US1131386A - Steam-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

C. V. KBRR. STEAM TURBINE.

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C. V. KERR.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLIGATION FILED MAY 9,1914.

1,131,386. Patented Mar.9,1915.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

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www@ gg @ttor/gi C. V. KERR.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLIGATION FILED MAY 9, 1914.

Patented Mar. 9, 1915.

3 SHEETS'SHBET 3.

CHARLES V. KERR, OF WELLSVILLE, NEW YORK.

STEAM-TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 9, 1915.

Application led May 9. 1914. Serial No. 837,527.

Be it known that I. CHARLES V. Kenn, a citizen of thc United States, residing at Wellsvillc, in the county of Allegany' and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam- Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in elastic Huid turbines, and more particularly to the class known as the multi-cellular type.

` The objects of this invention are, first, to construct a casing comprising a plurality of interlocking sections, certain of thel same supporting stationary buckets, and the others supporting nozzles for directing the driving fiuid against vthe faces of rotary buckets on the rotor member of the turbine and again into the stationary buckets; second, the construction of the sections in such a manner that any one of them can be readily removed and re placed if desired, or their number can be increased or diminished to vary the owel' of the turbine; third, the provision o driving buckets and means for attaching the same to the rotor members fixed to and properly spaced apart on the shaft, and means for attaching additional deflector or stationary buckets to the casing between the driving buckets; fourth, the provision of nozzles and means for attachin f them rigidly to the cas ing to direct the deriving fluid into the rotary buckets and thence into the stationary buckets; and, fifth, the provision of a turbine which will be comparatively simple and inexpensive to manufacture, reliable and elhcient in use. and readily operated.

My invention consists of structural features and relative arrangement of elements which -will be hereinafter more fully and clearly described, and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

Referring to the three sheets of drawing, in which similar reference characters indicate the same parts in the several figures; Figure 1 is a longitudinal'seetional view'of my invention;v Fig. 2 is an end view thereof with one-half shown in transverse section; Fig. 3 is a detail Iface View of the web for carrying the removable nozzle blocks; Fig. 4 is a similar View of one of the reversing rings having a section provided with the stationary'buckets; Fig. 5 is a detail end view of one of the sectional hubs; Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view thereof; Fig. 7 is a detail face view of one of the spacing nuts; Fig. S is a transverse sectional view thereof; Fig. 9 is a detail face view of one of thc lock nuts; Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional view thcrcof; Fig. 11 is a detail view of one of the segmental nozzle blocks; Fig. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view thereof; Fig. 13 is a transverse section of one of the nozzleblocks; Fig. 14 is a detail sectional view through one of the rotary buckets; Fig. 15 is a detail side view of a bucket; Fig. 1G is a detail front view-of a bucket; Fig. 17 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of one-half of one anti-friction bearing; Fig. 18 is a detail face view of one of the anti-friction bearing rings; and Fig. 19 is a sectional and diagrammatic view on an enlarged scalo, to illustrate the operation of one set of buckets and nozzle, constituting a stage of the expansion.

Referring to the accompanying drawings in which similar reference characters indicate the same parts throughout the several views. a turbine is illustrated constructed in accordance with my invention .and con-l sists of an annula` sectional casing formed by a series of interlocked rings 1 and peripheral'flanges Q formed upon the webs or diaphragms 8. The hubs 4 of the webs 3 are recessed to receive the anti-friction bearings 5. which are held in place by the locking plates 6 (see Figs. 1, 17 and 18). The ri-'ngs 1 and flanges Q are each providedvwith interlocking annular grooves 7 and flanges 8 (see Fig. 1) between which packings are disposed to scal the Icasing and to prevent leaking. The webs 3 are provided with openings i) near their outer flanges for the reception of removable nozzle `blocks 10 on the pressure side of said webs or diaphragms 3, said blocks being provided with a series of nozzlcs 11, 1.1, as shown in Figs. 3, 11 and 12.

The open ends of the sectional casing are closed by an intake head 19. and an exhaust head 13. The former has an annular flange 11 extending toward the adjacent ring l for interlocking engagement therewith, while the exhaust head 13 is provided with a groove 15 to receive the fiange of the adjacent ring'l.

The head 1Q is formed With a chamber 16 and a main motive Huid inlet 17 which communicates with a crescent shaped steam chest 18 and with the interior of the sectional turbine casing through a series o4 26 which engages thc exhaust end of the cylinder head 13. These stuffing boxes are oiled by the cups 27.

The exhaust head 13 is provided with an improved exhaust passage preferably cast therein. said exhaust passa ge being provided with a n exhaust nozzle 25% having its smaller annular opening at the inner side of the head 13 adjacent to and in communication with the final exhaust from the turbine buckets, or exhaust ends of the series of buckets on the last rotary wheel or rotor. to be presently described. and as shown in Fig. 1. The annular exhaust nozzle 23 expands outwardly and opens into an exhaust passage 29 of increasing cross-sectional area and of volute shape, said passage 29 having an outlet or discharge 30 which is connected to the usual exhaust pipe leading to the atmosphere or condenser, as desired. The bottom of the volute shaped passage 29 is provided with an opening 31 having a valve, not shown, to drain any water of condensation or oil which may collect at this point. This type of exhaust head and passage may be applied to other forms of turbines, and I do not herein make claim to this specific construction, as this is the subjectsniatter of a separate and independent application, filed by me on Feb. 7, 191' Serial No. 817,325.

A rotary shaft 32 passes through the stuffing boxes 24 and 25. and bearings 5 and 22, and has sockets 33 formed therein at intervals throughout its length, for the reception of keys or pins 34 which retain the sectional hubs 35 thereon at the desired points of the shaft (seeFigs. 1, 5 and 6). Rotary disks 36 are threaded on each hub and are held in spaced relation upon either side of the inwardly extending flanges 37 formed upon the grooved ends of the rings 1, by spacing nuts 38 and locking nuts 39, which are notched to receive a tool whereby they can be readily rotated (sce Figs. 1, 7, 8, 9 and k10). The outer edge of the disks 36 are formed with a series of dovetail grooves 40 to receive the dovetail stems 41 of the rotary driving buckets 42 (see Figs. 1, 14, 15, 16 and 19) said buckets42 having concave front faces 43 and convex rear faces 444, and being arranged in spaced series as shown in Figs.

1 and 2 (f the drawings. The inwardly extending flanges 37 are formed with similar grooves 45 toreceive corresponding stationary deflecting buckets 46 provided with convex front faces 47 and concave rear faces 48 (see Fig. 19). These buckets 46 are arranged in series similar to the buckets 42. A pipe 49 between the sectional turbine casing and outer heat retaining shell 50 extends from the chamber 16 and enters the interior of the casing through an opening 51 in advance of the last stage of expansion, as shown in Fig. 1, for the purpose of conveying the motive fluid leaking through the packing 22 into the chamber 1G to a lower stage of the expansion and recover the en- .ergy therefrom, which would otherwise be lost.

The operation of the invention is as follows: The motive fluid or live steam after passing through a governor valve, not

shown, is convQYCd b5 the pipe u into a y crescent-sliaped steam chest 13 at the intake end of the casing (see Figs. 1 and 17), and from said chest passes through the eXpanding nozzles 20 into the interior of the casing. The motive fluid or steam in passing through the nozzles 20 is expanded, and with a certain velocity impinges against the first set of rotatable buckets 42 upon the periphery of the adjacent disk 3G, and into and through the concave stationary buckets 46 wherein the motive fluid is reversed in direction and guided to properly impinge on `the concave side of' the next series of rotatable buckets 42 and completing the first stage of expansion. After the motive fluid has completed the first stage of expansion, the fluid passes through the series of nozzle blocks 11 in the first stationary divisional web or diaphragm 3 and the above described operation is repeated through the various stages of expansion, which in the present case is four., as illustrated in Fig. 1, and then finally passes through the exhaust nozzle 28 into the exhaust passage 29 and to the condenser.

It will be seen that any number of sta es of expansion can be had, depending upon ille initial pressure 'of the live steam, the number of interlocking rings 1 and flanges 2 with the nozzles 11. stationary buckets 46 and rotatable buckets 42, employed. The motive Huid is expanded in each set or series of noz zles 11 to a pressure designed for that particular stage of expansion, and the buckets 42 and 46 are adapted and cooperate in such a manner as not to develop an axial thrust which would tend to displace the buckets 42 and hence disturb the proper relation between the stationary and rotatable buckets. I While Ihave shown and described two sets of rotatable buckets and one set of stationary reversing buckets between said rotatable buckets for each stage of expansion, this number may be easily varied without materially changing the construction of the rings 1 and flanges 2. It Will also be seen from the foregoing construction and operation of the turbine, that the nozzle blocks 10 on the pressure side of the webs or diaphragms 3,

insure an increased area as the fluid expands from stage to stage, and the drop in pressure of the fluid between the stages is such for the converging nozzles, that it gives the maxi mum velocity of the fluid for the given nozzlc area and widest range of load on the turbine without affecting the nozzle or jet efficiency.

From the foregoing description of the structural features, mode of assembling the different parts, and the manner of operation, it will be readily seen that I have devised a turbine which will be comparatively simple and inexpensive to manufacture, reliable and efficient in use, and. readily operated.

Various changes may be made in the specie construction of the turbine, and while I have shown my preferred form, I do not care to limit myself to these specific arrangements as they could be modified in many ways Without departing from the spirit of my invention, and still accomplish the same results.

What I claim is 1. A multicellular compound turbine comprising a cylinder composed of a series of separable and independent rings and webs or diaphragms for lthe several stages of expansion of the motive fluid, a rotary shaft extending through each of said diaphragms, nozzles 'passing through said diaphiagms near their outer edges, each of said rings having an inwardly projecting flange provided with a series of reversing buckets, a rotary Wheel on each side of the flanges and secured to the shaft, a series of driving buckets on the periphery of said rotary wheels and adjacent to the reversing buckets and in proximity to and receiving the motive fluid from the nozzles, a motive fluid inlet connected with the first stage of expansion and an exhaust connected with the last stage of expansion. 4.

2. AV multicellular compound turbine comprising a cylinder composed of a series of interlocking separable and independent rings and webs or diaphragms for the several stages of expansion of the motive fluid, a rotary shaft extending through each of said diaphragme, nozzles passing through said diaphragms near their outer edges, each of sai'd rings having an inwardly projecting flange provided with a series of grooves, reversing buckets secured in said grooves, a rotary wheel on each side of the flanges and secured to the shaft, a series of driving buckets on the periphery of said rotary wheels and adjacent to the reversing buckets and in proximity to and receiving the motive fluid from the nozzles, a motive fluid inlet connected with the first stage of expansion and an exhaust connected with the last stage of expansion.

' 3.V A multieellular compound turbinel comprising a cylinder composed of a series of i through each of said diaphrag separable and independent rings and webs or diaphragms forthe several stages of expansion of the motive fluid, a rotary shaft extending through each of said diaphragms, openings through' said diaphragms near their outer edges, blocks provided with nozzles secured over said openings, each of said rings having an inwardly projecting flange provided with a series of reversing buckets, a rotary wheel on each side of the flanges and secured to the shaft, a series of driving buckets on the periphery of said rotary wheels and adjacent to the reversing buckets and in proximity to and receiving the motive fluid from the nozzles, a motive fluid inlet connected with the first stage of expansion and an exhaust connected With the last stage of expansion.

4. A multicellular compound turbine comprising a cylinder composed of a4 series of separable and independent rings and webs or diaphragms for the several stages of eX- pansion of the motive fluid, each of said diaphragms being provided with a hub having a recess, an antifriction bearing supported in each of said recesses, nozzles passing through said diaphragms near their outer edges, inwardly projecting flanges on said rings provided With a series of reversing buckets, a rotary shaft extending ms and supported in the antifriction bear1ngs, a rotary wheel on each side of the flanges and secured to the shaft, a series of driving buckets on the periphery of said rotary wheels and adjacent to the reversing buckets and in proximity to and receiving the motive fluid from the nozzles, a motive fluid inlet connected with the first stage of expansion and an eX- haust connected with the last stage of expansion.

5. A multicellular compound turbine comprising a cylinder composed of a series of separable and independent rings and webs or diaphragms for the several stages of expansion of the motive fluid, nozzles passing through said diaphragms near their outer edges, each of said rings having an inwardly projecting flange provided with a series of reversing buckets, a rotary shaft having a series of radial sockets and extending through each of said diaphragms, pins in said sockets, sectional hubs engaging the pins, a rotary wheel `on each side of the flanges and securely held in spaced relation and firmly around each of said sectional hubs, a series of driving buckets on the periphery of said rotary wheels and adjacent to the reversing buckets and in proximity to and receiving the motive fluid from the nozzles, a motive fluid inlet connected with the first stage of expansion and an exhaust con,- nected with thelast stage of expansion.

6. A rotor member for turbines compris ing a rotary shaft having a series of radial sockets, pins in said sockets, sectional hubs surrounding the shaft and engaging the pins, a series of rotary Wheels in spaced relation and around each of said sectional hubs, spacing nuts interposed between the rotary wheels and surrounding the sectional hubs, locking nuts engaging said hubs for securing said wheels and spacing nuts on the hubs, and a series of driving buckets on the periphery of said rotary Wheels.

7. A rotor member for turbines comprising a rotary shaft having a series oit' radial sockets, pins in said sockets, sectional hubs surrounding and engaging the pins and provided with a flange at one end, a series of rotary Wheels in spaced relation and around each of said sectional hubs, spacing nuts interposed between the rotary Wheels and surrounding the sectional hubs, locking nuts engaging said hubs at the opposite end from that of the flange for securing said Wheels and spacing nuts on the hubs, and a series of driving buckets on the periphery of said rotary Wheels.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature 25

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