US20040250491A1 - Low ballast mounting system - Google Patents

Low ballast mounting system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20040250491A1
US20040250491A1 US10/494,053 US49405304A US2004250491A1 US 20040250491 A1 US20040250491 A1 US 20040250491A1 US 49405304 A US49405304 A US 49405304A US 2004250491 A1 US2004250491 A1 US 2004250491A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
panel
assembly according
concave surface
assembly
concave
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/494,053
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Emilio Diaz
Eric Wildman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BP Technology Ventures Ltd
Original Assignee
BP Technology Ventures Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BP Technology Ventures Ltd filed Critical BP Technology Ventures Ltd
Assigned to BP SOLAR LIMITED reassignment BP SOLAR LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WILDMAN, ERIC, DIAZ, EMILIO MERA
Publication of US20040250491A1 publication Critical patent/US20040250491A1/en
Assigned to BP ALTERNATIVE ENERGY INTERNATIONAL LIMITED reassignment BP ALTERNATIVE ENERGY INTERNATIONAL LIMITED CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BP SOLAR LIMITED
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • H02S20/24—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures specially adapted for flat roofs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/10—Supporting structures directly fixed to the ground
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/10—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules extending in directions away from a supporting surface
    • F24S25/11—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules extending in directions away from a supporting surface using shaped bodies, e.g. concrete elements, foamed elements or moulded box-like elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/10—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules extending in directions away from a supporting surface
    • F24S25/16—Arrangement of interconnected standing structures; Standing structures having separate supporting portions for adjacent modules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • F24S40/80—Accommodating differential expansion of solar collector elements
    • F24S40/85—Arrangements for protecting solar collectors against adverse weather conditions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a low ballast mounting system, for use where a flat plate or similar requires to be mounted at an angle relative to a supporting surface without significant fixings.
  • the invention has particular applicability to the mounting of solar panels at an angle to a supporting surface.
  • Solar panels such as for example photo voltaic cells
  • photo voltaic cells are becoming increasingly important as a source of electricity.
  • the use of solar panels mounted on the roofs of buildings for the generation of electricity is becoming increasingly widespread.
  • solar panels may be added to an existing roof, or they may be incorporated into the original design of a new roof.
  • panels are commonly fastened to the existing surface by the use of fixing devices such as bolts which penetrate the surface of the roof. Rupture of the membranes covering a roof by such penetrating fixing devices is generally undesirable, as it may lead to potential leakage problems through the roof.
  • the present invention provides an assembly mounted on a surface exposed to wind, having a panel mounted at an angle to said surface, and means defining a concave surface extending from the top edge of said panel to the surface on which it is mounted.
  • concave surface means a surface having a concave cross-sectional profile over the majority of its cross-section. It does not exclude surfaces which have a different profile adjacent the edges: for example, the surface may have a convex profile adjacent the edge of the panel to which it is connected, so as to provide a smooth surface across the junction with the panel.
  • the mounted panel typically comprises a flat plate or other similar sheet of material, but may be any construction which, when mounted at an angle to its supporting surface, would be expected to have a wind resistance significant enough to cause wind-lift problems.
  • the concave surface also typically comprises a sheet rather than a solid body, in order to minimise weight.
  • a particular application of the present invention is for mounting panels such as solar panels at an angle on flat roofs without the need for penetrative fastenings to secure the system in place.
  • Equally the invention may be suitable for use in other applications where a tilted panel or plate would benefit from aerodynamically mitigated wind uplift, for example, in the case of portable ramps or jumps.
  • the leading edge (when the wind is in the direction of concern) of the assembly has a concave profile that reduces wind-induced uplift when impinged by wind.
  • the concave surface preferably has an aerofoil-type profile, for example, a profile known in the art as a NACA [National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics] profile.
  • NACA profiles are well-known in the aeronautical industry, and are frequently used in any application which requires an aerodynamic profile. Although a large series of numbered NACA profiles are publicly available, they can be simplistically defined for the purposes of the present invention in terms of the maximum degree of curvature (in %), and its location along the profile from the leading edge thereof.
  • the location of the point of maximum curvature of the concave surface is closer to the leading edge of the surface than to the edge adjacent the panel; more preferably, it is located between 20% and 40% along the chord from the leading edge to the edge adjacent the panel.
  • the maximum curvature (or camber) at this point is preferably between 5% and 15%, more preferably between 8% and 12%.
  • the exact profile of the concave surface utilised in any particular application will vary depending on the angle of mounting of the panel, the wind speed(s) it is required to withstand, and the total size and weight (including ballast) of the assembly.
  • the profile would be designed so as to minimise the wind-induced uplift.
  • the ballast requirement is not so stringent and more ballast may be used, then the leading edge may not need to be shaped for maximum reduction in uplift, and other factors may influence the profile.
  • the junction at the edge of the panel and the concave surface is shaped so as to give a smooth cross-sectional profile across the junction, thereby encouraging laminar flow of air across the junction and reducing turbulence.
  • the profile of the concave surface is modified only close to its edge which abuts the panel, so as not to disrupt the aerodynamic shape.
