US20050244963A1 - Method for obtaining mesenchymal stem cells - Google Patents

Method for obtaining mesenchymal stem cells Download PDF

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US20050244963A1
US20050244963A1 US11/099,176 US9917605A US2005244963A1 US 20050244963 A1 US20050244963 A1 US 20050244963A1 US 9917605 A US9917605 A US 9917605A US 2005244963 A1 US2005244963 A1 US 2005244963A1
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tissue
cells
suspension
stem cells
collagenase
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Alexander Teplyashin
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
    • C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
    • C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
    • C12N5/0603—Embryonic cells ; Embryoid bodies
    • C12N5/0605—Cells from extra-embryonic tissues, e.g. placenta, amnion, yolk sac, Wharton's jelly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
    • C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
    • C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
    • C12N5/0652—Cells of skeletal and connective tissues; Mesenchyme
    • C12N5/0662—Stem cells
    • C12N5/0667—Adipose-derived stem cells [ADSC]; Adipose stromal stem cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
    • C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
    • C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
    • C12N5/0652—Cells of skeletal and connective tissues; Mesenchyme
    • C12N5/0662—Stem cells
    • C12N5/0668—Mesenchymal stem cells from other natural sources
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2509/00—Methods for the dissociation of cells, e.g. specific use of enzymes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of cell biology. In detail it relates to the obtainment of mesenchymal stem cells from human tissue. This invention might be applicable in healing within the frame of the treatment of several diseases.
  • stem cells from the adult human organism.
  • they concern hematopoietic (blood cell precursors), neuronal (precursors of nerve tissue cells), mesenchymal cells (cells which are capable to differentiate into cells of mesenchymal origin as well as into other embryonic layer cells) and other.
  • mesenchymal stem cells It is characteristic for mesenchymal stem cells that they can be obtained and cultivated comparatively easily; they are also capable to proliferate in vitro over prolonged periods of time. Furthermore, they excel in a broad spectrum of differentiation. In this connection the attention is especially directed to the obtainment of mesenchymal stem cells from the adult human organism. However, till this day there is no universal method for the obtainment of stem cells.
  • stem cells could be obtained from the spinal marrow due to their ability of adhering to the surface of culture dishes (Fridenshtein A. J., Deriglazova U. F., Kulagina N. N. et al. Precursors for fibroblasts in different populations of hematopoietic cells as detected by the in vitro colony assay method. Exp. Hematol. 1974 Vol. 2. P. 83-92).
  • a method for obtaining mesenchymal stem cells is known that results from the cells' ability of adhering to the surface of culture dishes, whereby specific batches of the embryonic bovine serum are used. Thus it was managed to obtain cells with a high ability of adhesion, high rate of proliferation and long maintaining multipotency (Heynesworth S. E., Goshima J., Goldberg V. M., Calplan A. I. Characterization of cells with osteogenic potential from the human bone marrow//Bone. 1995. Vol. 13. P. 81-85.)
  • the disadvantage of this method consists in the fact that the analysis of the serum during the search for a batch that is suitable for the cultivation of cells plenty of time and work is required; furthermore the reproduction of results is not possible.
  • Stro-1 is temporarily expressed on the surface of mesenchymal stem cells (Grontos S., Simmons P. J. The growth factors requirements of Stro-1 positive human stromal precursors under serum-deprived conditions in vitro//Blood. 1995. Vol. 85. P. 929-940).
  • This method concerns an extreme complex process that is very time consuming due to the preliminary antibody preparation.
  • a method for obtaining mesenchymal stem cells is known by means of which mononuclear cells are obtained by centrifugation in a Ficoll gradient, a selection for antibodies against the surface antigen CD105 which is expressed on the surface of mesenchymal stem cells, as well as by a cultivation of cells which adhere to plastics.
  • the portion of CD 105 + cells amount to 2 to 3% of the mononuclear cells.
  • This method enables the obtainment of the CD105 + cell fraction which is enriched in mesenchymal stem cells; however, this method requires an additional selection stage in which antibodies immobilized to magnetic beads are used. Thereby a portion of cells gets lost so that additional efforts are required.
