annular collar 58 , which is located at a distance in front of the annular collar 44 .
  • the outer diameter of the further annular collar 58 is smaller than that of the annular collar 44 serving for setting the slipping on position and is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the undeformed annular projection 45 . Accordingly the annular projection 45 can, during assembly by slipping on, slide over the further annular collar 58 .
  • the compression sleeve 37 is also reliably prevented from moving forward in relation to the inner head piece part 22 .
  • the two saw tooth serrated areas 27 and 28 widen conically toward the axial clamping gap opening 24 , through which the contractile hose 4 extends.
  • the two envelope faces 46 and 47 have a conical shape tapering toward the front side of the respective head piece 2 and 3 .
  • the apex angle is however relatively small and preferably is of the order of approximately 4 degrees. This results in an oblique slope between a respective envelope face 46 and 47 and the longitudinal axis 9 of approximately 2 degrees.
  • the envelope lines, defined by the two envelope faces 46 and 47 , of the two saw tooth serrated areas 27 and 28 are preferably parallel to each other. Furthermore the individual teeth 32 and 33 are preferably identically designed. Accordingly there is a constant surface pressure along the entire clamping zone covered by the saw tooth serrated areas 27 and 28 .
  • the contractile hose 4 In the mounted state the contractile hose 4 preferably has a somewhat larger diameter than in the non-mounted state. This is more particularly because of the conically tapering form of clamping gap in the slip-on direction of the contractile hose 4 .
  • the contractile hose 4 is in this case caused to slightly bulge outward in the clamping gap opening 24 and in the rear end section 62 , directly following same in the axial direction, of the clamping gap 18 .
  • the clamping gap is preferably unserrated and has a smooth surface. Accordingly the load on the contractile hose 4 in the transition zone merging with the clamping gap 18 is minimized.
  • the radial distance apart between the two envelope faces 46 and 47 of the two saw tooth serrated areas 27 and 28 in the completely assembled state of the compression sleeve 37 is at least equal to the radial dimensions of the strand structure 6 embedded in the wall of the hose body and preferably is slightly larger than it.
  • Such a configuration is depicted in FIG. 2 . Accordingly it is possible to ensure that the strand structure is not damaged by the teeth 32 and 33 pressed into the hose body 5 .
  • the strand structure 6 maintains an at least essentially linear form along the length of the contractile hose 4 even in the completely assembled state of the respective head piece 2 and 3 . If the saw tooth serrated areas 27 and 28 were axially offset in relation to each other, one respective tooth of the one saw tooth serrated area on the contractile hose could be pressed into the radially opposite tooth gap so that there might be a corrugated deformation of the strand structure 6 and resulting longitudinal stretch zones, which could impair strength. Owing to the particular tooth arrangement this disadvantage is countered.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Joints That Cut Off Fluids, And Hose Joints (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
US11/124,737 2004-05-26 2005-05-09 Actuating means able to be activated by fluid action Abandoned US20050265870A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04012388.7 2004-05-26
EP04012388A EP1602831B1 (de) 2004-05-26 2004-05-26 Durch Fluidbeaufschlagung aktivierbare Betätigungseinrichtung

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US20050265870A1 true US20050265870A1 (en) 2005-12-01

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US11/124,737 Abandoned US20050265870A1 (en) 2004-05-26 2005-05-09 Actuating means able to be activated by fluid action

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US (1) US20050265870A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1602831B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE345447T1 (de)
DE (1) DE502004002011D1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107041341A (zh) * 2017-05-22 2017-08-15 吉林省养蜂科学研究所（吉林省蜂产品质量管理监督站、吉林省蜜蜂遗传资源基因保护中心） 一种蜜蜂人工授精针头拉制方法及其拉制器
US20190203740A1 (en) * 2016-09-02 2019-07-04 Bridgestone Corporation Hydraulic actuator
WO2020249983A1 (en) 2019-06-14 2020-12-17 Actuation Lab Ltd Contractile device for use as an actuator, pump or compressor