  • slots may be provided on either side of the solar panel and/or concave surface, one underneath it defining a substantially horizontal opening, and one above defining a substantially vertical opening in association with an internal substantially vertical wall. Wind blowing across the roof enters the void defined by the panel and the concave surface through the horizontal slot, and is then deflected upwards by the internal wall so as to exit via the vertical slot, thereby generating a downward reaction force on whichever of the panel or concave surface is windward, which further assists in mitigating the wind-induced uplift. It is most preferred that the slots are provided on either side of the solar panel rather than the concave surface. This arrangement has the additional advantage that it permits cooling of the panel by convection.
  • the assembly additionally comprises a base panel such that the front panel, rear concave surface and base panel together form a triangular assembly. Any wind which gets into the internal void defined by the two upstanding panels can exert an upward force on those panels and a downward force on the surface on which they stand, which would serve to separate them from that surface if it were the roof If the surface on which they stand is an integral part of the assembly, that risk is obviated.
  • the assembly typically comprises an array of individual modules, usually arranged in rows, each comprising a mounted solar panel.
  • the overall assembly is preferably designed so that individual modules interconnect together.
  • the whole array is secured together by a peripheral cable, which serves to distribute lateral forces throughout the array, which may contain as many as 100 modules.
  • This has the advantage that the overall array has greater rigidity and resistance to wind-lift. In such a configuration the array of adjacent individual modules form what is effectively a single elongate solar panel attached to a similarly elongate concave surface.
  • the elongate panel from one row meets and/or overlaps with the elongate concave surface of the row immediately in front. In this way an extended array is obtained that has a minimum of edges exposed to potential wind uplift.
  • each row of an array are typically supplied with end caps or fairings which have concave profiles. This helps to minimise the effect of wind blowing across the array at an acute angle.
  • the concave surface is typically in the form of a rigid sheet. In one embodiment it may contain one or more holes or perforations to allow some airflow into the area underneath the panel and concave sheet. Similarly, in the case where a series of modules are connected together to form a row of panels, the connection may be arranged such that the individual concave surfaces of each module are spaced apart slightly, so as to provide a gap for air to pass through.
  • Modules may be joined in this way to form an array of several typically parallel rows of modules.
  • the size and shape of such an array may be suitably determined to fit within the layout of the area on which the panels are to be mounted, such as, for example the shape of a roof
  • Other factors may also be considered when determining the size and shape of an array, such as, for example, allowing for suitable access to the modules in the array, for example, for maintenance purposes.
  • the assembly may include channels under the rows of modules.
  • Such channels may be used to house e.g. electrical components, where they can be sheltered from the elements.
  • electrical components e.g. electrical components
  • inverters and other electrical components may be housed under the array.
  • Row end fairings may be used to cover electrical roof penetrations or major electrical junction boxes.
  • the means for fastening individual modules of the assembly together in a row may comprise any suitable means as known to one skilled in the art.
  • fixings that can be used include screws with expansion rawlplugs, standard screws and nuts, or metal inserts in plastic.
  • Any fastening plates used may be of any suitable material such as plastics or metal.
  • any fixers and/or fastener plates used to lock the adjacent mounting modules together are aerodynamically shaped in such a way as to generate a smoother surface to the entire array, reducing the numbers of edges exposed to wind-lift.
  • the fasteners used to secure the edges of each row are also aerodynamically shaped. In this way smooth flow of wind over the entire assembly may be achieved, reducing turbulence and improving the effectiveness of the design in reducing lift.
  • the concave surface and any fasteners of each row may be formed of or coated with a reflective material so as to reflect solar radiation onto the solar panels of the row behind.
  • FIG. 1 shows a pair of adjacent modules each comprising a panel and associated concave surface
  • FIG. 2 shows an array of parallel rows of the modules of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows the same view as FIG. 2 but from the other side
  • FIG. 4 shows a concave surface having an NACA profile
  • FIG. 5 shows a concave surface having a symmetric NACA profile.
  • FIG. 1 a pair of connected modules is shown each comprising a panel 1 attached to a respective concave surface 2 .
  • the concave surface has a convex portion 3 at its edge adjoining the panel 1 in order to provide a smooth surface across the junction between the two parts. This is to ensure a laminar flow of air across the junction.
  • This embodiment also has connector plates 4 for connecting adjacent modules together.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show part of such an array, comprising three rows 6 , 7 , 8 of three modules each. To demonstrate the internal construction, one panel of the array is not shown, and another panel 9 is shown rotated forward. In these Figures the connector plates 4 are again visible. It can be seen how the construction is such that the panels of one row overlap with the concave surfaces of the adjacent row.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 Examples of the profile of the concave surfaces are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. These show modified NACA profiles having a maximum camber of 10%, but located at different points along the profile of the surface. It has been found that locating the point of maximum camber closer to the leading edge than the edge adjacent the panel is desirable. In both these theoretical profiles there is no smoothing of the profile at its edge adjacent the edge of the panel (i.e. remote from the leading edge). In practice, this would create a sharp edge at the top of the assembly, leading to turbulent flow and increased uplift. This can be counteracted by smoothing this end of the profile to create a convex portion, which leads smoothly into the adjacent upper surface of the panel.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
US10/494,053 2001-10-29 2002-10-28 Low ballast mounting system Abandoned US20040250491A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01500258A EP1306907A1 (en) 2001-10-29 2001-10-29 Low ballast mounting system
EP01500258.7 2001-10-29
PCT/GB2002/004861 WO2003038910A2 (en) 2001-10-29 2002-10-28 Low ballast mounting system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20040250491A1 true US20040250491A1 (en) 2004-12-16

