US20050212296A1 - Pipes having wedging circumferential grooves - Google Patents

Pipes having wedging circumferential grooves Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050212296A1
US20050212296A1 US11/091,147 US9114705A US2005212296A1 US 20050212296 A1 US20050212296 A1 US 20050212296A1 US 9114705 A US9114705 A US 9114705A US 2005212296 A1 US2005212296 A1 US 2005212296A1
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Prior art keywords
pipe
fitting
floor
groove
side portions
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Abandoned
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US11/091,147
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English (en)
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Douglas Dole
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Victaulic Co
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Victaulic Co
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Priority to US11/091,147 priority Critical patent/US20050212296A1/en
Assigned to VICTAULIC COMPANY OF AMERICA reassignment VICTAULIC COMPANY OF AMERICA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DOLE, DOUGLAS R.
Publication of US20050212296A1 publication Critical patent/US20050212296A1/en
Assigned to VICTAULIC COMPANY reassignment VICTAULIC COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VICTAULIC COMPANY OF AMERICA
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L21/00—Joints with sleeve or socket
    • F16L21/06—Joints with sleeve or socket with a divided sleeve or ring clamping around the pipe-ends
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L25/00—Constructive types of pipe joints not provided for in groups F16L13/00 - F16L23/00 ; Details of pipe joints not otherwise provided for, e.g. electrically conducting or insulating means
    • F16L25/12—Joints for pipes being spaced apart axially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D17/00—Forming single grooves in sheet metal or tubular or hollow articles
    • B21D17/04—Forming single grooves in sheet metal or tubular or hollow articles by rolling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L17/00—Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure
    • F16L17/02—Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure with sealing rings arranged between outer surface of pipe and inner surface of sleeve or socket
    • F16L17/025—Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure with sealing rings arranged between outer surface of pipe and inner surface of sleeve or socket the sealing rings having radially directed ribs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L17/00—Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure
    • F16L17/02—Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure with sealing rings arranged between outer surface of pipe and inner surface of sleeve or socket
    • F16L17/04—Joints with packing adapted to sealing by fluid pressure with sealing rings arranged between outer surface of pipe and inner surface of sleeve or socket with longitudinally split or divided sleeve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L21/00—Joints with sleeve or socket
    • F16L21/02—Joints with sleeve or socket with elastic sealing rings between pipe and sleeve or between pipe and socket, e.g. with rolling or other prefabricated profiled rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L21/00—Joints with sleeve or socket
    • F16L21/06—Joints with sleeve or socket with a divided sleeve or ring clamping around the pipe-ends
    • F16L21/065—Joints with sleeve or socket with a divided sleeve or ring clamping around the pipe-ends tightened by tangentially-arranged threaded pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L23/00—Flanged joints
    • F16L23/04—Flanged joints the flanges being connected by members tensioned in the radial plane
    • F16L23/08—Flanged joints the flanges being connected by members tensioned in the radial plane connection by tangentially arranged pin and nut
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L23/00—Flanged joints
    • F16L23/16—Flanged joints characterised by the sealing means
    • F16L23/18—Flanged joints characterised by the sealing means the sealing means being rings
    • F16L23/22—Flanged joints characterised by the sealing means the sealing means being rings made exclusively of a material other than metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L43/00—Bends; Siphons
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
    • Y10T29/49948—Multipart cooperating fastener [e.g., bolt and nut]

