US822257A - Elastic-fluid turbine. - Google Patents

Description

Nora 22,257. PATENTED JUNE 5, 1906. w. L. R. EMMBT.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.-

APPLIOATION FILED APR. 7, 1904. RENEWED SEPT. 28, 1905 3 SHEETS-SHEET 1 12 0 (D6) KQ z w (D 40 I 4 j to .E z

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PATENTED JUNE 5, 1906.

W. L. R. EMMET. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE. APPLIOATION FILED APR. 7, 1904. RENEWED SEPT. 28. 1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

Inventor: Wi H123 L.R.Emmeb,

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Witnesses:

PATENTED JUNE 5, 1906.

W. L. R. EMMET. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE. APPLIUATION FILED-APE. 7, 1904. RENEWED SEPT. 28, 1905.

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- a citizenof the UnitedStates,

Schenectady, county of New York," have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Means for Decreas- 3 ing the Rotation Losses in Elastic Fluid' 10' alt whom it may eorwez'm "UNITED TE ATENT oFFn WILLIAM L. a. EMMET, or SOHENECTADY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL E -E'oran:

COMPANY, A CORPORATION .OF NEW YORK.

ELASTIC-FLUID TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented am 5, 1906.

Applicatiohfiled April 7,1901. Reniwads eptember 29, 1905. Serial No. 280.461.-

.' Beit known that 1, WILLIAM L. R. EMME'I,

of I Schenectady,

Turbines, of which the followingis aspecification.

By test it has been demonstrated that there is a certain loss in elastic-fluid turbines due to the fan or blower like action of the buckets and also to the friction between the I wheel and the'surrounding vbody of motive fiuid.- These are commonly referred to as rotation lossesf and decrease the efficiency T locities.

of the turbine to a greater or less extent, because energy is consumed which does not result in useful Work. The losses vary in different types of machine and also in machines of the same type having different angular ve' The character of the Wheel construction' also has a bearing. All things be} ing equal, the greater the density ofthe surrounding medium the greater will be the loss. From this it follows that the rotation lossesdue to a wheel subjected to motive fluid at atmospheric pressure or above is ing the rotation losses.

greater than with a wheel by a condenser.

The present invention has for its object to increase the efficiency of a turbine, by decreasdirectly acted upon In carrying out my invention the turbine is provided with as many stages and as many rows of wheel-buckets as are necessary, and the latter may be'ofany-desired shape or form and arrangedin any suitable manner. MO1- .tiye fluid is supplied to the buckets by means of a' nozzle or nozzles or other discharging devices of any suitable construction. Where two or more rows of whecl buckets are provided in each stage, intermediate buckets are arranged between adjacent rowsand receive the motive fluid from one row of buckets and direct it against the nextat the proper angle. These intermediates are usually, although not necessarily, arranged to extend only partly around the wheel or wheels of the high-pressure stageor stages; In the lowe pressure stage "or stages. they mayextend en tirely around. the Whe l d ed residing at I State or other motive fluid is a hood, inclosure, or

jvided' for the whole, which may and arranged to inclose all but the active portion of the wheel or-buckets receiving steam mask, which can be'constructed in a variety of ways. This hood maybe a part of the main structure or it may be made separate.

I have chosen to illustrate as one embodiment a construction wherein walls having .smooth surfaces are provided on opposite sides of the idle wheel-buckets, or those l Situated in close proximity to, the buckets 4 out of range of' the column of steam. dis

charged by the nozzle or; nozzles. These Walls conform in a general wa y to the contour of the wheel and are located in close proximity- Situated outside'of the ends of the Wheel-buckets is a cylindrical wall, which may extend'entirely around the wheel or only a limited portion thereof. -Wherezthe outer ends of the buckets are closed in by a cover, a

sm'allspace should be left between it and the wall to revent the liquid given up by the motive uid from collecting therein and act On the other hand;

ing as a waterbrake.

the wall must be near. reducing rotationlosses. an escape for the liquid-particles glven'up enough to assist in by the steam or other'motive fluid which may be discharged through the clearances, radial or otherwise, between relatively movable buckets, passages are provided, and these passages can'convenientlybe formed in the "end wall or between the side walls on opposite sides of the Wheel and the end or sur-- rounding wall. The parts of the hood-exposed to the wheel'should lie given a smoothfinishin so far as it is practicable. 'Care should also be exercised in making the wheelbody and attached Where a number of Wheels or a'number of rows ofjwheel-buckets are'provided in a single stage, it is advantageous to inclose each event of a number of wheels'or rows of buckets being used it simplifies the construction if the walls adjacent to each row' of wheel- "buckets are joinedtogether ail'd abase proest onthe: diaphragm between stagesror other support. I may, howeyer,

' In order to provide partssmooth as far as .posslble.

.;wheel'or row in "the'manner specified. In

make the hood, covering, or

mask out of anu mber of pieces orout of a active'inlet side of "hood may be :mounted on thesam e or v same structure may-be used for closing in'the to place. a rin between each pair in 7 the exhaust side of the lastwheel a space "the wheel toward theshaft.

1 jacent' stage of. lower.

. Wlieeland discharging devicesto a; greater or j "main casing;- and 6d fect of the-wheel-is felt but little or not at all. Owing tothe fac t that'the f exhaust fluid in the hood is divided into two parts,

1 nozzles or other discharging devices.

.. somewhat smallerthan' the casing, so thatfa chamber can be varied to. suit' the requirements; but it should be large enough to ac- I cor'nmo'date a considerable yoluine of motive 'fluid. "The fluid in said chamber is quiet, or relatively so, so that in the case of steam acting.

permittedto separate, so thatit canbecol- $5" Y passages: 'To'-' state thejmatter in a different -way, the

iiferent wheela the inactive discharge sideof zonerow, and'the in he adjacent row. The I divided into an number of 1 parts tosuit "the requirements", and this. whethfir one or more wheels areprovided in 7 each 's age.

[and the first-stage casing is removable like the cover of abox. v

.Where separate wheel-'disksare provided and strung on the same shaft, it is desirable .such manner that'access of r'notiveiilu-Id to the central. portion of the wheels is prevented. On.

more or less great is-iormed3dn which exhaust' steam or other"flluid from the. wheel is collected. order to 'reducethe friction or drotatlon losses-at this point,- thelast-side wall orextension. thereof is made deeper. in the radial dimensionand'is extended well under 1 Themotive'fiuid passes'to the second or ad ressure through suitthe is hragni connecting with nozzles" or, o'ther'gdischarging devices.

Since the same construction as'the first is or may be 'fol] owed in a subsequent stage, turablepassages in more effectively .direct the; exhaust motive fluid from one wheel compartment or stage to the next, radially extending passages may be-provided which discharge intO ,1 adjacent to the passages leading to the," subsequent The hoo'd; inclosure," or mask is made chamber is' provided which surrounds the less extent and'is filled with motive fluid exhausting from the wheel. The size of-the as the motive fluid the water contained there i. 1n, w h1ch is released 1) expansion, instead'd'f being retained -in a, nelyf divided state is ected and removed through suitably-formed "idle t nbine-bu'ckets are inclosed by which is locatedwithin the between -the hood andtthe' casing Isa chamber wherein the rotating ef=1 ances r -mask,

the chamber is out of the whirling effect of the wheel, thenecessary time element is-prc- In one construction'illustrated employed.

which may extend singlepiece. tw o'gormore row of {to be discharged jobviouslythe more liLQiQ-m -.wheel buckets are em loyed andei her I ture that is removed the less revaporation takes place, and the eflicien'cy'iof the turbine rnask theidle wheelabuckets of each row, as

specified but. certain advantages will follow where the incl'osure is not so complete, and I aim to embracethis inthe claims. a The arts of the hood .rcann t be mainnot be confused with rotary-engine construetions wherein the rotary piston engages the walls and receives steam from aportand after being advanced -a-:;certain angular-distance discharges the steam into a second port. Obviously the proved construction would be fatal to t e op Jeration of a rotary engine. -It will be seen that, the turbineis of the multistage type and'jfurtlier, that each stage contams a compound wheel. The wheel may be compounded" smahy times as is necessary to properly bstract the energy from the fluid. stream discharged from the nozzle or nozzles Where more than a single nozzle is sages, the hood for reducing rotationilqsses, covers a correspondingly smaller number of;

idle buckets has been changed.

" In order. to prevent objectionable eddying of the exhaust steam or other'motive fluid in the plane of the wheel, a means is provided arallel or substantially parallel to the lastw eel, and on the opposite side from thewheel the said meansmay'be provided with means for,.'conveying-the steam away from thewh'eel-fiange as itfl-ows to the adjacntnozzles; Between the stages Lmay employ one or .more I passage of fluid from ons-to the other, 'the matica-lly; v

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of. my invention Figure 1 is a artial ve tical section of a vertical-. shaft tur ine. 'Fi 2 is a horizontal sec'- tionalview of the same.- fxFig. 3 is a perspec--; the view illustratin a part of thehood, toe getherwithithecori uits or passage-ways for tional view of a turbine having three rows of vided to permit the minuteparticles of'wdte'r mediates.

said valves being operated by hand or autowheel buckets per stage and adjustable intertamed-1n frictional contact with the revolving wheel buckets on account of the high speed I ,-.oi. the latter, and henc'ethe invention must composed of one or a group of'pas' I buckets, because the proportion of active torod 'valves'for. regulating the conveyihgmotive fluid from the center of the Tro diaphragm or separator 4, provided with thenecessary passages for conveying steam. or other motive fluid to the second-stage no'zzles. 6 represents the shaft, and mounted thereonare wheels 7 each provided with a peripheral row of buckets 8. The wheels are secured together by bolts19, and-the space between the wheelsis cut oil from the steam- I space by the rings '10, which are let into therefrom issues as a solid column.

- that rests'on the diaphragm 4 between stages.

grooves formed in the side faces of the'wheel. Supported by the casings and in line with the wheel-buckets are one or more nozzles '11 of suitable construction. These nozzles may be of the expanding or non-expanding type, as is desired, and are preferably composed of a plurality of closely-associated passages or sections so arranged that the fluid dischageiii ac section may be controlled by a separate valve under the control'of a speed-responsive devioe or two or more sections may have a common valve. Situated in line with the nozzle and covering a somewhat greater are of fluid from. onewheehcompartmentgto an than the nozzle itself are intermediate buckets 12, which are supported by a frame 13, that is bolted to the outside of the casing and may or may not be adjustable. Detachable observation-plates" 1 L are-provided, so that the clearances between the relatively moving parts can be measured or observed. The intermediate buckets are adjustable toward and away from the wheel-buckets in an axial. plane: Situated above the idle buckets of the first wheel is a s'mooth'side wall or plate 15., which runs in close proximity to the wheel and buckets, but is out oi contact therewith. Between the first and second Wheels is a side wall or plate 16, which covers the under side of the idle buckets in the first wheel and may, and preferably does, cover the upper side of the idle buckets in the second wheel. Situated below the idle buckets of the second wheel is a smooth side wall or.

plate-17, which is'similar to the wall or plate 16. Situated below the last wheel and covering its idle buckets is the wall or plate 18. This wall or plate, together with those previously mentioned, is supported by a base 19,

Surrounding the covers of the various I wheel-buckets and'located inside of the cas ing are cylindric alwalls 2O whichmay extend entirely aroundthe wheel or only around the idle buckets, as desired. These walls are situated between adjacent plates, andbetween' I of the the side and end walls are'one or more radially-extending passages 21,. through which the water released by expansionof the steam is discharged. The side and endwalls are, preferably formed-in a single casting, the said casting being divided into two or more parts, as is desired. 1 have used the term side walls to designate those walls occupy- 'ing positions at the receiving and exhaust sides of the wheel-buckets, and while they are shown as flat they (may be curved, if desired, to make them-conform more closely to the shape of the wheel. The term end walls is used to designate those walls which surround the outer ends of the buckets, or the cover where such a construction isemployed.

Attached to the lower plate 18 and situated between it and the shaft isa segmental plate or wall 22.2 As the wheel rotates within a chamber containing a more or less dense fluid medium, there is a tendency for eddy-currents to be created in a radial direction from the center of the wheel outward, and this wall or plate decreases these eddy-currents to a very great degree, if, in fact, it does not entirely prevent them. Attached to the underside late 22 are conduits or assagewvays 23, which convey motive fluid rom the cen tralportion of the wheel-chamber to the outer portion thereof, where it is discharged into the passages 5, of'which there are several, leading to the nozzles of the second stage.

When it is desired to regulate the passage other, one ormore valves, 24 may be provided, which are operated by means external to the Wheel-casing. Eachvalveis provided with a flat under surface which engages the upper side of the dia hragm or wall containing the passage 5, lea ing to the nozzles ofthe adacent stage. The upper surface; of the valve is cored out to receive a nut 25, through which the actuator 26' extends. The actuator is guided by the valve itself and extends through a packing-'27, supported by the cas ing, and is moved manually or-otherwi'se.

Ioo

Rotating the actuator causes the valve to move in or out, depending upon thedirec tion of rotation. he-valve or valves may be located between sections of the base 19, or

it or they may be located in openings formed therein. The valve may be operated hand or by motors under thecontrol of the same governor which regulates the action of; the first-stage valves. The water that is collected in the-chambe 28, which is located between the. hood andthe casing, can be drawn off in anysuitab'le manner-as, for example, by the. valved pipe 29, Fig. 2. g In accordance with the provisions'of the patent statutes 1 have described theprinciple of operation of my inventiomitogether with the apparatus which I nowconsider to represent the best embodimentthereof; but

4o device for discharging I desireto have it understood that the apparati'is shown is only illustrative and that the invention may be carried out by other'means. What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising intermediate buckets, two or more rows of wheel-buckets, and a device for discharging motive fluid against them, in combination with means presenting a smooth surface and acting on the idle buckets to reduce the rotation losses.

2. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a bucket-wheel, and-a sectionalized nozzle or device for discharging motive fluid against it, in combination with a hood which is located in proximity to the idle Wheel-buckets for reducing rotation losses.

. 3. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a compound bucket-wheel, and a device for discharging motive fluid against it, in combi-- nation-with a'liood for reducing rotation losses, which comprises a Wall that is situated adjacent to the idle buckets.

4. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a casing, a bucket-wheel, and a device for discharging motive fluid against the Wheel, in

combination with a hood having a smooth wall in close roximity to the buckets, and a passage for ischarging the liquid given up y the motive fluid. i

5. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a casing, a bucketwheel, anda device for discharging motive fluid against it, in combination with a hood comprisin walls situated onopposite sides of the id e buckets, and assages for discharging the liquid given up y the motive fluid. I

6. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a bucket-wheel and a sectionalized nozzle or motive fluid against it, in combination with a hood comprising .Walls situated on opposite sides of the idle buckets, and awall surrounding said buckets.

1 .posite sides of the idle buckets,

or more rows of wheel-buckets and a'device as1-- is'ch'argingfmotive fluid against in combination with a means acting on 1 them,

.7. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a bucket-wheel-and a device for discharging motive fluid against it, in combination with a hoodicomprisingside walls situated on opan end wall surrounding said buckets, and a discharge.- passage forrthe liquid given up by the m0- tive fluid. v

. .8. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising two having a group of closely-associated sages-for the idle buckets of each of the wheels to rev, duce' rotation losses, and a support which is 6,07

common to the said means.

9. Anielastic-fluid turbine comprisin two hood comprising Walls which cover the idle support common and a support w end buckets, other walls which cover'those between the ends, and a supportwhich is.

common to all of the walls.

1 0.- An elastic fluid turbine j comprising two or more rows of wheel-buckets and'a device for discharging motive fluid against them in combination with a hood made up of segmental side walls and se walls which cover the idle buc ets, and a segmental.

11. An elastic -fluid turbine comprising separate wheel compartments or shells ,-buck ets carried on the wheel-peripheries,nozzles for discharging the motive fluid in an axial direction, a plurality of discharging devices for directing fluid into the adjacentstage of lower pressure,'and a conduit or passa e for to the walls, which is also mental end conveying motive fluid from the'centra part of a Wheel-chamber to: the saiddischarging devices. i

12. An elastic-fluid turbine comprisingyga bucket-wheel and a device for discharging fluid against it, in combination witha means acting as a cover or hood for the idle buckets,

and an outwardly-extending conduit or passage-way. discharging motive fluid; 1

13. An elastic-fluid turbine comprisinga bucket-wheel and a device for discharging motive fluid against it, in combination with-a hood for the idle buckets, a plurality of out- 'wardly-extendin duits or passage-ways.

I 14. An elastic-fluid turbine 'comprisinga bucket-wheel and devices for "discharging.

conduits or pa'ssageway's, ich is common to theconmotive fluid against it,in-cornbinajtionwith* a means for preventing eddying of the "motive fluid in the planeof the wheel? i 15. An elastic -fluidfturbine comprising;

separate stages,

each stage, and a wall or plate located in one stage for preventing eddying of thG mOtlV6 fluid in the plane of the wheelas passes from one stage to another.

bucket-wheel, a devicefor'discharging mm'itive I 05 fluid-discharging" devices for 1 fluid against it, anda casing, incombination with a means for reducing eddyingof the mo-fl tive fluid within the casing; and conduiteor passage-ways for "conveying motive fluid fror'n'the' cent'er'of the compartmentsto the periphery; 17 An two or more rows of 'wheel bucke'ts, "a compartment the iwheel; in combinatiom witl'i -"a against the buckets, in 'combinationwith a elastic} fluid 2 turbine; "comprising Y 120 which is common tothe said-rows, and a nozzle? for discharging motive'ifluid' against means "locatedIi-n close proximity tothe' idle wheel bucketsv ,for'f reducing "the; rotation 'lossesf-h l or more rows of Wheel-buckets and a evice D elastic-fluid turbine am s-sa for discharging rows of wheel-buckets, a compartmentthere for,'an'd a nozzlefor discharging motive'fluid 16. An elastic-fluid turbinecomprising a wall which is located between the idle buckets of adjacent rows in each compartment and acts on both of them to reduce the rotation losses.

19. An elasticfluid turbine comprisinga plurality of wheels strung on the same shaft,

a casing for the wheels, a nozzle for discharging motive fluid against the wheelbuckets, in combination, with a means for decreasing the rotation losses, which is carried by thewheel at a point near the periphery for cutting off the s ace between them, and a means which close y surrounds the idle wheel-buckets for further decreasing the rotation losses.

20. "In: an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a casing,a wall for dividing the easing into compartments, a.' valve which rests p on the wall and controls the passage from one f side of the wall to the'other, a screw-threaded actuator, and a nut on the actuator, which engages the valve. I

21. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of'a casing, a wall for dividing the easing into compartments, a valve which rests on the wall and controls the passage of fluid from one compartment to another,an. actuator for the valve, which extends through thevalve and is guided thereby, and a means engaging the actuator and valve for moving the latter.

7 22. In an elasticfluid turbine, the combi-v nation of a casing, a bucket-wheel, a hood 'or inclosure for idle buckets for reducing rotation losses, and a chamber between the hood or inclosure and the casing, in which the ex- .haust motive fluid is given an opportunity to discharge the moisture due to expansion.

23. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combi-- nation'of a casing-relatively movable buckets and a discharging device, a means acting to reduce the rotation losses of idle buckets, a chamber receiving exhaust fluid from the buckets, and discharging devices in which the moisture due to expansion is separated from the fluid.

24. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a casing, relatively movable buckets and a discharging device, a hood for reducing. the rotationlosses of idle buckets comprising walls situatedin close proximity thereto, and; a. chamber surrounding the" bucketsand hood which receives exhaust fluid and aflords'an opportunity for the moisture and vapor to separate. v 25. An elastic fluid turbine comprising two or more rows of wheel-buckets in the the remaining portion of the wheel which presents smooth and unbroken walls to the-movable buckets for preventing rotation losses.

27. An elastic fluid turbine, comprising two o'r'm'ore rows of movable buckets, a device which discharges motive fluid against a limited number of the buckets, a wall or in-' closure adjacent the ends of the buckets, and means projecting from thesaid wall into the space between the rows of buckets, the portion of the means in the path of the motive fluid having passages which receive the motive fluid from the preceding row and after changing its direction discharge it against the succeeding row of'- buckets, the remaining portion of said means serving to prevent rotation losses.-

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 5th day of April, 1904.

' -WILLIAM L. R. EMM'IC'I. Witnesses:

' BENJAMIN B. HULL, 'IIELEN Onronn.

6 partially around the.wheel, and a means-between the rows of-buckets extending around

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