US20020078568A1 - Drawn, grooved stainless steel magnetic developer roll and process for making same - Google Patents

Drawn, grooved stainless steel magnetic developer roll and process for making same Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20020078568A1
US20020078568A1 US09/453,053 US45305399A US2002078568A1 US 20020078568 A1 US20020078568 A1 US 20020078568A1 US 45305399 A US45305399 A US 45305399A US 2002078568 A1 US2002078568 A1 US 2002078568A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
roll
developer
stainless steel
axial grooves
magnetic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US09/453,053
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Timothy M. Maggio
Robert E. Rosdahl
Kip L. Jugle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xerox Corp
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US09/453,053 priority Critical patent/US20020078568A1/en
Assigned to XEROX CORPORATION reassignment XEROX CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MAGGIO, TIMOTHY M., JUGLE, KIP L., ROSDAHL, JR., ROBERT E.
Priority to EP00310503A priority patent/EP1107074A3/de
Priority to JP2000367775A priority patent/JP2001215804A/ja
Publication of US20020078568A1 publication Critical patent/US20020078568A1/en
Assigned to BANK ONE, NA, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT reassignment BANK ONE, NA, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: XEROX CORPORATION
Assigned to XEROX CORPORATION reassignment XEROX CORPORATION RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. AS SUCCESSOR-IN-INTEREST ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT AND COLLATERAL AGENT TO BANK ONE, N.A.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/09—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer using magnetic brush
    • G03G15/0921—Details concerning the magnetic brush roller structure, e.g. magnet configuration
    • G03G15/0928—Details concerning the magnetic brush roller structure, e.g. magnet configuration relating to the shell, e.g. structure, composition
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/06—Developing structures, details
    • G03G2215/0634—Developing device
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49544—Roller making
    • Y10T29/4956—Fabricating and shaping roller work contacting surface element

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to a development apparatus for ionographic or electrophotographic imaging and printing apparatuses and machines, and more particularly is directed to a magnetic developer roll having a stainless steel sleeve.
  • the process of electrophotographic printing includes charging a photoconductive member to a substantially uniform potential to sensitize the surface thereof.
  • the charged portion of the photoconductive surface is exposed to a light image from either a scanning laser beam, an LED source, or an original document being reproduced.
  • This records an electrostatic latent image on the photoconductive surface.
  • the latent image is developed.
  • Two-component and single-component developer materials are commonly used for development.
  • a typical two-component developer comprises magnetic carrier granules having toner particles adhering triboelectrically thereto.
  • a single-component developer material typically comprises toner particles. Toner particles are attracted to the latent image, forming a toner powder image on the photoconductive surface. The toner powder image is subsequently transferred to a copy sheet. Finally, the toner powder image is heated to permanently fuse it to the copy sheet in image configuration.
  • a non-interactive magnetic brush development method employs permanently magnetized carrier beads operating with a rotating multipole magnet within a conductive and nonmagnetic sleeve, such as of aluminum or stainless steel.
  • Magnetic field lines form arches in the space above the sleeve surface and form chains of carrier beads.
  • the developer mass is held in contact with the sleeve and out of direct contact with the photoreceptor by gradients provided by the multipole magnet.
  • the magnetic field lines beyond the sleeve surface rotate in the opposite sense, moving carrier in a tumbling action which transports developer material along the sleeve surface.
  • the strong mechanical agitation very effectively dislodges toner particles generating a rich powder cloud which can be developed to the adjacent photoreceptor surface under the influence of development fields between the sleeve and the electrostatic image.
  • a hollow tube or roll containing fixed magnets is used to move the developer to the photoreceptor.
  • the tube such as of stainless steel
  • the magnets attract the metallic carrier beads in the developer.
  • the carrier beads closest to the magnetic roll become magnetized, enabling more carrier beads to stick.
  • the developer builds up to form bristles like a brush.
  • This attraction of developer to the magnetic roll is called a magnetic brush.
  • the magnetic force on the magnetic roll is just enough to allow the developer to build up on the roll.
  • the magnetic roll or tube continues to rotate, it moves the developer brush past a trim bar.
  • the trim bar limits the length of the brush by shearing off the portions of the developer bristles that extend beyond a certain length. The trim bar ensures that a desired bead height is obtained.
  • the present invention provides a process for making a drawn stainless steel development magnetic roll having a coating-free developer-receptive surface.
  • the present invention provides a process for making a development magnetic roll drawn from stainless steel and having a developer-receptive, non-abrasive integral surface.
  • the present invention further provides a process of making a magnetic roll having improved stability, durability, toner tribo charging characteristics and toner loading characteristics.
  • the invention provides an electrophotographic printing system having a developer sump with an uncoated magnetic roll that is of lower cost and ease to manufacture.
  • the present invention also provides a magnetic roll and a process for making a magnetic roll by cold drawing stainless steel rolls having a desired grooved surface finish, diameter, straightness, runout, and other mechanical tolerance requirements.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic elevational view of an illustrative electrophotographic printing or imaging machine or apparatus incorporating a development roll having the features of the present invention therein;
  • FIG. 2 is a developer station of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the cold-drawing of a stainless steel developer roll, tube or sleeve by pulling it through a die having surface-scoring members;
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view, in partial cross-section, of a non-magnetic stainless steel developer roll, tube or sleeve according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 5 - 5 of FIG. 4, and
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the section 6 of the roll, tube or sleeve of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawings there is shown a xerographic type reproduction machine 8 incorporating the magnetic grooved stainless steel roll of the present invention, designated generally by the numeral 80 .
  • Machine 8 has a suitable frame (not shown) on which the machine xerographic components are operatively supported.
  • the machine xerographic components include a recording member, shown here in the form of a rotatable photoreceptor 14 .
  • photoreceptor 14 comprises a drum having a photoconductive surface 16 .
  • a charge corotron 18 for placing a uniform charge on the photoconductive surface 16 of photoreceptor 14 ; an exposure station 22 where the previously charged photocontuctive surface 16 is exposed to image rays of a document 9 being copied or reproduced; development station 24 where the latent electrostatic image created on photoconductive surface 16 is developed by toner; and transfer detack corotrons 28 and 30 for assisting transfer of the developed image to a suitable recording substrate material such as a recording sheet 32 brought forward in timed relation with the developed image on photoconductive surface 16 . Residual toner is removed from the photoconductive surface at cleaning station 34 .
  • Recording sheets 32 a are brought forward to the transfer area by feed roll pair 40 , sheet guides 42 , 43 serving to guide the sheet through an approximately 180° turn prior to the transfer area. Following transfer, the sheet 32 is carried forward to a fusing station 48 where the toner image is fixed by fusing roll 49 . After fusing, the recording sheet 32 is discharged to an output tray.
  • Development station 24 includes a developer housing 65 in which a toner dispensing cartridge 66 is rotatably mounted so as to dispense tone particles downward into a sump area assisted by the augers 67 and 68 .
  • a developing member 80 is disposed in predetermined operative relation to the photoconductive surface 16 of photoreceptor 14 , the length of developing member 80 being equal to or slightly greater than the width of photoconductive surface 16 , with the functional axis of developing member 80 parallel to the photoconductive surface and oriented at a right angle with respect to the path of photoreceptor 14 . Advancement of developing member 80 carries the developer blanket into the development zone in proximal relation with the photoconductive surface 16 of photoreceptor 14 to develop the electrostatic image therein.
  • augers 67 and 68 are mounted rotatably to mix and transport developer material.
  • the augers have blades extending spirally outwardly from a shaft.
  • the blades are designed to advance the developer material in the axial direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft.
  • Fresh toner particles are furnished to the developer material in the chamber from the toner dispenser.
  • the augers in the chamber of the housing mix the fresh toner particles with the remaining developer material so that the resultant developer material therein is substantially uniform with the concentration of toner particles being optimized. In this manner, a substantially constant amount of toner particles are maintained in the chamber of the developer housing.
  • the present magnetic member 80 includes a hollow drawn stainless steel tube or sleeve 78 enclosing a magnetic assembly 81 containing fixed magnets which are used to move the developer to the photoreceptor.
  • a magnetic assembly 81 containing fixed magnets which are used to move the developer to the photoreceptor.
  • the tube rotates about the magnets and through a sump of developer, the magnets attract the metallic carrier beads in the developer.
  • the carrier beads closest to the magnetic roll become magnetized, enabling more carrier beads to stick.
  • the developer builds up to from bristles like a brush.
  • This attraction of developer to the magnetic roll is called a magnetic brush.
  • the magnetic force on the magnetic roll is just enough to allow the developer to build up on the roll. The magnetic force has little effect on the charge either on the toner or on the photoreceptor.
  • the trim bar 90 limits the length of the brush by knocking off the portions of the developer bristles that extend beyond a certain length. The trim bar ensures that a desired bead height is obtained.
  • a non-magnetic 300 series stainless steel sleeve having the desired inner and outer diameters is formed by a conventional cold-drawing method and drawbench apparatus used for producing hollow, tubular stainless steel pipes and conduits.
  • a seamed or seamless stainless steel sleeve is first cold-drawn by pulling it on a mandrel or table through a circular draw die 90 of the desired diameter to simultaneously or subsequently form a plurality of axial depressions or straight grooves 92 having the desired depth and uniform spacing around the outer circumference of the formed sleeve.
  • the grooves 92 are formed by displacing material on the outer surface of the sleeve 78 by a corresponding plurality of metal displacement members 91 projecting from the inner surface of the die 90 , to form the grooves 92 as the sleeve 78 is cold-drawn to the desired diameter.
  • the depth and radius of the grooves 92 generally is between about 0.01 mm and 0.5 mm, preferably between about 0.1 mm and 0.45 mm, and most preferably about 0.4 mm, but deeper grooves can be formed to allow for any secondary surface-machining operation necessary to meet specifications.
  • the present non-magnetic stainless steel developer rolls 78 as illustrated have a length “L” of about 412 mm, an outer diameter “O.D.” of about 63.4 mm, an inner diameter of about 60.4 mm, and a wall thickness of about 3 mm in areas between the longitudinal grooves 92 .
  • the grooves 92 are hemispherical in cross-section is shown in FIG. 6, have a depth “d” of about 0.4 mm and are uniformly spaced from one-another, center-to-center, by a space “s” of about 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm around the circumference of the roll 78 .
  • d depth of about 0.4 mm
  • s space “s” of about 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm around the circumference of the roll 78 .
  • the grooves 92 illustrated by FIG. 6 are formed as illustrated by FIG. 3, using hemi-cylindrical metal displacement members 91 which displace the cold drawn aluminum from the surface of the roll to increase the wall thickness in areas underlying the grooves. For this reason counterbores 93 are made inwardly from each end of the drum, tube or sleeve 92 and extending a distance of about 11 mm to provide uniform inner diameter portions of about 60.6 mm for mounting purposes. Generally the wall thickness is between about 2.5 mm and 3.5 mm, most preferably about 3 mm.
  • the present process is quicker and less expensive than the prior conventional method of machining the outer surface of stainless steel sleeves or tubes, and then spraying with a tungsten carbide layer in order to produce enough surface geometry or roughness to help transport developer material.
  • the present process produces this desired result in an integral, un-coated drawn and grooved stainless steel sleeve or tube, while avoiding the need for abrasive coatings which can deteriorate, wear away and shed over prolonged periods of use.
  • the present cold-drawing process enables the reduction of the thickness of the wall of the present stainless steel sleeves or tubes, while meeting the requirements of high mechanical strength.
  • the developer roll has a requirement to be conductive, as cited below, but not too conductive.
  • the eddy current heating of the shell imposes this limit. Eddy currents are the result of moving a conductor through a magnetic field, similar to operation of an electrical generator.
  • Eddy current heating scales with a) the square of the relative speed between the magnet and the shell, b) with the square of the radial component magnitude of the magnetic field, c) approximately linear with the shell wall thickness, and d) inversely linear with the electrical resistivity (linear with the conductivity).
  • Thin Wall Requirement The thin wall requirement arises from several objectives. First, the thinner the wall, the closer the magnet assembly can be located relative to the developer material. Since magnetic fields due to any magnetic assembly decrease at least as rapidly as the 3 rd power of the distance from the magnetic, small changes in wall thickness are significant. Second, the thinner the wall thickness, the lighter the overall part weight. This provides benefits in a) lower start up inertial loads hence lower initial drive torque requirements and b) in lower system weight and hence potentially easier serviceability.
  • High Mechanical Strength The mechanical strength requirements arise from the need to maintain dimensional tolerances over the entire length and circumference of the roll. The magnets and developer material interact and effectively apply a significant and non-uniform pressure on the exterior surface of the shell. With the above cited desired thin walls, a high mechanical strength is required to prevent deflection of the tube and maintain the required xerographic tolerances.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Magnetic Brush Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
US09/453,053 1999-12-02 1999-12-02 Drawn, grooved stainless steel magnetic developer roll and process for making same Abandoned US20020078568A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/453,053 US20020078568A1 (en) 1999-12-02 1999-12-02 Drawn, grooved stainless steel magnetic developer roll and process for making same
EP00310503A EP1107074A3 (de) 1999-12-02 2000-11-27 Entwicklungswalze und Verfahren zur Herstellen derselben
JP2000367775A JP2001215804A (ja) 1999-12-02 2000-12-01 磁気現像ロールおよびその製造方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/453,053 US20020078568A1 (en) 1999-12-02 1999-12-02 Drawn, grooved stainless steel magnetic developer roll and process for making same

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20020078568A1 true US20020078568A1 (en) 2002-06-27

Family

ID=23799024

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/453,053 Abandoned US20020078568A1 (en) 1999-12-02 1999-12-02 Drawn, grooved stainless steel magnetic developer roll and process for making same

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20020078568A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1107074A3 (de)
JP (1) JP2001215804A (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140147177A1 (en) * 2012-11-27 2014-05-29 Konica Minolta, Inc. Development roller and image forming apparatus including development roller
US20170229945A1 (en) * 2014-08-20 2017-08-10 Moog Inc. Linear tubular motor magnetic shaft sleeve

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003295599A (ja) * 2002-02-04 2003-10-15 Ricoh Co Ltd 現像剤担持体、現像装置、画像形成装置及びプロセスカートリッジ
JP2005024611A (ja) * 2003-06-30 2005-01-27 Ricoh Co Ltd 現像装置、画像形成装置およびプロセスカートリッジ

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU3829378A (en) * 1977-11-10 1980-01-31 Ibm Cuprous-nickel magnetic brush roll
US4377332A (en) * 1979-04-20 1983-03-22 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Developing device
US4737216A (en) * 1985-11-07 1988-04-12 Sonoco Products Company Method of fabricating disposable roller for use in xerographic copier machines
JPH07117791B2 (ja) * 1990-09-04 1995-12-18 三田工業株式会社 画質に優れた現像法
DE69518691T2 (de) * 1994-04-28 2001-08-16 Canon Kk Bilderzeugungsverfahren

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140147177A1 (en) * 2012-11-27 2014-05-29 Konica Minolta, Inc. Development roller and image forming apparatus including development roller
US9256164B2 (en) * 2012-11-27 2016-02-09 Konica Minolta, Inc. Development roller having magnetic roller and image forming apparatus including the development roller
US20170229945A1 (en) * 2014-08-20 2017-08-10 Moog Inc. Linear tubular motor magnetic shaft sleeve
US10651710B2 (en) * 2014-08-20 2020-05-12 Moog Inc. Linear tubular motor magnetic shaft sleeve

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2001215804A (ja) 2001-08-10
EP1107074A3 (de) 2002-10-09
EP1107074A2 (de) 2001-06-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6343419B1 (en) Method of manufacturing magnet assembly with inserts
JPH0465379B2 (de)
JP2008040483A (ja) 現像剤担持体と現像装置とプロセスカートリッジと画像形成装置および中空体の製造方法
US4526130A (en) Developing apparatus
US7565098B2 (en) Developing device, process cartridge and image forming apparatus
US6412175B2 (en) Ceramic donor roll with shaft
US5400124A (en) Development station having a roughened toning shell
US20020078568A1 (en) Drawn, grooved stainless steel magnetic developer roll and process for making same
JP2005091953A (ja) 現像装置、画像形成装置及びプロセスカートリッジ
JP6288976B2 (ja) 現像装置
JP5407236B2 (ja) 現像ローラ及びその製造方法、現像装置、プロセスカートリッジ、並びに、画像形成装置
JP6335642B2 (ja) 画像形成装置
CA2202202C (en) Wound magnetic roll developer tube and method of manufacture
JP3109314B2 (ja) マグネットロール及びその製造方法
JP2006323272A (ja) 画像形成装置用ローラ及びその製造方法
JP4682093B2 (ja) 現像ローラ、現像装置、プロセスカートリッジ及び画像形成装置
JPS58108562A (ja) 画像形成装置
JP2000122403A (ja) 現像装置
US20030108363A1 (en) Developing roller and manufacturing method thereof
JP3846467B2 (ja) 現像装置及び画像形成装置
JP3846466B2 (ja) 現像装置及び画像形成装置
JP2005017972A (ja) 現像剤担持体の製造方法および現像担持体、またそれを備えた画像形成装置
JP2007108669A (ja) 現像装置、プロセスカートリッジ及び画像形成装置
JP2002278276A (ja) 画像形成装置
JPH07230217A (ja) 現像スリーブアセンブリ及び現像装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: XEROX CORPORATION, NEW YORK

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MAGGIO, TIMOTHY M.;ROSDAHL, JR., ROBERT E.;JUGLE, KIP L.;REEL/FRAME:010559/0929;SIGNING DATES FROM 19991129 TO 19991207

AS Assignment

Owner name: BANK ONE, NA, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, ILLINOIS

Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:XEROX CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:013111/0001

Effective date: 20020621

Owner name: BANK ONE, NA, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT,ILLINOIS

Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:XEROX CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:013111/0001

Effective date: 20020621

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION

AS Assignment

Owner name: XEROX CORPORATION, CONNECTICUT

Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. AS SUCCESSOR-IN-INTEREST ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT AND COLLATERAL AGENT TO BANK ONE, N.A.;REEL/FRAME:061388/0388

Effective date: 20220822