Definitions

  • the invention concerns pipes having circumferential grooves and couplings for joining the pipes end to end and effecting a substantially rigid or flexible fluid tight joint therebetween.
  • Couplings for joining pipes together end to end comprise arcuate segments that circumferentially surround co-axially aligned pipes and engage circumferential grooves positioned proximate to the ends of each pipe.
  • the couplings are also used to connect pipes to fluid control components such as valves, reducers, strainers, restrictors, pressure regulators, as well as components to components.
  • fluid control components such as valves, reducers, strainers, restrictors, pressure regulators, as well as components to components.
  • the segments comprising the couplings have circumferential keys that extend radially inwardly toward the pipes and fit within the grooves around the pipes.
  • the keys are typically somewhat narrower than the grooves to permit them to fit within the grooves and bear against the shoulders formed by the grooves to hold the pipes together against internal pressure and external forces that may be applied to the pipes.
  • External forces may arise due to thermal expansion or contraction of the pipes due to changes in temperature as well as the weight of the pipes or components such as valves attached to the pipes, which can be significant for large diameter pipes and valves. Wind loads and seismic loads may also be a factor.
  • pipe couplings be substantially rigid, i.e., resist rotation of the pipes relative to one another about their longitudinal axes, resist axial motion of the pipes relatively to one another due to internal pressure, and resist angular deflection of pipes relative to one another.
  • a rigid coupling will be less likely to leak, requiring less maintenance, and will simplify the design of piping networks by eliminating or at least reducing the need for engineers to account for axial motion of pipes in the network when subjected to significant internal pressure.
  • Pipes joined by rigid couplings require fewer supports to limit unwanted deflection.
  • valves and other components which may tend to rotate out of position because their center of gravity is eccentric to the pipe axis will tend to remain in position and not rotate about the longitudinal axis under the pull of gravity when the pipe couplings are substantially rigid.
  • the invention concerns a pipe or fitting having a circumferential groove proximate to one end thereof.
  • the groove comprises a first side surface positioned proximate to the end of the pipe or fitting, and a second side surface positioned in spaced apart relation to the first side surface.
  • the second side surface is positioned distally to the end of the pipe.
  • a floor surface extends between the first and second side surfaces.
  • One of the first and second side surfaces is oriented angularly with respect to the floor surface, the orientation angle being greater than 90°.
  • one of the first and second side surfaces has a first surface portion oriented at an angle relatively to the floor surface, and a second surface portion oriented substantially perpendicularly to the floor surface.
  • the second side surface is comprised of the first and second surface portions, the second surface portion is positioned adjacent to the floor surface and the first side surface is oriented substantially perpendicularly to the floor surface.
  • the invention also includes a pipe or a fitting having a circumferential groove proximate to one end thereof.
  • the groove is formed in a surface of the pipe or fitting and it is defined by side portions positioned in spaced apart relation opposite to one another.
  • a floor connects the side portions.
  • the groove has a first width, measured at the surface of the pipe, and a second width, measured at the floor, the first width being greater than the second width.
  • One of the side portions may have a convex or a concave cross-sectional shape.
  • Fittings according to the invention may include elbow fittings, flanged fittings, tee fittings, reducing fittings and valve fittings as well as others.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a coupling for connecting two pipes end to end, the pipes being shown in phantom line;
  • FIG. 1A is a perspective view showing a detail of the coupling depicted in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the pipe coupling shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 2A is an exploded perspective view of an alternate embodiment of a pipe coupling according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2B is a perspective view of a portion of FIG. 2 shown on an enlarged scale
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of a segment comprising the coupling shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the segment shown in FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 4A is a side view of an alternate embodiment of a segment having one key and a flange for mating with flanged pipes or fittings;
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken at line 5 - 5 of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B are cross sectional views taken at line 5 - 5 of FIG. 1 showing alternate embodiments of the coupling according to the invention