Family

ID=8183495

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/494,053 Abandoned US20040250491A1 (en) 2001-10-29 2002-10-28 Low ballast mounting system

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20040250491A1 (zh)
EP (2) EP1306907A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2005507565A (zh)
KR (1) KR20050056906A (zh)
CN (1) CN1592973A (zh)
WO (1) WO2003038910A2 (zh)

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050126621A1 (en) * 2003-08-20 2005-06-16 Powerlight Corporation PV wind performance enhancing methods and apparatus
US20060266352A1 (en) * 2005-05-31 2006-11-30 Finley Shapiro Consulting, Inc. Self-ballasting solar array mount
US20070144575A1 (en) * 2003-08-20 2007-06-28 Powerlight Corporation Supported PV Module Assembly
DE102006050456A1 (de) * 2006-10-20 2008-04-30 Hb Energietechnik Verwaltungs Gmbh Flachdachaufsatz mit Solarmodulen
DE102008052662A1 (de) * 2008-10-22 2010-05-27 Michelberger Energietechnik Gmbh Montagesystem
WO2010063018A2 (en) * 2008-11-26 2010-06-03 Robert Stancel Wind uplift resistant module mounting system
US20100212714A1 (en) * 2009-02-20 2010-08-26 Elie Rothschild Modular solar racking system
US20100219304A1 (en) * 2009-10-15 2010-09-02 Sunlink Corp. Photovoltaic module mounting system
WO2010105044A1 (en) 2009-03-11 2010-09-16 First Solar, Inc. Rooftop photovoltaic module mounting system
US20110088740A1 (en) * 2009-10-15 2011-04-21 Sunlink Corporation. Photovoltaic panel clamp
US20130068275A1 (en) * 2011-03-18 2013-03-21 Alion, Inc. Systems and methods for mounting photovoltaic modules
US20130318893A1 (en) * 2010-09-09 2013-12-05 Cel-F Solar Systems Limited Mounting Device and Method of Installing of a Solar Panel
US8615939B2 (en) 2009-10-15 2013-12-31 Sunlink Corporation Photovoltaic module mounting system
US8661748B2 (en) 2012-02-02 2014-03-04 David B. P. Lewenz Ballasted roof and ground mounted solar panel racking system
US20140083488A1 (en) * 2012-03-23 2014-03-27 Beijing Boe Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Photovoltaic Device
US20140102996A1 (en) * 2011-10-11 2014-04-17 Todd Pelman Structure following roof mounted photovoltaic system
US9057544B2 (en) 2009-02-20 2015-06-16 Elie Rothschild Solar panel mounting system
US9142700B2 (en) 2012-10-16 2015-09-22 Ironridge, Inc. Assembly for supporting and grounding solar panels
US20160056752A1 (en) * 2014-08-22 2016-02-25 Solarcity Corporation East-West Photovoltaic Array With Spaced Apart Photovoltaic Modules For Improved Aerodynamic Efficiency
US9279415B1 (en) 2005-07-07 2016-03-08 Sunlink Corporation Solar array integration system and methods therefor
US9453660B2 (en) 2013-09-11 2016-09-27 Alion Energy, Inc. Vehicles and methods for magnetically managing legs of rail-based photovoltaic modules during installation
US9462734B2 (en) 2010-04-27 2016-10-04 Alion Energy, Inc. Rail systems and methods for installation and operation of photovoltaic arrays
US9657967B2 (en) 2012-05-16 2017-05-23 Alion Energy, Inc. Rotatable support system for mounting one or more photovoltaic modules
US9988776B2 (en) 2015-09-11 2018-06-05 Alion Energy, Inc. Wind screens for photovoltaic arrays and methods thereof
US10122319B2 (en) 2013-09-05 2018-11-06 Alion Energy, Inc. Systems, vehicles, and methods for maintaining rail-based arrays of photovoltaic modules
US10250181B2 (en) 2015-10-15 2019-04-02 RBI Solar, Inc. Solar panel support devices and related solar panel support systems