  • mesenchymal stem cells in the human organism are diminished conspicuously. This also apply to their ability to proliferate and differentiate (Rao M. S., Mattson M. P. Stem cell and aging: expanding the possibilities//Mech. Ageing Dev. 2001. Vol. 122. P. 713-734). For this reason one is working on the preparation of mesenchymal stem cells with high proliferative activity and potential for differentiation, which are for example originating from fetal tissue or larvae organs, respectively.
  • a method for obtaining mesenchymal stem cells from fetal progeny blood is known in the art.
  • the mononuclear cell fraction is prepared by centrifugation in the Ficoll gradient and they are cultivated under conditions which are benefitial for the growth of mesenchymal stem cells.
  • the so obtained cells show osteogenetic or adipogenetic potential, respectively (Campagnoli C., Roberts I. A., Kumar S. et al. Identification of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells in human first trimester fetal blood, liver, and bone marrow//Blood. 2001. Vol. 98. P. 2396-2402).
  • the disadvantage of the obtainment of mesenchymal stem cells from this source consists in the fact that fetal tissue is problematic in view of its accessibility. Moreover one has to face ethic problems which are associated with its use. Furthermore, it has turned out that the obtained cell populations are not homogeneous: 76% of the samples contained osteoclast-like cells; they expressed the characteristic antigens CD45, CD51/CD61, and were negative for CD64 (marker for macrophages), SH2 (marker for mesenchymal stem cells), CD31 (marker for endothelial cells).
  • a cell population with fibroblast-like morphology was obtained; it expressed a range of antigens which was similar to mesenchymal stem cells: ICAMI +/ ⁇ , VCAM1 + , CD34 ⁇ ; MySM + (smooth muscle myosine); CD31 ⁇ , vWF ⁇ (marker for endothelial cells); CD14 ⁇ , CD45 ⁇ , CD68 ⁇ (marker for monocytes/macrophages), however it did express smooth muscle fibre actin ASMA.
  • the so obtained cell population showed osteogenetic or adipogenetic potential in vitro.
  • the disadvantage of this method consists in the heterogeneity of the obtained cell population:
  • the primary culture contained endothelial and smooth muscle cells, whereby the endothelial cells have not proliferated under these conditions, whereas the myocytes portion was maintained during the cultivation.
  • a method for obtaining mesenchymal stem cells from human lipoaspirate is known in the art.
  • fat tissue reduced to small pieces is exposed to the effect of collagenase (type I).
  • a purification is performed in order to remove cell residues by the use of filters having a pore size of 100 ⁇ m.
  • This method has the disadvantage that the obtained cell suspension is heterogenious and the yield is low.
  • an object of the present invention is a method for obtaining and/or isolating mesenchymal stem cells from human tissue, comprising the following steps: (a) providing human tissue, (b) enzymatical and mechanical treatment of said human tissue for obtaining a cell suspension, (c) removal of erythrocytes from said suspension, and (d) filtration of said suspension for obtaining mesenchymal stem cells, wherein in step (a) fat tissue or/and placenta tissue is used as human tissue.
  • the filtration can be performed sequentially by means of filters comprising a pore size of 100 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m.
  • the filtration step can be performed by the use of a first filter comprising a pore size of 100 ⁇ m in diameter, and the subsequent use of a second filter comprising a pore size of 10 ⁇ m in diameter.
  • Collagenase type I can be used for the enzymatic treatment of the fat tissue, the decidual or amniotic membrane of the placenta.
  • Collagenase type IV is used for the enzymatic treatment of the stroma of the chorionic placenta collagenase type IV.
  • the technical results of the invention attribute to the conditions for the filtration: Specific size of the filter pores and specific ratio of the pores of the used filters.
  • the change (increase or decrease) of these parameters will have the result that the stated technical results will not be achieved, since in this case the yield of the target product and the homogeneity of the obtained cell suspension will be conspicuously reduced. In comparison to known similar methods a multiple yield of cells can be obtained.
  • the yield amounts to 10 4 cells each tissue sample having a mass of 1 gram
  • the yield of cells amounts to between 1.5 to 3 ⁇ 10 4 and 10 7 cells each 1 gram of several tissue samples.
  • the increase of the homogeneity of the cell suspension is proved by the data of the morphological analysis and the determination of the immunophenotype.
  • the population contains multiple morphological cell types; not before the 4 th passage the culture becomes homogenic in view of their cell shape and granulation or the expression of surface markers, respectively.