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are side views of a roller tool forming a groove in a pipe
  • FIGS. 7A-7G show side views of various embodiments of roller tools for forming a groove in a pipe
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the coupling
  • FIG. 9 is a partial perspective view of an alternate embodiment of a coupling according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 10-15 are longitudinal sectional views of embodiments of pipes having circumferential grooves according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 16-21 illustrate various fittings and components having circumferential grooves according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a pipe coupling 10 for connecting two pipes 12 and 14 co-axially end to end.
  • coupling 10 is comprised of at least two segments 16 and 18 .
  • Each segment 16 and 18 has lugs 20 and 22 respectively, the lugs being positioned at or proximate to each end of the segments.
  • the lugs 20 at each end of segment 16 align with the lugs 22 at each end of segment 18 .
  • Lugs 20 and 22 are adapted to receive fasteners, preferably in the form of bolts 24 and nuts 26 for joining the segments to one another end to end surrounding the pipes 12 and 14 .
  • fasteners preferably in the form of bolts 24 and nuts 26 for joining the segments to one another end to end surrounding the pipes 12 and 14 .
  • the lugs 20 engage the lugs 22 in what is known as “pad-to-pad engagement” with the lugs contacting one another when the segments 16 and 18 are properly engaged with the pipes 12 and 14 as explained below.
  • the lugs may also be attached to each other in spaced apart relation when the segments 16 and 18 are properly engaged with the pipes 12 and 14 , as illustrated in FIG. 1A .
  • lugs are the preferred means for attaching the segments to one another end to end, it is recognized that there are other attachment means, such as circumferential bands, axial pins, and latching handles. These means are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,541,601, 2,014,313, 2,362,454, 2,673,102, 2,752,174, 3,113,791, and 4,561,678, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • pipe coupling 10 comprises segments 16 a and 16 b joined to each other and to segments 18 a and 18 b , also joined to one another.
  • Each segment again preferably has lugs 20 and 22 at each end thereof, the segments being joined to one another end to end by fasteners such as bolts 24 and nuts 26 .
  • the following description of the coupling 10 is provided by way of example, and is based upon a coupling having two segments with lugs at either end. Various aspects of the description are applicable to alternate embodiments regardless of the number of segments comprising the coupling or the manner in which the segments are attached to one another.
  • each segment 16 and 18 has an arcuate surface 28 facing inwardly toward pipes 12 and 14 .
  • a pair keys 30 project radially inwardly from the arcuate surface 28 .
  • Keys 30 on each segment are in spaced apart relation to one another and define a space 32 between them.
  • keys 30 engage grooves 34 and 36 extending circumferentially around pipes 12 and 14 respectively. Engagement of keys 30 with grooves 34 and 36 substantially rigidly connect the pipes 12 and 14 coaxially to one another and maintain them at a predetermined separation as indicated by the gap 38 .
  • a sealing member 40 is positioned within space 32 and between the arcuate surfaces 28 of segments 16 and 18 and the pipes 12 and 14 .
  • the gap 38 between the pipes 12 and 14 provides tolerance facilitating mounting of the coupling and allows pressurized fluid to apply hydraulic pressure to the sealing member 40 and ensure a fluid tight seal between the pipes 12 and 14 .
  • each key 30 preferably has a pair of camming surfaces 42 positioned adjacent to lugs 20 and 22 or otherwise near the ends of the segments.
  • Camming surfaces 42 preferably face outwardly away from space 32 and are angularly oriented, as shown in FIG. 2B , with respect to an axis 43 oriented substantially tangential to the key 30 .
  • the camming surfaces have an angular orientation 45 that forms a wedge 46 adjacent to each lug, also shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the camming surfaces 42 are the first surfaces to engage the grooves 34 and 36 .
  • the wedge 46 formed by the camming surfaces 42 provides a mechanical advantage which forces the pipes 12 and 14 apart from one another as the lugs 20 and 22 of segments 16 and 18 are brought toward one another, preferably into pad-to-pad engagement. This wedging action ensures that a separation gap 38 between the pipe ends (see FIG. 5 ) will be achieved when the connection between the pipes 12 and 14 is effected while reducing the force required to bring the lugs 20 and 22 toward each other. Lugs 20 and 22 are normally drawn toward each other by tightening nuts 26 (see FIG. 1 ).
  • the mechanical advantage obtained by the use of wedge 46 significantly reduces the torque applied to nuts 26 needed to bring the lugs 20 and 22 into pad-to-pad engagement to separate the pipes 12 and 14 by the gap 38 , and thereby allows large diameter, heavy pipes to be manually connected, even when stacked vertically above one another.
  • Such configurations are a particular problem as the insertion of the keys 30 into the grooves 34 and 36 must lift the entire weight of the pipe to form the gap 38 .
  • the wedge 46 makes this effort significantly easier.
  • the angular orientation 45 of camming surfaces 42 is preferably about 5°, but may be up to about 10° for practical designs.
  • FIG. 4A shows a coupling segment 51 used in conjunction with a similar coupling segment to attach grooved pipe to flanged pipe.
  • Coupling segment 51 has an arcuate key 30 with camming surfaces 42 at either end. As described above, the camming surfaces may be angularly oriented tangentially with respect to the key 30 and form a wedge 46 as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the key is a flange 53 adapted to engage a mating flange on a flanged pipe.
  • the flanges are secured via fasteners that pass though bolt holes 55 as is understood for flanged connections.
  • the coupling segment 51 is attached end to end to its associated coupling segment by attachment means, preferably lugs 20 positioned near the ends of the segment that align and are engaged by fasteners as is understood in the art and described above.
  • keys 30 preferably have a shape that will effect a wedging action when they engage grooves 34 and 36 .
  • FIG. 5 illustrates one configuration wherein keys 30 have a wedge-shaped cross section.
  • the keys 30 are defined by an inner surface 50 facing space 32 , an outer surface 52 facing outwardly away from space 32 , and a radial surface 54 positioned between the inner and outer surfaces and facing radially inwardly toward the pipes engaged by the coupling.
  • the inner surface 50 is oriented substantially perpendicularly to the axis 48 and outer surface 52 is oriented angularly relative to the axis 48 so as to form the wedge-shaped cross section of keys 30 .
  • the relative angle 56 measured radially with respect to the key between the outer surface 52 and an axis 48 oriented substantially co-axially with the longitudinal axes of pipes 12 and 14 , ranges up to about 70°, although 50° is preferred (see also FIG. 1 ).
  • surfaces 52 and 54 in FIG. 5 are shown in cross-section as having a straight profile, they may be, for example, convex, concave or have some other profile shape and still effect a wedging action when engaged with grooves 34 and 36 .
  • An alternate embodiment of keys 30 is illustrated in FIG. 5A wherein surface 50 has a curved cross sectional profile in the form of a convex radius that substantially blends into radial surface 54 .
  • the radial angular orientation 44 of camming surfaces 42 be substantially equal to the radial angular orientation 56 of the key outer surface 52 as measured relatively to the longitudinal axis 48 . It is advantageous to match the radial orientation angles of the camming surfaces 42 and the key outer surfaces 52 with one another to avoid point contact when the surfaces engage facing surfaces of the grooves 34 and 36 as the coupling is installed in order to mitigate gouging between the surfaces that results from point to point contact.
  • the grooves 34 and 36 that keys 30 engage have a shape that is complementary to the wedge-shape cross section of the keys.
  • the keys have a cross sectional shape that substantially fills the grooves even when the shapes of the groove and key are not exactly complementary.
  • Groove 36 is described in detail hereafter, groove 34 being substantially similar and not requiring a separate description.
  • Groove 36 is defined by a first side surface 58 positioned proximate to end 14 a of pipe 14 , a second side surface 60 positioned in spaced apart relation to the first side surface 58 and distally from the end 14 a , and a floor surface 62 that extends between the first and second side surfaces.
  • the complementary shape of the groove 36 to the keys 30 is achieved by orienting the floor surface 62 substantially parallel to the radial surface 54 , orienting the first side surface 58 substantially perpendicularly to the floor surface 62 (and thus substantially parallel to the inner surface 50 ), and orienting the second side surface 60 substantially parallel to the outer surface 52 (and thus angularly to the floor surface 62 ).
  • the keys 30 and the lugs 20 and 22 are sized and toleranced so that when the lugs 20 are in pad-to-pad engagement with the lugs 22 , i.e., in contact with each other as shown in FIG. 1 , the keys 30 engage the grooves 34 such that the keys' outer surface 52 is either just contacting the second side surface 60 in what is called “line-on-line clearance” (see the left half of FIG. 5 ), or is in spaced relation to the second side surface 60 of the groove, as defined by a gap 64 no greater than 0.035 inches (shown on the right half of FIG. 5 . Furthermore, the radial surface 54 is also in either line on line clearance with the floor surface 62 (left half, FIG.
  • the inner surface 50 is nominally in contact with the first side surface 58 as shown in FIG. 5 , but there may be a gap there as well for certain tolerance conditions.
  • Joint rigidity may be further augmented by the use of teeth 31 that project outwardly from the various surfaces of keys 30 as best shown in FIG. 2 .
  • Teeth 31 bite into the groove surfaces of the pipes, augmenting friction to help prevent rotational displacement of the pipes relatively to the couplings.
  • the same relationships between the various surfaces mentioned above may also be achieved when the lugs are attached to one another in spaced apart relation as shown in FIG. 1A .
  • Analogous relationships between the key surfaces and the surfaces comprising the grooves are contemplated even when the keys do not have a shape complementary to that of the groove, as shown in FIG. 5A .
  • Couplings having such keys for example, the convex shaped key 30 , may have surfaces 52 that just contact the second side surface 60 in line on line clearance (left side, FIG. 5A ), or be in spaced relation to surface 60 (right side, FIG. 5A ), having a gap 64 between the surfaces 52 and 60 of about 0.035 inches.
  • surfaces 54 and 66 may also be in line on line clearance or may be separated by a gap 62 , preferably no greater than 0.030 inches.
  • FIG. 5B wedging action of keys 30 may also be ensured when inner surface 50 and outer surface 52 contact groove surfaces 58 and 60 , respectively, but radial surface 54 is in spaced relation to the groove's floor surface 62 with a gap 66 .
  • the right side of FIG. 5B shows various straight sided key surfaces 50 , 52 and 54 and counterpart straight sided groove surfaces 58 , 60 and 62 giving the groove and the key substantially complementary shapes.
  • the left side of FIG. 5B shows a convexly curved outer surface 52 engaging a straight surface 60 , as an example wherein the shape of the key and the groove are not substantially complementary. Note that groove floor surface 62 is shown on the left side to be angularly oriented with respect to the surface of pipe 12 .
  • gaps 64 at one or both ends of the coupling may be made larger than the aforementioned limit of 0.035 inches.
  • gap 64 between surfaces 52 and 60 preferably be 1 ⁇ 2 of the size of gap 38 between the ends of pipes 12 and 14 as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • groove 36 is advantageously formed by cold working the material forming pipe 14 .
  • groove 36 comprises a first side surface 37 positioned proximate to the end of pipe 14 , a second side surface 60 positioned in spaced apart relation to the first side surface and distally to the end of the pipe, and a floor 41 that extends between the first and second side surfaces.
  • the second side surface is angularly oriented relatively to the floor at an angle 43 that is than 90°.
  • a roller tool 68 is used having a cross sectional shape at its periphery substantially identical to the desired shape of the groove.
  • the roller tool 68 is forcibly engaged with the outer surface 70 of pipe 14 around its circumference, either by moving the roller tool around the pipe or moving the pipe about its longitudinal axis 48 relatively to a roller tool.
  • a back-up roller 72 engages the inner surface 74 of the pipe 14 opposite to the roller tool 68 .
  • the pipe wall 76 is compressed between the roller tool 68 and the back-up roller 72 .
  • Use of the back-up roller 72 provides a reaction surface for the roller tool.
  • the back-up roller also helps ensure that accurate groove shapes are achieved by facilitating material flow during roll grooving.
  • the roller tool 82 shown in FIG. 7 , is used to form a groove 84 in pipe 14 .
  • the second side surface 86 has a first surface portion 88 oriented angularly relative to the floor surface 90 , and a second surface portion 92 , positioned adjacent to the floor surface 90 and oriented substantially perpendicular to it, thereby reducing the size of the angularly oriented second side surface 86 .
  • the first surface portion 88 being angularly oriented, still provides the advantages as described above for the second side surface 60 .
  • An example of a coupling 10 engaging a groove 84 is shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the roller tool 82 has a circumferential surface 94 with a cross sectional shape complementary to groove 84 , the shape comprising a first perimetral surface 99 oriented substantially perpendicularly to the axis of rotation 80 of roller tool 82 , a second perimetral surface 98 positioned in spaced relation to the first perimetral surface 96 and oriented substantially perpendicular to the axis 80 , a radial surface 100 extending between the first and second perimetral surfaces and oriented substantially parallel to axis 80 , and an angled surface 102 positioned adjacent to perimetral surface 100 and oriented angularly to the axis 80 .
  • the angled surface 102 is preferably oriented up to about 70° relatively to axis 80 , and most preferably at about 50°. Surface 102 slopes away from the second perimetral surface, thereby making contact with the pipe when forming the groove 84 .
  • FIGS. 10-15 show various groove configurations meeting this criteria.
  • FIG. 10 shows a groove 114 partially defined by a side portion 116 having a concave cross sectional shape.
  • FIG. 11 shows a groove 118 partially defined by a side portion 120 having a convex cross-sectional shape.
  • the groove 122 is partially defined by a side portion 124 having first and second angled portions 124 a and 124 b , the first angled portion 124 a having a greater slope than the second angled portion 124 b .
  • FIG. 13 shows a groove 126 partially defined by a side portion 128 having a first angled portion 128 a with a slope less than the second angled portion 128 b .
  • Combinations of radius and angled portions are also feasible, as shown in FIG. 14 , wherein groove 130 has a radius portion 132 and an angled portion 134 .
  • FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a groove 136 having a wedge-shaped cross sectional profile, there being no floor portion of any significance as compared with the other example grooves.
  • the groove 136 is defined by side portions 136 a and 136 b oriented angularly with respect to one another. Common to all of the designs is the characteristic that the width 138 of the groove at the surface of the pipe is greater than the width 140 of the groove at the floor of the groove. Note that, although it is preferred that the floor be substantially parallel to the pipe surface, it may also be curved, as shown in FIG. 10 , or non-existent, as shown in FIG. 15 , which has no floor, the floor width being essentially zero. The floor may also be angularly oriented as shown in FIG. 5B .
  • roller tools for creating grooves as described above are shown in FIGS. 7A-7G .
  • roller tool 101 is rotatable about axis 80 and has a radially facing surface portion 103 flanked by a first surface portion 105 and a second surface portion 107 .
  • Roller surface portion 105 is preferably oriented perpendicularly to axis 80 and results in the formation of a substantially vertical groove side surface.
  • Roller surface portion is concave and results in the convex groove side surface 120 as shown in FIG. 11 .
  • roller tool 109 shown in FIG. 7B , has a radially facing surface portion 111 extending between a perpendicular surface portion 113 and a convex surface portion 115 .
  • Such a roller produces a groove with a concave side surface 116 as shown in FIG. 10 .
  • Additional roller embodiments 117 and 119 shown in FIGS. 7C and 7D , each have a surface portion 121 with a first face 123 angularly oriented with respect to axis 80 , and a second face 125 , also angularly oriented with respect to axis 80 , but at a different angle.
  • the slope of the first surface portion is greater than the slope of the second surface portion, and this roller produces a groove 122 as shown in FIG. 12 .
  • roller tool 119 the slope of the first surface portion is less than the slope of the second surface portion, and this roller produces a groove 126 , having an angularly oriented side surface 124 as shown in FIG. 13 .
  • Roller tool 127 shown in FIG. 7E , has no radially facing surface, an angled surface 129 intersects with a surface portion 131 that is substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation 80 . Roller tool 127 is useful for creating the groove shown in FIG. 15 .
  • Roller tool 133 shown in FIG. 7F , has a curved radially facing surface 135 and an angularly oriented surface 135 as well as a perpendicular surface 137 .
  • the curved surface may be convex, concave, sinusoidal, hyperbolic, or irregularly curved.
  • the roller 139 may have a radially facing surface 141 that is angularly oriented with respect to the axis of rotation 80 .
  • a groove as shown in FIG. 5B is produced by such a tool.
  • FIG. 16 shows an elbow fitting 140 having circumferential grooves 142 at either end. Grooves 142 may have any of the cross sectional profiles illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 10 - 15 or their variations as described above.
  • the Tee fitting 144 shown in FIG. 17 has grooves 146 , preferably adjacent to each of its ends, the grooves being adapted to develop wedging action to couple the fitting to pipes or other fittings as described herein.
  • FIG. 18 shows a fitting 148 having a wedging groove 150 adjacent to one end and a flange 152 at the opposite end.
  • Fitting 148 allows a piping network using mechanical couplings to be joined to another network coupled using flanges. Furthermore, as illustrated in FIGS. 19 and 20 , other types of fittings such as a reducer 154 ( FIG. 19 ) used to join pipes having different diameters, or a nipple 156 ( FIG. 20 ) may also benefit from having respective grooves 158 and 160 that are like those illustrated and described above that increase the wedging action between the coupling and the groove to ensure either a stiffer or more flexible joint, depending upon the tolerances of the coupling as described above.
  • a reducer 154 FIG. 19
  • a nipple 156 FIG. 20
  • components related to control of fluid flow such as a valve 162 may also have grooves 164 that are like those described above to couple the valve to pipes, fittings or other components using mechanical couplings as described herein.
  • Pipes and pipe couplings according to the invention incorporate the advantages of a rigid connection with a reliable visual indicator for confirming that the coupling properly engages the pipes to effect a fluid tight joint.
  • the couplings have tolerances allowing them to be economically produced and still yield a substantially rigid joint between pipes.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Joints With Sleeves (AREA)
  • Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Flanged Joints, Insulating Joints, And Other Joints (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
US11/091,147 2004-03-26 2005-03-28 Pipes having wedging circumferential grooves Abandoned US20050212296A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/091,147 US20050212296A1 (en) 2004-03-26 2005-03-28 Pipes having wedging circumferential grooves

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US55696204P 2004-03-26 2004-03-26
US11/091,147 US20050212296A1 (en) 2004-03-26 2005-03-28 Pipes having wedging circumferential grooves

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20050212296A1 true US20050212296A1 (en) 2005-09-29

Family

ID=35064271

Family Applications (7)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/091,216 Abandoned US20050242585A1 (en) 2004-03-26 2005-03-28 Pipe coupling having keys with camming surfaces
US11/091,146 Abandoned US20050212284A1 (en) 2004-03-26 2005-03-28 Pipe coupling having wedge shaped keys
US11/091,147 Abandoned US20050212296A1 (en) 2004-03-26 2005-03-28 Pipes having wedging circumferential grooves
US11/091,460 Active US7296451B2 (en) 2004-03-26 2005-03-28 Roller tool for forming grooves in pipes
US12/116,618 Active US7516636B2 (en) 2004-03-26 2008-05-07 Roller tool for forming grooves in pipes
US12/271,992 Ceased US7996981B2 (en) 2004-03-26 2008-11-17 Method of joining pipes in end to end relation
US13/532,902 Active 2026-02-19 USRE44444E1 (en) 2004-03-26 2012-06-26 Method of joining pipes in end to end relation

Family Applications Before (2)

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US11/091,216 Abandoned US20050242585A1 (en) 2004-03-26 2005-03-28 Pipe coupling having keys with camming surfaces
US11/091,146 Abandoned US20050212284A1 (en) 2004-03-26 2005-03-28 Pipe coupling having wedge shaped keys

Family Applications After (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/091,460 Active US7296451B2 (en) 2004-03-26 2005-03-28 Roller tool for forming grooves in pipes
US12/116,618 Active US7516636B2 (en) 2004-03-26 2008-05-07 Roller tool for forming grooves in pipes
US12/271,992 Ceased US7996981B2 (en) 2004-03-26 2008-11-17 Method of joining pipes in end to end relation
US13/532,902 Active 2026-02-19 USRE44444E1 (en) 2004-03-26 2012-06-26 Method of joining pipes in end to end relation

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (7) US20050242585A1 (zh)
EP (4) EP1751455A4 (zh)
JP (5) JP2007530887A (zh)
KR (1) KR20060135838A (zh)
CN (4) CN100549489C (zh)
AU (4) AU2005228378B2 (zh)
CA (4) CA2561098A1 (zh)
HK (1) HK1098809A1 (zh)
WO (4) WO2005094292A2 (zh)

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