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2902815B1 (fr) * 2006-06-23 2008-12-05 G S E Sa Module a effet photovoltaique, notamment pour toit de batiment logistique
DE202006016382U1 (de) * 2006-10-20 2007-02-15 Hoeft, Duhay, Kempkensteffen GbR (vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: Herr Klaus-Dieter Hoeft, 33332 Gütersloh) Flachdachaufsatz mit Solarmodulen
NL2001092C2 (nl) * 2007-12-14 2009-06-16 Renusol Gmbh Drager voor een zonnepaneel.
GB2463263B (en) * 2008-09-05 2011-12-07 Solar Century Holdings Ltd Support apparatus for supporting a plurality of solar energy collection devices
US8413391B2 (en) 2008-10-13 2013-04-09 Sunlink Corporation Solar array mounting system with universal clamp
US8188414B2 (en) 2008-12-23 2012-05-29 Opel, Inc. Grid support system for a tracker-mounted solar panel array for rooftop applications
DE102009051766B3 (de) 2009-10-30 2011-04-07 Solon Se Photovoltaikanlage mit Reflektorelementen
DE102009057408A1 (de) * 2009-12-08 2011-06-09 Energetik Solartechnologie-Vertriebs Gmbh Flachdachaufsatz mit Solarmodul
US8469313B2 (en) * 2010-02-16 2013-06-25 The Boeing Company Aerodynamic structure having a ridged solar panel and an associated method
NL2007228C2 (nl) * 2011-08-05 2013-02-06 Flamco Bv Een drager voor zonnepanelen, en een samenstel van de drager met ten minste ã©ã©n zonnepaneel.
CN102635210B (zh) * 2012-04-09 2014-10-08 浙江东南网架股份有限公司 太阳能光伏建筑金属屋面系统的连接节点及安装方法
DE102012215680B4 (de) * 2012-09-04 2016-06-16 NPS - New Power Systems GmbH Solarfeld-Anordnung bestehend aus Photovoltaik-Solarmodulen in Modulreihen auf Reihen-Untergestellen und Solarreflektoren sowie Verfahren zur Energieumwandlung
KR101529587B1 (ko) * 2013-08-28 2015-06-17 엘에스산전 주식회사 태양광발전장치
CN104993782B (zh) * 2015-05-13 2017-05-17 中国建筑设计咨询有限公司 一种光伏阵列气动导流板
JPWO2021161372A1 (zh) * 2020-02-10 2021-08-19
WO2024157193A1 (en) * 2023-01-25 2024-08-02 Esdec B.V. Aerodynamic rear wind deflector for solar module fields

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2625930A (en) * 1950-06-02 1953-01-20 Clyde W Harris Solar-heating structure
US4067317A (en) * 1976-06-18 1978-01-10 Kawneer Company, Inc. Solar energy collector panel
US4587951A (en) * 1983-04-19 1986-05-13 Stellar Energy Systems, Inc. Circular arc solar concentrator
US4946512A (en) * 1988-03-28 1990-08-07 Yoshida Kogyo K. K. Solar energy collector device
US5505788A (en) * 1994-06-29 1996-04-09 Dinwoodie; Thomas L. Thermally regulated photovoltaic roofing assembly
US5564411A (en) * 1995-01-26 1996-10-15 Myles, Iii; John F. Roof module having an integral solar energy concentrator
US5746839A (en) * 1996-04-08 1998-05-05 Powerlight Corporation Lightweight, self-ballasting photovoltaic roofing assembly
US6061978A (en) * 1997-06-25 2000-05-16 Powerlight Corporation Vented cavity radiant barrier assembly and method
US6148570A (en) * 1998-02-05 2000-11-21 Powerlight Corporation Photovoltaic building assembly with continuous insulation layer
US20010045228A1 (en) * 1998-01-21 2001-11-29 Takeshi Takada Solar cell module and process for its production, and solar cell module installing method and solar electricity generation system
US6363928B1 (en) * 2000-04-04 2002-04-02 Alternative Energy Group, Inc. Solar collection system
US20030010375A1 (en) * 2001-07-10 2003-01-16 Powerlight Corporation Pressure equalizing photovoltaic assembly and method
US20040007260A1 (en) * 2001-07-10 2004-01-15 Powerlight Corporation Inclined photovoltaic assembly

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU974479A1 (ru) 1979-01-04 1982-11-15 Ордена Октябрьской Революции Всесоюзный Государственный Проектно-Изыскательский И Научно-Исследовательский Институт Энергетических Систем И Электрических Сетей "Энергосетьпроект" Воздушна лини электропередачи
JPS6022566A (ja) * 1983-07-13 1985-02-05 Nippon Denso Co Ltd 車両用エアスポイラ
JPS634688A (ja) * 1986-06-25 1988-01-09 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 太陽光発電装置
JPH10229215A (ja) * 1997-02-14 1998-08-25 Sharp Corp 太陽電池モジュール
JP4712142B2 (ja) * 1999-01-18 2011-06-29 ミサワホーム株式会社 太陽電池モジュールおよび太陽電池モジュールの設置構造
JP4712141B2 (ja) * 1999-01-18 2011-06-29 ミサワホーム株式会社 太陽電池モジュールおよび太陽電池モジュールの設置構造
JP2000269533A (ja) * 1999-03-19 2000-09-29 Misawa Homes Co Ltd 太陽電池装置

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2625930A (en) * 1950-06-02 1953-01-20 Clyde W Harris Solar-heating structure
US4067317A (en) * 1976-06-18 1978-01-10 Kawneer Company, Inc. Solar energy collector panel
US4587951A (en) * 1983-04-19 1986-05-13 Stellar Energy Systems, Inc. Circular arc solar concentrator
US4946512A (en) * 1988-03-28 1990-08-07 Yoshida Kogyo K. K. Solar energy collector device
US5505788A (en) * 1994-06-29 1996-04-09 Dinwoodie; Thomas L. Thermally regulated photovoltaic roofing assembly
US5564411A (en) * 1995-01-26 1996-10-15 Myles, Iii; John F. Roof module having an integral solar energy concentrator
US5746839A (en) * 1996-04-08 1998-05-05 Powerlight Corporation Lightweight, self-ballasting photovoltaic roofing assembly
US6061978A (en) * 1997-06-25 2000-05-16 Powerlight Corporation Vented cavity radiant barrier assembly and method
US20010045228A1 (en) * 1998-01-21 2001-11-29 Takeshi Takada Solar cell module and process for its production, and solar cell module installing method and solar electricity generation system
US6148570A (en) * 1998-02-05 2000-11-21 Powerlight Corporation Photovoltaic building assembly with continuous insulation layer
US6363928B1 (en) * 2000-04-04 2002-04-02 Alternative Energy Group, Inc. Solar collection system
US20030010375A1 (en) * 2001-07-10 2003-01-16 Powerlight Corporation Pressure equalizing photovoltaic assembly and method
US20040007260A1 (en) * 2001-07-10 2004-01-15 Powerlight Corporation Inclined photovoltaic assembly

Cited By (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070144575A1 (en) * 2003-08-20 2007-06-28 Powerlight Corporation Supported PV Module Assembly
US20100179678A1 (en) * 2003-08-20 2010-07-15 Sunpower Corporation, Systems PV Wind Performance Enhancing Methods
US20050126621A1 (en) * 2003-08-20 2005-06-16 Powerlight Corporation PV wind performance enhancing methods and apparatus
US8558101B2 (en) 2003-08-20 2013-10-15 Sunpower Corporation Supported PV module assembly
US20060266352A1 (en) * 2005-05-31 2006-11-30 Finley Shapiro Consulting, Inc. Self-ballasting solar array mount
US9279415B1 (en) 2005-07-07 2016-03-08 Sunlink Corporation Solar array integration system and methods therefor
DE102006050456C5 (de) * 2006-10-20 2010-12-16 Hb Energietechnik Verwaltungs Gmbh Flachdachaufsatz mit Solarmodulen
DE102006050456A1 (de) * 2006-10-20 2008-04-30 Hb Energietechnik Verwaltungs Gmbh Flachdachaufsatz mit Solarmodulen
DE102006050456B4 (de) * 2006-10-20 2009-04-02 Hb Energietechnik Verwaltungs Gmbh Flachdachaufsatz mit Solarmodulen
DE102008052662A1 (de) * 2008-10-22 2010-05-27 Michelberger Energietechnik Gmbh Montagesystem
WO2010063018A2 (en) * 2008-11-26 2010-06-03 Robert Stancel Wind uplift resistant module mounting system
WO2010063018A3 (en) * 2008-11-26 2010-09-16 Robert Stancel Wind uplift resistant module mounting system
US8567132B2 (en) * 2009-02-20 2013-10-29 Elie Rothschild Modular solar racking system
US9057544B2 (en) 2009-02-20 2015-06-16 Elie Rothschild Solar panel mounting system
US20100212714A1 (en) * 2009-02-20 2010-08-26 Elie Rothschild Modular solar racking system
EP2406439A4 (en) * 2009-03-11 2015-12-09 First Solar Inc MOUNTING SYSTEM OF PHOTOVOLTAIC ROOF MODULE
WO2010105044A1 (en) 2009-03-11 2010-09-16 First Solar, Inc. Rooftop photovoltaic module mounting system
US8245459B2 (en) 2009-03-11 2012-08-21 First Solar, Inc Rooftop photovoltaic module mounting system
US20100269429A1 (en) * 2009-03-11 2010-10-28 Belikoff Michael A Rooftop Photovoltaic Module Mounting System
US8397448B2 (en) 2009-10-15 2013-03-19 Sunlink Corporation Photovoltaic panel clamp
US8266848B2 (en) 2009-10-15 2012-09-18 Sunlink Corporation Photovoltaic module mounting system
US8191320B2 (en) 2009-10-15 2012-06-05 Sunlink Corporation Photovoltaic panel clamp
US20100219304A1 (en) * 2009-10-15 2010-09-02 Sunlink Corp. Photovoltaic module mounting system
US8156697B2 (en) 2009-10-15 2012-04-17 Sunlink Corporation Photovoltaic module mounting system
US8615939B2 (en) 2009-10-15 2013-12-31 Sunlink Corporation Photovoltaic module mounting system
US20110088740A1 (en) * 2009-10-15 2011-04-21 Sunlink Corporation. Photovoltaic panel clamp
US9462734B2 (en) 2010-04-27 2016-10-04 Alion Energy, Inc. Rail systems and methods for installation and operation of photovoltaic arrays
US9655292B2 (en) 2010-04-27 2017-05-16 Alion Energy, Inc. Methods of making photovoltaic arrays and rail systems
US20130318893A1 (en) * 2010-09-09 2013-12-05 Cel-F Solar Systems Limited Mounting Device and Method of Installing of a Solar Panel
US8881472B2 (en) * 2010-09-09 2014-11-11 Cel-F Solar Systems Limited Mounting device and method of installing of a solar panel
US9641123B2 (en) * 2011-03-18 2017-05-02 Alion Energy, Inc. Systems for mounting photovoltaic modules
US20130068275A1 (en) * 2011-03-18 2013-03-21 Alion, Inc. Systems and methods for mounting photovoltaic modules
US9038329B2 (en) * 2011-10-11 2015-05-26 Sunlink Corporation Structure following roof mounted photovoltaic system
US20140102996A1 (en) * 2011-10-11 2014-04-17 Todd Pelman Structure following roof mounted photovoltaic system
US8661748B2 (en) 2012-02-02 2014-03-04 David B. P. Lewenz Ballasted roof and ground mounted solar panel racking system