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007017419B3 (de) * 2007-04-13 2008-05-29 Festo Ag & Co. Kontraktionsantrieb
DE102007017417B4 (de) 2007-04-13 2011-06-30 FESTO AG & Co. KG, 73734 Aktuator
DE102018205891B3 (de) 2018-04-18 2019-02-21 Festo Ag & Co. Kg Durch Fluidbeaufschlagung aktivierbare Betätigungseinrichtung mit Rastmechanismus

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3243208A (en) * 1964-06-04 1966-03-29 Atlas Copco Ab Compressed sleeve coupling for flexible hoses
US3885819A (en) * 1972-11-21 1975-05-27 Herbert Egerer Compressed air hose connection
US4293150A (en) * 1977-01-17 1981-10-06 Resistoflex Corporation Fluid conduit assembly
US4653779A (en) * 1986-03-17 1987-03-31 Dayco Products, Inc. Hose coupling and method of making the same
US6318763B1 (en) * 1999-01-13 2001-11-20 Hung-Yueh Huang High-pressure fluid hose connector
US6349746B1 (en) * 1999-04-14 2002-02-26 Festo Ag & Co. Actuating means
US6394506B1 (en) * 2000-08-29 2002-05-28 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Hose coupling
US6827375B2 (en) * 2001-12-13 2004-12-07 Wellstream International Limited End fitting tubular members and method of applying same

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60196413A (ja) * 1984-03-21 1985-10-04 Hitachi Ltd アクチユエ−タ
JPH0745255B2 (ja) * 1991-05-09 1995-05-17 株式会社ニチフ端子工業 電線識別表示具への識別記号印字装置
DE20205655U1 (de) * 2002-04-12 2002-07-04 FESTO AG & Co., 73734 Esslingen Fluidbetätigter Kontraktionsantrieb

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3243208A (en) * 1964-06-04 1966-03-29 Atlas Copco Ab Compressed sleeve coupling for flexible hoses
US3885819A (en) * 1972-11-21 1975-05-27 Herbert Egerer Compressed air hose connection
US4293150A (en) * 1977-01-17 1981-10-06 Resistoflex Corporation Fluid conduit assembly
US4653779A (en) * 1986-03-17 1987-03-31 Dayco Products, Inc. Hose coupling and method of making the same
US6318763B1 (en) * 1999-01-13 2001-11-20 Hung-Yueh Huang High-pressure fluid hose connector
US6349746B1 (en) * 1999-04-14 2002-02-26 Festo Ag & Co. Actuating means
US6394506B1 (en) * 2000-08-29 2002-05-28 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Hose coupling
US6827375B2 (en) * 2001-12-13 2004-12-07 Wellstream International Limited End fitting tubular members and method of applying same

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20190203740A1 (en) * 2016-09-02 2019-07-04 Bridgestone Corporation Hydraulic actuator
CN107041341A (zh) * 2017-05-22 2017-08-15 吉林省养蜂科学研究所（吉林省蜂产品质量管理监督站、吉林省蜜蜂遗传资源基因保护中心） 一种蜜蜂人工授精针头拉制方法及其拉制器
WO2020249983A1 (en) 2019-06-14 2020-12-17 Actuation Lab Ltd Contractile device for use as an actuator, pump or compressor
US11821412B2 (en) 2019-06-14 2023-11-21 Actuation Lab Ltd Contractile device for use as an actuator, pump or compressor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE502004002011D1 (de) 2006-12-28
EP1602831A1 (de) 2005-12-07
EP1602831B1 (de) 2006-11-15
ATE345447T1 (de) 2006-12-15

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AS Assignment

Owner name: FESTO AG & CO., GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SCHANTZE, ACHIM;MULLER, ALEXANDER;LORENZ, BERND;REEL/FRAME:016556/0342

Effective date: 20050426

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION