US976109A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

C. W. WELLMAN.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED Amm, 1909.

yy l atente Nov. 15, 1910.

UNTED PA'ZENT FiFltiCE@ CALVIN W. WELLMAN, OF SOUTH BOARDMAN, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR T0 HATTIE .'M.

' WELLMAN, OF OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN.

TURBINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CALviN W. l/VELLMAN,

a citizen ofthe United States, and a resident of South Boardman, in the county of Kal- `kaska and State of Michigan, have invented a certain new and useful Turbine; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the ligures of reference marked thereon, which form a. part of' this specification.

My invention relates to rotary motors or engines of the class adapted to be operated by steam, gases, water or other fluid under pressure.

The primary object of my invention is to provide a moto or engine of this class of such construction as to be thoroughly practical, of high efficiency and economy in the use of steam or other operating fluid, cheap of manufacture, and capable of being easily and quickly put togetherin building and readily added to for the purpose of enlarging its capacity and horsepower efficiency, and which will require less fluid for operating it per horsepower and be capable of a greater number of revolutions per minute with perfect safety than is possible' with the motors now in use.

Further objects of my invention as well as the operation, construction and arrangement of the parts thereotl are fully described in the following specification, and while in its broader aspect it is capable of' being embodiedin numerous forms, two forms of the saine are illustrated in the accompanying` drawings, in which,-

Figure 1 is a side elevation ot' my turbine with portions in section on the line ai cc in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-section on the line y y in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a portion of a slightly modified form of the turbine with portions of the saine broken away and part of the. blades removed. Fig. 4 is a central vertical cross-section of the same. F ig. 5 is an enlarged section of a portion of the rotor of such form. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of one of the blades used,`

in Figs. 1 and 2, and Eig. 7 is a simi'larview of one of the blades used in Figs. 3, al and 5.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 6 of the drawings, l designates the turbine shaft, which is -gether by screws 15 or the like.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Nov, 15, 191ML Application 'mea April a, 1909.

Serial No. 487,491.

journaled in suitably packed bearings 2, Q, provided centrally of the sides 3, 3 of the casing and has the usual rotor keyed thereto.

Secured between Irhe rim portions of the two sides 3, 3, is aimg 4, which surrounds the rotor and is annularlyy cored, except at the' bottom thereof where the exliaust'ports 5 are located, to provide a st'canror fluid chest 6, or as many of the saineas is desired, substantially around the rotor. A. steam head 7, having communication with a source of supply, is secured to the top of' the ring i and has feed ports 8 opening into the annular chest or chests 6 thereof'.

9 designates a pedestal support for the casing and has the exhaust' passage 10 therethrtigh in communication with the ports 5 of the ring il. The sides 3 and peripheral ring 4 of the casing are securely bound t0- gether by bolts 11 or in any othersuitable manner.

The rotor may comprise any number of like blade-carrying parte or rotor sections, depending upon (he power desired, each of which is made up of two disks 12, 12, the major portions oi which are laterally spaced to form annular chambers 13 theri-abetween, due to their abutting` hub ends being extended, as at 111-, said disks being secured to- The disks 13 have their rim portions provided with thennnular inwardly projecting flanges 16, which are broadened and shown in the present' instance as having their inner faces annularly grooved. as at 17, to form seats for the interposed blades 1S.

'iho blades 18,131 the construction of which a very iin'iorta'ut :feature of my invention resides, are preferably stamped from sheet metal, with one en d itrucl up substantially at right angles to the body thereof to provide a steam iinpinging hook or lip 19, and its sides provided with wings 20, whichnre bent at right angles to the blade body in the saine direction as the hook 1S) and project a suitable distance from the sides of the blade, due to the thicki'iess of the metal, to seat within [he grooves 17 of the disk flanges 1G. rl`he wings Q0"also serve to space the successive blades from each other, being of suitable length Jfor such purpose, and coinbine lo cinnpletely fill the grooves 1T so that the blades are rigidly held thereby against relative lateral movements.

1n positioning the blades in the grooves 17 they are placed with their body portions disposed diagonally of the grooves, the corners of the wings 20 being clipped, as at 21, for such purpose, and with the hooks 19 thereof disposed outwardly and in the. saine direction relative to the rotor periphery. The hooks 19 being disposed substantially at right-angles to the blade bodies and such bodies lying diagonally ot the grooves 1T prevents any of the actuating steam or tluid, which is directed thereto at substantially a tangent to the rotor, from escaping outwardly, but causes it to take an inwardly disposed backward course between the 4blades and into the annular chamber 13 of the rotor. The lips or hooks 20 are tapered to a knife edge to assist in cutting and direct-ing a-ll of the steam impinging thereagainst inwardly. Should the lips 19 be bent outward slightly' from the form shown so as to permit a portion of the actuating fluid to slide oli such lips and escape outwardly it is found that the elliciency of the motor would be very much lessened and that it is lazy in starting.

22 designa-te the steam nozzles or jets which are tapped through the ring or rings 4, if a plurality be used, at substantially av tangent to the rotor periphery and have their discharge endsundercut, as shown, to provide an overhanging lip whereby a plurality of blades are exposed to the nozzle orifice at one time and the steam is pre- ,vented from escaping except through the spaces between the blades and into the central annular chamber 13 of the rotor. The nozzles have heir outer ends closed by plugs 23 and receive ,steam from the chests G through perforations Ql in the walls of the nozzles.

In order for the steam which enters the chamber 13 in the rotor to find an exit therefrom it is necessary for it to pass outwardly through the spaces between the blades and the apertures 25 provided in the disk flanges 16 and into t-he annular space 2G surrounding the rotor within the casing, from whence it exhausts through the exhaust ports 5 and passage 10 at the bottom of the casing. It is found that the etliciency of the motor is consideral'lly increased by causing the exhaust steam to take this course instead of having an axial exhaust from the rotor and housing. y

For the purpose of enlarging or decreasing the size of the motor to change its ca pacity the ring 4 composed-of sections, each of which is substantially equal in width to the width of a rotor section and has its edges interlocking with the contiguous sections or with a section and edge of a side 3,

- as shown at 27, or in any other suitable manner. 'lhe rotor sections are also adapted to be placed side by side on the shaft. It 1s thus apparent that to enlarge the capacity of the motor it. is only necessary to remove one of the 4sides 3 and place the desired shaft in abutting position and then to build out the casing by adding a number of ring sections thereto corresponding to the rotor sections added, after which the removed side is secured in position to the other casing parts by the bolts 11. lV hen the sides are bolted together their internal hub ends 28 abut against the outer sides of the end rotors of the set and prevent lateral movements thereof on the shaft. p

In Figs. Z3, -Ll, 5 and 7, in which a slightly diiterent form of my invention is shown, 2f), 2t) designate the side walls of the casing; 30 the shaft journaled therein; 31 the ring or peripheral portion of the .casing which connects the sides and is secured thereto by screws Si), and S3 designates the rotor. lIhis rotor, if two sets of blades are employed, comprises the two outer disk members 3st, 34, and the interposed disk member 35, which are spaced apart and faced on their contiguous sides with disks 36 of sheet metal.` The disks 36 are preferably made as large as the disks 3st and B5, except for the provision of annular llangcs at the edges of said latter disks, which flanges embrace the edges of the sheet metal disks, as shown 37 in Fie. 5. stantially the same in construction as the blades of the other form Iexcept that in lieu of the wings 20 the blades are formed with lugs or ears 39 adapted to tit into registering slots Ll() (Fig. 3) in the sheet metal disks 3G and to have their ends riveted orupset to prevent \\'ithdrawal. The slots 40 are annularly arranged around the disks 36 near their edges and are diagonally disposed the same as in the Jform first described. The several disks composing the rotor 33 with The blades 38 of the rotor are sub' the interposed blades are secured together by bolts 41. members 34- and 35 is to strengthen thesheetmetal disks against the lateral pressure o steam within the rotor.

It is preferable, with both forms of blades shown, to longitudinally taper the body portions threof from their hooked ends outwardly, as shown in Fig. 7, to make the spaces between the blades of substantially the same thickness from one end to the otherV thereof, as otherwise such spaces narrow from their outer ends inwardly.

#t2 designates the nozzles, which lead from annular chests in the-sides 29. In this construction the blades i6 of the two" sets are shownas being reversely arranged so that'when steam is ejected against one set of blades the rotor will be driven in the reverse direction to what it. will when the steam is ejected' againstthe other set. Y A l It is appa rcntthat I have provi-ded a turbine of simple, cheap and' light construction,

and one that may bev easily' and quickly as- The only purpose of the disk f lic sembled, disassembled or repaired, and which ma)v7 also he readily enlarged as occasion or demand may require. It has been dem0nstrated with the torni of blades shown and the manner of arranging' them in the rotor that the rotor responds instantly to the action of the steam thereon when starting', and that the entire energy of the steam is eX- peuded on the bla-des due to Ithe decided hooked form thereof. i

I Wish it understood thatl my invention is not limited-to any specific constrmttion orv arrangement of the parts except in so lar as such limitationsI are specified in the claims.

Haring thus described my invention, what l claim as ne and desire to secure byfLettere Patent, is,-

1. ln a turbine, a rotor comprising lsheet metal disks. blades secured between such disks, and reinforcing members for such disks.

In a turbine, a rotor comprising spaced sheet metal disks, bladesl secured to and spacing such disks, and strengthening members embracingl the outer sides of the disks and formingr the rotor hub, and means Se- 3. In a turbine. a rotor comprising' spaced disk members, sheet metal 'acine's for the inner sides. ol. such meml'iers, and blades secured to said facings.

1. In a turbine a rotor comprising` spaced disk members, sheet metal 'facings for the inner Sides ot said members, said facings being provided with annular sets: ot' Slots, blades secured between said t'acing's and haring lugs fitting into said slots, and means for securing said parts together.

5. ln a reversible turbine, a rotor comprising a center disk, end disks spaced there from, sheet inetal-taeings t'or the contiguous sides ot said disks, said facinlejs havingopposed annular rows ot' slots, annular sets ot blades secured between the contiguous faeings and having lugs secured in the slotsl thereot, the blades` ot each set being: rerersely arranged, and ,jets for directing an actuating' fluid against said blades.

ln testimony whereof l have hereunto signed my name to this specification in the presence ot two subscribing witnesses.

Wit nesses:

linnen Owen, llkznr, i. 'Ilirrr'n

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