  • the method is realized as follows:
  • tissue sample is rinsed with physiological saline solution with phosphate buffer (PBS) at pH 7.2 without Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions, supplemented with antibiotics (penicillin 100 units/ml, streptomycin 100 microgram/ml) and antimycotics (amphotericin B 0.25 microgram/ml).
  • PBS phosphate buffer
  • antibiotics penicillin 100 units/ml, streptomycin 100 microgram/ml
  • antimycotics amphotericin B 0.25 microgram/ml.
  • the tissue to be treated is reduced to small pieces; the eagle medium in the Dulbecco modification with above-mentioned antibiotics and antimycotics is added with a volume ratio between tissue and medium of 1:5 to 1:10 (DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium).
  • DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium
  • the so prepared mixture is agitated until a homogenic suspension is produced; subsequently for neutralization of the collagenase an equivalent volume of the DMEM medium is added to the prepared mixture, which contains 10% by volume of fetal bovine serum (FBS). Afterwards a centrifugation at 1000 g for 10 minutes is performed. The pellet is resuspended in the erythrocyte lysis buffer solution (155 mM NH 4 Cl, 10 mM KHCO 3 , 0.1 mM Na 2 EDTA). The mixture is thoroughly mixed and incubated for 3 to 5 minutes at room temperature.
  • FBS fetal bovine serum
  • the suspension is diluted with an equivalent volume of the DMEM medium that contains antibiotics and antimycotics; subsequently the cells are pelleted by centrifugation for 10 minutes at 1000 g. The pellet is rinsed with DMEM medium and again pelleted by centrifugation in the manner as described.
  • the cells are brought into suspension in DMEM-LG medium with a concentration of glucose of 1 g/l, supplemented with 20% FBS, antibiotics and antimycotics.
  • the so prepared cell suspension is filtered by the use of filters comprising a pore size of 100 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m, and 1 million cells each are plated per 1 cm 2 .
  • the so obtained cell population is characterized by the high homogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells, whereby the alteration of the filtration data (increase and/or decrease of the pore size) results in a reduction of the homogeneity of the target product or the yield of cells, respectively.
  • the decidual membrane is separated from the placenta by means of small scissors.
  • a tissue sample of 2 g is rinsed with PBS (Gibco) at pH 7.2 without Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions for three times, whereby the PBS contains a one-fold solution of antibiotics or antimycotics (Gibco), respectively, in which the final concentration of penicillin is 100 units/ml, streptomycin 100 microgram/ml, amphotericin B 0.25 microgram/ml.
  • the tissue is reduced to small pieces in a Petri dish by means of scissors; then the DMEM medium (Gibco) having a volume of 25 ml is added, which contains antibiotics and antimycotics; the tissue is resuspended and given into a 50 ml test tube (Costar).
  • DMEM medium Gibco
  • Costar 50 ml test tube
  • the mixture is thoroughly stirred until a homogenic suspension is produced; afterwards 25 ml DMEM medium is added to the mixture that contains 10% FBS (HyClone, PerBio) in order to neutralize the collagenase.
  • FBS HyClone, PerBio
  • the cells are pelleted by centrifugation for 10 minutes at 1000 g.
  • the pellet is resuspended in 20 ml of cold buffer solution which contains 155 mM NH 4 Cl, 10 mM KHCO 3 , 0.1 mM Na 2 EDTA. The mixture is thoroughly stirred and incubated for 3 to 5 minutes at room temperature.
  • the so prepared suspension is diluted with DMEM medium that contains 25 ml antibiotics and antimycotics (Gibco); subsequently the cells are pelleted by centrifugation for 10 minutes at 1000 g.
  • the supernatant is removed.
  • the cell supernatant is suspended in DMEM medium for washing.
  • the cells are pelleted by centrifugation for 10 minutes at 1000 g.
  • the so prepared cell pellet is suspended in 25 ml DMEM-LG medium having a glucose concentration of 1 g/l (Gibco), supplemented with 20% FBS (HyClone, PerBio), one-fold solution of essential amino acids (Gibco) as well as a one-fold solution of antibiotics and antimycotics (100 units/ml penicillin, 100 microgram/ml streptomycin, 0.25 microgram/ml amphoterimycin B, Gibco).
  • the cell suspension is sequentially filtered by the use of filters comprising a pore size of 100 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m (Millipore) in order to remove cell residues and debris.
  • filters comprising a pore size of 100 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m (Millipore) in order to remove cell residues and debris.
  • the number of purified cells is calculated in the Gorjajev chamber.
  • the total cellular yield amounts to 10 8 /l g of tissue.
  • the cells are plated in 75 cm 2 flasks at 1 million/1 cm 2 each.
  • the portion of adhering cells amounts to about 1%; the yield of mesenchymal stem cells from the decidual membrane amounts to approximately 10 6 /l g of tissue.
  • the medium for the cells is replaced by fresh medium.
  • the cells are sub-cultivated and visually evaluated in view of their morphology by the use of a phase contrast microscope; the mitosis index and the cellular generation time are calculated.
  • the first cell type presents itself as fusiform cells having a diameter of 15 to 35 ⁇ m with homogeneous cytoplasm, low nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, a centric nucleus consisting of 4 to 7 nucleoli.
  • the second type comprises larger fibroblast-like, spread cells having a diameter of 90 ⁇ m with cytoplasm of diverse homogeneity; it has a low nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, a centric nucleus with 2 to 4 nucleoli.
  • the cells to be analyzed have a morphology that is characteristic for human mesenchymal stem cells.
  • the mitosis index is calculated in the phase of logarithmic growth as the ratio of the number of mitosis to the total cell number.
  • the mitosis index amounts to 29.5%.
  • the cell generation time amounts to 29 hours.
  • the so obtained cells were immunophenotyped by staining with antibodies against the surface antigens CD10, CD13, CD31, CD34, CD44, CD45, CD90, CD105, CD117 (Becton Dickinson), whereby indirect fluorescence is used.
  • the evaluation is performed by the use of a flowcytometer (Beckman Coulter).
  • the surface marker expression corresponds to the immunophenotype of the mesenchymal stem cells: The cells are positive for CD13, CD44, CD90, CD105 and negative for CD31, CD34, CD45, CD117.
  • the CD10 expression is moderately positive (table 1). TABLE 1 Expression of the surface antigens on the surface of mesenchymal stem cells from the decidual placenta membrane.
  • the chorion stroma is separated from the placenta by means of small scissors.
  • the tissue sample of 5 g is rinsed three times with PBS (Gibco) at pH 7.2, without Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions.
  • PBS (Gibco) contains a one-fold antibiotics and antimycotics solution (Gibco).
  • the final concentration of penicillin is 100 units/ml, of streptomycin 100 microgram/ml, amphotericin B 0.25 microgram/ml.
  • the tissue is reduced to small pieces in 10 cm Petri dishes by means of scissors; subsequently 25 ml DMEM (Gibco) medium comprising antibiotics and antimycotics are added; afterwards, the tissue is suspended and given into a 50 ml test tube (Costar).
  • DMEM Gibco
  • Costar 50 ml test tube
  • the so prepared mixture is thoroughly stirred until a homogenic suspension is produced; afterwards 25 ml DMEM medium that contains 10% FBS (HyClone, PerBio) is added in order to neutralize the collagenase.
  • the cells are pelleted by centrifugation for 10 minutes at 1000 g.
  • the pellet is resuspended in 20 ml of cold buffer solution which contains 155 mM NH 4 Cl, 10 mM KHCO 3 , 0.1 mM Na 2 EDTA. The mixture is thoroughly stirred and incubated for 3 to 5 minutes at room temperature.
  • the suspension is diluted with DMEM medium that contains antibiotics and antimycotics (Gibco) in a volume of 25 ml; afterwards the cells are pelleted by centrifugation for 10 minutes at 1000 g.
  • DMEM medium that contains antibiotics and antimycotics (Gibco) in a volume of 25 ml; afterwards the cells are pelleted by centrifugation for 10 minutes at 1000 g.
  • the supernatant is removed.
  • the latter is suspended in DMEM medium.
  • the cells are pelleted by centrifugation for 10 minutes at 1000 g.
