US1208888A - Turbine-engine. - Google Patents

Description

E. ANDERSON.

TURBINE ENGINE.

APPLICATION men OCT. 8. 1912.

1 ,208,888 Patented Dec. 19,1916.

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E. ANDERSON.

TURBINE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 8, 1912.

Patented Dec. 19, 1916.

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EMIL ANDERSON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE UNIVERSAL TURBINE COMPANY, OF JERSEY CITY, NEl/V JERSEY, A CQRPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

TURBINE-ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 19, 1916.

Application filed October 8, 1912. Serial No. 724,516.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EMIL ANDERSON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbine-Engines, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

My invention relates to turbine engines such as are driven by a motive fluid and particularly to such as are driven by an expansible fluid. Its object is to provide an apparatus of simple construction which is capable of developing its power efliciently.

I will describe my invention in the following specification and point out the novel features in appended claims.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of a turbine which embodiesmy invention. Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the same apparatus with a part of its casing broken away and with some of its parts shown in section. A portion of the rotor is shown on an enlarged scale in sectional elevation in Fig. 3, the section in this figure being taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2. p

Like characters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures.

1O designates an annular frame upon which the other parts of the apparatus are supported. This is open at the bottom as at 11 so that the exhaust motive fluid may pass out through it and through the base upon which it stands, to the air or to a condenser. To the sides of this annular frame are fastened the plates 12 and 13, each of which is provided with a stufling box, as at 14, and supports bearings 15 for the rotor shaft 20. The side plate 12 is constructed to form an annular motive fluid chest 16 with which a supply pipe 17 is connected, and the side plate 13 forms a similar chest 18 with which a supply pipe 19 is connected.

The rotor comprises a hub 21 mounted upon the shaft 20 and from this hub extends aflange 22, the outer periphery of which forms a rim 23 On either or both sides of this flange are secured rotor rings which will now be described. Each rotor ring, in the particular construction shown in the drawings, comprises a pair of flat annular side plates 24, 25 between which are a plurality of sheet metal blades 26. These are preferably of corrugated form with the corrugations at an oblique angle to the radii of the rings, as is shown in Fig. 2. These divide the space between the plates 24, 25 into a plurality of parallel wavy passages or channels. Between these blades are spacing blocks 27 of some such shape as that shown in Fig. 2, the sides of which are shaped to fit the contour of the blades. Transverse deflector blades 28 are also provided near the periphery of the rotor ring. These are preferably set into grooves cut transversely through the annular plates 24, 25 and the blades 26. The spacing blocks transversely divide the space between the plates 24, 25 into a plurality of compartments, open both inwardly and outwardly.

Two rotor rings may be provided on each rotor as shown. One of these has the spacing blocks inclined to the radii in one direction and in the other they are inclined in the opposite direction (shown at 29, Fig. 2) and the corrugations of the spacing blades are also inclined oppositely. This of course is for a reversibleengine, but when the engine is not reversible only one rotor ring is required, although where more power is required, two rotor rings of like form are used.

Aflixed to the body of the motive fluid chest 16 are a plurality of hollow nozzlecasings 30, open toward the center of the engine, which placed end to end form a continuous ring. The outer ends of these casings together form a continuous flange 31 which is adjacent to the side of the rotor ring plate 24. A shoulder 32 is formed at the base of this flange, which shoulder lies directly inside of the inner edge of the plate 24. Over the open sides of these casings are cover plates 33.

34 designates the nozzle-blocks and 35 the nozzle-blades which extend from and are preferably an intrinsic part of the blocks. A plurality of these nozzle-members,- blocks and blades-are set into the outer side of the casings 30 and securely held by. these casings and their cover plates. These form expansion nozzles from the inside, of the casings 30 to the outer periphery thereof which are situated directly inside of the inner periphery of the open part of the rotor ring. The ends of each casing 30 are their respective nozzle-chambers.

also constructed to form the outer walls of I the first and last of these expansion nozzles. Each casing, then, with its cover plate, forms a chamber for motive fluid, with expansion nozzles leading outwardly therefrom at angles oblique to the radii of the rotor ring. Each of these chambers is provided with a port 86 which corresponds with a similar port in the side of the annular chest 16, which is controlled by a valve 37 which may be actuated by a handle 38 outside of the engine. Not only is there a separate valve controlled port to each of the nozzle casing chambers, but these separate valves are so arranged that they may be independently actuated. A similar set of nozzle casings is provided on the other side of the rotor, aflixed to the body of the .annular motive fluid chest 18, each of which forms a chamber having a valve controlled port between it and the adjacent motive fluid chest. In the drawings, the handles by means of which the valves on this side of the engine are moved are designated bythe reference numeral 39. Of course if the engine is a reversible one the expansion nozzles on this other side of the rotor are inclined in the opposite direction from those first described.

