Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
  • D06M15/03—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
  • D06M15/05—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
  • C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
  • C08B15/05—Derivatives containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogens or sulfur
  • C08B15/06—Derivatives containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogens or sulfur containing nitrogen, e.g. carbamates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
  • C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
  • D01F2/24—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives
  • D01F2/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives from organic cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
  • D06M13/11—Compounds containing epoxy groups or precursors thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
  • D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
  • D06M13/188—Monocarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
  • D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
  • D06M13/207—Substituted carboxylic acids, e.g. by hydroxy or keto groups; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
  • D06M13/21—Halogenated carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
  • Y10S8/08—Oxirane

Definitions

• This invention relates to a new process for improving the quality of vegetable textile materials and particularly cotton, (or a fabric containing such a fibrous material).
• results of this process are: either a high degree of transparency and a silky lustre of a brilliancy hitherto unattained, or a more or less elastic or stiffening finish, or both lustre and finish.
• the process consists in treating a spun or woven fabric consisting of a vegetable fibrous material, particularly cotton, or a fabric containing such a fibrous material, with a monohalogen-fatty acid or with a salt or derivative thereof (for example an ester) in the presence of an alkali.
• a spun or woven v goods may be treated with alkali andhalogen-fatty acid at the same time or in succession in either order.
• All vegetable fibrous inaterials such as linen, flax, hemp, ramie, jute, and particularly cotton, in the form of pure vegetable fabrics (for example'pure cotton fabrics) or of mixed fabrics or in the form of yarns in skeins or cops or of warps may be successfully treated according to the invention.
• the textile material consisting of or con: taining vegetable fibre may be treated by the present process either in crude state or after lVhich of these effects is produced depends a preliminary treatment (for example boil ing, or heating under pressure with a solution of sodium carbonate or dilute caustic alkali or botl1),the textile material being previously moistened or not asdesired, with or without 5 previous extraction of the fatty matter, unbleached or bleached by means of an oxidizing or reducing bleaching agent, mercerized or not mercerized.
• a preliminary treatment for example boil ing, or heating under pressure with a solution of sodium carbonate or dilute caustic alkali or botl1
• the textile material being previously moistened or not asdesired, with or without 5 previous extraction of the fatty matter, unbleached or bleached by means of an oxidizing or reducing bleaching agent, mercerized or not mercerized.
• It may also previously be prepared in known manner by means of a hydrolyzing or gelatinizing agent, for exa1nple, a strong mineral acid such as sulphuric acid of 49 to 60 Baum gravity or phosphoric acid of to 57 Baum gravity, or hydrochloric acid of 24 Baum gravity, or nitric acid of 43 to 46 Baum gravity or more, or an ammoniacal solution of cupric oxide, or with a cold or hot solution of calcium thiocyanate or other thiocyanate.
• the preliminary treatment may consist in a combination of two or more of these methods.
• the first consists in treating the spun or woven goods .first with a solution of a caustic alkali and then with a monohalogen derivative .of a fatty acid, such as 'monochloacetic acid.
• the textile fibrous material may be treated with the alkali solution in various Ways, for instance by immersing or soaking the material in a small or large excess of alkali solution; or by immersing or soaking the material in the solution and removing the excess of the alkali solution by squeezing, centrifuging or the like; or by impregnating in an impregnating mill or jigger or the like; orby padding by means of smooth or engraved rollers in a padding machine; or by coating by means of closely engraved rollers in a Rouleaux machine in which case a suit- 95 able thickening medium is preferably used; or by spraying or by any other known method.
• alkali solution there may be used for example caustic soda solution of 10-50 100 or after having derivative thereof may been per cent strength.
• caustic soda solutions of from 12 to 40 per cent strength have been found to be very suitable.
• the quantity of the alkali solution which is incorporated in the spun or woven fabric or the quantity which is to be retained by the fabric may vary within very wide limits. Thus, for example, excellent results are obtained with an amount .of twice or. of ten times the weight of the textile material. As a rule an amount of from two to four times the weight of the textile material is found to be sufficient.
• the temperature of the alkali solution may be selected from a wide range. According to the strength of the solution useful results are obtained at 10 C. and from that up to +50 C. In the case of alkali solutions which are not too weak satisfactory results are usually obtained at room temperature.
• the spun or woven goods may be allowed to pass between rollers during the treatment with the alkali solution or the material may be subjected to a high pressure in some other manner. If desired alcohol may be added to the alkali solution.
• the textile material which has been treated with the alkali solution, immediately or after standing (ripening) for a short or long period (say 3 hours to 3 days) at or above room temperature is treated in the wet condition been previously partially or completely dried, with a free monohalogen derivative of a fatty acid or with a salt or derivative (for example an ester) thereof.
• the monohalogen fatty acid or its salt, preferably alkali salt may be brou tact with the spun or woven goo been previously treated with alkali solution, in the form of a dilute or concentrated solution or of a supersaturated solution (for instance a pasty mass of crystals of an alkali metal salt) or of a suspension, or even in the solid form.
• a solvent there may be used water or alcohol or a mixture of water and alcohol or any other solvent;
• a suitable binding or thickening agent such as starch, dextrine, British gum, albumen or the like.
• the goods may be soaked in the solution or suspension of the acid or of its salt in the cold or warmed to a temperature of -for example 50-100 C. (in which case, if desired, any excess may be removed by squeezing or cantrifuging); or they may be coated with 1t; or a solution or suspension of the halogen ways ht into con-' s which have dried. It may also poration between one or more pairs of rollers,
• stretching of the textile fibrous material is essential. It may be stretched either during all the steps, that is, commencing with the impregnation with the alkali solution, up to the washing and dr ing process. Or it may be stretched only urin the action of the alkali solution or of they alogen fatty acid; or the spun or woven'goodsmay be stretched after the impregnation with alkali solution and kept halogen fatty acid and during the treatment with acid, salt, or the like and during the washing and finaldrying. Or they may be stretched during the action of. the
• the second method of carrying out the process consists in reversing the order of the operations of the first method, that is to say, the textile fibrous material is first brought into contact with the monohalogen-fatty acid or its salt or derivative and then introduced into the solution of alkali, or impregnated, coated or sprinkled or sprayed therewith.
• the halogen fatty acids exert no action on the fibrous material in the absence of alkali
• the treatment with alkali solution may follow at leisure the treatment with the halogen fatty acid.
• the halogen fatty acid must be allowed to react for sometime, and the action may proceed at or above room temperature.
• the third method of carrying out the process consists in treating the textile fibrous material with a solution of the halogen fatty acid in alkali solution.
• This method on account of the small power of resistance of the monohalogen fatty acid to alkali hydroxide, is the least to be recommended. If it is desired to employ it, it is necessary to work either very quickly or at low temperatures (below 0 C. for example) or to use dilute solutions of alkali.
• kali solutions of low or medium strength caustic soda solutions of from 12 to per cent strength for example, even by the action of large quantities of monohalogen fatty acid, and even when the reaction is prolonged there is much less tendency towards the formation of a stiff finish than when strong solutions to per cent strength of caustic soda solution for instance) are used.
• the dressing may further be increased by adding some cellulose, such as sulphite-cellulose or linters in a finely divided form, or mercerized cellulose, or a cellulose hydrate, to'the alkali solution (if desired, with the aid of a thickening agent) or to the solution, paste, or magma of the halogen fatty acid or salt thereof.
• some cellulose such as sulphite-cellulose or linters in a finely divided form, or mercerized cellulose, or a cellulose hydrate, to'the alkali solution (if desired, with the aid of a thickening agent) or to the solution, paste, or magma of the halogen fatty acid or salt thereof.
• the process according to the invention is also suitable for obtaining pattern effects, for which purpose the following methods of procedure may be considered by way of example 1)
• a pattern is printed or stencilled on the woven fabric by means of a reserve paste which prevents absorption of the alkaline solution either mechanically or chemically.
• Appropriate reserve agents are, for example, albumen, gum, acids (such as acetic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid or an inorganic acid), alum, aluminium sulphate, ammonium sulphate or other salt.
• the fabric is then treated with an alkali solution and a monohalogen-fatty acid in the manner described in the first method of carrying out the process. This modification of the process gives rise to a lustrous pattern on a dull background, or vice versa.
• the alkali solution mixed with an appropriate thickening medium (such as starch, denatured albumen, a cellulose hydrate soluble in alkali, alkyl or oxyalkyl derivative of cellulose soluble in alkali or in water, a cellulose ether of a monohydroxy carboxylic acid, or the like) is printed on the fabric in the form of any desired pattern, and the fabric is then treated with a halogen fatty'acid in the manner already described.
• an appropriate thickening medium such as starch, denatured albumen, a cellulose hydrate soluble in alkali, alkyl or oxyalkyl derivative of cellulose soluble in alkali or in water, a cellulose ether of a monohydroxy carboxylic acid, or the like
• Pattern-effects may also be obtained by impregnating the fabric with a solution of an alkali, as described in the first form of the process, and then, after previously drying if desired. printing it with a monohalogen fatty acid or a salt thereof, dissolved or suspended in a suitable thickening medium (such as British gum, starch, or dextrine) with or without the addition of a dyestuff, and then finishing the fabric as described in thefirst form of the process. Very lustrous effects are obtained on a less lustrous background.
• a suitable thickening medium such as British gum, starch, or dextrine
• a monohalogen fatty acid or a salt thereof in the form of a solution or suspension is'printed on the fabric with the aid of v a. thickening medium. after which the fabric is exposed with or without drying to the action of caustic alkali.
• the results obtained are similar to those of and (4).
• any other desired quantity, of caustic soda solution is then treated with sodium monochloracetate, preparedfor example by dissolving 100 parts'of monochloracetic acid in 100 parts of water or in a solution of British gum of 20 to 25 per cent strength and adding to the solution about 90 parts of powdered sodium bicarbonate, in small portions whilst shaking or stirring.
• sodium monochloracetate preparedfor example by dissolving 100 parts'of monochloracetic acid in 100 parts of water or in a solution of British gum of 20 to 25 per cent strength and adding to the solution about 90 parts of powdered sodium bicarbonate, in small portions whilst shaking or stirring.
• a' suspension of sodium chloracetate crystals remains; this may be used as such, or after warming for a short time, for example to 50-60 C. during which it is converted into a solution.
• the yarn or fabric (carrying theNaOH solution) may either be impregnatedwiththesuspension or solution of sodium chloracetate or coated with it on one or on both sides, or the solution of the chloracetate may be rolled on or into the textile material.
• the quantity of sodium chloracetate which is to be incorporated with the fabric or yarn impregnated with caustic soda solution is subject to variation between wide limits.
• the textile fibrous material may also be washed in the stretched condition, this having a beneficial effect on thesilk-like lustre.
• Example I (a) The procedure is as in Example I (a) i with the difference that the sodium chloracetate'is prepared as follows: 40 to 70' parts of chloracetic acid are dissolved in 160 to parts of water or of a solution of British gum of 25-30. per cent strength and the solution is treate'tlas in Example I a), with about 36 to 63/parts-of powdered sodium bicarbonate, whereby there is obtained a solution which is liquid at 'room temperathe action of the sodium chloracetate or of the chloracetic acid as the case may be takes place while warm.
• the fabric which has been impregnated with the caustic solution and brought into contact with the sodium chloracetate or chloracetic acid is maintained for a period of from 10 minutes to an hour at a temperature of 50 to 100 (1., for example at 80 C. If the duration of the warming at 80 C. for example is prolonged for an hour or more there is obtained, besides a high-grade silky lustre, a stiff dressing, which may approximate to the stiffness of book-binders linen.
• the silk effect produced is of a high grade, the finish has an elastic feel.
• the procedure is exactly as in any of the preceding examples, with the modification that the material is first treated with a strong sulphuric acid prior to its treatment according to the process herein described. If a sulphuric acid of 49 to 50 Baum gravity be used for this purpose, the treatment therewith may be allowed to proceed at room temperature for a period of from several seconds up to a few minutes and even longer. If a stronger sulphuric acid is used, for example,
• the trea ment must only occupy a few seconds, if the treatment is conducted at room temperature. If however the sulphuric acid be cooled down to 0 C. or below the treatment may continue for a longer period.
• Mercerization of the fabric for example, by means of a caustic soda solution of 10 per cent strength at a low temperature or with a strong caustic soda solution, for example, of 18 to 40 per cent strength, at room temperature, may precede the treatment with sulphuric acid.
• a monohalogen derivative of a homol0gue of acetic acid such as a-bromo-propionic acid, a bromo-butyric acid, or a halogen derivative of another organic acid, e. g. bromosuccinic acid.
• the vegetable fibres are converted into a cellulose ether of an alkali salt of a monohydroxy carboxylic acid in which the cellulose has entered into the hydroxyl group of a monohydroxy carboxylic acid.
• cellulose ethers of alkali salts of glycolic acid are formed.
• the cellulose'ethers of alkali salts of monohydroxy carboxylic acids formed as indicated in the preceding paragraph will be converted into acid ethers by immersing the fabric in cold or warm solutions of organic acids, such as acetic acid, or by immersion in cold or warm dilute solutions of inorganic acids, such as dilute sulphuric acid, or by immersing the fabric in a solution of an acid salt or any precipitating agent or mixture of reci itatin a ents known in the viscose P P g industry or in t e ammoniacal-copper-oxidecellulose industry.
• a decomposition of the ethers takes place.
• This decomposition ma be brought about, for example, by a hy ro-halogen acid, such as hydrochloric acid, or by sulphuric'acid.
• These mineral acids when used in the manner described cause the ethers of mono hydroxy carboxylic acids or salts to liberate hydroxy-paraflin mono-carboxylic acids: Upon treating cellulose ether of glycolic acid with mineral acids in the manner above described glycolic acid is liberated.
• textile fibrous material in the specification and in the claims includes all vegetable fibrous materials, such as flax, linen, hemp, ramie-fibre, jute and articularly cotton and the like, in the form 0? pure vegetable fabrics .(for example pure cotton fabrics) or mixedthe form of yarn in skeins,f cops,-
• halogen derivative of fatty acid or monohalogenderivative of a fatty acid includes wherever the context permits, the free monohalogen fatty acid or a salt, or a derivative thereof, such as an ester.
• cellulose ether of a monohydroxy carbo lic acid includes those cellulose compoun s in which the cellulose has entered the hydroxyl group of a hydroxyparaflin mono-carboxylic acid (possibly with the formation of a lactone or a lactide).
• vegetable textile fimean s of a cellulose ether of a mono-hydroxy carboxylic acid supplied from'outside contain a cellulose ether of a mono-hydroxy carboxylic acid soluble in alkali but not in water.
• glycolic acid supplied from outside a cellulose ether of glycolic acid soluble in alkali but not in water.
• vegetable textile fibrous materials which have a silk-like lustre and which, without having been finished by means of a cellulose ether of glycolic acid supplied from outside, contain a cellulose ether of glycolic acid soluble in alkali but not in water.
• glycolic acid on decompositon with a hydrohalogen acid glycolic acid on decompositon with a hydrohalogen acid.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

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• 0
  • NL NL19083D patent/NL19083C/xx active
• 1924
  • 1924-05-20 DE DEL60247D patent/DE476595C/de not_active Expired
  • 1924-05-20 DE DEL60252D patent/DE535393C/de not_active Expired
  • 1924-05-20 DE DEL60246D patent/DE485195C/de not_active Expired
  • 1924-05-22 GB GB12631/24A patent/GB231804A/en not_active Expired
  • 1924-05-30 GB GB13359/24A patent/GB231811A/en not_active Expired
  • 1924-07-23 US US727808A patent/US1736714A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1924-07-23 US US727809A patent/US1741637A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1925
  • 1925-04-02 FR FR596421D patent/FR596421A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1925-04-03 FR FR596426D patent/FR596426A/fr not_active Expired

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