  • the so prepared cell pellet is suspended in 25 ml DMEM-LG medium having a glucose concentration of 1 mg/ml (Gibco), supplemented with 20% FBS (HyClone, PerBio), a one-fold solution of essential amino acids (Gibco) and a one-fold solution of antibiotics and antimycotics (100 units/ml penicillin, 100 microgram/ml streptomycin, 0.25 microgram/ml amphoterimycin B, Gibco).
  • the cell suspension is sequentially filtered by the use of filters comprising a pore size of 100 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m (Millipore) in order to remove cell residues and debris.
  • filters comprising a pore size of 100 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m (Millipore) in order to remove cell residues and debris.
  • the number of purified cells is calculated by evaluation in the Gorjajev chamber.
  • the total yield of cells amounts to 10 9 /l g of tissue.
  • the cells are plated in 75 cm 2 flasks at 1 million/1 cm 2 each.
  • the portion of the adhering cells amounts to about 1%; the yield of mesenchymal stem cells from the chorion stroma amounts to approximately 10 7 /l g of tissue.
  • the medium for the cells is replaced by fresh medium.
  • the cells are sub-cultivated, visually evaluated in view of the morphology by the use of a phase contrast microscope; the mitosis index and the cell generation time are calculated.
  • the first cell type presents itself as fusiform cells having a diameter of 20 to 40 ⁇ m with homogenic cytoplasm, a low nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, a centric nucleus consisting of 4 to 7 nucleoli.
  • the second type comprises larger fibroblast-like, spread cells having a diameter of 100 ⁇ m with cytoplasm of various homogeneity; it comprises a low nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, a centric nucleus with 2 to 4 nucleoli.
  • the cells to be analyzed have a morphology that is characteristic for human mesenchymal stem cells.
  • the mitosis index is calculated in the phase of logarithmic growth as the ratio of the number of mitosis to the total cell number.
  • the mitosis index amounts to 31.8% o.
  • the cell generation time amounts to 28 hours.
  • the so obtained cells are immunophenotyped by staining with antibodies against the surface antigens CD10, CD13, CD31, CD34, CD44, CD45, CD90, CD105, CD117 (Becton Dickinson), whereby indirect fluorescence is used.
  • the evaluation is performed by the use of a cytometer (Beckman Coulter).
  • the surface marker expression corresponds to the immunophenotype of the mesenchymal stem cells.
  • the cells are positive for CD 13, CD44, CD90, CD105 and negative for CD31, CD34, CD45, CD117.
  • the CD10 expression is moderately positive (table 2). TABLE 2 Expression of the surface antigens on the surface of mesenchymal stem cells from the chorion placenta stroma.
  • the amniotic membrane is separated from the placenta by means of small scissors.
  • the tissue sample having a mass of 2 grams is rinsed three times in PBS (Gibco) at pH 7.2, without Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions.
  • PBS (Gibco) contains a one-fold antibiotics or antimycotics solution (Gibco), respectively, the final concentration of penicillin is 100 units/ml, streptomycin 100 microgram/ml, amphotericin B 0.25 microgram/ml.
  • the tissue is reduced to small pieces in 10 cm Petri dishes by means of scissors; subsequently DMEM (Gibco) medium that contains antibiotics and antimycotics is added in a volume of 25 ml; the tissue is suspended and transferred in a 50 ml test tube (Costar).
  • DMEM Gibco
  • Costar 50 ml test tube
  • the so prepared mixture is thoroughly stirred until a homogeneous suspension is produced; then 25 ml DMEM medium that contains 10% FBS (HyClone, PerBio) is added in order to neutralize the collagenase.
  • the cells are pelleted by centrifugation for 10 minutes by 1000 g.
  • the pellet is resuspended in 20 ml of cold buffer solution which contains 155 mM NH 4 Cl, 10 mM KHCO 3 , 0.1 mM Na 2 EDTA. The mixture is thoroughly stirred and incubated for 4 minutes at room temperature.
  • the so prepared suspension is diluted with DMEM medium that contains antibiotics and antimycotics (Gibco) in a volume of 25 ml. Subsequently the cells are pelleted by centrifugation for 10 minutes at 1000 g.
  • the supernatant is removed.
  • the cell pellet is suspended in DMEM medium for washing.
  • the cells are pelleted by centrifugation for 10 minutes at 1000 g.
  • the so prepared cellular pellet is suspended in 25 ml DMEM-LG medium having a glucose content of 1 g/l (Gibco), supplemented with 20% FBS (HyClone PerBio), one-fold solution of essential amino acids (Gibco) as well as one-fold antibiotics and antimycotics solution (100 units/ml penicillin, 100 ⁇ g/ml streptomycin, 0.25 ⁇ g/ml amphotericin B (Gibco).
  • the cell suspension is sequentially filtered by the use of filters comprising a pore size of 100 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m (Millipore).
  • the number of purified cells is evaluated by calculation in the Gorjajev chamber.
  • the total yield of cells amounts to 10 8 /l g of tissue.
  • the cells are plated in 75 cm 2 flasks of 1 million/1 cm 2 each.
  • the portion of the adhering cells amounts to about 1%; the yield of mesenchymal stem cells from the amniotic membrane amounts to approximately 10 6 /l g of tissue.
  • the medium for the cells is replaced by fresh medium.
  • the cells are sub-cultivated, visually evaluated in view of their morphology by the use of a phase contrast microscope; the mitosis index and the cell generation time are calculated.
  • the first cell type presents itself as fusiform cells having a diameter of 10 to 30 ⁇ m with homogenous cytoplasm, low nucleus-cytoplasm relation, centric nucleus consisting of 4 to 7 nucleoli.
  • the second type comprises larger fibroblast-like, spread cells having a diameter of 80 ⁇ m with cytoplasm of various homogeneity; it comprises a lower nucleus-cytoplasm relationship, a central nucleus consisting of 2 to 4 nucleoli.
  • the cells to be analyzed show a morphology that is characteristic for human mesenchymal stem cells.
  • the mitosis index is calculated in the phase of logarithmic growth as the ratio of the number of mitosis to the total cell number.
  • the mitosis index amounts to 31.6% o.
  • the cell generation time amounts to 25.7 hours.
  • the so obtained cells are immunophenotyped by staining with antibodies against the surface antigens CD10, CD13, CD31, CD34, CD44, CD45, CD90, CD105, CD117 (Beckton Dickinson), whereby indirect fluorescence is used.
  • the evaluation is performed by use of a cytometer (Beckman Coulter).
  • the surface marker expression corresponds to the immunophenotype of mesenchymal stem cells.
  • the cells are positive for CD13, CD44, CD90, CD105, and negative for CD31, CD34, CD45, CD117.
  • the CD10 expression is moderately positive (table 3). TABLE 3 Expression of surface antigens at the surface of mesenchymal stem cells from the amniotic placenta membrane.
  • a fat tissue sample having a mass of 10 g is rinsed three times in PBS (Gibco) at pH 7.2 without the ions Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ .
  • PBS (Gibco) contains a one-fold antibiotics and antimycotics solution (Gibco).
  • the final concentration of penicillin is 100 units/ml, streptomycin 100 ⁇ g/ml, amphotericin B 0.25 ⁇ g/ml.
  • the portions of compact connective tissue are removed.
  • tissue is subjected to mechanic fragmentation using medical scissors in 10 cm culture dishes (Costar), until a fine-dispersed mass is produced. It is transferred into two 50 ml test tubes having a cone-shaped bottom (Costar). Afterwards each sample is suspended in 25 ml DMEM medium that contains antibiotics and antimycotics.
  • the enzymatic treatment is performed: to the so prepared suspension 1 ml of a solution of 2% collagenase of the type Gibco in the PBS buffer solution without Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ is added until a final enzyme concentration of 0.075% is reached. The suspension is incubated for 30 minutes at 37° C. at slow swinging movements.
  • the so prepared mixture is thoroughly mixed; then an equivalent DMEM volume is added that contains 10% FBS, antibiotics and antimycotics. The centrifugation lasts 10 minutes at 1000 g. The supernatant and the fat drops are removed. The pellets are pooled and suspended in 10 ml of cold lysine buffer solution (+4° C.) for 10 minutes, which contains 155 mM NH 4 Cl, 10 mM KHCO 3 , 0.1 mM Na 2 EDTA. The mixture is thoroughly stirred and incubated for 3 to 5 minutes at room temperature.
  • the supernatant is removed and rinsed.
  • the cell pellet is resuspended in 30 ml DMEM medium that contains antibiotics and antimycotics, and is centrifuged for 10 minutes at 1000 g.
  • the so obtained pellet is resuspended in 25 ml DMEM medium that contains antibiotics and antimycotics.
  • the so prepared cell suspension is filtered by the use of a filter comprising a pore size of 100 ⁇ m and is centrifuged for 10 minutes at 300 g.
  • the pellet is resuspended in DMEM medium that is supplemented with antibiotics and antimycotics, 10% FBS and a one-fold solution of non-essential amino acids (Gibco) in a volume of 25 ml.
  • the suspension is filtered by the use of a filter comprising a pore size of 10 ⁇ m.
  • the so prepared cell suspension is evaluated by calculation in the Gorjajev chamber and plated in 75 cm 2 flasks (10 6 cells/cm 2 ).
  • the portion of adhering cells amounts to about 1% to 1.5%; the yield of mesenchymal stem cells which could be obtained from 1 g of fat tissue amounts to about 1.5-3 ⁇ 10 4 cells.
  • DMEM fetal bovine serum
  • antibiotics 100 units/ml penicillin, 100 ⁇ g/ml streptomycin (Gibco), 10% FBS and a one-fold solution of non-essential amino acids (Gibco).
  • the cells are sub-cultivated, visually evaluated in view of the morphology by the use of a phase contrast microscope; the mitosis index and the cell generation time are calculated.
  • the first cell type presents itself as a sub-population of fusiform cells having a diameter of 10 to 15 ⁇ m with exactly adjusted nucleus and homogenous cytoplasm.
  • the second type is characterized by round cells with a flat cytoplasmatic outgrowth elongated on one side. The cell size amounts to 40 ⁇ m; a dark nucleus is observable which is displaced to the side, and a heterogenous cytoplasm. Also an increased granulation in the area of the nucleus is observable.
  • the mitosis index and the cell generation time is calculated in the phase of logarithmic growth.
  • the ratio of the portion of cells being in mitosis to the total cell number amounts to 34%.
  • the doubling time is about 54 to 62 hours.
  • the so obtained cells are immunophenotyped by the use of indirect fluorescence.
  • a cytometer Beckman Coulter
  • a high expression status of the following antigens could be determined: CD10 (CALLA), CD13 (APN), CD44 (hyaluronic acid receptor), CD90 (Thy-1), CD105 (endoglin) (Becton Dickinson).
  • CD10 CALLA
  • CD13 APN
  • CD44 hyaluronic acid receptor
  • CD90 Thy-1
  • CD105 Endoglin
  • CD105 Endoglin
  • the lacking expression of the markers of hematopoietic cells—CD34, CD45 and CD117 (Becton Dickinson)—(table 4) was determined.
  • the results of the determination of the immunophenotype prove that the population of the obtained cells corresponds to mesenchymal stem cells in view of their surface antigen expression.

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US11685883B2 (en) 2016-06-07 2023-06-27 Terumo Bct, Inc. Methods and systems for coating a cell growth surface
US11795432B2 (en) 2014-03-25 2023-10-24 Terumo Bct, Inc. Passive replacement of media
US11965175B2 (en) 2016-05-25 2024-04-23 Terumo Bct, Inc. Cell expansion
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US11667876B2 (en) 2013-11-16 2023-06-06 Terumo Bct, Inc. Expanding cells in a bioreactor
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US11273182B2 (en) 2016-03-14 2022-03-15 Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Adipose tissue-derived stromal stem cells for use in treating refractory complex perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease
US11965175B2 (en) 2016-05-25 2024-04-23 Terumo Bct, Inc. Cell expansion
US11685883B2 (en) 2016-06-07 2023-06-27 Terumo Bct, Inc. Methods and systems for coating a cell growth surface
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US11629332B2 (en) 2017-03-31 2023-04-18 Terumo Bct, Inc. Cell expansion
US11285177B2 (en) 2018-01-03 2022-03-29 Globus Medical, Inc. Allografts containing viable cells and methods thereof
US12043823B2 (en) 2021-03-23 2024-07-23 Terumo Bct, Inc. Cell capture and expansion
CN114149966A (zh) * 2021-12-08 2022-03-08 华夏源细胞工程集团股份有限公司 一种获取胎盘间充质干细胞的方法

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