The motive fluid is admitted through the supply pipe 17 into the annular chest 16 and if any of the valves 37 are open, into From thence it passes through the expansion nozzles into and through the adjacent rotor ring. In the expansion nozzles the energy pf the motive fluid is changed from pressure to velocity. As this motive fluid passes through the space between the side plates 24;, 25 of the rotor-ring it impinges against the spacing blocks 27 and is deflected by them. Both of these actions result in a tendency to drive the rotor. Some of the fluid also impinges against and is deflected by the transverse blades 28 and this also drives the rotor. This driving effect is produced in each of the rotor compartments as they successively pass by the nozzles from which the motive fluid is being emitted. From the rotor the fluid passes into the large annular space 40 inside of the engine casing and out through the exhaust passage 11. The spacing blocks are shown so shaped that the greater part of their deflecting effect is accomplished during the latter part of the flow of the fluid through the compartments. They are also so proportioned as to form paths of increasing capacity to provide for expansion of the fluid.

The addition of blades between the side plates of the rotor ring increases the efliciency of the apparatus because of the greatly enlarged surfaces over which the fluid passes, being itself retarded by fricthe rotor ring.

rotor. But in the preferred form of myinvention these blades are corrugated and so placed in relation to one another as to divide the space between the side plates of the rotor ring into a plurality of parallel wave-like channels with the waves substantially transverse to the flow of the fluid through each compartment. The section shownin Fig. 3 is taken on a line which corresponds with the general direction of the flow of the motive fluid through one of the compartments. From this view it may be seen that the motive fluid is deflected from side to side by the corrugations, For example, as the fluid enters the rotor ring from the inside, as viewed in Fig. 8 it is first deflected to the right, thereby giving up some of its velocity and developing an iinpelling force; then to the left when the same functions are performed, and so on to the outer periphery of the rotor ring without its flow being at any point restricted. These corrugated blades are substantially at right angles to the deflecting surfaces of the members 27. The passage between adjacent blades through the first turn is an effort stage, that through the next turn another effort stage, and so on,- these consecutive eflort stages being of successively increasing capacity. The motive fluid passes through them all without in terruption and has a tendency in each portion of its path to impel the rotor.

This engine is effectively operative with but one nozzle, but I have shown a plurality of nozzles leading from each of the nozzle chambers. Then all the valves 37 for each of the nozzle chambers but one are closed, the fluid will pass from this one through all of its nozzles into and through When it is desired to clevelop more power another orothers of the valves 37 are opened. When all these valves are opened, the inlet nozzles cover practically all of the inner periphery of the rotor ring and the proportion of the periphery loo which they do cover may be increased by 7 sides of the rotor may be opened to obtain conditions for developing more power.

7 This construction not only provides a simple and compact apparatus by means of which an enormous amount of power may be developed with a comparatively small machine, but on account of the novel arrangement of the active fluid passages, power is developed with a greater efliciency than has heretofore been possible with motors driven by eXpansible motive fluid.

What I claim is:

1. A turbineengine comprising a rotor ring constructed to have an annular space, a plurality of members oblique to the radii of the ring at equal intervals dividing said space into a plurality of compartments, and a plurality of wavy rotor blades normal to said dividing members in each of said compartments.

2. A turbine engine comprising a rotor constructed to form a plurality of transverse fluid passages, means for passing motive fluid through said passages, and walls for said passages, opposite walls of each passage forming partitions between the passages and substantially parallel wavy walls at substantiall} right angles to said opposite'walls for deflecting the fluid in a zigzag manner.

3. A turbine engine comprising a rotor constructed to form a plurality of transversefluid passages, means for passing motive fluid through said passages, and walls for said passages, opposite walls of each passage forming partitions between the passages, and a plurality of other walls parallel to one another and at substantially right angles to said opposite walls dividing each passage into a plurality of parallel wavy channels for deflecting the fluid in a zig-zag manner.

i. A turbine engine comprising a rotor constructed to form a plurality of wavy unrestricted paths extending transversely through said rotor, with the waves substantially transverse to the path of movement of the fluid whereby the fluid is deflected in a zig-zag manner as it passes through the rotor, and means for passing motive fluid through said passages.

5. A turbine engine comprising a rotor having a plurality of compartments open to opposite ends of one of their transverse dimensions, means for passing motive fluid through the compartments, walls for said compartments, opposite walls of each compartment being of such form as to deflect the motive fluid, and other walls at substantially right angles to said opposite walls, having substantially parallel wavy surfaces for deflecting the fluid in a zig-zag manner.

6. A turbine engine comprising a rotor having a plurality of compartments open to opposite ends 01" one of their transverse dimensions, means for passing motive fluid through the compartments, walls for said compartments, opposite walls of each compartment being of such form as to deflect the motive fluid, and to form a path of progressively increasing capacity for the fluid and other Walls at substantiallyv right angles to said opposite walls having substantially parallel wavy surfaces dividing each compartment into a plurality of wave-like unrestricted channels for deflecting the fluid in a zig-zag manner.

7. A turbine engine comprising a rotor, and means for passing motive fluid through the rotor, said rotor being constructed with a plurality of unrestricted transverse passages for the fluid, each of said passages forming a plurality of consecutive effort stages.

8. A turbine engine comprising a rotor, and means for passing motive fluid through the rotor, said rotor being constructed with a plurality of unrestricted transverse passages for the fluid, each of said passages forming a plurality of consecutive efl'o-rt stages of progressively increasing capacities.

9. A turbine engine comprising a rotor having a plurality of compartments open to opposite ends of one of their transverse dimensions and means for passing motive fluid thrlough the compartments, each of said compartments having a plurality of unrestricted passages of progressively increasing capacities, each of said passages forming a plurality of consecutive eflort stages of successively increasing capacities.

10. A turbine engine comprising a rotor ring constructed to form an annular space, a plurality of members extending through said rotor ring dividing said space into a plurality of open ended compartments, a plurality of substantially parallel blades having unbroken surfaces normal to said dividing members, subdividing each of said compartments into a plurality of parallel passages, and means for directing motive fluid into said passages.

11. A turbine engine comprising an annular rotor ring open transversely, means for passing motive fluid through said ring, and parallel corrugated blades in said ring dividing it into a plurality of unrestricted wavy channels whereby the fluid is deflected from side to side as it passes transversely through the ring.

12. A turbine engine comprising an annular rotor ring open to its peripheries, a nozisle-casingadjacent the inner periphery of said ring constructed to form an expansion nozzle for motive fluid oblique to the radii of the rotor ring; and parallel corrugated blades in said ring dividing it into a plurality of unrestricted wavy channels with the waves substantially transverse to the path of movement of the fluid whereby the fluid is deflected from side to side as it passes through the ring.

13. A turbine engine comprising an annular rotor ring open transversely, members dividing the ring transversely into a plurality of compartments, corrugated blades in said ring dividing its compartments into a plurality of parallel Wavy channels, and means for passing motive fluid through said compartments and channels.

let. A turbine engine comprising an annular rotor ring open to its peripheries, curved deflecting members extending from the inner to the outer periphery of the ring dividing said ring transversely into a'plurality of compartments, corrugated blades in said ring dividing its compartments into a plurality of parallel Wavy channels, and means for passing motive fluid through said compartments and channels.

15. A turbine engine comprising an annular rotor ring open to its peripheries, members extending from the inner to the outer periphery of the ring dividing said ring transversely into a plurality of compartments, transverse deflector blades aflixed to the ring near its outer periphery and intermediate said divided members, means for passing motive fluid through said compartments and corrugated blades in said ring dividing its compartments into a plurality of parallel Wavy channels whereby the fluid is deflected from side to side as it passes through the ring.

16. A turbine engine comprising an annular rotor ring open to its peripheries, curved deflecting members extending from the inner to the outer periphery of the ring, dividing said ring transversely into a plurality of compartments, corrugated blades in said. ring dividing its compartments into a plurality of Wavy channels With the Waves substantially transverse to the path of movement of the fluid whereby the fluid-is deflected from side to side as it passes through the ring, and means for passing motive fluid through said compartments and chan nels from the inside of the rin 17. A turbine engine comprising an annular rotor ring open to its peripheries, curved deflecting members extending from the inner to the outer periphery of the ring dividing said ring transversely into a plurality of compartments, transverse deflector blades aflixed to the ring near its outer periphery and intermediate said curved members, corrugated blades in said ring dividing its compartments into a plurality of parallel Wavy channels with the Waves substantially transverse to the path of movement of the fluid whereby the fluid is deflected from side to side as it passes through the ring, and a nozzle-casing adjacent the inner periphery of said ring constructed to form an expansion nozzle oblique to the radii of the rotor ring.

18. A reversible turbine engine comprising a pair of annular rotor rings open to their peripheries arranged side by side, a plurality of nozzle-casings adjacent the inner periphery of one of said rings and covering said periphery, another plurality of nozzle-casings adjacent the inner periphery of the other ring and covering its inner periphery, each of said casings being constructed to form -a plurality of nozzles oblique to the radii of the rotor rings, the nozzles of the casings adjacent the periphery of one of said rings being inclined in a common angular direction, and the nozzles in the casings adjacent the other ring being inclined in a common opposite angular direction, a valve for each of the nozzle casings and independent means for actuating said valves. p

19. A turbine engine comprising a rotor ring constructed to form an annular space open to the peripheries of said ring, members extending through said rotor ring from one periphery to the other dividing said space transversely into a. plurality of open ended compartments, substantially parallel blades in said ring dividing its compartments into a plurality of channels, and a nozzle adjacent a periphery of said ring and oblique thereto for passing motive fluid through said passages.

20. A turbine engine comprising an annular rotor ring open to its peripheries, members dividing the ring transversely into a plurality of compartments and blades in said ring dividing its compartments into a plurality of parallel channels, a plurality of nozzle-casings adjacent a periphery of said ring, each of said casings being constructed to form an expansion nozzle oblique to the radii of the rotor ring, and means associated with each nozzle-casing for controlling the admission of motive fluid through its nozzle to the rotor.

21. A turbine engine comprising an annular rotor ring open to its peripheries, curved deflecting members extending from the in nor to the outer periphery of the ring dividing said ring transversely into a plurality of compartments and corrugated blades in said ring dividing its compartments into a plurality of parallel Wavy channels, a plurality of nozzle-casings adjacent the inner periphery of said ring, each of said casings being constructed to form a plurality of expansion nozzles oblique to the radii of the rotor ring and means associated With each nozzle-casing for controlling the admission of motive fluid through its nozzles to the rotor.

22. A turbine engine comprising an annular rotor ring open to its peripheries, curved deflecting members extending from the inner to the outer periphery of the ring dividing said ring transversely into a plurality of compartments, transverse deflector blades allixed to the ring near its outer periphery and intermediate said curved members, a plurality of nozzle-casings adjacent the inner periphery of said ring and covermg said periphery, each of said casings be- V tending its compartments into a plurality of parallel \vavy channels whereby the fluid is deflect-ed from side to side as it passes through the rlng.

23. A turbine engine comprising a pair of annular rotor rings open to their peripheries arranged side by side, members in said rings dividing them transversely into a plurality of compartments, blades in each ring dividing its compartments into a plurality of parallel channels; and a plurality of nozzle-casings adjacent the inner periphery of each ring, each of said casings being constructed to form an expansion nozzle oblique to the radii of the rotor rings and means associated With each nozzle-casing for controlling the admission of motive fluid through its nozzle to the rotor.

24:. A reversible turbine engine comprising a pair of annular rotor rings open to their peripheries arranged side by side, curved deflecting members in each ring exfrom the inner to the outer peripheries of the rings dividing the rings transversely into a plurality of compartments, blades in said rings dividing its compartments into a plurality of parallel channels; a plurality of nozzle-casings adjacent the inner periphery of each ring, each of said casings being constructed to form a plurality of expansion nozzles oblique to the radii of the rotor rings, a valve associated with each nozzle-casing for controlling the admission of motive fluid through its 11ozzles to the rotor rings, and independent means for actuating said valves.

25. A reversible turbine engine comprising a pair of annular rotor rings open to their peripheries arranged side by side, curved deflecting members in each of said rings extending from the inner to the outer peripheries of the rings dividing the rings transversely into a plurality of compartments, transverse deflector blades afiixed to the rings near the outer peripheries thereof and intermediate said curved members, corrugated blades in said rings dividing their compartments into a plurality of parallel Wavy channels With the Waves substantially transverse to the path of move ment of the fluid through the compar ments; a plurality of nozzle-casings adjacent the inner peripheries of said rings, each of said casings being constructed to form a plurality of expansion nozzles oblique to the radii of the rotor rings, the nozzles in' the casings adjacent one of said rings being inclined in common angular direction and the nozzles in the casings opposite the other ring being inclined in an opposite common angular direction, a valve for each nozzlecasing for controlling the admission of motive fluid through its nozzles to the rotor and independent means for manually actuating said valves.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of tWo Witnesses, this 7th day of October, 1912.

EMIL ANDERSON.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

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