US9331222B2 (en) * 2012-03-23 2016-05-03 Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. Photovoltaic device
US20140083488A1 (en) * 2012-03-23 2014-03-27 Beijing Boe Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Photovoltaic Device
US9657967B2 (en) 2012-05-16 2017-05-23 Alion Energy, Inc. Rotatable support system for mounting one or more photovoltaic modules
US9142700B2 (en) 2012-10-16 2015-09-22 Ironridge, Inc. Assembly for supporting and grounding solar panels
US10122319B2 (en) 2013-09-05 2018-11-06 Alion Energy, Inc. Systems, vehicles, and methods for maintaining rail-based arrays of photovoltaic modules
US9453660B2 (en) 2013-09-11 2016-09-27 Alion Energy, Inc. Vehicles and methods for magnetically managing legs of rail-based photovoltaic modules during installation
US9937846B2 (en) 2013-09-11 2018-04-10 Alion Energy, Inc. Vehicles and methods for magnetically managing legs of rail-based photovoltaic modules during installation
US20160056752A1 (en) * 2014-08-22 2016-02-25 Solarcity Corporation East-West Photovoltaic Array With Spaced Apart Photovoltaic Modules For Improved Aerodynamic Efficiency
US9548696B2 (en) 2014-08-22 2017-01-17 Solarcity Corporation East-west photovoltaic array with spaced apart photovoltaic modules for improved aerodynamic efficiency
US9780719B2 (en) * 2014-08-22 2017-10-03 Solarcity Corporation East-west photovoltaic array with spaced apart photovoltaic modules for improved aerodynamic efficiency
US9988776B2 (en) 2015-09-11 2018-06-05 Alion Energy, Inc. Wind screens for photovoltaic arrays and methods thereof
US10250181B2 (en) 2015-10-15 2019-04-02 RBI Solar, Inc. Solar panel support devices and related solar panel support systems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003038910A2 (en) 2003-05-08
CN1592973A (zh) 2005-03-09
WO2003038910A3 (en) 2003-06-12
JP2005507565A (ja) 2005-03-17
EP1440477A2 (en) 2004-07-28
EP1306907A1 (en) 2003-05-02
KR20050056906A (ko) 2005-06-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20040250491A1 (en) Low ballast mounting system
US7138578B2 (en) Roof cover type solar cell module
EP1412988B1 (en) Pressure-equalizing photovoltaic assembly and method for reducing wind uplift forces
US9127863B2 (en) Mounting for solar panels
US9181705B2 (en) Protective covering for roof mounted systems
US8572909B2 (en) Flat roof solar racking system
JP4796192B2 (ja) 軽量セルフ・バラスト光起電ルーフィング・アセンブリ
JP6616847B2 (ja) パネル、パネルのアセンブリ、および関連する屋根
US8316592B2 (en) Protective covering for roof mounted systems
US8505248B1 (en) Minimal ballasted surface mounting system and method
US9279415B1 (en) Solar array integration system and methods therefor
US20110277400A1 (en) Roof mounting system for solar modules
US20110154774A1 (en) System and Method for Passively Securing Solar Panels to a Flat Surface
JP4712142B2 (ja) 太陽電池モジュールおよび太陽電池モジュールの設置構造
AU2002337327A1 (en) Low ballast mounting system
JP6504736B2 (ja) 太陽電池パネルの敷設構造
KR19990023401U (ko) 태양전지 모듈 고정장치
JPH11350683A (ja) 太陽電池モジュールと太陽電池モジュール取付屋根
JP3213857U (ja) 太陽光発電ユニットシステム
WO2014107680A1 (en) Novel solar module support structure and methods relating thereto

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: BP SOLAR LIMITED, UNITED KINGDOM

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DIAZ, EMILIO MERA;WILDMAN, ERIC;REEL/FRAME:015742/0816;SIGNING DATES FROM 20040712 TO 20040715

AS Assignment

Owner name: BP ALTERNATIVE ENERGY INTERNATIONAL LIMITED, UNITE

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:BP SOLAR LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:019426/0343

Effective date: 20051229

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION