US20020022604A1 - Polycyclic aryl and heteroaryl substituted 4-pyrones useful for selective inhibition of the coagulation cascade - Google Patents

Polycyclic aryl and heteroaryl substituted 4-pyrones useful for selective inhibition of the coagulation cascade Download PDF

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US20020022604A1
US20020022604A1 US09/826,432 US82643201A US2002022604A1 US 20020022604 A1 US20020022604 A1 US 20020022604A1 US 82643201 A US82643201 A US 82643201A US 2002022604 A1 US2002022604 A1 US 2002022604A1
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Michael South
Chun Ma
Kevin Koeller
Hayat Rahman
William Neumann
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Pharmacia LLC
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Pharmacia LLC
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Assigned to PHAMACIA CORPORATION reassignment PHAMACIA CORPORATION CORRECTED NOTICE OF RECORDATION Assignors: NEUMANN, WILLIAM L., RAHMAN, HAYAT K., KOELLER, KEVIN J., MA, CHUN C., SOUTH, MICHAEL S.
Publication of US20020022604A1 publication Critical patent/US20020022604A1/en
Priority to US10/438,077 priority patent/US6916847B2/en
Priority to US11/072,595 priority patent/US20050165021A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D309/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D309/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D309/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with oxygen atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D309/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with oxygen atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms one oxygen atom in position 2 or 4, e.g. pyrones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D309/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D309/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D309/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with oxygen atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D309/40—Oxygen atoms attached in positions 3 and 4, e.g. maltol

Definitions

  • This invention is in the field of anticoagulant therapy, and specifically relates to compounds, compositions and methods for preventing and treating thrombotic conditions such as coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease. More particularly, the invention relates to polycyclic aryl and heteroaryl substituted 4-pyrone compounds that inhibit serine proteases of the coagulation cascade.
  • Physiological systems control the fluidity of blood in mammals [Majerus, P. W. et al: Anticoagulant, Thrombolytic, and Antiplatelet Drugs. In Hardman, J. G. and Limbird, L. E., editors: Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9th edition. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1996, pp. 1341-1343]. Blood must remain fluid within the vascular systems and yet be able to undergo hemostasis, cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, quickly. Hemostasis or clotting begins when platelets first adhere to macromolecules in subendothelian regions of an injured and/or damaged vessels. These platelets aggregate to form the primary hemostatic plug and stimulate local activation of plasma coagulation factors leading to generation of a fibrin clot that reinforces the aggregated platelets.
  • Plasma coagulation factors include factors II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII; these are also called protease zymogens. These coagulation factors or protease zymogens are activated by serine proteases leading to coagulation in a so called “coagulation cascade” or chain reaction [Handin, R. I.: Bleeding and Thrombosis. In Wilson, J., et al. editors: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 12th Edition, New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1991,p.350]. Coagulation or clotting occurs in two ways through different pathways.
  • An intrinsic or contact pathway leads from XII to XIIa to XIa to IXa and to the conversion of X to Xa.
  • Xa with factor Va converts prothrombin (II) to thrombin (IIa) leading to conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Polymerization of fibrin leads to a fibrin clot.
  • An extrinsic pathway is initiated by the conversion of coagulation factor VII to VIIa by Xa. The presence of Tissue Factor and VIIa accelerates formation of Xa in the presence of calcium ion and phospholipids. Formation of Xa leads to thrombin, fibrin, and a fibrin clot as described above. The presence of one or more of these many different coagulation factors and two distinct pathways of clotting could enable the efficacious, selective control and better understanding of parts of the coagulation or clotting process.
  • thrombosis results when platelet aggregation and/or a fibrin clot blocks (i.e., occludes) a blood vessel.
  • Arterial thrombosis may result in ischemic necrosis of the tissue supplied by the artery.
  • a myocardial infarction or heart attack can result.
  • a thrombosis occurring in a vein may cause tissues drained by the vein to become edematous and inflamed.
  • Thrombosis of a deep vein may be complicated by a pulmonary embolism.
  • Preventing or treating clots in a blood vessel may be therapeutically useful by inhibiting formation of blood platelet aggregates, inhibiting formation of fibrin, inhibiting thrombus formation, inhibiting embolus formation, and for treating or preventing unstable angina, refractory angina, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attacks, atrial fibrillation, thrombotic stroke, embolic stroke, deep vein thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, ocular build up of fibrin, and reocclusion or restenosis of recanalized vessels.
  • Pat. No. 5,792,779, Sanderson et al. describe substituted 4,6-alkyl, 4,6-cycloalkyl, and 4,6-trifluoromethyl 2-pyridones having utility as thrombin inhibitors.
  • PCT Patent Application WO 97/30708 Sanderson et al. describe additional substituted 4,6-alkyl, 4,6-cycloalkyl, and 4,6-trifluoromethyl 2-pyridones having utility as thrombin inhibitors.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,869,487 Coburn et al. describe pyrido[3,4-B]pyrazines containing a fused 6-methyl-2-pyridone functionality and having utility as thrombin inhibitors.
  • Tamura et al. again describe 4,5,6-substituted-3-amino-2-pyridonyl-acetamides containing amide substituents having a formyl function and having activity against thrombin.
  • Tamura et al. further describe 4,5,6-substituted-3-amino-2-pyridonylacetamides containing amide substituents having a formyl function and having activity against thrombin.
  • PCT Patent Application WO 98/31670 Sanderson et al.
  • 2-pyridone derivatives may function as thrombin inhibitors, 4-pyrone compounds, compositions thereof, their use for preventing and treating thrombotic conditions such as coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease, and their ability to inhibit serine proteases of the coagulation cascade have not been previously disclosed.
  • the present invention relates to a class of compounds comprising Polycyclic Aryl and Heteroaryl Substituted 4-pyrones, which are beneficial in anticoagulant therapy for the treatment and prevention of a variety of thrombotic conditions including coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease, as given in Formula (I):
  • D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one can be a covalent bond, no more than one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be O, no more than one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be S, one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 must be a covalent bond when two of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 are O and S, and no more than four of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be N with the proviso that R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;
  • R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 can independently be Q b ;
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydride, amidino, guanidino, dialkylsulfonium, trialkylphosphonium, dialkylsulfoniumalkyl, carboxy, heteroaralkylthio, heteroaralkoxy, cycloalkylamino, acylalkyl, acylalkoxy, aryloylalkoxy, heterocyclyloxy, aralkylaryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, aralkynyl, heterocyclyl, perhaloaralkyl, aralkylsulfonyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfinyl,
  • R 32 and R 33 , R 33 and R 34 , R 34 and R 35 , and R 35 and R 36 can be independently selected to form a spacer pair wherein a spacer pair is taken together to form a linear moiety having from 3 through 6 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding of said spacer pair members to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkenyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, a partially saturated heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, a heteroaryl ring having 5 through 6 contiguous members, and an aryl with the proviso that no more than one of the group consisting of spacer pairs R 32 and R 33 , R 33 and R 34 , R 34 and R 35 , and R 35 and R 36 can be used at the same time;
  • R 9 and R 10 , R 10 and R 11 , R 11 and R 12 , and R 12 and R 13 can be independently selected to form a spacer pair wherein a spacer pair is taken together to form a linear moiety having from 3 through 6 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding of said spacer pair members to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkenyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, a partially saturated heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, a heteroaryl ring having 5 through 6 contiguous members, and an aryl with the proviso that no more than one of the group consisting of spacer pairs R 9 and R 10 , R 10 and R 11 , R 11 and R 12 , and R 12 and R 13 can be used at the same time;
  • B can be formula (VI):
  • D 3 , D 4 , J 3 , and J 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, and S, no more than one of D 3 , D 4 , J 3 , and J 4 can be O, no more than one of D 3 , D 4 , J 3 and J 4 can be S, and no more than three of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , and J 2 can be N with the proviso that R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , and R 35 are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;
  • B can be selected from the group consisting of C3-C8 alkyl, C3-C8 alkenyl, C3-C8 alkynyl, C3-C8 haloalkyl, and C3-C8 haloalkenyl wherein each member of group B may be optionally substituted at any carbon up to and including 6 atoms from the point of attachment of B to A with one or more of the group consisting of R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 ;
  • B can be selected from the group consisting of C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C5-C10 cycloalkenyl, C4-C9 saturated heterocyclyl, and C4-C9 partially saturated heterocyclyl, wherein each ring carbon may be optionally substituted with R 33 , a ring carbon other than the ring carbon at the point of attachment of B to A may be optionally substituted with oxo provided that no more than one ring carbon is substituted by oxo at the same time, ring carbon and nitrogen atoms adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment may be optionally substituted with R 9 or R 13 , a ring carbon or nitrogen atom adjacent to the R 9 position and two atoms from the point of attachment may be substituted with R 10 , a ring carbon or nitrogen atom adjacent to the R 13 position and two atoms from the point of attachment may be substituted with R 12 , a ring carbon or nitrogen atom three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to
  • A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, (W 7 ) rr —(CH(R 15 )) pa and (CH(R 15 )) pa —(W 7 ) rr wherein rr is an integer selected from 0 through 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 6, and W 7 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)S, C(S)O, C(O)N(R 7 ), C(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O), (R 7 )NC(S), S(O), S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NS(O) 2 , Se(O), Se(O) 2 , Se(O) 2 N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NSe(O) 2 , P(O)(R 8 ), N(R 7 )P(O)(R 8 ), P(O)(R 8 ), N(
  • R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxy, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkylthio, alkylamino, arylthio, arylamino, acyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, aralkoxyalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, , aryloxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, aralkoxyalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylamino, heteroaralkyl, heteroaralkylamino, and heteroaryloxyalkyl;
  • R 14 , R 15 , R 37 , R 38 , R 39 , R 40 , R 41 and R 42 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, halo, cyano, aryloxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, acyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, sulfhydryl, acylamido, alkoxy, alkylthio, arylthio, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, aralkoxyalkylalkoxy, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylthioalkyl, heteroaralkoxythioalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl,
  • R 14 and R 14 when bonded to different carbons, can be taken together to form a group selected from the group consisting of covalent bond, alkylene, haloalkylene, and a linear moiety spacer selected to form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, cycloalkenyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl having from 5 through 8 contiguous members;
  • R 14 and R 15 when bonded to different carbons, can be taken together to form a group selected from the group consisting of covalent bond, alkylene, haloalkylene, and a linear moiety spacer selected to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, a cycloalkenyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl having from 5 through 8 contiguous members;
  • R 15 and R 15 when bonded to different carbons, can be taken together to form a group selected from the group consisting of covalent bond, alkylene, haloalkylene, and a linear moiety spacer selected to form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, cycloalkenyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl having from 5 through 8 contiguous members;
  • ⁇ is selected from the group consisting of NR 5 , O, C(O), C(S), S, S(O), S(O) 2 , ON(R 5 ), P(O)(R 8 ), and CR 39 R 40 ;
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxy, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, aralkoxyalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, aralkoxyalkyl, heteroaralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, halocycloalkyl, haloalkenyl, halo
  • R 39 and R 40 when bonded to the same carbon, can be taken together to form a group selected from a group consisting of oxo, thiono, R 5 —N, alkylene, haloalkylene, and a linear moiety spacer having from 2 through 7 contiguous atoms to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, a cycloalkenyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members;
  • X 0 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of Z 0 —Q, hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, and halo;
  • X 0 and R 2 can be independently selected from the group consisting of amidino, guanidino, dialkylsulfonium, trialkylphosphonium, dialkylsulfoniumalkyl, heteroarylamino, amino, nitro, alkylamino, arylamino, aralkylamino, alkanoyl, alkenoyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, aralkanoyl, heteroaralkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, hydroxyhaloalkyl, cyano, and phosphono;
  • X 0 and R 5 can be taken together to form a spacer pair wherein the spacer pair forms a linear spacer moiety having from 2 through 5 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding of said spacer pair members to form a heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members;
  • X 0 and R 39 can be taken together to form a spacer pair wherein the spacer pair forms a linear spacer moiety having from 2 through 5 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding of said spacer pair members to form a heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members;
  • X 0 and R 40 can be taken together to form a spacer pair wherein the spacer pair forms a linear spacer moiety having from 2 through 5 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding of said spacer pair members to form a heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members;
  • X 0 can be independently selected to form a linear moiety having from 2 through 5 contiguous atoms linked to the points of bonding of both R 39 and R 40 to form a heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members;
  • R 2 and R 4a , R 2 and R 4b , R 2 and R 14 , and R 2 and R 15 can be independently selected to form spacer pairs wherein a spacer pair is taken together to form a linear moiety having from 2 through 5 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding of said spacer pair members to form a heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members with the proviso that no more than one of the group of spacer pairs consisting of R 2 and R 4a , R 2 and R 4b , R 2 and R 14 , and R 2 and R 15 can be used at the same time;
  • R 2 can be independently selected to form a linear moiety having from 2 through 5 contiguous atoms linked to the points of bonding of both R 4a and R 4b to form a heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members;
  • Z 0 is selected from the group consisting of covalent single bond, (CR 41 R 42 ) q wherein q is an integer selected from 1 through 6, (CH(R 41 )) g —W 0 —(CH(R 42 )) p wherein g and p are integers independently selected from 0 through 3 and W 0 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R 41 ), (R 41 )NC(O), C(S)N(R 41 ), (R 41 )NC(S), OC(O)N(R 41 ), (R 41 )NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R 41 ), (R 41 )NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R 41 ), (R 41 )NC(O)S, OC(S)N(R 41 ), (R 41 )NC(S)O, SC
  • Q is formula (II):
  • D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one can be a covalent bond, no more than one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be O, no more than one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be S, one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 must be a covalent bond when two of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 are O and S, and no more than four of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be N, with the proviso that R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen
  • Q can be formula (III):
  • D 3 , D 4 , J 3 , and J 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, and S, no more than one of D 3 , D 4 , J 3 , and J 4 can be O, no more than one of D 3 , D 4 , J 3 , and J 4 can be S, and no more than three of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , and J 2 can be N with the proviso that R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , and R 12 are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;
  • Q can be selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkenyl, alkynyl, saturated heterocyclyl, partially saturated heterocyclyl, acyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkenyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, and halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl;
  • K is (CR 4a R 4b ) n wherein n is an integer selected from 1 through 4;
  • R 4a and R 4b are independently selected from the group consisting of halo, hydrido, hydroxy, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, aralkoxyalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, aralkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylthioalkyl, heteroaralkylthioalkyl, cyanoalkyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, cyanoal
  • R 4a and R 4b when bonded to the same carbon, can be taken together to form a group selected from the group consisting of oxo, thiono, and a linear spacer moiety having from 2 through 7 contiguous atoms connected to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkyl ring having 3 through 8 contiguous members, a cycloalkenyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members;
  • E 0 is E 1 , when K is (CR 4a R 4b ) n , wherein E 1 is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O), C(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S), OC(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O)S, OC(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S)O, N(R 8 )C(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O)N(R 8 ), N(R 8 )C(S)N(R 7 ), (R 8
  • R 28 and R 29 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, acyl, aroyl, aralkanoyl, heteroaroyl, aralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylthioalkyl, heteroaralkylthioalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, hal
  • R 28 and R 29 can be taken together to form a linear moiety spacer having from 2 through 7 contiguous atoms and forming a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, a cycloalkenyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members;
  • K can be (CH(R 14 )) j —T wherein j is selected from a integer from 0 through 3 and T is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, O, S, and N(R 7 ) with the proviso that (CH(R 14 )) j is bonded to the pyrone ring;
  • E 0 is E 2 , when K is (CH(R 14 )) j —T wherein E 2 is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O), C(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S), (R 7 )NC(O)O, (R 7 )NC(S)S, (R 7 )NC(O)S, (R 7 )NC(S)O, N(R 8 )C(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O)N(R 8 ), N(R 8 )C(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S)N(R 8 ), S(O), S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(R 7 ), N(R 7 )S(O) 2 N(
  • K can be G—(CH(R 15 )) k wherein k is selected from an integer from 1 through 3 and G is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N(R 7 ) with the proviso that R 15 is other than hydroxy, cyano, halo, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and sulfhydryl when k is 1;
  • E 0 is E 3 when K is G—(CH(R 15 )) k wherein E 3 is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O), C(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S), OC(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O)S, OC(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S)O, N(R 8 )C(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O)N(R 8 ), N(R 8 )C(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 ), (R
  • Y 0 is formula (IV):
  • D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one can be a covalent bond
  • K 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of C, and N +
  • no more than one of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 can be O
  • no more than one of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 can be S
  • one of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 must be a covalent bond when two of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 are O and S
  • no more than three of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 can be N when K 2 is N +
  • no more than four of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 can be N when K 2 is carbon with the provisos that R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and
  • R 16 and R 17 can be independently taken together to form a linear moiety spacer having, from 3 through 6 contiguous atoms connected to form a ring, selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkenyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, a partially saturated heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, a heteroaryl having from 5 through 6 contiguous members, and an aryl;
  • R 18 and R 19 can be independently taken together to form a linear moiety spacer having from 3 through 6 contiguous atoms connected to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkenyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, a partially saturated heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, a heteroaryl having from 5 through 6 contiguous members, and an aryl;
  • Q b is selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , + NR 20 R 21 R 22 , oxy, alkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, aminoalkyl, dialkylsulfoniumalkyl, and acylamino wherein R 20 , R 21 , and R 22 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminoalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl with the provisos that no more than one of R 20 , R 21 , and R 22 can be hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, amino, and dialkylamino and that R 20 , R 21 , and R 22 must be other than be hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, amino, and dialkylamino when K 2 is N + ;
  • R 20 and R 21 , R 20 and R 22 , and R 21 and R 22 can be independently selected to form a spacer pair wherein a spacer pair is taken together to form a linear moiety having from 4 through 7 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding of said spacer pair members to form a heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members with the proviso that no more than one of the group consisting of spacer pairs R 20 and R 21 , R 20 and R 22 , and R 21 and R 22 can be used at the same time;
  • Q b can be selected from the group consisting of N(R 26 )SO 2 N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )C(O)OR 5 , N(R 26 )C(O)SR 5 , N(R 26 )C(S)OR 5 and N(R 26 )C(S)SR 5 with the proviso that no more than one of R 23 , R 24 , and R 26 can be hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, amino, or dialkylamino when two of the group consisting of R 23 , R 24 , and R 26 are bonded to the same atom;
  • Q b can be selected from the group consisting of dialkylsulfonium, trialkylphosphonium, C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )C(O)N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )C(S)N(R 23 )(R 24 ), C(NR 25 )OR 5 , C(O)N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), C(S)N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )N(R 26 )SO 2 N(R 23 )(R 24 ), C(NR 25 )SR 5 , C(O)NR 23 R 24 , and C(O)NR 23 R
  • R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , and R 26 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminoalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl;
  • R 23 and R 24 can be taken together to form a linear spacer moiety having from 4 through 7 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding to form a heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members;
  • R 23 and R 25 , R 24 and R 25 , R 25 and R 26 , R 24 and R 26 , and R 23 and R 26 can be independently selected to form a spacer pair wherein a spacer pair is taken together from the points of bonding of selected spacer pair members to form the group L-U-V wherein L, U, and V are independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(J H ) 2 S(O), SO 2 , OP(OR 31 )R 30 , P(O)R 30 , P(S)R 30 , C(R 30 )R 31 , C ⁇ C(R 30 )R 31 , (O) 2 POP(O) 2 , R 30 (O)POP(O)R 30 , Si(R 29 )R 28 , Si(R 29 )R 28 , Si(R 29 )R 28 OSi(R 29 )R 28 , Si(R 29 )R 28 , (R 28 )R 29
  • D is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, C ⁇ O, C ⁇ S, S(O) m wherein m is an integer selected from 0 through 2;
  • J H is independently selected from the group consisting of OR 27 , SR 27 and N(R 20 )R 21 ;
  • R 27 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, aralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylthioalkyl, heteroaralkylthioalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyal
  • R 30 and R 31 are independently selected from hydrido, hydroxy, thiol, aryloxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, hydroxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, arylthio, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, aralkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylthioalkyl, heteroaralkoxythioalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, alkenyloxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkeny
  • R 30 and R 31 can be taken to form a linear moiety spacer group having from 2 through 7 contiguous atoms to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, a cycloalkenyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members;
  • R 23 and R 25 , R 24 and R 25 , R 25 and R 26 , R 24 and R 26 , and R 23 and R 26 can be independently selected to form a spacer pair wherein a spacer pair is taken together from the points of bonding of selected spacer pair members to form the group L-U-V wherein L, U, and V are independently selected from the group of 1,2-disubstituted radicals consisting of a cycloalkyl radical, a cycloalkenyl radical wherein cycloalkyl and cycloalkenyl radicals are substituted with one or more groups selected from R 30 and R 31 , an aryl radical, an heteroaryl radical, a saturated heterocyclic radical and a partially saturated heterocyclic radical wherein said 1,2-substitutents are independently selected from C ⁇ O, C ⁇ S, C(R 28 )R 32 , S(O), S(O) 2 , OP(OR 31 )R 30 , P(O)R 30 ,
  • R 23 and R 25 , R 24 and R 25 , R 25 and R 26 , R 24 and R 26 , and R 23 and R 26 can be independently selected to form a spacer pair wherein a spacer pair is taken together from the points of bonding of selected spacer pair members to form the group L-U-V wherein L, U, and V are independently selected from the group of radicals consisting of 1,2-disubstituted alkylene radicals and 1,2-disubstituted alkenylene radical wherein said 1,2-substitutents are independently selected from C ⁇ O, C ⁇ S, C(R 28 )R 29 , S(O), S(O) 2 , OP(OR 31 )R 30 , P(O)R 30 , P(S)R 30 , and Si(R 28 )R 29 and said alkylene and alkenylene radical are substituted with one or more R 30 or R 31 substituents;
  • Q S is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, (CR 37 R 38 ) b —(W 0 ) az wherein az is an integer selected from 0 through 1, b is an integer selected from 1 through 4, and W 0 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(O), C(S)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(S), OC(O)N(R 14 ), SC(S)N(R 14 ), SC(O)N(R 14 ), OC(S)N(R 14 ), N(R 15 )C(O)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(O)N(R 15 ), N(R 15 )C(S)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(S)N(R 15 ), N(R
  • R 37 and R 37 when bonded to different carbons, can be taken together to form a linear moiety spacer having from 1 through 7 contiguous atoms to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, a cycloalkenyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members;
  • R 37 and R 38 when bonded to different carbons, can be taken together to form a linear moiety spacer having from 1 through 7 contiguous atoms to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, a cycloalkenyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members;
  • R 38 and R 38 when bonded to different carbons, can be taken together to form a linear moiety spacer having from 1 through 7 contiguous atoms to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, a cycloalkenyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members;
  • R 37 and R 38 when bonded to the same carbon, can be taken together to form a group selected from a group consisting of oxo, thiono, alkylene, haloalkylene, and a linear moiety spacer having from 2 through 7 contiguous atoms to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, a cycloalkenyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl ring having from 3 through 8 contiguous members;
  • Y 0 can be Q b —Q SS wherein Q SS is selected from the group consisting of (CR 37 R 38 ) f wherein f is an integer selected from I through 6, (CH(R 14 )) c —W 1 —(CH(R 15 )) d wherein c and d are integers independently selected from 1 through 4, and W 1 is selected from the group consisting of W 1 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(O), C(S)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(S), OC(O)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(O)S, OC(O)
  • Y 0 can be Q b —Q SSS wherein Q SSS is (CH(R 38 )) r —W 3 , r is an integer selected from 1 through 3, and W 3 is selected from the group consisting of 1,1-cyclopropyl, 1,2-cyclopropyl, 1,1-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,4-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4-morpholinyl, 2,5-morpholinyl, 2,6-morpholinyl, 3,4-morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 1,4-piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,5-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidin
  • Y 0 can be Q b —Q SSSr wherein Q SSSr is (CH(R 38 )) r —W 4 , r is an integer selected from 1 through 3, and W 4 is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,4-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4-morpholinyl, 2,5-morpholinyl, 2,6-morpholinyl, 3,4-morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 1,4-piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,5-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidinyl, 1,4-piperidinyl, 2,3-piperidinyl, 2,4-
  • Y 0 can be Q b —Q SSSS wherein Q SSSS is (CH(R 38 )) r —W 5 , r is an integer selected from 1 through 3, and W 5 is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-indenyl, 1,5-indenyl, 1,6-indenyl, 1,7-indenyl, 2,7-indenyl, 2,6-indenyl, 2,5-indenyl, 2,4-indenyl, 3,4-indenyl, 3,5-indenyl, 3,6-indenyl, 3,7-indenyl, 2,4-benzofuranyl, 2,5-benzofuranyl, 2,6-benzofuranyl, 2,7-benzofuranyl, 3,4-benzofuranyl, 3,5-benzofuranyl, 3,6-benzofuranyl, 3,7-benzofuranyl, 2,4-benzothiophenyl, 2,5-benzothiophenyl, 2,6-benzo
  • Y 0 can be Q b —Q SSSSr wherein Q SSSSr is (CH(R 38 ) r —W 6 , r is an integer selected from 1 through 3, and W 6 is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-indenyl, 1,5-indenyl, 1,6-indenyl, 1,7-indenyl, 2,7-indenyl, 2,6-indenyl, 2,5-indenyl, 2,4-indenyl, 3,4-indenyl, 3,5-indenyl, 3,6-indenyl, 3,7-indenyl, 2,4-benzofuranyl, 2,5-benzofuranyl, 2,6-benzofuranyl, 2,7-benzofuranyl, 3,4-benzofuranyl, 3,5-benzofuranyl, 3,6-benzofuranyl, 3,7-benzofuranyl, 2,4-benzothiophenyl, 2,5-benzothiophenyl, 2,6-benz
  • D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one can be a covalent bond, no more than one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be O, no more than one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be S, one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 must be a covalent bond when two of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 are O and S, and no more than four of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be N with the proviso that R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;
  • R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 can independently be Q b ;
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, dialkylsulfonium, trialkylphosphonium, dialkylsulfoniumalkyl, carboxy, heteroaralkylthio, heteroaralkoxy, cycloalkylamino, acylalkyl, acylalkoxy, aryloylalkoxy, heterocyclyloxy, aralkylaryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, aralkynyl, heterocyclyl, perhaloaralkyl, aralkylsulfonyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylsulfonyl, aralkylsulfonyl
  • R 32 and R 33 , R 33 and R 34 , R 34 and R 35 , and R 35 and R 36 can be independently selected to form a spacer pair wherein a spacer pair is taken together to form a linear moiety having from 3 through 6 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding of said spacer pair members to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkenyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, a partially saturated heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, a heteroaryl ring having 5 through 6 contiguous members, and an aryl with the proviso that no more than one of the group consisting of spacer pairs R 32 and R 33 , R 33 and R 34 , R 34 and R 35 , and R 35 and R 36 can be used at the same time;
  • R 9 and R 10 , R 10 and R 11 , R 11 and R 12 , and R 12 and R 13 can be independently selected to form a spacer pair wherein a spacer pair is taken together to form a linear moiety having from 3 through 6 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding of said spacer pair members to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkenyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, a partially saturated heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, a heteroaryl ring having 5 through 6 contiguous members, and an aryl with the proviso that no more than one of the group consisting of spacer pairs R 9 and R 10 , R 10 and R 11 , R 11 and R 12 , and R 12 and R 13 can be used at the same time;
  • B can be selected from the group consisting of C3-C8 alkyl, C3-C8 alkenyl, C3-C8 alkynyl, C3-C8 haloalkyl, and C3-C8 haloalkenyl wherein each member of group B may be optionally substituted at any carbon up to and including 6 atoms from the point of attachment of B to A with one or more of the group consisting of R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 ;
  • B can be selected from the group consisting of C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C5-C10 cycloalkenyl, C4-C9 saturated heterocyclyl, and C4-C9 partially saturated heterocyclyl, wherein each ring carbon may be optionally substituted with R 33 , a ring carbon other than the ring carbon at the point of attachment of B to A may be optionally substituted with oxo provided that no more than one ring carbon is substituted by oxo at the same time, ring carbon and nitrogen atoms adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment may be optionally substituted with R 9 or R 13 , a ring carbon or nitrogen atom adjacent to the R 9 position and two atoms from the point of attachment may be substituted with R 10 , a ring carbon or nitrogen atom adjacent to the R 13 position and two atoms from the point of attachment may be substituted with R 12 , a ring carbon or nitrogen atom three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to
  • A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, (W 7 ) rr —(CH(R 15 )) pa and (CH(R 15 )) pa —(W 7 ) rr wherein rr is an integer selected from 0 through 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 6, and W 7 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)S, C(S)O, C(O)N(R 7 ), C(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O), (R 7 )NC(S), S(O), S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NS(O) 2 , P(O)(R 8 ), N(R 7 )P(O)(R 8 ), P(O)(R 8 )N(R 7 ), C(NR 7 )N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(NR 7 ), and N(R 7
  • R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, alkyl, acyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, and alkoxyalkyl;
  • R 14 , R 15 , R 37 , and R 38 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, halo, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, halocycloalkoxy, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamide, and carboxamidoalkyl;
  • ⁇ is selected from the group consisting of NR 5 , O, C(O), C(S), S, S(O), S(O) 2 , ON(R 5 ), P(O)(R 8 ), and CR 39 R 40 ;
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, acyl, aroyl, and heteroaroyl;
  • R 39 and R 40 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, halo, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, acyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, acylamido, alkoxy, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamide, and carboxamidoalkyl;
  • X 0 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of Z 0 —Q, hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, and halo;
  • X 0 and R 2 can be independently selected from the group consisting of amidino, guanidino, dialkylsulfonium, trialkylphosphonium, dialkylsulfoniumalkyl, heteroarylamino, amino, nitro, alkylamino, arylamino, aralkylamino, alkanoyl, alkenoyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, aralkanoyl, heteroaralkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, hydroxyhaloalkyl, cyano, and phosphono;
  • Z 0 is selected from the group consisting of covalent single bond, (CR 41 R 42 ) q wherein q is an integer selected from 1 through 6, (CH(R 41 )) g —W 0 —(CH(R 42 )) p wherein g and p are integers independently selected from 0 through 3 and W 0 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R 41 ), (R 41 )NC(O), C(S)N(R 41 ), (R 41 )NC(S), OC(O)N(R 41 ), (R 41 )NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R 41 ), (R 41 )NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R 41 ), (R 41 )NC(O)S, OC(S)N(R 41 ), (R 41 )NC(S)O, SC
  • R 41 and R 42 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, halo, cyano, aryloxy, hydroxyalkyl, acyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, aralkoxyalkylalkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, halo
  • D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one can be a covalent bond, no more than one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be O, no more than one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be S, one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 must be a covalent bond when two of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 are O and S, and no more than four of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be N, with the proviso that R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen
  • Q can be formula (III):
  • D 3 , D 4 , J 3 , and J 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, and S, no more than one of D 3 , D 4 , J 3 , and J 4 can be O, no more than one of D 3 , D 4 , J 3 , and J 4 can be S, and no more than three of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , and J 2 can be N with the proviso that R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , and R 12 are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen;
  • Q can be selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkenyl, alkynyl, saturated heterocyclyl, partially saturated heterocyclyl, acyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkenyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, and halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl;
  • K is (CR 4a R 4b ) n wherein n is an integer selected from 1 through 2;
  • R 4a and R 4b are independently selected from the group consisting of halo, hydrido, hydroxy, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, and cyanoalkyl;
  • R 4a and R 4b when bonded to the same carbon, can be taken together to form a group selected from the group consisting of oxo, and a linear spacer moiety having from 2 through 7 contiguous atoms connected to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkyl ring having 3 through 8 contiguous members, a cycloalkenyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members, and a heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members;
  • E 0 is E 1 , when K is (CR 4a R 4b ) n , wherein E 1 is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O), C(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S), OC(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O)S, OC(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S)O, N(R 8 )C(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O)N(R 8 ), N(R 8 )C(S)N(R 7 ), (R 8
  • K can be (CH(R 14 )) j —T wherein j is selected from a integer from 0 through 2 and T is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, O, S, and N(R 7 ) with the proviso that (CH(R 14 )) j is bonded to the pyrone ring;
  • E 0 is E 2 , when K is (CH(R 14 )) j —T, wherein E 2 is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O), C(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S), (R 7 )NC(O)O, (R 7 )NC(S)S, (R 7 )NC(O)S, (R 7 )NC(S)O, N(R 8 )C(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O)N(R 8 ), N(R 8 )C(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S)N(R 8 ), S(O), S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(R 7 ), N(R 7 )S(O)S,
  • K can be G—(CH(R 15 )) k wherein k is selected from an integer from 1 through 2 and G is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N(R 7 ) with the proviso that R 15 is other than hydroxy, cyano, halo, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and sulfhydryl when k is 1;
  • E 0 is E 3 when K is G—(CH(R 15 )) k wherein E 3 is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O), C(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S), OC(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O)S, OC(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S)O, N(R 8 )C(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O)N(R 8 ), N(R 8 )C(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 ), (R
  • Y 0 is formula (IV):
  • D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one can be a covalent bond
  • K 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of C, and N +
  • no more than one of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 can be O
  • no more than one of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 can be S
  • one of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 must be a covalent bond when two of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 are O and S
  • no more than three of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 can be N when K 2 is N +
  • no more than four of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 can be N when K 2 is carbon with the provisos that R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and
  • R 16 and R 17 can be independently taken together to form a linear moiety spacer having from 3 through 6 contiguous atoms connected to form a ring selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkenyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, a partially saturated heterocyclyl ring having from 5 through 8 contiguous members, a heteroaryl having from 5 through 6 contiguous members, and an aryl;
  • Q b is selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , + NR 20 R 21 R 22 , oxy, alkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, aminoalkyl, dialkylsulfoniumalkyl, and acylamino wherein R 20 , R 21 , and R 22 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminoalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl with the provisos that no more than one of R 20 , R 21 , and R 22 can be hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, amino, and dialkylamino and that R 20 , R 21 , and R 22 must be other than be hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, amino, and dialkylamino when K 2 is N + ;
  • R 20 and R 21 , R 20 and R 22 , and R 21 and R 22 can be independently selected to form a spacer pair wherein a spacer pair is taken together to form a linear moiety having from 4 through 7 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding of said spacer pair members to form a heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members with the proviso that no more than one of the group consisting of spacer pairs R 20 and R 21 , R 20 and R 22 , and R 21 and R 22 can be used at the same time;
  • Q b can be selected from the group consisting of N(R 26 )SO 2 N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )C(O)OR 5 , N(R 26 )C(O)SR 5 , N(R 26 )C(S)OR 5 and N(R 26 )C(S)SR 5 with the proviso that no more than one of R 23 , R 24 , and R 26 can be hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, amino, or dialkylamino when two of the group consisting of R 23 , R 24 , and R 26 are bonded to the same atom;
  • Q b can be selected from the group consisting of dialkylsulfonium, trialkylphosphonium, C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )C(O)N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )C(S)N(R 23 )(R 24 ), C(NR 25 )OR 5 , C(O)N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), C(S)N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )N(R 26 )SO 2 N(R 23 )(R 24 ), C(NR 25 )SR 5 , C(O)NR 23 R 24 , and C(O)NR 23 R
  • R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , and R 26 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminoalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl;
  • R 23 and R 24 can be taken together to form a linear spacer moiety having from 4 through 7 contiguous atoms connecting the points of bonding to form a heterocyclyl ring having 5 through 8 contiguous members;
  • Q S is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, (CR 37 R 38 ) b —(W 0 ) az wherein az is an integer selected from 0 through 1, b is an integer selected from 1 through 4, and W 0 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(O), C(S)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(S), OC(O)N(R 14 ), SC(S)N(R 14 ), SC(O)N(R 14 ), OC(S)N(R 14 ), N(R 15 )C(O)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(O)N(R 15 ), N(R 15 )C(S)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(S)N(R 15 ), N(R
  • Y 0 can be Q b —Q SS wherein Q SS is selected from the group consisting of (CR 37 R 38 ) f wherein f is an integer selected from 1 through 6, (CH(R 14 )) c —W 1 —(CH(R 15 )) d wherein c and d are integers independently selected from 1 through 4, and W 1 is selected from the group consisting of W 1 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(O), C(S)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(S), OC(O)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(O)S, OC(O)
  • Y 0 can be Q b —Q SSS wherein Q SSS is (CH(R 38 )) r —W 3 , r is an integer selected from 1 through 3, and W 3 is selected from the group consisting of 1,1-cyclopropyl, 1,2-cyclopropyl, 1,1-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,4-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4-morpholinyl, 2,5-morpholinyl, 2,6-morpholinyl, 3,4morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 1,4-piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,5-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidiny
  • Y 0 can be Q b —Q SSSr wherein Q SSSr is (CH(R 38 )) r —W 4 , r is an integer selected from 1 through 3, and W 4 is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,4-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4-morpholinyl, 2,5-morpholinyl, 2,6-morpholinyl, 3,4-morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 1,4-piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,5-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidinyl, 1,4-piperidinyl, 2,3-piperidinyl, 2,4-
  • Y 0 can be Q b —Q SSSS wherein Q SSSS is (CH(R 38 )) r —W 5 , r is selected from 1 through 3, and W 5 is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-indenyl, 1,5-indenyl, 1,6-indenyl, 1,7-indenyl, 2,7-indenyl, 2,6-indenyl, 2,5-indenyl, 2,4-indenyl, 3,4-indenyl, 3,5-indenyl, 3,6-indenyl, 3,7-indenyl, 2,4-benzofuranyl, 2,5-benzofuranyl, 2,6-benzofuranyl, 2,7-benzofuranyl, 3,4-benzofuranyl, 3,5-benzofuranyl, 3,6-benzofuranyl, 3,7-benzofuranyl, 2,4-benzothiophenyl, 2,5-benzothiophenyl, 2,6-benzothiophenyl
  • Y 0 can be Q b —Q SSSSr wherein Q SSSSr is (CH(R 38 )) r —W 6 , r is an integer selected from 1 through 3, and W 6 is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-indenyl, 1,5-indenyl, 1,6-indenyl, 1,7-indenyl, 2,7-indenyl, 2,6-indenyl, 2,5-indenyl, 2,4-indenyl, 3,4-indenyl, 3,5-indenyl, 3,6-indenyl, 3,7-indenyl, 2,4-benzofuranyl, 2,5-benzofuranyl, 2,6-benzofuranyl, 2,7-benzofuranyl, 3,4-benzofuranyl, 3,5-benzofuranyl, 3,6-benzofuranyl, 3,7-benzofuranyl, 2,4-benzothiophenyl, 2,5-benzothiophenyl, 2,6-
  • D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one can be a covalent bond, no more than one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , and K 1 can be O, no more than one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be S, one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 must be a covalent bond when two of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 are O and S, and no more than four of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be N;
  • R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 can independently be Q b ;
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, dialkylsulfonium, trialkylphosphonium, dialkylsulfoniumalkyl, carboxy, heteroaralkylthio, heteroaralkoxy, cycloalkylamino, acylalkyl, acylalkoxy, aryloylalkoxy, heterocyclyloxy, aralkylaryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, aralkynyl, heterocyclyl, perhaloaralkyl, aralkylsulfonyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylsulfonyl, aralkylsulfonyl
  • B can be selected from the group consisting of C3-C8 alkyl, C3-C8 alkenyl, C3-C8 alkynyl, C3-C8 haloalkyl, and C3-C8 haloalkenyl wherein each member of group B may be optionally substituted at any carbon up to and including 6 atoms from the point of attachment of B to A with one or more of the group consisting of R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 ;
  • B can be selected from the group consisting of C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C5-C10 cycloalkenyl, C4-C9 saturated heterocyclyl, and C4-C9 partially saturated heterocyclyl, wherein each ring carbon may be optionally substituted with R 33 , a ring carbon other than the ring carbon at the point of attachment of B to A may be optionally substituted with oxo provided that no more than one ring carbon is substituted by oxo at the same time, ring carbon and nitrogen atoms adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment may be optionally substituted with R 9 or R 13 , a ring carbon or nitrogen atom adjacent to the R 9 position and two atoms from the point of attachment may be substituted with R 10 , a ring carbon or nitrogen atom adjacent to the R 13 position and two atoms from the point of attachment may be substituted with R 12 , a ring carbon or nitrogen atom three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to
  • A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, (W 7 ) rr —(CH(R 15 )) pa and (CH(R 15 )) pa —(W 7 ) rr wherein rr in is an integer selected from 0 through 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 6, and W 7 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)S, C(S)O, C(O)N(R 7 ), C(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O), (R 7 )NC(S), S(O), S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NS(O) 2 , C(NR 7 )N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(NR 7 ), and N(R 7 );
  • R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, alkyl, and alkoxyalkyl;
  • R 14 , R 15 , R 37 , and R 38 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, halo, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, and haloalkoxyalkyl;
  • ⁇ is selected from the group consisting of NR 5 , O, C(O), C(S), S, S(O), S(O) 2 , and CR 39 R 40 ;
  • R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, and alkoxy;
  • R 39 and R 40 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, halo, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, and haloalkoxyalkyl;
  • X 0 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of Z 0 —Q, hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, and halo;
  • X 0 and R 2 can be independently selected from the group consisting of amidino, guanidino, dialkylsulfonium, trialkylphosphonium, dialkylsulfoniumalkyl, heteroarylamino, amino, nitro, alkylamino, arylamino, aralkylamino, alkanoyl, alkenoyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, aralkanoyl, heteroaralkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, hydroxyhaloalkyl, cyano, and phosphono;
  • Z 0 is selected from the group consisting of covalent single bond, (CR 41 R 42 ) q wherein q is an integer selected from 1 through 2, (CH(R 41 )) g —W 0 —(CH(R 42 )) p wherein g and p are integers independently selected from 0 through 2 and W 0 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R 41 ), (R 41 )NC(O), C(S)N(R 41 ), (R 41 )NC(S), OC(O)N(R 41 ), (R 41 )NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R 41 ), (R 41 )NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R 41 ),(R 41 )NC(O)S, OC(S)N(R 41 ), (R 41 )NC(S)O, SC
  • R 41 and R 42 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, halo, cyano, aryloxy, hydroxyalkyl, acyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, aralkoxyalkylalkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, halo
  • D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one can be a covalent bond, no more than one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be O, no more than one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be S, one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 must be a covalent bond when two of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 are O and S, and no more than four of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be N, with the proviso that R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are each in dependently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature
  • Q can be selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, saturated heterocyclyl, alkyl, partially saturated heterocyclyl, acyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkenyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, haloalkenyloxyalkyl, halocycloalkoxyalkyl, and halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl;
  • K is (CR 4a R 4b ) n wherein n is the integer 1;
  • R 4a and R 4b are independently selected from the group consisting of halo, hydrido, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, and haloalkyl;
  • E 0 is E 1 , when K is (CR 4a R 4b ) n , wherein E 1 is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, O, S, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O), C(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S), OC(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O)S, OC(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S)O, N(R 8 )C(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O)N(R 8 ), N(R 8 )C(S)N(R 7 ), (R 8
  • K can be (CH(R 14 )) j —T wherein j is selected from a integer from 0 through 1 and T is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, O, S, and N(R 7 ) with the proviso that (CH(R 14 )) j is bonded to the pyrone ring;
  • E 0 is E 2 , when K is (CH(R 14 )) j —T, wherein E 2 is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O), C(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S), (R 7 )NC(O)O, (R 7 )NC(S)S, (R 7 )NC(O)S, (R 7 )NC(S)O, N(R 8 )C(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O)N(R 8 ), N(R 8 )C(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S)N(R 8 ), S(O), S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(R 7 ), N(R 7 )S(O)S,
  • K can be G—(CH(R 15 )) k wherein k is the integer 1 and G is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N(R 7 );
  • E 0 is E 3 when K is G—(CH(R 15 )) k wherein E 3 is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, O, S C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O), C(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S), OC(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O)S, OC(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(S)O, N(R 8 )C(O)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O)N(R 8 ), N(R 8 )C(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )
  • Y 0 is formula (IV):
  • D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one can be a covalent bond
  • K 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of C, and N +
  • no more than one of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 can be O
  • no more than one of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 can be S
  • one of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 must be a covalent bond when two of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 are O and S
  • no more than three of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 can be N when K 2 is N +
  • no more than four of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 can be N when K 2 is carbon with the provisos that R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and
  • Q b is selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , + NR 20 R 21 R 22 , oxy, alkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, aminoalkyl, dialkylsulfoniumalkyl, and acylamino wherein R 20 , R 21 , and R 22 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminoalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl with the provisos that no more than one of R 20 , R 21 , and R 22 can be hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, amino, and dialkylamino and that R 20 , R 21 , and R 22 must be other than be hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, amino, and dialkylamino when K 2 is N + ;
  • Q b can be selected from the group consisting of N(R 26 )SO 2 N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )C(O)OR 5 , N(R 26 )C(O)SR 5 , N(R 26 )C(S)OR 5 and N(R 26 )C(S)SR 5 with the proviso that no more than one of R 23 , R 24 , and R 26 can be hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, amino, or dialkylamino when two of the group consisting of R 23 , R 24 , and R 26 are bonded to the same atom;
  • Q b can be selected from the group consisting of dialkylsulfonium, trialkylphosphonium, C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )C(O)N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )C(S)N(R 23 )(R 24 ), C(NR 25 )OR 5 , C(O)N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), C(S)N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )N(R 26 )SO 2 N(R 23 )(R 24 ), C(NR 25 )SR 5 , C(O)NR 23 R 24 , and C(O)NR 23 R
  • R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , and R 26 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminoalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl;
  • Q S is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, (CR 37 R 38 ) b —(W 0 ) az wherein az is an integer selected from 0 through 1, b is an integer selected from 1 through 2, and W 0 is selected from the group consisting of O, S C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(O), C(S)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(S), OC(O)N(R 14 ), SC(S)N(R 14 ), SC(O)N(R 14 ), OC(S)N(R 14 ), N(R 15 )C(O)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(O)N(R 15 ), N(R 15 )C(S)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(S)N(R 15 ), S
  • Y 0 can be Q b —Q SS wherein Q SS is selected from the group consisting of (CR 37 R 38 ) f wherein f is an integer selected from 1 through 4, (CH(R 14 )) c —W 1 —(CH(R 15 )) d wherein c and d are integers independently selected from 1 through 2, and W 1 is selected from the group consisting of W 1 is selected from the group consisting of O, S C(O), C(S), C(O)O, C(S)O, C(O)S, C(S)S, C(O)N(R 14 ), (R 14 ) NC(O), C(S)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(S), OC(O)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(O)O, SC(S)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(S)S, SC(O)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(O)S, OC(O)N
  • Y 0 can be Q b —Q SSS wherein Q SSS is (CH(R 38 )) r —W 3 , r is an integer selected from 1 through 2, and W 3 is selected from the group consisting of 1,1-cyclopropyl, 1,2-cyclopropyl, 1,1-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,4-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4-morpholinyl, 2,5-morpholinyl, 2,6-morpholinyl, 3,4-morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 1,4-piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,5-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidin
  • Y 0 can be Q b —Q SSSr wherein Q SSSr is (CH(R 38 )) r —W 4 , r is an integer selected from 1 through 2, and W 4 is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,4-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4-morpholinyl, 2,5-morpholinyl, 2,6-morpholinyl, 3,4-morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 1,4-piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,5-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidinyl, 1,4-piperidinyl, 2,3-piperidinyl, 2,4-
  • Y 0 can be Q b —Q SSSS wherein Q SSSS is (CH(R 38 )) r —W 5 , r is an integer selected from 1 through 2, and W 5 is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-indenyl, 1,5-indenyl, 1,6-indenyl, 1,7-indenyl, 2,7-indenyl, 2,6-indenyl, 2,5-indenyl, 2,4-indenyl, 3,4-indenyl, 3,5-indenyl, 3,6-indenyl, 3,7-indenyl, 2,4-benzofuranyl, 2,5-benzofuranyl, 2,6-benzofuranyl, 2,7-benzofuranyl, 3,4-benzofuranyl, 3,5-benzofuranyl, 3,6-benzofuranyl, 3,7-benzofuranyl, 2,4-benzothiophenyl, 2,5-benzothiophenyl, 2,6-benzo
  • Y 0 can be Q b —Q SSSSr wherein Q SSSSr is (CH(R 38 )) r —W 6 , r is an integer selected from 1 through 2, and W 6 is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-indenyl, 1,5-indenyl, 1,6-indenyl, 1,7-indenyl, 2,7-indenyl, 2,6-indenyl, 2,5-indenyl, 2,4-indenyl, 3,4-indenyl, 3,5-indenyl, 3,6-indenyl, 3,7-indenyl, 2,4-benzofuranyl, 2,5-benzofuranyl, 2,6-benzofuranyl, 2,7-benzofuranyl, 3,4-benzofuranyl, 3,5-benzofuranyl, 3,6-benzofuranyl, 3,7-benzofuranyl, 2,4-benzothiophenyl, 2,5-benzothiophenyl, 2,6-
  • D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one can be a covalent bond, no more than one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be O, no more than one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be S, one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 must be a covalent bond when two of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 are O and S, and no more than four of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be N;
  • R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 can independently be Q b ;
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, dialkylsulfonium, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkanoyloxy, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxylalkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, thio, nitro, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylthioalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, haloalkylsulfinylalkyl, haloalkylsulfonylalkyl, alkylsulfonamido, alkylaminosulf
  • B can be selected from the group consisting of C3-C8 alkyl, C3-C8 alkenyl, C3-C8 alkynyl, C3-C8 haloalkyl, and C3-C8 haloalkenyl wherein each member of group B may be optionally substituted at any carbon up to and including 6 atoms from the point of attachment of B to A with one or more of the group consisting of R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 ;
  • B can be selected from the group consisting of C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C5-C10 cycloalkenyl, C4-C9 saturated heterocyclyl, and C4-C9 partially saturated heterocyclyl, wherein each ring carbon may be optionally substituted with R 33 , a ring carbon other than the ring carbon at the point of attachment of B to A may be optionally substituted with oxo provided that no more than one ring carbon is substituted by oxo at the same time, ring carbon and nitrogen atoms adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment may be optionally substituted with R 9 or R 13 , a ring carbon or nitrogen atom adjacent to the R 9 position and two atoms from the point of attachment may be substituted with R 10 , a ring carbon or nitrogen atom adjacent to the R 13 position and two atoms from the point of attachment may be substituted with R 12 , a ring carbon or nitrogen atom three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to
  • A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, (W 7 ) rr —(CH(R 15 )) pa and (CH(R 15 )) pa —(W 7 ) rr wherein rr is an integer selected from 0 through 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 6, and W 7 is selected from the group consisting of O, S C(O), C(S), C(O)S, C(S)O, C(O)N(R 7 ), C(S)N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(O), (R 7 )NC(S), S(O), S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NS(O) 2 , C(NR 7 )N(R 7 ), (R 7 )NC(NR 7 ), and N(R 7 );
  • R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, alkyl, and alkoxyalkyl;
  • R 15 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;
  • ⁇ is NH
  • X 0 is hydrido
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of Z 0 —Q, hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, and halo;
  • Z 0 is a covalent single bond
  • Q is formula (II):
  • D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one can be a covalent bond, no more than one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be O, no more than one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be S, one of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 must be a covalent bond when two of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 are O and S, and no more than four of D 1 , D 2 , J 1 , J 2 and K 1 can be N, with the proviso that R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are each independently selected to maintain the tetravalent nature of carbon, trivalent nature of nitrogen, the divalent nature of sulfur, and the divalent nature of oxygen
  • K is CR 4a R 4b ;
  • R 4a and R 4b are independently selected from the group consisting of halo, hydrido, hydroxy, alkyl, and haloalkyl;
  • E 0 is E 1 , when K is CR 4a R 4b , wherein E 1 is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, (O)N(H), (H)NC(O), C(S)N(H), (H)NC(S), S(O) 2 N(H), N(H)S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(H)C(O), and C(O)N(H)S(O) 2 ;
  • K can be (CH(R 14 )) j —T wherein j is selected from an integer from 0 through 1 and T is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond and N(R 7 ) with the proviso that (CH(R 14 )) j is bonded to the pyrone ring;
  • E 0 is E 2 , when K is (CH(R 14 )) j —T, wherein E 2 is selected from the group consisting of C(O)N(H), (H)NC(O), C(S)N(H), (H)NC(S), S(O) 2 N(H), N(H)S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(H)C(O), and C(O)N(H)S(O) 2 ;
  • R 14 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;
  • Y 0 is formula (IV):
  • D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one can be a covalent bond
  • K 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of C, and N +
  • no more than one of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 can be O
  • no more than one of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 can be S
  • one of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 must be a covalent bond when two of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 are O and S
  • no more than three of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 can be N when K 2 is N +
  • no more than four of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 can be N when K 2 is carbon with the provisos that R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and
  • R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, dialkylsulfonium, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, thio, nitro, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, alkenoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, alkenyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboalkoxyalkyl, and cyano;
  • Q b is selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , + NR 20 R 21 R 22 , oxy, alkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, aminoalkyl, dialkylsulfoniumalkyl, and acylamino wherein R 20 , R 21 , and R 22 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminoalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl with the provisos that no more than one of R 20 , R 21 , and R 22 can be hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, amino, and dialkylamino and that R 20 , R 21 , and R 22 must be other than be hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, amino, and dialkylamino when K 2 is N + ;
  • Q b can be N(R 26 )SO 2 N(R 23 )(R 24 ) with the proviso that no more than one of R 23 , R 24 , and R 26 can be hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, amino, or dialkylamino when two of the group consisting of R 23 , R 24 , and R 26 are bonded to the same atom;
  • Q b can be selected from the group consisting of dialkylsulfonium, trialkylphosphonium, C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )C(O)N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )C(S)N(R 23 )(R 24 ), C(O)N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), C(S)N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )N(R 26 )SO 2 N(R 23 )(R 24 ), C(O)NR 23 R 24 , and C(O)NR 23 R 24 with the provisos that no more than one of R 23 , R 24 ), C(
  • R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , and R 26 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminoalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl;
  • Q S is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond and (CR 37 R 38 ) b —(W 0 ) az wherein az is an integer selected from 0 through 1, b is an integer selected from 1 through 2, and W 0 is selected from the group consisting of O, S C(O), S(O) 2 , N(R 14 ), and ON(R 14 ) with the proviso that R 14 is selected from other than halo when directly bonded to N and that (CR 37 R 38 ) b is bonded to E 0 ;
  • R 37 and R 38 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;
  • Y 0 can be Q b —Q SSSS wherein Q SSSS is (CH(R 38 )) r —W 5 , r is an integer selected from 1 through 2, and W 5 is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-indenyl, 1,5-indenyl, 1,6-indenyl, 1,7-indenyl, 2,7-indenyl, 2,6-indenyl, 2,5-indenyl, 2,4-indenyl, 3,4-indenyl, 3,5-indenyl, 3,6-indenyl, 3,7-indenyl, 2,4-benzofuranyl, 2,5-benzofuranyl, 2,6-benzofuranyl, 2,7-benzofuranyl, 3,4-benzofuranyl, 3,5-benzofuranyl, 3,6-benzofuranyl, 3,7-benzofuranyl, 2,4-benzothiophenyl, 2,5-benzothiophenyl, 2,6-benzo
  • Y 0 can be Q b —Q SSSSr wherein Q SSSSr is (CH(R 38 )) r —W 6 , r is an integer selected from 1 through 2, and W 6 is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-indenyl, 1,5-indenyl, 1,6-indenyl, 1,7-indenyl, 2,7-indenyl, 2,6-indenyl, 2,5-indenyl, 2,4-indenyl, 3,4-indenyl, 3,5-indenyl, 3,6-indenyl, 3,7-indenyl, 2,4-benzofuranyl, 2,5-benzofuranyl, 2,6-benzofuranyl, 2,7-benzofuranyl, 3,4-benzofuranyl, 3,5-benzofuranyl, 3,6-benzofuranyl, 3,7-benzofuranyl, 2,4-benzothiophenyl, 2,5-benzothiophenyl, 2,6-
  • B is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment may be substituted by R 32 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment may be substituted by R 36 , a carbon adjacent to R 32 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment may be substituted by R 33 , a carbon adjacent to R 36 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment may be substituted by R 35 , and any carbon adjacent to both R 33 and R 35 may be substituted by R 34 ;
  • R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, dialkylsulfonium, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, thio, nitro, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyhaloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamido, and cyano;
  • R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 can independently be Q b ;
  • B can be selected from the group consisting of C3-C8 alkyl, C3-C8 alkenyl, C3-C8 haloalkyl, and C3-C8 haloalkenyl wherein each member of group B may be optionally substituted at any carbon up to and including 6 atoms from the point of attachment of B to A with one or more of the group consisting of R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 ;
  • B can be selected from the group consisting of C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C5-C10 cycloalkenyl, C4-C9 saturated heterocyclyl, and C4-C9 partially saturated heterocyclyl, wherein each ring carbon may be optionally substituted with R 33 , a ring carbon other than the ring carbon at the point of attachment of B to A may be optionally substituted with oxo provided that no more than one ring carbon is substituted by oxo at the same time, ring carbon and nitrogen atoms adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment may be optionally substituted with R 9 or R 13 , a ring carbon or nitrogen atom adjacent to the R 9 position and two atoms from the point of attachment may be substituted with R 10 , a ring carbon or nitrogen atom adjacent to the R 13 position and two atoms from the point of attachment may be substituted with R 12 , a ring carbon or nitrogen atom three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, dialkylsulfonium, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, thio, nitro, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyhaloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxamido, and cyano;
  • A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, (W 7 ) rr —(CH(R 15 )) pa and (CH(R 15 )) pa —(W 7 ) rr wherein rr is an integer selected from 0 through 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 6, and W 7 is selected from the group consisting of O, S and C(O);
  • R 15 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;
  • ⁇ is NH
  • X 0 is hydrido
  • R 2 is Q, wherein Q is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment may be substituted by R 9 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment may be substituted by R 13 , a carbon adjacent to R 9 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment may be substituted by R 10 , a carbon adjacent to R 13 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment may be substituted by R 12 , and any carbon adjacent to both R 10 and R 12 may be substituted by R 11 ;
  • K is CR 4a R 4b wherein R 4a and R 4b are independently selected from the group consisting of halo and hydrido;
  • E 0 is E 1 , when K is CR 4a R 4b , wherein E 1 is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, (O)N(H), (H)NC(O), S(O) 2 N(H), N(H)S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(H)C(O), and C(O)N(H)S(O) 2 ;
  • K can be (CH(R 14 )) j —T wherein j is selected from an integer from 0 through 1 and T is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond and N(R 7 ) with the proviso that (CH(R 14 )) j is bonded to the pyrone ring;
  • R 7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, alkyl, and alkoxyalkyl;
  • R 14 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido and halo
  • E 0 is E 2 , when K is (CH(R 14 )) j —T, wherein E 2 is selected from the group consisting of C(O)N(H), (H)NC(O), S(O) 2 N(H), N(H)S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(H)C(O), and C(O)N(H)S(O) 2 ;
  • Y 0 is formula (IV):
  • D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and a covalent bond with the provisos that no more than one can be a covalent bond
  • K 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of C, and N +
  • no more than one of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 is O
  • no more than one of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 and J 6 is S
  • one of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 must be a covalent bond when two of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 are O and S
  • no more than three of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 can be N when K 2 is N +
  • no more than four of D 5 , D 6 , J 5 , and J 6 can be N when K 2 is carbon with the provisos that R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are each
  • R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, dialkylsulfonium, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, thio, nitro, lower alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, alkenoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, alkenyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboalkoxyalkyl, and cyano;
  • Q b is selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , + NR 20 R 21 R 22 , oxy, alkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, aminoalkyl, dialkylsulfoniumalkyl, and acylamino wherein R 20 , R 21 , and R 22 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminoalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl with the provisos that no more than one of R 20 , R 21 , and R 22 can be hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, amino, and dialkylamino and that R 20 , R 21 , and R 22 must be other than be hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, amino, and dialkylamino when K 2 is N + ;
  • Q b can be selected from the group consisting of dialkylsulfonium, trialkylphosphonium, C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), C(O)N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )N(R 26 )SO 2 N(R 23 )(R 24 ), C(O)NR 23 R 24 , and C(O)NR 23 R 24 with the provisos that no more than one of R 23 , R 24 , and R 26 can be hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, amino, or dialkylamino when two of the group consisting of R 23 , R 24 , and R 26 are bonded to the same atom and that said Q b group is bonded directly to a carbon
  • R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , and R 26 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminoalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl;
  • Q S is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond and (CR 37 R 38 ) b —(W 0 ) az wherein az is an integer selected from 0 through 1, b is the integer 1, and W 0 is selected from the group consisting of O, S and C(O) with the proviso that (CR 37 R 38 ) b is bonded to E 0 ;
  • R 37 and R 38 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl.
  • B is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-5-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-isothiazolyl, 5-isothiazolyl, 2-oxazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 3-pyridaziny
  • R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, dimethylsulfonium, carboxy, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, methoxyamino, ethoxyamino, thio, nitro, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, N-N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, isopropylthio, trifluoromethylthio, methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-p
  • B can be selected from the group consisting of 1-propenyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-butynyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, 2-methylpropenyl, 1-pentyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 2-pentyl, 1-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-methyl-3-butenyl, 1-methyl-2-butynyl, 3-pentyl, 1-ethyl-2-propenyl, 2-methylbutyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butynyl, 3-methylbutyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl-3-butenyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl,
  • B can be selected from the group consisting of cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetan-2-yl, oxetan-3-yl, azetidin-1-yl, azetidin-2-yl, azetidin-3-yl, thiaetan-2-yl, thiaetan-3-yl, cyclopentyl, cyclopent-2-enyl, cyclopent-3-enyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxycyclohexyl, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxycyclohexyl, 3-trifluoromethylcyclohexyl, 4-trifluoromethylcyclohexyl, 3,5-bis-trifluoromethylcyclohexyl, adamantyl, 3-trifluoromethyladamantyl, norbornyl, 3-trifluoro
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of amidino, guanidino, dimethylsulfonium, methylethylsulfonium, carboxy, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, butoxy, hydroxy, amino, methoxyamino, ethoxyamino, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, N-N-dimethylamino, N-methylamino, N-ethylamino, methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, N,N-dimethylamidosulfonyl, acetyl, propanoyl, butanoyl, trifluoroacetyl
  • A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, O, C(O), CH 2 , CH 3 CH, CF 3 CH, CH 3 CC(O), CF 3 CC(O), C(O)CCH 3 , C(O)CCF 3 , CH 2 C(O), (O)CCH 2 , CH 2 CH 2 , CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 , CH 3 CCH 2 , CF 3 CCH 2 , CH 3 CC(O)CH 2 , CF 3 CC(O)CH 2 , CH 2 C(O)CCH 3 , CH 2 C(O)CCF 3 , CH 2 CH 2 C(O), and CH 2 (O)CCH 2 ;
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-5-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-isothiazolyl, 5-isothiazolyl, 2-oxazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 3-pyridazin
  • K is CR 4a R 4b wherein R 4a and R 4b are independently selected from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, and hydrido;
  • E 0 is E 1 , when K is CR 4a R 4b , wherein E 1 is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, C(O)N(H), (H)NC(O), S(O) 2 N(H), N(H)S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(H)C(O), and C(O)N(H)S(O) 2 ;
  • K can be N(H) and CH 2 N(H);
  • E 0 is E 2 , when K is N(H) and CH 2 N(H), wherein E 2 is selected from the group consisting of C(O)N(H), (H)NC(O), S(O) 2 N(H), N(H)S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(H)C(O), and C(O)N(H)S(O) 2 ;
  • Y 0 is selected from the group of formulas consisting of:
  • R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, dimethylsulfonium, carboxy, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, methoxyamino, ethoxyamino, thio, nitro, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, N-N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, isopropylthio, trifluoromethylthio, methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluor
  • Q b is selected, when bonded to a carbon, from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , + NR 20 R 21 R 22 , dimethylsulfonium, methylethylsulfonium, diethylsulfonium, trimethylphosphonium, C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), C(O)N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )N(R 26 )SO 2 N(R 23 )(R 24 ), C(O)NR 23 R 24 , and C(O)NR 23 R 24 with the provisos that no more than one of R 20 , R 21 , and R 22 can be hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, N-methylamino
  • R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , and R 26 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isopropyl, hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, 2-aminoethyl, 2-(N-methylamino)ethyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 2-(N,N,N-trimethylamino)ethyl, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino, N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(2-aminoethyl)amino, N-methylamino, N-ethylamino, N,N-dimethylamino, N,N-diethylamino, and N,N,N-trimethyl
  • Q b is selected, when bonded to a nitrogen, from the group consisting of oxy, methyl, ethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 2-(N-methylamino)ethyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 2-(N,N,N-trimethylamino)ethyl, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino, N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino, amino, hydroxylamino, N-methoxyamino, N-methylamino, N,N-dimethylamino, and N,N,N-trimethylamino;
  • Q S is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, CH 2 , CH 3 CH, CF 2 , CF 3 CH, CH 2 O, CH 3 C(H)O, CF 3 C(H)O, CH 2 S, CH 3 C(H)S, CF 3 C(H)S, CH 2 C(O), CH 3 C(H)C(O), CF 3 C(H)C(O), and CF 2 C(O) with the proviso that Q S is bonded to E 0 through a carbon atom.
  • B is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, and 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment may be substituted by R 32 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment may be substituted by R 36 , a carbon adjacent to R 32 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment may be substituted by R 33 , a carbon adjacent to
  • R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, dimethylsulfonium, carboxy, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, methoxyamino, ethoxyamino, thio, nitro, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, N-N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, trifluoromethylthio, methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl
  • B can be selected from the group consisting of 1-propenyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, 2-methylpropenyl, 1-pentyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 2-pentyl, 1-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-methyl-3-butenyl, 3-pentyl, 1-ethyl-2-propenyl, 2-methylbutyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butenyl, 3-methylbutyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl-3-butenyl, 2,2-difluoropropyl, 2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 1,1,1,2,2,2-hexafluoropropyl, 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-yl, and 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-2-yl, where
  • B can be selected from the group consisting of cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetan-2-yl, oxetan-3-yl, azetidin-1-yl, azetidin-2-yl, azetidin-3-yl, thiaetan-2-yl, thiaetan-3-yl, wherein each ring carbon may be optionally substituted with R 33 , a ring carbon and nitrogen atoms adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment may be optionally substituted with R 9 or R 13 , a ring carbon or nitrogen atom adjacent to the R 9 position and two atoms from the point of attachment may be substituted with R 10 , and a ring carbon or nitrogen atom adjacent to the R 13 position and two atoms from the point of attachment may be substituted with R 12 ;
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of amidino, guanidino, dimethylsulfonium, carboxy, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, methoxyamino, ethoxyamino, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, N-N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, N,N-dimethylamidosulfonyl, acetyl, propanoyl, trifluoroacetyl, pentafluoropropanoyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl,
  • A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, O, C(O), CH 2 , CH 3 CH, CF 3 CH, CH 3 CC(O), CF 3 CC(O), C C(O)CCH 3 , C(O)CCF 3 , CH 2 C(O), and (O)CCH 2 ;
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, and 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment may be substituted by R 9 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment may be substituted by R 13 , a carbon adjacent to R 9 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment may be substituted by R 10 ,
  • K is CR 4a R 4b wherein R 4a and R 4b are independently selected from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, and hydrido;
  • E 0 is E 1 , when K is CR 4a R 4b , wherein E 1 is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, C(O)N(H), (H)NC(O), S(O) 2 N(H), N(H)S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(H)C(O), and C(O)N(H)S(O) 2 ;
  • K can be N(H) and CH 2 N(H);
  • E 0 is E 2 , when K is N(H) and CH 2 N(H), wherein E 2 is selected from the group consisting of C(O)N(H), (H)NC(O), S(O) 2 N(H), N(H)S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(H)C(O), and C(O)N(H)S(O) 2 ;
  • Y 0 is selected from the group of formulas consisting of:
  • R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, methylthio, ethylthio, trifluoromethylthio, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, fluoro, chloro, bromo, acetyl, propanoyl, trifluoroacetyl, pentafluoropropanoyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, and cyano;
  • Q b is selected, when bonded to a carbon, from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , + NR 20 R 21 R 22 , dimethylsulfonium, methylethylsulfonium, diethylsulfonium, trimethylphosphonium, C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), C(O)N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )N(R 26 )SO 2 N(R 23 )(R 24 ), C(O)NR 23 R 24 , and C(O)NR 23 R 24 with the provisos that no more than one of R 20 , R 21 , and R 22 can be hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, N-methylamino
  • R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , and R 26 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, 2-aminoethyl, 2-(N-methylamino)ethyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 2-(N,N,N-trimethylamino)ethyl, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino, N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(2-aminoethyl)amino, N-methylamino, N,N-dimethylamino, and N,N,N-trimethylamino;
  • Q b is selected, when bonded to a nitrogen, from the group consisting of oxy, methyl, ethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 2-(N-methylamino)ethyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 2-(N,N,N-trimethylamino)ethyl, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino, N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino, amino, hydroxylamino, N-methoxyamino, N-methylamino, N,N-dimethylamino, and N,N,N-trimethylamino;
  • Q S is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, CH 2 , CH 3 CH, CF 2 , CF 3 CH, CH 2 O, CH 3 C(H)O, CF 3 C(H)O, CH 2 S, CH 3 C(H)S, CF 3 C(H)S, CH 2 C(O), CH 3 C(H)C(O), CF 3 C(H)C(O), and CF 2 C(O) with the proviso that Q S is bonded to E 0 through a carbon atom.
  • B is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, and 4-pyridyl, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment may be substituted by R 32 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment may be substituted by R 36 , a carbon adjacent to R 32 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment may be substituted by R 33 , a carbon adjacent to R 36 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment may be substituted by R 35 , and any carbon adjacent to both R 33 and R 35 may be substituted by R 34 ;
  • R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxy, amino, methoxyamino, ethoxyamino, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, N-N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-trifluoromethyl-1-hydroxyethyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, cyano, and Q
  • B can be selected from the group consisting of propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, 1-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-difluoropropyl, 2-trifluoromethyl-3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 1,1,1,2,2,2-hexafluoropropyl, 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-yl, and 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-2-yl, wherein each member of group B may be optionally substituted at any carbon up to and including 5 atoms from the point of attachment of B to A with one or more of the group consisting of R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 ;
  • B can be selected from the group consisting of cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetan-2-yl, oxetan-3-yl, azetidin-1-yl, azetidin-2-yl, azetidin-3-yl, thiaetan-2-yl, thiaetan-3-yl, wherein each ring carbon may be optionally substituted with R 33 , a ring carbon and nitrogen atoms adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment may be optionally substituted with R 9 or R 13 , a ring carbon or nitrogen atom adjacent to the R 9 position and two atoms from the point of attachment may be substituted with R 10 , and a ring carbon or nitrogen atom adjacent to the R 13 position and two atoms from the point of attachment may be substituted with R 12 ;
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of amidino, guanidino, carboxy, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxy, amino, methoxyamino, ethoxyamino, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, N-N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, acetyl, propanoyl, trifluoroacetyl, pentafluoropropanoyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, carboxymethyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, amidocarbonyl, N-methylamidocarbonyl, N,N-dimethylamidocarbonyl, and cyano;
  • A is selected from the group consisting of single covalent bond, O, C(O), CH 2 , CH 2 C(O), and (O)CCH 2 ;
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, and 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment may be substituted by R 9 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment may be substituted by R 13 , a carbon adjacent to R 9 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment may be substituted by R 10 ,
  • K is CR 4a R 4b wherein R 4a and R 4b are independently selected from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, and hydrido;
  • E 0 is E 1 , when K is CR 4a R 4b , wherein E 1 is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, C(O)N(H), (H)NC(O), S(O) 2 N(H), N(H)S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(H)C(O), and C(O)N(H)S(O) 2 ;
  • K can be N(H) and CH 2 N(H);
  • E 0 is E 2 , when K is N(H) and CH 2 N(H), wherein E 2 is selected from the group consisting of C(O)N(H), (H)NC(O), S(O) 2 N(H), N(H)S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(H)C(O), and C(O)N(H)S(O) 2 ;
  • Y 0 is selected from the group of formulas consisting of:
  • R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methoxy, ethoxy, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, fluoro, chloro, bromo, acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, and cyano;
  • Q b is selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , + NR 20 R 21 R 22 , dimethylsulfonium, methylethylsulfonium, diethylsulfonium, trimethylphosphonium, C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), C(O)N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), N(R 26 )N(R 26 )SO 2 N(R 23 )(R 24 ), C(O)NR 23 R 24 , and C(O)NR 23 R 24 with the provisos that no more than one of R 20 , R 21 , and R 22 can be hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, N-methylamino, N,N-dimethyla
  • R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , and R 26 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, 2-aminoethyl, 2-(N-methylamino)ethyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl, 2-(N,N,N-trimethylamino)ethyl, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino, N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(2-aminoethyl)amino, N-methylamino, N,N-dimethylamino, and N,N,N-trimethylamino;
  • Q S is selected from the group consisting of a single covalent bond, CH 2 , CH 3 CH, CF 2 , CF 3 CH, CH 2 O, CH 3 C(H)O, CF 3 C(H)O, CH 2 C(O), CH 3 C(H)C(O), CF 3 C(H)C(O), and CF 2 C(O) with the proviso that Q S is bonded to E 0 through a carbon atom.
  • B is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein a nitrogen with a removable hydrogen or a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment of said phenyl or heteroaryl ring to A is optionally substituted by R 32 , a nitrogen with a removable hydrogen or a carbon at the other position adjacent to the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 36 , a nitrogen with a removable hydrogen or a carbon adjacent to R 32 and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 33 , a nitrogen with a removable hydrogen or a carbon adjacent to R 36 and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 35 , and a nitrogen with a removable hydrogen or a carbon adjacent to both R 33 and R 35 is optionally substituted by R 34 ;
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkylenedioxy, haloalkylthio, alkanoyloxy, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkylalkoxy, aralkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroaralkoxy, heterocyclyloxy, heterocyclylalkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxylalkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, nitro, alkylamino, N-alkyl-N-arylamino, arylamino, aralkylamino, heteroarylamino, heteroaralkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heterocyclyl, heterocycl
  • R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently optionally Q b ;
  • B is optionally selected from the group consisting of hydrido, trialkylsilyl, C2-C8 alkyl, C3-C8 alkylenyl, C3-C8 alkenyl, C3-C8 alkynyl, and C2-C8 haloalkyl, wherein each member of group B is optionally substituted at any carbon up to and including 6 atoms from the point of attachment of B to A with one or more of the group consisting of R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 ;
  • B is optionally a C3-C12 cycloalkyl or C4-C9 saturated heterocyclyl, wherein each ring carbon is optionally substituted with R 33 , a ring carbon other than the ring carbon at the point of attachment of B to A is optionally substituted with oxo provided that no more than one ring carbon is substituted by oxo at the same time, ring carbons and a nitrogen adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment are optionally substituted with R 9 or R 13 , a ring carbon or nitrogen atom adjacent to the R 9 position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R 10 , a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R 13 position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R 12 , a ring carbon or nitrogen three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R 10 position is optionally substituted with R 11 , a ring carbon or nitrogen three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R 10 position is
  • A is selected from the group consisting of a bond, (W 7 ) rr —(CH(R 15 )) pa , and (CH(R 15 )) pa —(W 7 ) rr wherein rr is 0 or 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 6, and W 7 is selected from the group consisting of O, S C(O), (R 7 )NC(O), (R 7 )NC(S), and N(R 7 ) with the proviso that no more than one of the group consisting of rr and pa is 0 at the same time;
  • R 7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, and alkyl
  • R 15 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;
  • ⁇ is NH or NOH
  • X 0 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkylthio, amino, aminoalkyl, alkylamino, amidino, hydroxy, hydroxyamino, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyamino, thiol, and alkylthio;
  • R 2 is Z 0 —Q
  • Z 0 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, (CR 41 R 42 ) q wherein q is an integer selected from 1 through 3, and (CH(R 41 )) g —W 0 —(CH(R 42 )) p wherein g and p are integers independently selected from 0 through 3 and W 0 is selected from the group consisting of O, S C(O), S(O), N(R 41 ), and ON(R 41 );
  • Z 0 is optionally (CH(R 41 )) e —W 22 —(CH(R 42 )) h wherein e and h are independently 0 or 1 and W 22 is selected from the group consisting of CR 41 ⁇ CR 42 , 1,2-cyclopropyl, 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4-morpholinyl, 2,6-morpholinyl, 3,4-morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidinyl, 2,3-piperidinyl, 2,4-piperidinyl, 2,6-piperidinyl, 3,4-piperidinyl, 1,2-pyrrolidiny
  • R 41 and R 42 are independently selected from the group consisting of amidino, hydroxyamino, hydrido, hydroxy, amino, and alkyl;
  • Q is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein a nitrogen with a removable hydrogen or a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment of said phenyl or heteroaryl ring to Z 0 is optionally substituted by R 9 , a nitrogen with a removable hydrogen or a carbon at the other position adjacent to the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 13 , a nitrogen with a removable hydrogen or a carbon adjacent to R 9 and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 10 , a nitrogen with a removable hydrogen or a carbon adjacent to R 13 and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 12 , and a nitrogen with a removable hydrogen or a carbon adjacent to both R 10 and R 12 is optionally substituted by R 11 ;
  • Q is optionally hydrido with the proviso that Z 0 is selected from other than a bond;
  • K is CR 4a R 4b ;
  • R 4a and R 4b are independently selected from the group consisting of halo, hydrido, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, and haloalkyl;
  • E 0 with the proviso that K is CR 4a R 4b , is E 1 wherein E 1 is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, C(O)N(H), (H)NC(O), C(S)N(H), (H)NC(S), S(O) 2 N(H), N(H)S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(H)C(O), and C(O)N(H)S(O) 2 ;
  • K is optionally (CH(R 14 )) j —T wherein j is 0 or 1 and T is a bond or N(R 7 ) with the proviso that (CH(R 14 )) j is bonded to the phenyl ring;
  • R 14 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;
  • E 0 with the proviso that K is (CH(R 14 )) j —T, is E 2 wherein E 2 is selected from the group consisting of C(O)N(H), (H)NC(O), C(S)N(H), (H)NC(S), S(O) 2 N(H), N(H)S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(H)C(O), and C(O)N(H)S(O) 2 ;
  • Y 0 is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein one carbon of said phenyl or said heteroaryl is substituted by Q S , a carbon two or three contiguous atoms from the point of attachment of Q S to said phenyl or said heteroaryl to said phenyl or said heteroaryl is substituted by Q b , a carbon adjacent to the point of attachment of Q S is optionally substituted by R 17 , another carbon adjacent to the point of attachment of Q S is optionally substituted by R 18 , a carbon adjacent to Q b is optionally substituted by R 16 , and another carbon adjacent to Q b is optionally substituted by R 19 ;
  • R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, nitro, alkoxyamino, alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, alkenyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, haloalkoxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, and cyano;
  • R 16 or R 19 is optionally selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), and C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , with the proviso that R 16 , R 19 , and Q b are not simultaneously hydrido;
  • Q b is selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , aminoalkyl, hydrido, N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), and C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , with the proviso that no more than one of R 20 and R 21 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, and dialkylamino at the same time, with the further proviso that no more than one of R 23 and R 24 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, and dialkylamino at the same time;
  • R 20 , R 21 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , and R 26 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, hydroxy, aminoalkyl, amino, dialkylamino, alkylamino, and hydroxyalkyl;
  • Q S is selected from the group consisting of a bond, (CR 37 R 38 ) b wherein b is an integer selected from 1 through 4, and (CH(R 14 )) c —W 1 —(CH(R 15 )) d wherein c and d are integers independently selected from 1 through 3 and W 1 is selected from the group consisting of C(O)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(O), S(O), S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(R 14 ), N(R 14 )S(O) 2 , and N(R 14 ), with the proviso that R 14 is selected from other than halo when directly bonded to N, and with the additional proviso that (CR 37 R 38 ) b and (CH(R 14 )) c are bonded to E 0 ;
  • R 37 and R 38 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, and haloalkyl;
  • R 38 is optionally aroyl or heteroaroyl, wherein R 38 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 ;
  • Y 0 is optionally Y AT wherein Y AT is Q b —Q S ;
  • Y 0 is optionally Q b —Q SS wherein Q SS is(CH(R 14 )) e —W 2 —(CH(R 15 )) h , wherein e and h are independently 1 or 2 and W 2 is CR 4a ⁇ CR 4b , with the proviso that (CH(R 14 )) e is bonded to E 0 ;
  • Y 0 is optionally Q b —Q SSSS or Q b —Q SSSSr wherein Q SSSS is (CH(R 38 )) r —W 5 , Q SSSSr is (CH(R 38 )) r —W 6 , r is 1 or 2, W 5 and W 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of 1,4-indenyl, 1,5-indenyl, 1,6-indenyl, 1,7-indenyl, 2,7-indenyl, 2,6-indenyl, 2,5-indenyl, 2,4-indenyl, 3,4-indenyl, 3,5-indenyl, 3,6-indenyl, 3,7-indenyl, 2,4-benzofuranyl, 2,5-benzofuranyl, 2,6-benzofuranyl, 2,7-benzofuranyl, 3,4-benzofuranyl, 3,5-benzofuranyl, 3,6-benzofuranyl, 3,7-benzofur
  • B is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment of said phenyl or heteroaryl ring to A is optionally substituted by R 32 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 36 , a carbon adjacent to R 32 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 33 , a carbon adjacent to R 36 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 35 , and any carbon adjacent to both R 33 and R 35 is optionally substituted by R 34 ;
  • R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkylenedioxy, haloalkylthio, alkanoyloxy, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, haloalkanoyl, nitro, alkylamino, alkylthio, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, alkylsulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, alkyl, alkenyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyhaloalkyl, aminoalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxamido, cyano,
  • B is optionally selected from the group consisting of hydrido, trialkylsilyl, C2-C8 alkyl, C3-C8 alkylenyl, C3-C8 alkenyl, C3-C8 alkynyl, and C2-C8 haloalkyl, wherein each member of group B is optionally substituted at any carbon up to and including 6 atoms from the point of attachment of B to A with one or more of the group consisting of R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 ;
  • B is optionally a C3-C12 cycloalkyl or a C4-C9 saturated heterocyclyl, wherein each ring carbon is optionally substituted with R 33 , a ring carbon other than the ring carbon at the point of attachment of B to A is optionally substituted with oxo provided that no more than one ring carbon is substituted by oxo at the same time, ring carbons and a nitrogen adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment are optionally substituted with R 9 or R 13 , a ring carbon or nitrogen atom adjacent to the R 9 position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R 10 , a ring carbon or nitrogen atom adjacent to the R 13 position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R 12 , a ring carbon or nitrogen atom three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R 10 position is optionally substituted with R 11 , a ring carbon or nitrogen atom three atoms from the point of attachment
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, alkoxyamino, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, amidino, guanidino, alkylenedioxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkylalkoxy, aralkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroaralkoxy, heterocyclyloxy, heterocyclylalkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, N-alkyl-N-arylamino, arylamino, aralkylamino, heteroarylamino, heteroaralkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heterocyclylalkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, aryls
  • A is bond or (CH(R 15 )) pa —(W 7 ) rr wherein rr is 0 or 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 3, and W 7 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, C(O), (R 7 )NC(O), (R 7 )NC(S), and N(R 7 ), with the proviso that W 7 is bonded to the N(H) on the 4-pyrone ring;
  • R 7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy and alkyl
  • R 15 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;
  • X 0 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, amino, aminoalkyl, alkylamino, amidino, hydroxy, hydroxyamino, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyamino, thiol, and alkylthio;
  • R 2 is Z 0 —Q
  • Z 0 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, (CR 41 R 42 ) q wherein q is I or 2, and (CH(R 41 )) g —W 0 —(CH(R 42 )) p wherein g and p are integers independently selected from 0 through 3 and W 0 is selected from the group consisting of O, S C(O), S(O), N(R 41 ), and ON(R 41 );
  • Z 0 is optionally (CH(R 41 )) e —W 22 —(CH(R 42 )) h wherein e and h are 10 independently 0 or 1 and W 22 is selected from the group consisting of CR 41 ⁇ CR 42 , 1,2-cyclopropyl, 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4-morpholinyl, 2,6-morpholinyl, 3,4-morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidinyl, 2,3-piperidinyl, 2,4-piperidinyl, 2,6-piperidinyl, 3,4-piperidinyl, 1,2-pyrrolidin
  • R 41 and R 42 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, alkyl, and amino;
  • Q is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment of said phenyl or heteroaryl ring to Z 0 is optionally substituted by R 9 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 13 , a carbon adjacent to R 9 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 10 , a carbon adjacent to R 13 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 12 , and any carbon adjacent to both R 10 and R 12 is optionally substituted by R 11 ;
  • Q is optionally hydrido with the proviso that Z 0 is other than a bond
  • K is CR 4a R 4b ;
  • R 4a and R 4b are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, and haloalkyl;
  • E 0 with the proviso that K is CR 4a R 4b , is E 1 wherein E 1 is selected from the group consisting of a covalent single bond, C(O)N(H), (H)NC(O), S(O) 2 N(H), and N(H)S(O) 2 ;
  • K is optionally (CH(R 14 )) j —T wherein j is 0 or 1 and T is a bond or N(R 7 ) with the proviso that (CH(R 14 )) j is bonded to the phenyl ring;
  • R 14 is hydrido or halo
  • E 0 with the proviso that K is (CH(R 14 ) j —T, is E 2 wherein E 2 is selected from the group consisting of C(O)N(H), (H)NC(O), C(S)N(H), (H)NC(S), S(O) 2 N(H), N(H)S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(H)C(O), and C(O)N(H)S(O) 2 ;
  • Y 0 is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein one carbon of said phenyl or said heteroaryl is substituted by Q S , a carbon two or three atoms from the point of attachment of Q S to said phenyl or said heteroaryl is substituted by Q b , a carbon adjacent to the point of attachment of Q S is optionally substituted by R 17 , another carbon adjacent to the point of attachment of Q S is optionally substituted by R 18 , a carbon adjacent to Q b is optionally substituted by R 16 , and another carbon adjacent to Q b is optionally substituted by R 19 ;
  • R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, and cyano;
  • R 16 or R 19 is optionally selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), and C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , with the proviso that R 16 , R 19 , and Q b are not simultaneously hydrido;
  • Q b is selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , hydrido, N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), and C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , with the proviso that no more than one of R 20 and R 21 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, and dialkylamino at the same time, with the further proviso that no more than one of R 23 and R 24 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, and dialkylamino at the same time;
  • R 20 , R 21 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , and R 26 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino;
  • Q S is selected from the group consisting of a bond, (CR 37 R 38 ) b wherein b is an integer selected from 1 through 4, and (CH(R 14 )) c —W 1 —(CH(R 15 )) d wherein c and d are integers independently selected from 1 through 3 and W 1 is selected from the group consisting of C(O)N(R 14 ), (R 14 )NC(O), S(O), S(O) 2 , S(O) 2 N(R 14 ), N(R 14 )S(O) 2 , and N(R 14 ), with the proviso that R 14 is selected from other than halo when directly bonded to N, and with the additional proviso that (CR 37 R 38 ) b and (CR 37 R 38 ) b , and (CH(R 14 )) c are bonded to E 0 ;
  • R 37 and R 38 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, and haloalkyl;
  • R 38 is optionally aroyl or heteroaroyl, wherein R 38 is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 ;
  • Y 0 is optionally Y AT wherein Y AT is Q b —Q S ;
  • Y 0 is optionally Q b —Q SS wherein Q SS is (CH(R 14 )) e —W 2 —(CH(R 15 )) h , wherein e and h are independently 1 or 2 and W 2 is CR 4a ⁇ CR 4b with the proviso that (CH(R 14 )) e is bonded to E 0 .
  • B is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment of said phenyl or heteroaryl ring to A is optionally substituted by R 32 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 36 , a carbon adjacent to R 32 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 33 , a carbon adjacent to R 36 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 35 , and any carbon adjacent to both R 33 and R 35 is optionally substituted by R 34 ;
  • R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, alkylamino, alkylthio, amidosulfonyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyhaloalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxamido, cyano, and Q b ;
  • A is a bond or (CH(R 15 )) pa —(W 7 ) rr wherein rr is 0 or 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 3, and W 7 is (R 7 )NC(O) or N(R 7 );
  • R 7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy and alkyl
  • R 15 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;
  • X 0 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amino, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, aminoalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, and alkylthio;
  • R 2 is Z 0 —Q
  • Z 0 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, CH 2 , CH 2 CH 2 , W 0 —(CH(R 42 )) p wherein p is 0 or 1 and W 0 is selected from the group consisting of O, S and N(R 41 );
  • R 41 and R 42 are independently hydrido or alkyl
  • Q is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment of said phenyl or heteroaryl ring to Z 0 is optionally substituted by R 9 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 13 , a carbon adjacent to R 9 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 10 , a carbon adjacent to R 13 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 12 , and any carbon adjacent to both R 10 and R 12 is optionally substituted by R 11 ;
  • R 9 , R 11 , and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, amino, amidino, guanidino, alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfonamido, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, alkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyhaloalkyl, carboxy, carboxamido, and cyano;
  • R 10 and R 12 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkylalkoxy, aralkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroaralkoxy, heterocyclyloxy, heterocyclylalkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, alkylamino, arylamino, aralkylamino, heteroarylamino, heteroaralkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heterocyclylalkylamino, alkylsulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylamin
  • Y 0 is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein one carbon of said phenyl or said heteroaryl is substituted by Q S , a carbon two or three atoms from the point of attachment of Q S to said phenyl or said heteroaryl is substituted by Q b , a carbon adjacent to the point of attachment of Q S is optionally substituted by R 17 , another carbon adjacent to the point of attachment of Q S is optionally substituted by R 18 , a carbon adjacent to Q b is optionally substituted by R 16 , and another carbon adjacent to Q b is optionally substituted by R 19 ;
  • R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, and cyano;
  • R 16 or R 19 is optionally NR 20 R 21 or C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , with the proviso that R 16 , R 19 , and Q b are not simultaneously hydrido;
  • Q b is selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , hydrido, and C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , with the proviso that no more than one of R 20 and R 21 is hydroxy at the same time and with the further proviso that no more than one of R 23 and R 24 is hydroxy at the same time;
  • R 20 , R 21 , R 23 , R 24 , and R 25 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, and hydroxy;
  • Q S is selected from the group consisting of a bond, CH 2 , and CH 2 CH 2 .
  • B is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, C2-C8 alkyl, C3-C8 alkenyl, C3-C8 alkynyl, and C2-C8 haloalkyl, wherein each member of group B is optionally substituted at any carbon up to and including 6 atoms from the point of attachment of B to A with one or more of the group consisting of R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 35 ;
  • R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, alkylamino, alkylthio, amidosulfonyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyhaloalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxamido, cyano, and Q b ;
  • A is a bond or (CH(R 15 )) pa —(W 7 ) rr wherein rr is 0 or 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 3, and W 7 is (R 7 )NC(O) or N(R 7 );
  • R 7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy and alkyl
  • R 15 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;
  • X 0 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amino, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, aminoalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, and alkylthio;
  • R 2 is Z 0 —Q
  • Z 0 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, CH 2 , CH 2 CH 2 , W 0 —(CH(R 42 )) p wherein p is 0 or 1 and W 0 is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N(R 41 );
  • R 41 and R 42 are independently hydrido or alkyl
  • Q is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment of said phenyl or heteroaryl ring to Z 0 is optionally substituted by R 9 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 13 , a carbon adjacent to R 9 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 10 , a carbon adjacent to R 13 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 12 , and any carbon adjacent to both R 10 and R 12 is optionally substituted by R 11 ;
  • R 9 , R 11 , and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, amino, amidino, guanidino, alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfonamido, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, alkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyhaloalkyl, carboxy, carboxamido, and cyano;
  • R 10 and R 12 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkylalkoxy, aralkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroaralkoxy, heterocyclyloxy, heterocyclylalkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, alkylamino, arylamino, aralkylamino, heteroarylamino, heteroaralkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heterocyclylalkylamino, alkylsulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylamin
  • Y 0 is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein one carbon of said phenyl or said heteroaryl is substituted by Q S , a carbon two or three atoms from the point of attachment of Q S to said phenyl or said heteroaryl is substituted by Q b , a carbon adjacent to the point of attachment of Q S is optionally substituted by R 17 , another carbon adjacent to the point of attachment of Q S is optionally substituted by R 18 , a carbon adjacent to Q b is optionally substituted by R 16 , and another carbon adjacent to Q b is optionally substituted by R 19 ;
  • R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, and cyano;
  • R 16 or R 19 is optionally selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), and C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , with the proviso that R 16 , R 19 , and Q b are not simultaneously hydrido;
  • Q b is selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , hydrido, C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , and N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), with the proviso that no more than one of R 20 and R 21 is hydroxy at the same time and with the further proviso that no more than one of R 23 and R 24 is hydroxy at the same time;
  • R 20 , R 21 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , and R 26 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, and hydroxy;
  • Q S is selected from the group consisting of a bond, CH 2 , and CH 2 CH 2 .
  • B is a C3-C7 cycloalkyl or a C4-C6 saturated heterocyclyl, wherein each ring carbon is optionally substituted with R 33 , a ring carbon other than the ring carbon at the point of attachment of B to A is optionally substituted with oxo provided that no more than one ring carbon is substituted by oxo at the same time, ring carbons and a nitrogen adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment are optionally substituted with R 9 or R 13 , a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R 9 position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R 10 , a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R 13 position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R 12 , a ring carbon or nitrogen three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R 10 position is optionally substituted with R 11 , a ring carbon or nitrogen three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R 12 position
  • R 9 , R 11 , and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, amino, amidino, guanidino, alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfonamido, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, alkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyhaloalkyl, carboxy, carboxamido, and cyano;
  • R 10 and R 12 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkylalkoxy, aralkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroaralkoxy, heterocyclyloxy, heterocyclylalkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, alkylamino, arylamino, aralkylamino, heteroarylamino, heteroaralkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heterocyclylalkylamino, alkylsulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfinyl, cycloalkylamin
  • R 33 and R 34 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, alkylamino, alkylthio, amidosulfonyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyhaloalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxamido, and cyano;
  • R 33 is optionally Q b ;
  • A is a bond or (CH(R 15 )) pa —(W 7 ) rr wherein rr is 0 or 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 3, and W 7 is (R 7 )NC(O) or N(R 7 );
  • R 7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy and alkyl
  • R 15 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;
  • X 0 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amino, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, aminoalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, and alkylthio;
  • R 2 is Z—Q
  • Z 0 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, CH 2 , CH 2 CH 2 , W 0 —(CH(R 42 )) p wherein p is 0 or 1 and W 0 is selected from the group consisting of O, S and N(R 41 );
  • R 41 and R 42 are independently hydrido or alkyl
  • Q is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment of said phenyl or heteroaryl ring to Z 0 is optionally substituted by R 9 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 13 , a carbon adjacent to R 9 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 10 , a carbon adjacent to R 13 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 12 , and any carbon adjacent to both R 10 and R 12 is optionally substituted by R 11 ;
  • Y 0 is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein one carbon of said phenyl or said heteroaryl is substituted by Q S , a carbon two or three atoms from the point of attachment of Q S to said phenyl or said heteroaryl is substituted by Q b , a carbon adjacent to the point of attachment of Q S is optionally substituted by R 17 , another carbon adjacent to the point of attachment of Q S is optionally substituted by R 18 , a carbon adjacent to Q b is optionally substituted by R 16 , and another carbon adjacent to Q b is optionally substituted by R 19 ;
  • R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, and cyano;
  • R 16 or R 19 is optionally NR 20 R 21 or and C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , with the proviso that R 16 , R 19 , and Q b are not simultaneously hydrido;
  • Q b is selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , hydrido, and C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , with the proviso that no more than one of R 20 and R 21 is hydroxy at the same time and with the further proviso that no more than one of R 23 and R 24 is hydroxy at the same time;
  • R 20 , R 21 , R 23 , R 24 , and R 25 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, and hydroxy;
  • Q S is selected from the group consisting of a bond, CH 2 , and CH 2 CH 2 .
  • B is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, trialkylsilyl, C2-C4 alkyl, C3-C5 alkylenyl, C3-C4 alkenyl, C3-C4 alkynyl, and C2-C4 haloalkyl, wherein each member of group B is optionally substituted at any carbon up to and including 3 atoms from the point of attachment of B to A with one or more of the group consisting of R 32 , R 33 , and R 34 ;
  • R 32 , R 33 , and R 34 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, alkylamino, alkylthio, amidosulfonyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyhaloalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxamido, and cyano;
  • A is (CH(R 15 )) pa —N(R 7 ) wherein pa is an integer selected from 0 through 2 and R 7 is hydrido or alkyl;
  • R 15 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;
  • X 0 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amino, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, aminoalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, and alkylthio;
  • R 2 is Z 0 —Q
  • Z 0 is a bond or CH 2 ;
  • Q is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment of said phenyl or heteroaryl ring to Z 0 is optionally substituted by R 9 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 13 , a carbon adjacent to R 9 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 10 , a carbon adjacent to R 13 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 12 , and any carbon adjacent to both R 10 and R 12 is optionally substituted by R 11 ;
  • R 9 , R 11 , and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, amino, amidino, guanidino, alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfonamido, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, alkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyhaloalkyl, carboxy, carboxamido, and cyano;
  • R 10 and R 12 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkylalkoxy, aralkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroaralkoxy, heterocyclyloxy, heterocyclylalkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, alkylamino, arylamino, aralkylamino, heteroarylamino, heteroaralkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heterocyclylalkylamino, alkylsulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfinyl, cycloalkylamin
  • Y 0 is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein one carbon of said phenyl or said heteroaryl is substituted by Q S , a carbon two or three atoms from the point of attachment of Q S to said phenyl or said heteroaryl is substituted by Q b , a carbon adjacent to the point of attachment of Q S is optionally substituted by R 17 , another carbon adjacent to the point of attachment of Q S is optionally substituted by R 18 , a carbon adjacent to Q b is optionally substituted by R 16 , and another carbon adjacent to Q b is optionally substituted by R 19 ;
  • R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, and cyano;
  • R 16 or R 19 is optionally selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), and C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , with the proviso that R 16 , R 19 , and Q b are not simultaneously hydrido;
  • Q b is selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , hydrido, C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , and N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), with the proviso that no more than one of R 20 and R 21 is hydroxy at the same time and with the further proviso that no more than one of R 23 and R 24 is hydroxy at the same time;
  • R 20 , R 21 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , and R 26 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, and hydroxy;
  • Q S is selected from the group consisting of a bond, CH 2 , and CH 2 CH 2 .
  • B is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment of said phenyl or heteroaryl ring to A is optionally substituted by R 32 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 36 , a carbon adjacent to R 32 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 33 , a carbon adjacent to R 36 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 35 , and any carbon adjacent to both R 33 and R 35 is optionally substituted by R 34 ;
  • R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkylenedioxy, haloalkylthio, alkanoyloxy, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, haloalkanoyl, nitro, alkylamino, alkylthio, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, alkylsulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, alkyl, alkenyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkylamino, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxamido, cyano, and Q b ;
  • B is optionally selected from the group consisting of hydrido, trialkylsilyl, C2-C8 alkyl, C3-C8 alkylenyl, C3-C8 alkenyl, C3-C8 alkynyl, and C2-C8 haloalkyl, wherein each member of group B is optionally substituted at any carbon up to and including 6 atoms from the point of attachment of B to A with one or more of the group consisting of R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 ;
  • B is optionally a C3-C12 cycloalkyl or a C4-C9 saturated heterocyclyl, wherein each ring carbon is optionally substituted with R 33 , a ring carbon other than the ring carbon at the point of attachment of B to A is optionally substituted with oxo provided that no more than one ring carbon is substituted by oxo at the same time, ring carbons and a nitrogen adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment are optionally substituted with R 9 or R 13 , a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R 9 position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R 10 , a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R 13 position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R 12 , a ring carbon or nitrogen three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R 10 position is optionally substituted with R 11 , a ring carbon or nitrogen three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R 10 position is
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, alkoxyamino, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, amidino, guanidino, alkylenedioxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkylalkoxy, aralkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroaralkoxy, heterocyclyloxy, heterocyclylalkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, N-alkyl-N-arylamino, arylamino, aralkylamino, heteroarylamino, heteroaralkylamino, heterocyclylamino, heterocyclylalkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, aryls
  • A is a bond or (CH(R 15 )) pa —(W 7 ) rr wherein rr is 0 or 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 3, and W 7 is selected from the group consisting of O, S C(O), (R 7 )NC(O), (R 7 )NC(S), and N(R 7 );
  • R 7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy and alkyl
  • R 15 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;
  • X 0 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amino, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, aminoalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, and alkylthio;
  • R 2 is Z 0 —Q
  • Z 0 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, (CR 41 R 42 ) q wherein q is 1 or 2, and (CH(R 41 )) g —W 0 —(CH(R 42 )) p wherein g and p are integers independently selected from 0 through 3 and W 0 is selected from the group consisting of O, S C(O), S(O), N(R 41 ), and ON(R 41 );
  • Z 0 is optionally (CH(R 41 )) e —W 22 —(CH(R 42 )) h wherein e and h are independently 0 or 1 and W 22 is selected from the group consisting of CR 41 ⁇ CR 42 , 1,2-cyclopropyl, 1,2-cyclobutyl, 1,2-cyclohexyl, 1,3-cyclohexyl, 1,2-cyclopentyl, 1,3-cyclopentyl, 2,3-morpholinyl, 2,4-morpholinyl, 2,6-morpholinyl, 3,4-morpholinyl, 3,5-morpholinyl, 1,2-piperazinyl, 1,3-piperazinyl, 2,3-piperazinyl, 2,6-piperazinyl, 1,2-piperidinyl, 1,3-piperidinyl, 2,3-piperidinyl, 2,4-piperidinyl, 2,6-piperidinyl, 3,4-piperidinyl, 1,2-pyrrolidiny
  • Q is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment of said phenyl or heteroaryl ring to Z 0 is optionally substituted by R 9 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 13 , a carbon adjacent to R 9 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 10 , a carbon adjacent to R 13 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 12 , and any carbon adjacent to both R 10 and R 12 is optionally substituted by R 11 , with the proviso that Q is other than a phenyl when Z 0 is a bond;
  • K is CHR 4a wherein R 4a is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, and haloalkyl;
  • E 0 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, C(O)N(H), (H)NC(O), (R 7 )NS(O) 2 , and S(O) 2 N(R 7 );
  • Y AT is Q b —Q S ;
  • Q S is (CR 37 R 38 ) b wherein b is an integer selected from 1 through 4, R 37 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl and haloalkyl, and R 38 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, haloalkyl, aroyl, and heteroaroyl with the proviso that there is at least one aroyl or heteroaroyl substituent, with the further proviso that no more than one aroyl or heteroaroyl is bonded to (CR 37 R 38 ) b at the same time, with the still further proviso that said aroyl and said heteroaroyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 , with another further proviso that said aroyl and said heteroaroyl are bonded to the CR 37 R 38 that is directly bonded to E 0 , with still another further proviso
  • R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, and cyano;
  • R 16 or R 19 is optionally selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), and C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , with the proviso that R 16 , R 19 , and Q b are not simultaneously hydrido;
  • Q b is selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , hydrido, N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), and C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , with the proviso that no more than one of R 20 and R 21 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, and dialkylamino at the same time and with the further proviso that no more than one of R 23 and R 24 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, and dialkylamino at the same time;
  • R 20 , R 21 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , and R 26 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino and dialkylamino.
  • B is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment of said phenyl or heteroaryl ring to A is optionally substituted by R 32 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 36 , a carbon adjacent to R 32 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 33 , a carbon adjacent to R 36 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 35 , and any carbon adjacent to both R 33 and R 35 is optionally substituted by R 34 ;
  • R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, alkylamino, alkylthio, amidosulfonyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxamido, cyano, and Q b ;
  • A is a bond or (CH(R 15 )) pa —(W 7 ) rr wherein rr is 0 or 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 3, and W 7 is N(R 7 );
  • R 7 is hydrido or alkyl
  • R 15 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;
  • X 0 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, aminoalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl;
  • R 2 is Z 0 —Q
  • Z 0 is a bond
  • Q is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment of said phenyl or heteroaryl ring to Z 0 is optionally substituted by R 9 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 13 , a carbon adjacent to R 9 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 10 , a carbon adjacent to R 13 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 12 , and any carbon adjacent to both R 10 and R 12 is optionally substituted by R 11 ;
  • R 9 , R 11 , and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, amino, amidino, guanidino, alkylamino, alkylthio, alkoxy, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, carboxy, carboxamido, and cyano;
  • R 10 and R 12 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyamino, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, alkylsulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxamido, carboxyalkyl, and cyano;
  • Y 0 is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein one carbon of said phenyl or said heteroaryl is substituted by Q S , a carbon two or three atoms from the point of attachment of Q S to said phenyl or said heteroaryl is substituted by Q b , a carbon adjacent to the point of attachment of Q S is optionally substituted by R 17 , another carbon adjacent to the point of attachment of Q S is optionally substituted by R 18 , a carbon adjacent to Q b is optionally substituted by R 16 , and another carbon adjacent to Q b is optionally substituted by R 19 ;
  • R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, and cyano;
  • R 16 or R 19 is optionally NR 20 R 21 or C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , with the proviso that R 16 , R 19 , and Q b are not simultaneously hydrido;
  • Q b is selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , hydrido, and C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 ;
  • R 20 , R 21 , R 23 , R 24 , and R 25 are independently hydrido or alkyl; Q S is CH 2 .
  • B is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, C2-C8 alkyl, C3-C8 alkenyl, C3-C8 alkynyl, and C2-C8 haloalkyl, wherein each member of group B is optionally substituted at any carbon up to and including 6 atoms from the point of attachment of B to A with one or more of the group consisting of R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 ;
  • R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, alkylamino, alkylthio, amidosulfonyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxamido, cyano, and Q b ;
  • A is a bond or (CH(R 15 )) pa —(W 7 ) rr wherein rr is 0 or 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 3, and W 7 is N(R 7 );
  • R 7 is hydrido or alkyl
  • R 15 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;
  • X 0 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, aminoalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl;
  • R 2 is Z 0 —Q
  • Z 0 is a bond
  • Q is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment of said phenyl or heteroaryl ring to Z 0 is optionally substituted by R 9 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 13 , a carbon adjacent to R 9 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 10 , a carbon adjacent to R 13 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 12 , and any carbon adjacent to both R 10 and R 12 is optionally substituted by R 11 ;
  • R 9 , R 11 , and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, amino, amidino, guanidino, alkylamino, alkylthio, alkoxy, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, carboxy, carboxamido, and cyano;
  • R 10 and R 12 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyamino, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, alkylsulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxamido, carboxyalkyl, and cyano;
  • Y 0 is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein one carbon of said phenyl or said heteroaryl is substituted by Q S , a carbon two or three atoms from the point of attachment of Q S to said phenyl or said heteroaryl is substituted by Q b a carbon adjacent to the point of attachment of Q S is optionally substituted by R 17 , another carbon adjacent to the point of attachment of Q S is optionally substituted by R 18 , a carbon adjacent to Q b is optionally substituted by R 16 , and another carbon adjacent to Q b is optionally substituted by R 19 ;
  • R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, and cyano;
  • R 16 or R 19 is optionally selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), and C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , with the proviso that R 16 , R 19 , and Q b are not simultaneously hydrido;
  • Q b is selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , hydrido, N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), and C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 ;
  • R 20 , R 21 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , and R 26 are independently hydrido or alkyl;
  • Q S is CH 2 .
  • B is a C3-C7 cycloalkyl or a C4-C6 saturated heterocyclyl, wherein each ring carbon is optionally substituted with R 33 , a ring carbon other than the ring carbon at the point of attachment of B to A is optionally substituted with oxo provided that no more than one ring carbon is substituted by oxo at the same time, ring carbons and a nitrogen adjacent to the carbon atom at the point of attachment are optionally substituted with R 9 or R 13 , a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R 9 position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R 10 , a ring carbon or nitrogen adjacent to the R 13 position and two atoms from the point of attachment is optionally substituted with R 12 , a ring carbon or nitrogen three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R 10 position is optionally substituted with R 11 , a ring carbon or nitrogen three atoms from the point of attachment and adjacent to the R 12 position
  • R 9 , R 11 , and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, amino, amidino, guanidino, alkylamino, alkylthio, alkoxy, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, amidosulfonyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, carboxy, carboxamido, and cyano;
  • R 10 and R 12 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyamino, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, alkylsulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxamido, carboxyalkyl, and cyano;
  • R 33 and R 34 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, acetamido, haloacetamido, amidino, guanidino, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkoxyamino, alkylamino, alkylthio, amidosulfonyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxamido, and cyano;
  • R 33 is optionally Q b ;
  • A is a bond or (CH(R 15 )) pa —(W 7 ) rr wherein rr is 0 or 1, pa is an integer selected from 0 through 3, and W 7 is N(R 7 );
  • R 7 is hydrido or alkyl
  • R 15 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, halo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;
  • X 0 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, aminoalkyl, and hydroxyalkyl;
  • R 2 is Z 0 —Q
  • Z 0 is a bond
  • Q is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment of said phenyl or heteroaryl ring to Z 0 is optionally substituted by R 9 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 13 , a carbon adjacent to R 9 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 10 , a carbon adjacent to R 13 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 12 , and any carbon adjacent to both R 10 and R 12 is optionally substituted by R 11 ;
  • Y 0 is phenyl or a heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring members, wherein one carbon of said phenyl or said heteroaryl is substituted by Q S , a carbon two or three atoms from the point of attachment of Q S to said phenyl or said heteroaryl is substituted by Q b , a carbon adjacent to the point of attachment of Q S is optionally substituted by R 17 , another carbon adjacent to the point of attachment of Q S is optionally substituted by R 18 , a carbon adjacent to Q b is optionally substituted by R 16 , and another carbon adjacent to Q b is optionally substituted by R 19 ;
  • R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, haloalkylthio, alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkanoyl, haloalkanoyl, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, and cyano;
  • R 16 or R 19 is optionally NR 20 R 21 or C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , with the proviso that R 16 , R 19 , and Q b are not simultaneously hydrido;
  • Q b is selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , hydrido, and C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 ;
  • R 20 , R 21 , R 23 , R 24 , and R 25 are independently hydrido or alkyl;
  • Q is CH 2 .
  • B is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-5-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-isothiazolyl, 5-isothiazolyl, 2-oxazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 3-pyridaziny
  • R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, methoxyamino, ethoxyamino, acetamido, trifluoroacetamido, nitro, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, isopropylthio, trifluoromethylthio, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 1,1,2,2-
  • B is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, trimethylsilyl, ethyl, 2-propenyl, 2-propynyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-butynyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, 2-methylpropenyl, 1-pentyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 2-pentyl, 1-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-methyl-3-butenyl, 1-methyl-2-butynyl, 3-pentyl, 1-ethyl-2-propenyl, 2-methylbutyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butynyl, 3-methylbutyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methylbutyl, 3-methyl-2-buteny
  • B is optionally selected from the group consisting of cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetan-2-yl, oxetan-3-yl, azetidin-1-yl, azetidin-2-yl, azetidin-3-yl, thiaetan-2-yl, thiaetan-3-yl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, 3-trifluoromethylnorbornyl, 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl, bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-6-yl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, 2-morpholinyl, 3-morpholinyl, 4-morpholinyl, 1-piperazinyl, 2-piperazinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 2-piperidinyl, 3-piperidinyl, 4-piperidinyl, 1-pipe
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, carboxymethyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, methoxyamino, ethoxyamino, acetamido, trifluoroacetamido, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, methanesulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, N,N-dimethylamidosulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl, methoxycarbonyl
  • A is selected from the group consisting of a bond, O, S NH, N(CH 3 ), N(OH), C(O), CH 2 , CH 3 CH, CF 3 CH, NHC(O), N(CH 3 )C(O), C(O)NH, C(O)N(CH 3 ), CF 3 CC(O), C(O)CCH 3 , C(O)CCF 3 , CH 2 C(O), (O)CCH 2 , CH 2 CH 2 , CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 , CH 3 CHCH 2 , CF 3 CHCH 2 , CH 3 CC(O)CH 2 , CF 3 CC(O)CH 2 , CH 2 C(O)CCH 3 , CH 2 C(O)CCF 3 , CH 2 CH 2 C(O), and CH 2 (O)CCH 2 ;
  • A is optionally selected from the group consisting of CH 2 N(CH 3 ), CH 2 N(CH 2 CH 3 ), CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 3 ), and CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 CH 3 ) with the proviso that B is hydrido;
  • X o is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, amino, thiol, amidino, hydroxyamino, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, 3-aminopropyl, 2-aminopropyl, methylamino, dimethylamino, cyano, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, butyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, methoxyamino, ethoxyamino, methylthio, ethylthio, trifluoromethoxy
  • R 2 is Z 0 —Q
  • Z 0 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, CH 2 , CH 2 CH 2 , O, S, NH, N(CH 3 ), CH(OH), OCH 2 , SCH 2 , N(H)CH 2 , CH 2 O, CH 2 S, CH 2 N(H), CH(NH 2 ), CH 2 CH(OH), CH 2 CHNH 2 , CH(OH)CH 2 , and CH(NH 2 )CH 2 ;
  • Q is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-5-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 3-isothiazolyl, 5-isothiazolyl, 2-oxazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 3-pyridazinyl,
  • K is CR 4a R 4b wherein R 4a and R 4b are independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, fluoro, chloro, hydroxy, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, methoxymethyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoromethyl, methylthiomethyl, and hydrido;
  • E 0 is a bond, C(O)N(H), (H)NC(O), and S(O) 2 N(H);
  • Y 0 is selected from the group of formulas consisting of:
  • R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, methoxyamino, ethoxyamino, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, N-N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, isopropylthio, trifluoromethylthio, methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-p
  • Q b is selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , hydrido, C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 and N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), with the proviso that no more than one of R 20 and R 21 is hydroxy, N-methylamino, and N,N-dimethylamino at the same time and that no more than one of R 23 and R 24 is hydroxy, N-methylamino, and N,N-dimethylamino at the same time;
  • R 20 , R 21 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , and R 26 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isopropyl, hydroxy, 2-aminoethyl, 2-(N-methylamino)ethyl, and 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl;
  • Q S is selected from the group consisting of a bond, CH 2 , CH 2 CH 2 , CH 3 CH, CF 3 CH, CH 3 CHCH 2 , CF 3 CHCH 2 , CH 2 (CH 3 )CH, CH ⁇ CH, CF ⁇ CH, C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CH, CH ⁇ CHCH 2 , CF ⁇ CHCH 2 , C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CHCH 2 , CH 2 CH ⁇ CH, CH 2 CF ⁇ CH, CH 2 C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CH, CH 2 CH ⁇ CHCH 2 , CH 2 CF ⁇ CHCH 2 , CH 2 C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CHCH 2 , CH 2 CH ⁇ CHCH 2 CH 2 , CH 2 CF ⁇ CHCH 2 , and CH 2 C(CH 3 ) ⁇ CHCH 2 CH 2 .
  • B is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, and 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment of said phenyl or heteroaryl ring to A is optionally substituted by R 32 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 36 , a carbon adjacent to R 32 and two atoms from the carbon
  • R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, methoxyamino, ethoxyamino, acetamido, trifluoroacetamido, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, isopropylthio, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, fluoro, chloro, bromo, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, N,N-dimethylamidosulf
  • A is selected from the group consisting of a bond, NH, N(CH 3 ), N(OH), CH 2 , CH 3 CH, CF 3 CH, NHC(O), N(CH 3 )C(O), C(O)NH, C(O)N(CH 3 ), CH 2 CH 2 , CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 , CH 3 CHCH 2 , and CF 3 CHCH 2 ;
  • R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, carboxy, amidino, guanidino, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, isopropylthio, trifluoromethylthio, methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 1,
  • R 16 or R 19 is optionally C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 with the proviso that R 16 , R 19 , and Q b are not simultaneously hydrido;
  • Q b is C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 or hydrido, with the proviso that no more than one of R 23 and R 24 is hydroxy at the same time;
  • R 23 , R 24 , and R 25 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, and hydroxy.
  • B is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, ethyl, 2-propynyl, 2-propenyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-butynyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, 2-methylpropenyl, 1-pentyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 2-pentyl, 1-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-methyl-3-butenyl, 1-methyl-2-butynyl, 3-pentyl, 1-ethyl-2-propenyl, 2-methylbutyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butynyl, 3-methylbutyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methylbutyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methylbuty
  • R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, methoxyamino, ethoxyamino, acetamido, trifluoroacetamido, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, isopropylthio, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, fluoro, chloro, bromo, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, N,N-dimethylamidosulf
  • A is selected from the group consisting of bond, NH, N(CH 3 ), N(OH), CH 2 , CH 3 CH, CF 3 CH, NHC(O), N(CH 3 )C(O), C(O)NH, C(O)N(CH 3 ), CH 2 CH 2 , CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 , CH 3 CHCH 2 , and CF 3 CHCH 2 ;
  • R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, carboxy, amidino, guanidino, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, isopropylthio, trifluoromethylthio, methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 1,
  • R 16 or R 19 is optionally selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , and N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), with the proviso that R 16 , R 19 , and Q b are not simultaneously hydrido;
  • Q b is selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , hydrido, C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , and N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 ), with the proviso that no more than one of R 20 and R 21 is hydroxy at the same time and with the further proviso that no more than one of R 23 and R 24 is hydroxy at the same time;
  • R 20 , R 21 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , and R 26 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isopropyl, and hydroxy.
  • B is selected from the group consisting of cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetan-3-yl, azetidin-1-yl, azetidin-2-yl, azetidin-3-yl, thiaetan-3-yl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, norbornyl, 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl, bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-6-yl, cycloheptyl, 2-morpholinyl, 3-morpholinyl, 4-morpholinyl, 1-piperazinyl, 2-piperidinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 2-piperidinyl, 3-piperidinyl, 4-piperidinyl, 1-pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolidinyl, 3-pyrrolidinyl, 2-dioxanyl, 4H-2-pyranyl, 4H-3-pyranyl, 4H-4
  • R 33 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, methoxyamino, ethoxyamino, acetamido, trifluoroacetamido, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, isopropylthio, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, fluoro, chloro, bromo, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, N,N-dimethylamidosulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxye
  • A is selected from the group consisting of a bond, NH, N(CH 3 ), N(OH), CH 2 , CH 3 CH, CF 3 CH, NHC(O), N(CH 3 )C(O), C(O)NH, C(O)N(CH 3 ), CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 , CH 3 CHCH 2 , and CF 3 CHCH 2 ;
  • R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl, carboxy, amidino, guanidino, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, isopropylthio, trifluoromethylthio, methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 1,
  • R 16 or R 19 is optionally C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 with the proviso that R 16 , R 19 , and Q b are not simultaneously hydrido;
  • Q b is C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 or hydrido, with the proviso that no more than one of R 23 and R 24 is hydroxy at the same time;
  • R 23 , R 24 , and R 25 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, and hydroxy.
  • X o is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, hydroxy, amino, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, methoxy, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, methylthio, ethylthio, trifluoromethoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, fluoro, chloro, and bromo;
  • R 2 is Z 0 —Q
  • Z 0 is selected from the group consisting of a bond, CH 2 , CH 2 CH 2 , O, S, NH, N(CH 3 ), OCH 2 , SCH 2 , N(H)CH 2 , and N(CH 3 )CH 2 ;
  • Q is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, and 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment of said phenyl or heteroaryl ring to Z 0 is optionally substituted by R 9 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 13 , a carbon adjacent to R 9 and two atoms from
  • R 9 , R 11 , and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, N-methylamino, N,N-dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, isopropylthio, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, trifluoromethoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, fluoro, chloro, bromo, methanesulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, N,N-dimethylamidosulfonyl,
  • R 10 and R 12 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, carboxy, carboxymethyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, hydroxy, amino, methoxyamino, ethoxyamino, acetamido, trifluoroacetamido, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, N-ethylamino, methanesulfonamido, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, N,N-dimethylamidosulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, amidocarbonyl
  • Y 0 is selected from the group of formulas consisting of:
  • Q S is selected from the group consisting of a bond, CH 2 and CH 2 CH 2 .
  • B is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, and 5-isoxazolyl, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment of said phenyl or heteroaryl ring to A is optionally substituted by R 32 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 36 , a carbon adjacent to R 32 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 33 , a carbon adjacent to R 36 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 35 , and any carbon adjacent to both R 33 and R 35 is optionally substituted by R 34 ;
  • R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxy, amino, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, methoxyamino, methylthio, ethylthio, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, amidocarbonyl, carboxy, cyano, and Q b ;
  • A is selected from the group consisting of a bond, NH, N(CH 3 ), CH 2 , CH 3 CH, and CH 2 CH 2 ;
  • Q b is NR 20 R 21 or C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 ;
  • R 20 , R 21 , R 23 , R 24 , and R 25 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, and ethyl.
  • B is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, ethyl, 2-propenyl, 2-propynyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, 2-butenyl, 2-butynyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, 2-methylpropenyl, 1-pentyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methylbutyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 4-hexynyl, 2-hexyl, 1-methyl-2-pentenyl, 1-methyl-3-pentenyl, 1-methyl-2-pentynyl, 1-
  • R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , and R 36 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxy, amino, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, methoxyamino, methylthio, ethylthio, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, amidocarbonyl, carboxy, cyano, and Q b ;
  • A is selected from the group consisting of a bond, NH, N(CH 3 ), CH 2 , CH 3 CH, and CH 2 CH 2 ;
  • A is optionally selected from the group consisting of CH 2 N(CH 3 ), CH 2 N(CH 2 CH 3 ), CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 3 ), and CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 CH 3 ) with the proviso that B is hydrido;
  • Q b is selected from the group consisting of NR 20 R 21 , C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 , and N(R 26 )C(NR 25 )N(R 23 )(R 24 );
  • R 20 , R 21 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , and R 26 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, and ethyl.
  • B is selected from the group consisting of cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, oxalan-2-yl, 2-(2R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]-heptyl, oxetan-3-yl, azetidin-1-yl, azetidin-2-yl, azetidin-3-yl, bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-6-yl, 2-morpholinyl, 3-morpholinyl, 4-morpholinyl, 1-piperazinyl, 2-piperazinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 2-piperidinyl, 3-piperidinyl, 4-piperidinyl, 1-pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolidinyl, 3-pyrrolidinyl, 2-dioxanyl, 2-tetrahydrofuranyl, 3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2-tetrahydr
  • R 33 is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, guanidino, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, methoxyamino, methylthio, ethylthio, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, amidocarbonyl, cyano, and Q b ;
  • A is selected from the group consisting of a bond, NH, N(CH 3 ), CH 2 , CH 3 CH, CH 2 CH 2 , and CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 ;
  • Q b is NR 20 R 21 or C(NR 25 )NR 23 R 24 ;
  • R 20 , R 21 , R 23 , R 24 , and R 25 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, and ethyl.
  • X o is selected from the group consisting of hydrido, aminomethyl, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, chloro, and fluoro;
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-thienyl, 2-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 2-pyridyl, and 3-pyridyl, wherein a carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment of said phenyl or heteroaryl ring to the 4-pyrone ring is optionally substituted by R 9 , the other carbon adjacent to the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 13 , a carbon adjacent to R 9 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 10 , a carbon adjacent to R 13 and two atoms from the carbon at the point of attachment is optionally substituted by R 12 , and any carbon adjacent to both R 10 and R 12 is optionally substituted by R 11 ;
  • R 9 , R 11 , and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxy, amino, N-methylamino, N,N-dimethylamino, methylthio, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo, amidosulfonyl, N-methylamidosulfonyl, N,N-dimethylamidosulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, amidocarbonyl, N-methylamidocarbonyl, carboxy, and cyano;
  • R 10 and R 12 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, amidino, amidocarbonyl, N-methylamidocarbonyl, N-benzylamidocarbonyl, N-(2-chlorobenzyl)amidocarbonyl, N-(3-fluorobenzyl)amidocarbonyl, N-(2-trifluoromethylbenzyl)amidocarbonyl, N-(1-phenylethyl)amidocarbonyl, N-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)amidocarbonyl, N-benzylamidosulfonyl, N-(2-chlorobenzyl)amidosulfonyl, N-ethylamidocarbonyl, N-isopropylamidocarbonyl, N-propylamidocarbonyl, N-isobutylamidocarbonyl, N-(2-butyl)amidocarbonyl, N-cyclobuty
  • Y 0 is selected from the group of formulas consisting of:
  • R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrido, methyl, ethyl, amidino, guanidino, methoxy, hydroxy, amino, aminomethyl, 1-aminoethyl, 2-aminoethyl, N-methylamino, dimethylamino, methylthio, ethylthio, trifluoromethylthio, methylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethexy, fluoro, chloro, hydroxymethyl, carboxy, and cyano;
  • Q S is CH 2 .
  • the compounds of this invention can be used in anticoagulant therapy for the treatment and prevention of a variety of thrombotic conditions including coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease.
  • the compounds of this invention can be used to inhibit serine protease associated with the coagulation cascade and factors II, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, or XII.
  • the compounds of the invention can inhibit the formation of blood platelet aggregates, inhibit the formation of fibrin, inhibit thrombus formation, and inhibiting embolus formation in a mammal, in blood, in blood products, and in mammalian organs.
  • the compounds also can be used for treating or preventing unstable angina, refractory angina, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attacks, atrial fibrillation, thrombotic stroke, embolic stroke, deep vein thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, ocular build up of fibrin, and reocclusion or restenosis of recanalized vessels in a mammal.
  • the compounds can also be used in prophylactic treatment of subjects who are at risk of developing such disorders.
  • the compounds can be used to lower the risk of atherosclerosis.
  • the compounds of Formula (I) would also be useful in prevention of cerebral vascular accident (CVA) or stroke.
  • these compounds are also useful for veterinary treatment of companion animals, exotic animals and farm animals, including mammals, rodents, and the like. More preferred animals include horses, dogs, and cats.
  • Standard single letter elemental symbols are used to represent specific types of atoms unless otherwise defined.
  • the symbol “C” represents a carbon atom.
  • the symbol “O” represents an oxygen atom.
  • the symbol “N” represents a nitrogen atom.
  • the symbol “P” represents a phosphorus atom.
  • the symbol “S” represents a sulfur atom.
  • the symbol “H” represents a hydrogen atom. Double letter elemental symbols are used as defined for the elements of the periodical table (i.e., Cl represents chlorine, Se represents selenium, etc.).
  • alkyl either alone or within other terms such as “haloalkyl” and “alkylthio”, means an acyclic alkyl radical containing from 1 to about 10, preferably from 3 to about 8 carbon atoms and more preferably 3 to about 6 carbon atoms. Said alkyl radicals may be optionally substituted with groups as defined below.
  • radicals include methyl, ethyl, chloroethyl, hydroxyethyl, n-propyl, oxopropyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, cyanobutyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, aminopentyl, iso-amyl, hexyl, octyl and the like.
  • alkenyl refers to an unsaturated, acyclic hydrocarbon radical in so much as it contains at least one double bond.
  • alkenyl radicals contain from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably from about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms and more preferably 3 to about 6 carbon atoms.
  • Said alkenyl radicals may be optionally substituted with groups as defined below.
  • alkenyl radicals examples include propenyl, 2-chloropropenyl, buten-1-yl, isobutenyl, penten-4-yl, 2-2-methylbuten-1-yl, 3-methylbuten-1-yl, hexen-1-yl, 3-hydroxyhexen-1-yl, hepten-1-yl, and octen-1-yl, and the like.
  • alkynyl refers to an unsaturated, acyclic hydrocarbon radical in so much as it contains one or more triple bonds, such radicals containing about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably having from about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms and more preferably having 3 to about 6 carbon atoms. Said alkynyl radicals may be optionally substituted with groups as defined below.
  • alkynyl radicals examples include ethynyl, propynyl, hydroxypropynyl, butyn-1-yl, butyn-2-yl, pentyn-1-yl, pentyn-2-yl, 4-methoxypentyn-2-yl, 3-methylbutyn-1-yl, hexyn-1-yl, hexyn-2-yl, hexyn-3-yl, 3,3-dimethylbutyn-1-yl radicals and the like.
  • hydro denotes a single hydrogen atom (H).
  • This hydrido radical may be attached, for example, to an oxygen atom to form a “hydroxyl” radical, one hydrido radical may be attached to a carbon atom to form a “methine” radical —CH ⁇ , or two hydrido radicals may be attached to a carbon atom to form a “methylene” (—CH 2 —) radical.
  • carbon radical denotes a carbon atom without any covalent bonds and capable of forming four covalent bonds.
  • cyano denotes a carbon radical having three of four covalent bonds shared by a nitrogen atom.
  • hydroxyalkyl embraces radicals wherein any one or more of the alkyl carbon atoms is substituted with a hydroxyl as defined above. Specifically embraced are monohydroxyalkyl, dihydroxyalkyl and polyhydroxyalkyl radicals.
  • alkanoyl embraces radicals wherein one or more of the terminal alkyl carbon atoms are substituted with one or more carbonyl radicals as defined below. Specifically embraced are monocarbonylalkyl and dicarbonylalkyl radicals. Examples of monocarbonylalkyl radicals include formyl, acetyl, and pentanoyl. Examples of dicarbonylalkyl radicals include oxalyl, malonyl, and succinyl.
  • alkylene radical denotes linear or branched radicals having from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms and having attachment points for two or more covalent bonds. Examples of such radicals are methylene, ethylene, methylethylene, and isopropylidene.
  • alkenylene radical denotes linear or branched radicals having from 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and having attachment points for two or more covalent bonds.
  • alkenylene radicals are 1,1-vinylidene (CH 2 ⁇ C), 1,2-vinylidene (—CH ⁇ CH—), and 1,4-butadienyl (—CH ⁇ CH—CH ⁇ CH—).
  • halo means halogens such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atoms.
  • haloalkyl embraces radicals wherein any one or more of the alkyl carbon atoms is substituted with halo as defined above. Specifically embraced are monohaloalkyl, dihaloalkyl and polyhaloalkyl radicals.
  • a monohaloalkyl radical for one example, may have either a bromo, chloro or a fluoro atom within the radical.
  • Dihalo radicals may have two or more of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals and polyhaloalkyl radicals may have more than two of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals.
  • haloalkyl radicals are “haloalkyl” radicals having one to about six carbon atoms.
  • haloalkyl radicals include fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, trifluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoropropyl, difluorochloromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, difluoroethyl, difluoropropyl, dichloroethyl and dichloropropyl.
  • hydroxyhaloalkyl embraces radicals wherein any one or more of the haloalkyl carbon atoms is substituted with hydroxy as defined above.
  • examples of “hydroxyhaloalkyl” radicals include hexafluorohydroxypropyl.
  • haloalkylene radical denotes alkylene radicals wherein any one or more of the alkylene carbon atoms is substituted with halo as defined above.
  • Dihalo alkylene radicals may have two or more of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals and polyhaloalkylene radicals may have more than two of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals.
  • More preferred haloalkylene radicals are “haloalkylene” radicals having one to about six carbon atoms. Examples of “haloalkylene” radicals include difluoromethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, alkyl substituted monofluoromethylene, and aryl substituted trifluoromethylene.
  • haloalkenyl denotes linear or branched radicals having from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms and having one or more double bonds wherein any one or more of the alkenyl carbon atoms is substituted with halo as defined above.
  • Dihaloalkenyl radicals may have two or more of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals and polyhaloalkenyl radicals may have more than two of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals.
  • alkoxy and “alkoxyalkyl” embrace linear or branched oxy-containing radicals each having alkyl portions of one to about ten carbon atoms, such as methoxy radical.
  • alkoxyalkyl also embraces alkyl radicals having one or more alkoxy radicals attached to the alkyl radical, that is, to form monoalkoxyalkyl and dialkoxyalkyl radicals. More preferred alkoxy radicals are “alkoxy” radicals having one to six carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, isopropoxy and tert-butoxy alkyls.
  • alkoxy radicals may be further substituted with one or more halo atoms, such as fluoro, chloro or bromo, to provide “haloalkoxy” and “haloalkoxyalkyl” radicals.
  • haloalkoxy radicals include fluoromethoxy, chloromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, fluoroethoxy, tetrafluoroethoxy, pentafluoroethoxy, and fluoropropoxy.
  • haloalkoxyalkyl radicals include fluoromethoxymethyl, chloromethoxyethyl, trifluoromethoxymethyl, difluoromethoxyethyl, and trifluoroethoxymethyl.
  • alkenyloxy and “alkenyloxyalkyl” embrace linear or branched oxy-containing radicals each having alkenyl portions of two to about ten carbon atoms, such as ethenyloxy or propenyloxy radical.
  • alkenyloxyalkyl also embraces alkenyl radicals having one or more alkenyloxy radicals attached to the alkyl radical, that is, to form monoalkenyloxyalkyl and dialkenyloxyalkyl radicals. More preferred alkenyloxy radicals are “alkenyloxy” radicals having two to six carbon atoms.
  • radicals examples include ethenyloxy, propenyloxy, butenyloxy, and isopropenyloxy alkyls.
  • the “alkenyloxy” radicals may be further substituted with one or more hale atoms, such as fluoro, chloro or bromo, to provide “haloalkenyloxy” radicals.
  • hale atoms such as fluoro, chloro or bromo
  • examples of such radicals include trifluoroethenyloxy, fluoroethenyloxy, difluoroethenyhloxy, and fluoropropenyloxy.
  • haloalkoxyalkyl also embraces alkyl radicals having one or more haloalkoxy radicals attached to the alkyl radical, that is, to form monohaloalkoxyalkyl and dihaloalkoxyalkyl radicals.
  • haloalkenyloxy also embraces oxygen radicals having one or more haloalkenyloxy radicals attached to the oxygen radical, that is, to form monohaloalkenyloxy and dihaloalkenyloxy radicals.
  • haloalkenyloxyalkyl also embraces alkyl radicals having one or more haloalkenyloxy radicals attached to the alkyl radical, that is, to form monohaloalkenyloxyalkyl and dihaloalkenyloxyalkyl radicals.
  • alkylenedioxy radicals denotes alkylene radicals having at least two oxygens bonded to a single alkylene group.
  • alkylenedioxy radicals include methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, alkylsubstituted methylenedioxy, and arylsubstituted methylenedioxy.
  • haloalkylenedioxy radicals denotes haloalkylene radicals having at least two oxy groups bonded to a single haloalkyl group.
  • haloalkylenedioxy radicals include difluoromethylenedioxy, tetrafluoroethylenedioxy, tetrachloroethylenedioxy, alkylsubstituted monofluoromethylenedioxy, and arylsubstituted monofluoromethylenedioxy.
  • aryl alone or in combination, means a carbocyclic aromatic system containing one, two or three rings wherein such rings may be attached together in a pendant manner or may be fused.
  • fused means that a second ring is present (i.e., attached or formed) by having two adjacent atoms in common (i.e., shared) with the first ring.
  • fused is equivalent to the term “condensed”.
  • aryl embraces aromatic radicals such as phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indane and biphenyl.
  • perhaloaryl embraces aromatic radicals such as phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indane and biphenyl wherein the aryl radical is substituted with 3 or more halo radicals as defined below.
  • heterocyclyl embraces saturated and partially saturated heteroatom-containing ring-shaped radicals having from 4 through 15 ring members, herein referred to as “C4-C15 -heterocyclyl”, selected from carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen, wherein at least one ring atom is a heteroatom.
  • Heterocyclyl radicals may contain one, two or three rings wherein such rings may be attached in a pendant manner or may be fused.
  • saturated heterocyclic radicals include saturated 3 to 6-membered heteromonocylic group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms [e.g.
  • partially saturated heterocyclyl radicals include dihydrothiophene, dihydropyran, dihydrofuran and dihydrothiazole.
  • heterocyclic radicals include 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, pyrrolindinyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, piperidinyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, morpholinyl, 1,4-dithianyl, thiomorpholinyl, and the like. Said “heterocyclyl” group may be substituted as defined herein.
  • Preferred heterocyclic radicals include five to twelve membered fused or unfused radicals.
  • heteroaryl embraces fully unsaturated heteroatom-containing ring-shaped aromatic radicals having from 4 through 15 ring members selected from carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen, wherein at least one ring atom is a heteroatom.
  • Heteroaryl radicals may contain one, two or three rings wherein such rings may be attached in a pendant manner or may be fused.
  • heteroaryl radicals include the unsaturated heteromonocyclyl group of 5 to 6 contiguous members containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, for example, pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazolyl [e.g., 4H-1,2,4-triazolyl, 1H-1,2,3-triazolyl, 2H-1,2,3-triazolyl, etc.] tetrazolyl [e.g.
  • benzoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, etc.] unsaturated 5 to 6-membered heteromonocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl [e.g., 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl, etc.] etc.; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic group containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms [e.g., benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, etc.] and the like.
  • the term also embraces radicals where heterocyclic radicals are fused with aryl radicals.
  • fused bicyclic radicals examples include benzofuran, benzothiophene, and the like.
  • Said “heteroaryl” group may be substituted as defined herein.
  • Preferred heteroaryl radicals include five and six membered unfused radicals.
  • heteroaryl radicals include 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-5-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 3-isothiazolyl, 5-isothiazolyl, 2-oxazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl,
  • alkylsulfonyl embraces alkyl radicals attached to a sulfonyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above.
  • Alkylsulfonylalkyl embraces alkylsulfonyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above.
  • Haloalkylsulfonyl embraces haloalkyl radicals attached to a sulfonyl radical, where haloalkyl is defined as above.
  • Haloalkylsulfonylalkyl embraces haloalkylsulfonyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above.
  • amidosulfonyl embraces amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, monocycloalkylamino, alkyl cycloalkylamino, dicycloalkylamino, N-alkyl-N-arylamino, arylamino, aralkylamino, nitrogen containing heterocyclyl, heterocyclylamino, N-alkyl-N-heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, and heteroaralkylamino radicals, attached to one of two unshared bonds in a sulfonyl radical.
  • alkylsulfinyl denotes respectively divalent radicals —S(O)—.
  • Alkylsulfinyl embraces alkyl radicals attached to a sulfinyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above.
  • Alkylsulfinylalkyl embraces alkylsulfinyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above.
  • Haloalkylsulfinyl embraces haloalkyl radicals attached to a sulfinyl radical, where haloalkyl is defined as above.
  • Haloalkylsulfinylalkyl embraces haloalkylsulfinyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above.
  • aralkyl embraces aryl-substituted alkyl radicals.
  • Preferable aralkyl radicals are “aralkyl” radicals having aryl radicals attached to alkyl radicals having one to six carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals include benzyl, diphenylmethyl, triphenylmethyl, phenylethyl and diphenylethyl. The terms benzyl and phenylmethyl are interchangeable.
  • heteroarylkyl embraces heteroaryl-substituted alkyl radicals wherein the heteroaralkyl radical may be additionally substituted with three or more substituents as defined above for aralkyl radicals.
  • perhaloaralkyl embraces aryl-substituted alkyl radicals wherein the aralkyl radical is substituted with three or more halo radicals as defined above.
  • aralkylsulfinyl embraces aralkyl radicals attached to a sulfinyl radical, where aralkyl is defined as above.
  • Aralkylsulfinylalkyl embraces aralkylsulfinyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above.
  • aralkylsulfonyl embraces aralkyl radicals attached to a sulfonyl radical, where aralkyl is defined as above.
  • Aralkylsulfonylalkyl embraces aralkylsulfonyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above.
  • cycloalkyl embraces radicals having three to 15 carbon atoms. More preferred cycloalkyl radicals are “cycloalkyl” radicals having three to seven carbon atoms. Examples include radicals such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl. The term cycloalkyl embraces radicals having seven to 15 carbon atoms and having two to four rings. Examples include radicals such as norbornyl (i.e., bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl) and adamantyl.
  • cycloalkylalkyl embraces cycloalkyl-substituted alkyl radicals.
  • Preferable cycloalkylalkyl radicals are “cycloalkylalkyl” radicals having cycloalkyl radicals attached to alkyl radicals having one to six carbon atoms. Examples of such radicals include cyclohexylhexyl.
  • cycloalkenyl embraces radicals having three to ten carbon atoms and one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
  • Preferred cycloalkenyl radicals are “cycloalkenyl” radicals having three to seven carbon atoms.
  • halocycloalkyl embraces radicals wherein any one or more of the cycloalkyl carbon atoms is substituted with halo as defined above. Specifically embraced are monohalocycloalkyl, dihalocycloalkyl and polyhalocycloalkyl radicals.
  • a monohalocycloalkyl radical for one example, may have either a bromo, chloro or a fluoro atom within the radical.
  • Dihalo radicals may have two or more of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals and polyhalocycloalkyl radicals may have more than two of the same halo atoms or a combination of different halo radicals. More preferred halocycloalkyl radicals are “halocycloalkyl” radicals having three to about eight carbon atoms. Examples of such halocycloalkyl radicals include fluorocyclopropyl, difluorocyclobutyl, trifluorocyclopentyl, tetrafluorocyclohexyl, and dichlorocyclopropyl.
  • halocycloalkenyl embraces radicals wherein any one or more of the cycloalkenyl carbon atoms is substituted with halo as defined above. Specifically embraced are monohalocycloalkenyl, dihalocycloalkenyl and polyhalocycloalkenyl radicals.
  • cycloalkoxy embraces cycloalkyl radicals attached to an oxy radical. Examples of such radicals includes cyclohexoxy and cyclopentoxy.
  • cycloalkoxyalkyl also embraces alkyl radicals having one or more cycloalkoxy radicals attached to the alkyl radical, that is, to form monocycloalkoxyalkyl and dicycloalkoxyalkyl radicals. Examples of such radicals include cyclohexoxyethyl.
  • cycloalkoxy radicals may be further substituted with one or more halo atoms, such as fluoro, chloro or bromo, to provide “halocycloalkoxy” and “halocycloalkoxyalkyl” radicals.
  • cycloalkylalkoxy embraces cycloalkyl radicals attached to an alkoxy radical. Examples of such radicals includes cyclohexylmethoxy and cyclopentylmethoxy.
  • cycloalkenyloxy embraces cycloalkenyl radicals attached to an oxy radical. Examples of such radicals includes cyclohexenyloxy and cyclopentenyloxy.
  • cycloalkenyloxyalkyl also embraces alkyl radicals having one or more cycloalkenyloxy radicals attached to the alkyl radical, that is, to form monocycloalkenyloxyalkyl and dicycloalkenyloxyalkyl radicals. Examples of such radicals include cyclohexenyloxyethyl.
  • cycloalkenyloxy radicals may be further substituted with one or more halo atoms, such as fluoro, chloro or bromo, to provide “halocycloalkenyloxy” and “halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl” radicals.
  • cycloalkylenedioxy radicals denotes cycloalkylene radicals having at least two oxygens bonded to a single cycloalkylene group.
  • alkylenedioxy radicals include 1,2-dioxycyclohexylene.
  • cycloalkylsulfinyl embraces cycloalkyl radicals attached to a sulfinyl radical, where cycloalkyl is defined as above.
  • Cycloalkylsufiniylalkyl embraces cycloalkylsulfinyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above.
  • Cycloalkylsulfonyl embraces cycloalkyl radicals attached to a sulfonyl radical, where cycloalkyl is defined as above.
  • Cycloalkylsulfonylalkyl embraces cycloalkylsulfonyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above.
  • cycloalkylalkanoyl embraces radicals wherein one or more of the cycloalkyl carbon atoms are substituted with one or more carbonyl radicals as defined below. Specifically embraced are monocarbonylcycloalkyl and dicarbonylcycloalkyl radicals. Examples of monocarbonylcycloalkyl radicals include cyclohexylcarbonyl, cyclohexylacetyl, and cyclopentylcarbonyl. Examples of dicarbonylcycloalkyl radicals include 1,2-dicarbonylcyclohexane.
  • alkylthio embraces radicals containing a linear or branched alkyl radical, of one to ten carbon atoms, attached to a divalent sulfur atom. More preferred alkylthio radicals are “alkylthio” radicals having one to six carbon atoms. An example of “alkylthio” is methylthio (CH 3 —S—). The “alkylthio” radicals may be further substituted with one or more halo atoms, such as fluoro, chloro or bromo, to provide “haloalkylthio” radicals.
  • radicals include fluoromethylthio, chloromethylthio, trifluoromethylthio, difluoromethylthio, tnifluoroethylthio, fluoroethylthio, tetrafluoroethylthio, pentafluoroethylthio, and fluoropropylthio.
  • alkyl aryl amino embraces radicals containing a linear or branched alkyl radical, of one to ten carbon atoms, and one aryl radical both attached to an amino radical. Examples include N-methylmethoxyaniline, N-ethylmethoxyaniline, and N-methyltrifluoromethoxyaniline.
  • alkylamino denotes “monoalkylamino” and “dialkylamino” containing one or two alkyl radicals, respectively, attached to an amino radical.
  • One or two alkyl radicals of the alkylamino may be optionally substituted with hydrogen bonding substitutents selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, amidino, guanidino, thiol, and alkoxy provided the alkyl radicals comprises two or more carbons.
  • arylamino denotes “monoarylamino” and “diarylamino” containing one or two aryl radicals, respectively, attached to an amino radical. Examples of such radicals include N-phenylamino and N-naphthylamino.
  • aralkylamino embraces aralkyl radicals attached to an amino radical, where aralkyl is defined as above.
  • aralkylamino denotes “monoaralkylamino” and “diaralkylamino” containing one or two aralkyl radicals, respectively, attached to an amino radical.
  • aralkylamino further denotes “monoaralkyl monoalkylamino” containing one aralkyl radical and one alkyl radical attached to an amino radical.
  • arylsulfinyl embraces radicals containing an aryl radical, as defined above, attached to a divalent S(O) atom.
  • arylsulfinylalkyl denotes arylsulfinyl radicals attached to a linear or branched alkyl radical, of one to ten carbon atoms.
  • arylsulfonyl embraces aryl radicals attached to a sulfonyl radical, where aryl is defined as above.
  • arylsulfonylalkyl embraces arylsulfonyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above.
  • heteroarylsulfinyl embraces radicals containing an heteroaryl radical, as defined above, attached to a divalent S(O) atom.
  • heteroarylsulfinylalkyl denotes heteroarylsulfinyl radicals attached to a linear or branched alkyl radical, of one to ten carbon atoms.
  • Heteroarylsulfonyl embraces heteroaryl radicals attached to a sulfonyl radical, where heteroaryl is defined as above.
  • Heteroarylsulfonylalkyl embraces heteroarylsulfonyl radicals attached to an alkyl radical, where alkyl is defined as above.
  • aryloxy embraces aryl radicals, as defined above, attached to an oxygen atom.
  • radicals include phenoxy, 4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy, 4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy, 3-chloroethylphenoxy, 3,4-dichlorophenoxy, 4-methylphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 4-fluorophenoxy, 3,4-dimethylphenoxy, 5-bromo-2-fluorophenoxy, 4-bromo-3-fluorophenoxy, 4-fluoro-3-methylphenoxy, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyloxy, 3-isopropylphenoxy, 3-cyclopropylphenoxy, 3-ethylphenoxy, 3-pentafluoroethylphenoxy, 3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-phenoxy, and 4-tert -butylphenoxy.
  • aroyl embraces aryl radicals, as defined above, attached to an carbonyl radical as defined above. Examples of such radicals include benzoyl and toluoyl.
  • aralkanoyl embraces aralkyl radicals, as defined herein, attached to an carbonyl radical as defined above. Examples of such radicals include, for example, phenylacetyl.
  • aralkoxy embraces oxy-containing aralkyl radicals attached through an oxygen atom to other radicals. More preferred aralkoxy radicals are “aralkoxy” radicals having phenyl radicals attached to alkoxy radical as described above. Examples of such radicals include benzyloxy, 1-phenylethoxy, 3-trifluoromethoxybenzyloxy, 3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, 3,5-difluorobenyloxy, 3-bromobenzyloxy, 4-propylbenzyloxy, 2-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy, and 2-phenylethoxy.
  • aryloxyalkyl embraces aryloxy radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. Examples of such radicals include phenoxymethyl.
  • haloaryloxyalkyl embraces aryloxyalkyl radicals, as defined above, wherein one to five halo radicals are attached to an aryloxy group.
  • heteroaroyl embraces heteroaryl radicals, as defined above, attached to an carbonyl radical as defined above. Examples of such radicals include furoyl and nicotinyl.
  • heteroaralkanoyl embraces heteroaralkyl radicals, as defined herein, attached to an carbonyl radical as defined above. Examples of such radicals include, for example, pyridylacetyl and furylbutyryl.
  • heteroaralkoxy embraces oxy-containing heteroaralkyl radicals attached through an oxygen atom to other radicals. More preferred heteroaralkoxy radicals are “heteroaralkoxy” radicals having heteroaryl radicals attached to alkoxy radical as described above.
  • heterocyclylalkoxy embraces oxy-containing heterocyclylalkyl radicals attached through an oxygen atom to other radicals.
  • haloheteroaryloxyalkyl embraces heteroaryloxyalkyl radicals, as defined above, wherein one to four halo radicals are attached to an heteroaryloxy group.
  • heteroarylamino embraces heteroaryl radicals, as defined above, attached to an amino group. Examples of such radicals include pyridylamino.
  • heterocyclylamino embraces heterocyclyl radicals, as defined above, attached to an amino group.
  • heteroaralkylamino embraces heteroaralkyl radicals, as defined above, attached to an amino group. Examples of such radicals include pyridylmethylamino.
  • heterocyclylalkylamino embraces heterocyclylalkyl radicals, as defined above, attached to an amino group.
  • heteroaryloxy embraces heteroaryl radicals, as defined above, attached to an oxy group. Examples of such radicals include 2-thiophenyloxy, 2-pyrimidyloxy, 2-pyridyloxy, 3-pyridyloxy, and 4-pyridyloxy.
  • heterocyclyloxy embraces heterocyclyl radicals, as defined above, attached to an oxy group.
  • heteroaryloxyalkyl embraces heteroaryloxy radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. Examples of such radicals include 2-pyridyloxymethyl, 3-pyridyloxyethyl, and 4-pyridyloxymethyl.
  • heterocyclyloxyalkyl embraces heterocyclyloxy radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group.
  • arylthio embraces aryl radicals, as defined above, attached to an sulfur atom. Examples of such radicals include phenylthio.
  • arylthioalkyl embraces arylthio radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. Examples of such radicals include phenylthiomethyl.
  • alkylthioalkyl embraces alkylthio radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. Examples of such radicals include methylthiomethyl.
  • alkoxyalkyl embraces alkoxy radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group. Examples of such radicals include methoxymethyl.
  • carbonyl denotes a carbon radical having two of the four covalent bonds shared with an oxygen atom.
  • carboxy embraces a hydroxyl radical, as defined above, attached to one of two unshared bonds in a carbonyl group.
  • carboxamido embraces amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, monocycloalkylamino, alkylcycloalkylamino, dicycloalkylamino, N-alkyl-N-arylamino, arylamino, aralkylamino, nitrogen containing heterocyclyl, heterocyclylamino, N-alkyl-N-heterocyclylamino, heteroarylamino, and heteroaralkylamino radicals, attached to one of two unshared bonds in a carbonyl group.
  • carboxamidoalkyl embraces carboxamido radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group.
  • carboxyalkyl embraces a carboxy radical, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group.
  • carboxyalkoxy embraces alkoxy radicals, as defined above, attached to one of two unshared bonds in a carbonyl group.
  • carboaralkoxy embraces aralkoxy radicals, as defined above, attached to one of two unshared bonds in a carbonyl group.
  • monocarboalkoxyalkl embraces one carboalkoxy radical, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group.
  • dicarboalkoxyalkyl embraces two carboalkoxy radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkylene group.
  • dicyanoalkyl embraces one cyano radical, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group.
  • dicyanoalkylene embraces two cyano radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl group.
  • carboalkoxycyanoalkyl embraces one cyano radical, as defined above, attached to an carboalkoxyalkyl group.
  • acyl alone or in combination, means a carbonyl or thionocarbonyl group bonded to a radical selected from, for example, hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkoxy, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkylthio, arylthio, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aralkoxy, arylthio, and alkylthioalkyl.
  • acyl are formyl, acetyl, benzoyl, trifluoroacetyl, phthaloyl, malonyl, nicotinyl, and the like.
  • haloalkanoyl embraces one or more halo radicals, as defined herein, attached to an alkanoyl radical as defined above. Examples of such radicals include, for example, chloroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, bromopropanoyl, and heptafluorobutanoyl.
  • phosphono embraces a pentavalent phosphorus attached with two covalent bonds to an oxygen radical.
  • dialkoxyphosphono denotes two alkoxy radicals, as defined above, attached to a phosphono radical with two covalent bonds.
  • diaralkoxyphosphono denotes two aralkoxy radicals, as defined above, attached to a phosphono radical with two covalent bonds.
  • dialkoxyphosphonoalkyl denotes dialkoxyphosphono radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl radical.
  • diaralkoxyphosphonoalkyl denotes diaralkoxyphosphono radicals, as defined above, attached to an alkyl radical.
  • amino denotes a nitrogen atom containing two substituents such as hydrido, hydroxy or alkyl and having one covalent bond available for bonding to a single atom such as carbon.
  • amino radicals include, for example, —NH 2 , —NHCH 3 , —NHOH, and —NHOCH 3 .
  • imino denotes a nitrogen atom containing one substituent such as hydrido, hydroxy or alkyl and having two covalent bonds available for bonding to a single atom such as carbon.
  • imino radicals include, for example, ⁇ NH, ⁇ NCH 3 , ⁇ NOH, and ⁇ NOCH 3 .
  • imino carbonyl denotes a carbon radical having two of the four covalent bond sites shared with an imino group.
  • imino carbonyl radicals include, for example, C ⁇ NH, C ⁇ NCH 3 , C ⁇ NOH, and C ⁇ NOCH 3 .
  • amidino embraces a substituted or unsubstituted amino group bonded to one of two available bonds of an iminocarbonyl radical.
  • amidino radicals include, for example, NH 2 —C ⁇ NH, NH 2 —C ⁇ NCH 3 , NH 2 —C ⁇ NOCH 3 and CH 3 NH—C ⁇ NOH.
  • guanidino denotes an amidino group bonded to an amino group as defined above where said amino group can be bonded to a third group.
  • examples of such guanidino radicals include, for example, NH 2 —C(NH)—NH—, NH 2 —C(NCH 3 )—NH—, NH 2 —C(NOCH 3 )—NH—, and CH 3 NH—C(NOH)—NH—.
  • sulfonium denotes a positively charged trivalent sulfur atom where said sulfur is substituted with three carbon based groups such as alkyl, alkenyl, aralkyl, or aryl.
  • dialkyl sulfonium denotes a sulfonium group where said sulfur is substituted with two alkyl groups. Examples of such dialkylsulfonium radicals include, for example, (CH 3 ) 2 S + —.
  • dialkyl sulfonium alkyl denotes a dialkyl sulfonium group where said group is bonded to one bond of an alkylene group as defined above. Examples of such dialkylsulfoniumalkyl radicals include (CH 3 ) 2 S + —CH 2 CH 2 —.
  • phosphonium denotes a positively charged tetravalent phosphorus atom where said phosphorus is substituted with four carbon based groups such as alkyl, alkenyl, aralkyl, or aryl.
  • titaniumkyl phosphonium denotes a phosphonium group where said phosphorus is substituted with three alkyl groups. Examples of such trialkylphosphonium radicals include, for example, (CH 3 ) 3 P + —.
  • cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl “cycloalkylsulfonyl”, “cycloalkylsulfonylalkyl”, “cycloalkoxy”, “cycloalkoxyalkyl”, “cycloalkylalkoxy”, “cycloalkenyloxy”, “cycloalkenyloxyalkyl”, “cycloalkylenedioxy”, “halocycloalkoxy”, “halocycloalkoxyalkyl”, “halocycloalkenyloxy”, “halocycloalkenyloxyalkyl”, “alkylthio”, “haloalkylthio”, “alkylsulfinyl”, “amino”, “oxy”, “thio”, “alkylamino”, “arylamino”, “aralkylamino”, “arylsulfinyl”, “arylsulfinylalkyl”, “arylsulfonyl”, “arylsulfonylalkyl”,
  • spacer can include a covalent bond and a linear moiety having a backbone of 1 to 7 contiguous atoms.
  • the spacer may have 1 to 7 atoms of a univalent or multi-valent chain.
  • Univalent chains may be constituted by a radical selected from ⁇ C(H)—, ⁇ C(R 2a )—, —O—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O) 2 —, —NH—, —N(R 2a )—, —N ⁇ , —CH(OH)—, ⁇ C(OH)—, —CH(OR 2a )—, ⁇ C(OR 2a )—, and —C(O)— wherein R 2a is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylthio
  • Multi-valent chains may consist of a straight chain of 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 atoms or a straight chain of 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 atoms with a side chain.
  • the chain may be constituted of one or more radicals selected from: alkylene, alkenyl, —O—, —O—CH 2 —, —S—CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 —, ethenyl, —CH ⁇ CH(OH)—, —OCH 2 O—, —O(CH 2 ) 2 O—, —NHCH 2 —, —OCH(R 7 )O—, —O(CH 2 CHR )O—, —OCF 2 O—, —O(CF 2 ) 2 O—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O) 2 —, —N(H)—, —N(H)O—, —N(R 2a )O—,
  • Side chains may include substituents such as 1 or more non-hydrido substituents such as amidino, guanidino, dialkylsulfonium, trialkylphosphonium, dialkylsulfoniumalkyl, perhaloaralkyl, aralkylsulfonyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, aralkylsulfinyl, aralkylsulfonylalkyl, halocycloalkyl, halocycloalkenyl, cycloalkylsulfinyl, cycloalkylsulfinylalkyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, cycloalkylsulfonylalkyl, heteroarylamino, N-heteroarylamino-N-alkylamino, heteroaralkylamino, heteroaryloxy, heteroaryloxylalkyl, haloalkylthio,
  • Compounds of the present invention can exist in tautomeric, geometric or stereoisomeric forms.
  • the present invention contemplates all such compounds, including cis- and trans-geometric isomers, E- and Z-geometric isomers, R- and S-enantiomers, diastereomers, d-isomers, 1-isomers, the racemic mixtures thereof and other mixtures thereof, as falling within the scope of the invention.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable sales of such tautomeric, geometric or stereoisomeric forms are also included within the invention.
  • cis and trans denote a form of geometric isomerism in which two carbon atoms connected by a double bond will each have a hydrogen atom on the same side of the double bond (“cis”) or on opposite sides of the double bond (“trans”).
  • Some of the compounds described contain one or more stereocenters and are meant to include R, S, and mixtures of R and S forms for each stereocenter present.
  • Some of the compounds described herein may contain one or more ketonic or aldehydic carbonyl groups or combinations thereof alone or as part of a heterocyclic ring system.
  • Such carbonyl groups may exist in part or principally in the “keto” form and in part or principally as one or more “enol” forms of each aldehyde and ketone group present.
  • Compounds of the present invention having aldehydic or ketonic carbonyl groups are meant to include both “keto” and “enol” tautomeric forms.
  • Some of the compounds described herein may contain one or more amide carbonyl groups or combinations thereof alone or as part of a heterocyclic ring system.
  • Such carbonyl groups may exist in part or principally in the “keto” form and in part or principally as one or more “enol” forms of each amide group present.
  • Compounds of the present invention having amidic carbonyl groups are meant to include both “keto” and “enol” tautomeric forms.
  • Said amide carbonyl groups may be both oxo (C ⁇ O) and thiono (C ⁇ S) in type.
  • Some of the compounds described herein may contain one or more imine or enamine groups or combinations thereof. Such groups may exist in part or principally in the “imine” form and in part or principally as one or more “enamine” forms of each group present. Compounds of the present invention having said imine or enamine groups are meant to include both “imine” and “enamine” tautomeric forms.
  • the present invention also comprises a treatment and prophylaxis in anticoagulant therapy for the treatment and prevention of a variety of thrombotic conditions including coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease in a subject, comprising administering to the subject having such disorder a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of Formula (I):
  • compounds of the present invention of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof as defined above comprise a treatment and prophylaxis of coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease and other coagulation cascade related disorders in a subject, comprising administering to the subject having such disorder a therapeutically-effective amount of compounds of formula (I) of the present invention or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
  • Compounds of the present invention of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof can also be used whenever inhibition of blood coagulation is required such as to prevent coagulation of stored whole blood and to prevent coagulation in other biological samples for testing or storage.
  • coagulation inhibitors of the present inhibition can be added to or contacted with stored whole blood and any medium containing or suspected of containing plasma coagulation factors and in which it is desired that blood coagulation be inhibited, e.g. when contacting the mammal's blood with material selected from the group consisting of vascular grafts, stents, orthopedic prothesis, cardiac prosthesis, and extracorporeal circulation systems.
  • Compounds of Formula (I) are capable of inhibiting activity of serine proteases related to the coagulation cascade, and thus could be used in the manufacture of a medicament, a method for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of diseases mediated by coagulation cascade serine proteases, such as inhibiting the formation of blood platelet aggregates, inhibiting the formation of fibrin, inhibiting thrombus formation, and inhibiting embolus formation in a mammal, in blood, in blood products, and in mammalian organs.
  • the compounds also can be used for treating or preventing unstable angina, refractory angina, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attacks, atrial fibrillation, thrombotic stroke, embolic stroke, deep vein thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, ocular build up of fibrin, and reocclusion or restenosis of recanalized vessels in a mammal.
  • the compounds also can be used to study the mechanism of action of coagulation cascade serine proteases to enable the design of better inhibitors and development of better assay methods.
  • the compounds of Formula (I) would be also useful in prevention of cerebral vascular accident (CVA) or stroke.
  • compositions of Formula (I) are also included in the family of compounds of Formula (I).
  • pharmaceutically-acceptable salt embraces salts commonly used to form alkali metal salts and to form addition salts of free acids or free bases. The nature of the salt is not critical, provided that it is pharmaceutically acceptable.
  • Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable acid addition salts of compounds of Formula (I) may be prepared from inorganic acid or from an organic acid. Examples of such inorganic acids are hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, nitric, carbonic, sulfuric and phosphoric acid.
  • Appropriate organic acids may be selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic, heterocyclic, carboxylic and sulfonic classes of organic acids, examples of which are formic, acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, gluconic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, glucoronic, maleic, fumaric, pyruvic, aspartic, glutamic, benzoic, anthranilic, mesylic, salicylic, p-hydroxybenzoic, phenylacetic, mandelic, embonic (pamoic), methanesulfonic, ethylsulfonic, benzenesulfonic, sulfanilic, stearic, cyclohexylaminosulfonic, algenic, galacturonic acid.
  • Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable base addition salts of compounds of Formula (I) include metallic salts made from aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and zinc or organic salts made from N,N′-dibenzylethyleneldiamine, choline, chloroprocaine, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine (N-methylglucamine) and procain. All of these salts may be prepared by conventional means from the corresponding compound of Formula (I) by reacting, for example, the appropriate acid or base with the compound of Formula (I).
  • the present invention also comprises a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of Formulas (I) in association with at least one pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier, adjuvant or diluent.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can comprise the active compounds of Formula (I) in association with one or more non-toxic, pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers and/or diluents and/or adjuvants (collectively referred to herein as “carrier” materials) and, if desired, other active ingredients.
  • carrier non-toxic, pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers and/or diluents and/or adjuvants
  • the active compounds of the present invention may be administered by any suitable route, preferably in the form of a pharmaceutical composition adapted to such a route, and in a dose effective for the treatment intended.
  • the active compounds and composition may, for example, be administered orally, intravascularly, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, oculary, or topically.
  • the compounds may be administered intraocularly or topically as well as orally or parenterally.
  • the compounds can be administered in the form of a depot injection or implant preparation which may be formulated in such a manner as to permit a sustained release of the active ingredient.
  • the active ingredient can be compressed into pellets or small cylinders and implanted subcutaneously or intramusculary as depot injections or implants.
  • Implants may employ inert materials such as biodegradable polymers or synthetic silicones, for example, Silastic, silicone rubber or other silicon containing polymers.
  • the compounds can also be administered in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles.
  • Liposomes can be formed from a variety of phospholipids, such as cholesterol, stearylamine or phosphatidylcholines.
  • the compounds may also be delivered by the use of monoclonal antibodies as individual carriers to which the compound molecules are coupled.
  • the compounds may also be coupled with soluble polymers as targetable drug carriers.
  • Such polymers can include polyvinylpyrrolidone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxy-propyl-methacrylamide-phenol, polyhydroxyethyl-aspartamide-phenol, or ployethyleneoxide-polylysine substituted with palmitoyl residues.
  • the compounds may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycolic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and cross linked or amphitpathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
  • a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycolic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and cross linked or amphitpathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be in the form of, for example, tablets, capsules (each of which includes sustained release or timed release formulations), pills, powders, granules, elixers, tinctures, suspensions, liquids including syrups, and emulsions.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is preferably made in the form of a dosage unit containing a particular amount of the active ingredient. Examples of such dosage units are tablets or capsules.
  • the active ingredient may also be administered by injection as a composition wherein, for example, saline, dextrose or water may be used as a suitable carrier.
  • the amount of therapeutically active compounds which are administered and the dosage regimen for treating a disease condition with the compounds and/or compositions of this invention depends on a variety of factors, including the age, weight, sex and medical condition of the subject, the severity of the disease, the route and frequency of administration, and the particular compound employed, and thus may vary widely.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may contain active ingredients in the range of about 0.1 to 2000 mg, and preferably in the range of about 0.5 to 500 mg.
  • the daily dose can be administered in one to four doses per day.
  • the compounds may be formulated in topical ointment or cream, or as a suppository, containing the active ingredients in a total amount of, for example, 0.075 to 30% w/w, preferably 0.2 to 20% w/w and most preferably 0.4 to 15% w/w.
  • the active ingredients may be employed with either paraffinic or a water-miscible ointment base.
  • the active ingredients may be formulated in a cream with an oil-in-water cream base.
  • the aqueous phase of the cream base may include, for example at least 30% w/w of a polyhydric alcohol such as propylene glycol, butane-1,3-diol, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol and mixtures thereof.
  • the topical formulation may desirably include a compound which enhances absorption or penetration of the active ingredient through the skin or other affected areas. Examples of such dermal penetration enhancers include dimethylsulfoxide and related analogs.
  • the compounds of this invention can also be administered by a transdermal device.
  • topical administration will be accomplished using a patch either of the reservoir and porous membrane type or of a solid matrix variety.
  • the active agent is delivered continuously from the reservoir or microcapsules through a membrane into the active agent permeable adhesive, which is in contact with the skin or mucosa of the recipient. If the active agent is absorbed through the skin, a controlled and predetermined flow of the active agent is administered to the recipient.
  • the encapsulating agent may also function as the membrane.
  • the oily phase of the emulsions of this invention may be constituted from known ingredients in a known manner. While the phase may comprise merely an emulsifier, it may comprise a mixture of at least one emulsifier with a fat or an oil or with both a fat and an oil. Preferably, a hydrophilic emulsifier is included together with a lipophilic emulsifier which acts as a stabilizer. It is also preferred to include both an oil and a fat.
  • Emulsifiers and emulsion stabilizers suitable for use in the formulation of the present invention include Tween 60, Span 80, cetostearyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, glyceryl monostearate, and sodium lauryl sulfate, among others.
  • the choice of suitable oils or fats for the formulation is based on achieving the desired cosmetic properties, since the solubility of the active compound in most oils likely to be used in pharmaceutical emulsion formulations is very low.
  • the cream should preferably be a non-greasy, non-staining and washable product with suitable consistency to avoid leakage from tubes or other containers.
  • Straight or branched chain, mono- or dibasic alkyl esters such as diisoadipate, isocetyl stearate, propylene glycol diester of coconut fatty acids, isopropyl myristate, decyl oleate, isopropyl palmitate, butyl stearate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate or a blend of branched chain esters may be used. These may be used alone or in combination depending on the properties required. Alternatively, high melting point lipids such as white soft paraffin and/or liquid paraffin or other mineral oils can be used.
  • the active compounds of the present invention are ordinarily combined with one or more adjuvants appropriate to the indicated route of administration.
  • the compounds may be admixed with lactose, sucrose, starch powder, cellulose esters of alkanoic acids, cellulose alkyl esters, talc, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, magnesium oxide, sodium and calcium salts of phosphoric and sulfuric acids, gelatin, acacia gum, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and/or polyvinyl alcohol, and then tableted or encapsulated for convenient administration.
  • Such capsules or tablets may contain a controlled-release formulation as may be provided in a dispersion of active compound in hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose.
  • Formulations for parenteral administration may be in the form of aqueous or non-aqueous isotonic sterile injection solutions or suspensions. These solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders or granules having one or more of the carriers or diluents mentioned for use in the formulations for oral administration.
  • the compounds may be dissolved in water, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethanol, corn oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, benzyl alcohol, sodium chloride, and/or various buffers.
  • Other adjuvants and modes of administration are well and widely known in the pharmaceutical art.
  • the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are administered alone or in combination with one another, or in combination with other therapeutics or in vivo diagnostic agents.
  • the coagulation cascade inhibitors of the present invention can also be co-administered with suitable anti-platelet agreggation agents, including, but not limited to ticlopidine or clopidrogel, fibrinogen receptor antagonists (e.g.
  • anti-coagulants such as aspirin, warfarin or heparins
  • thrombolytic agents such as plasminogen activators or streptokinase to achieve synergistic effects in the treatment of various pathologies
  • lipid lowering agents including antihypercholesterolernics (e.g.
  • HMG CoA reductase inhibitors such as mevastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, and fluvastatin, HMG CoA synthatase inhibitors, etc.
  • anti-diabetic drugs or other cardiovascular agents (loop diuretics, thiazide type diuretics, nitrates, aldosterone antagonistics (i.e., spironolactone and epoxymexlerenone), angiotensin converting enzyme (e.g.
  • ACE ACE
  • angiotensin II receptor antagonists beta-blockers
  • antiarrythmics anti-hypertension agents
  • calcium channel blockers calcium channel blockers
  • Typical doses of coagulation cascade inhibitors of the present invention with other suitable anti-platelet agents, anticoagulation agents, cardiovascular therapeutic agents, or thrombolytic agents may be the same as those doses of coagulation cascade inhibitors administered without coadministration of additional anti-platelet agents, anticoagulation agents, cardiovascular therapeutic agents, or thrombolytic agents, or may be substantially less than those doses of coagulation cascade inhibitors administered without coadministration of additional anti-platelet agents, anticoagulation agents, cardiovascular therapeutic agents, or thrombolytic agents, depending on a patient's therapeutic needs.
  • the present novel methods preferably employ compounds which selectively inhibit human TF-VIIA over the inhibition of both human Thrombin II and human factor Xa.
  • the compounds have a human TF-VIIA IC 50 of less than 0.5 ⁇ M and also have a selectivity ratio of TF-VIIA inhibition over both human Thrombin II and human factor Xa inhibition of at least 10, and more preferably at least 100.
  • the compounds have a human TF-VIIA IC 50 of less than 0.1 ⁇ M and also have a selectivity ratio of TF-VIIA inhibition over both human Thrombin II and human factor Xa inhibition of at least 1000, and most preferably at least 10,000.
  • Formula (I) compounds of this invention possessing hydroxyl, thiol, and amine functional groups can be converted to a wide variety derivatives.
  • a hydroxyl group in the form of an alcohol or phenol can be readily converted to esters of carboxylic, sulfonic, carbamic, phosphonic, and phosphoric acids.
  • Acylation to form a carboxylic acid ester is readily effected using a suitable acylating reagent such as an aliphatic acid anhydride or acid chloride.
  • a suitable acylating reagent such as an aliphatic acid anhydride or acid chloride.
  • the corresponding aryl and heteroaryl acid anhydrides and acid chlorides can also be used.
  • Such reactions are generally carried out using an amine catalyst such as pyridine in an inert solvent.
  • carbamic acid esters can be obtained by reacting a hydroxyl group with isocyanates and carbamoyl chlorides. Sulfonate, phosphonate, and phosphate esters can be prepared using the corresponding acid chloride and similar reagents.
  • Compounds of Formula (I) that have at least one thiol group present can be converted to the corresponding thioesters derivatives analogous to those of alcohols and phenols using the same reagents and comparable reaction conditions.
  • Compounds of Formula (I) that have at least one primary or secondary amine group present can be converted to the corresponding amide derivatives.
  • Formula (I) compounds of this invention possessing hydroxyl, thiol, and amine functional groups can be alkylated to a wide variety derivatives.
  • a hydroxyl group of compounds of Formula (I) can be readily converted to ethers.
  • Alkylation to form an ether is readily effected using a suitable alkylating reagent such as an alkyl bromide, alkyl iodide or alkyl sulfonate.
  • a suitable alkylating reagent such as an alkyl bromide, alkyl iodide or alkyl sulfonate.
  • alkylating reagent such as an alkyl bromide, alkyl iodide or alkyl sulfonate.
  • Such reactions are generally carried out using an alkoxide forming reagent such as sodium hydride, potassium t-butoxide, sodium amide, lithium amide, and n-butyl lithium using an inert polar solvent such as DMF, DMSO, THF, and similar, comparable solvents amine catalyst such as pyridine in an inert solvent.
  • an alkoxide forming reagent such as sodium hydride, potassium t-butoxide, sodium amide, lithium amide, and n-butyl lithium
  • an inert polar solvent such as DMF, DMSO, THF, and similar, comparable solvents amine catalyst such as pyridine in an inert solvent.
  • Compounds of Formula (I) that have at least one thiol group present can be converted to the corresponding thioether derivatives analogous to those of alcohols and phenols using the same reagents and comparable reaction conditions.
  • Quaternary ammonium derivatives can be prepared using the appropriate bromides, iodides, and sulfonates analogous to those used with alcohols and phenols. Conditions involve reaction of the amine by warming it with the alkylating reagent with a stoichiometric amount of the amine (i.e., one equivalent with a tertiary amine, two with a secondary, and three with a primary). With primary and secondary amines, two and one equivalents, respectively, of an acid scavenger are used concurrently.
  • Tertiary amines can be prepared from the corresponding primary or secondary amine by reductive alkylation with aldehydes and ketones using reduction methods.
  • the plate is incubated at room temperature for 60 min, at which time the rate of hydrolysis of the substrate is measured by monitoring the reaction at 405 nm for the release of p-nitroaniline. Percent inhibition of TF-VIIa activity is calculated from OD 405nm value from the experimental and control sample.
  • 0.3 nM human factor Xa and 0.15 mM N- ⁇ -Benzyloxycarbonyl-D-arginyl-L-glycyl-L-arginine-p-nitroaniline-dihydrochloride are added to a 96-well assay plate containing either inhibitor or buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 100 mM NaCl, 0.1% BSA).
  • the reaction in a final volume of 100 ul is measured immediately at 405 nm to determine background absorbance.
  • the plate is incubated at room temperature for 60 min, at which time the rate of hydrolysis of the substrate is measured by monitoring the reaction at 405 nm for the release of p-nitroaniline. Percent inhibition of Xa activity is calculated from OD 405nm value from the experimental and control sample.
  • Recombinant soluble TF consisting of amino acids 1-219 of the mature protein sequence was expressed in E. coli and purified using a Mono Q Sepharose FPLC.
  • Recombinant human VIIa was purchased from American Diagnostica, Greenwich Conn. and chromogenic substrate N-Methylsulfonyl-D-phe-gly-arg-p-nitroaniline was prepared by American Peptide Company, Inc., Sunnyvale, Calif.
  • Factor Xa was obtained from Enzyme Research Laboratories, South Bend Ind., thrombin from Calbiochem, La Jolla, Calif., and trypsin and L-BAPNA from Sigma, St. Louis Mo.
  • the chromogenic substrates S-2765 and S-2238 were purchased from Chromogenix, Sweden.

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