US845710A - Elastic-fluid turbine. - Google Patents

Description

, PATENTEDFEB. 2' 1907-. O.JUNGGREN. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 31513124. 1904.

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0. JUNGGREN. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLIOATION FILED 8EPT.24.1904.

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APPLICATION FILED SEPT- 24.1994.

OSCAR JUN GGREN, OF SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO ELECTRIC COMPANY, CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

ELASTlC-FLUHJ TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed September 24, 1304. Serial No. 225,748.

Patented Feb; 26, 1907.

To all whom, it Huey con'cernr I Be it known that I, OSCAR JUNGGREN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Schenectady, county of Schenectady, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Elastic-Fluid Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to turbine-engines driven by steam or other elastic fluid; and its object is to provides construction of bucket-wheels which eliminates the end thrust on the shaft and increases the capacity'. of the machine.

With some shapes of bucketfsthere is little or no end thrust on the shaftfjsdlthat if the turbine is a vertical one thelubricant-pressure on the step-bearing is substantially the same whether the engine is running or not; but if the steam has'a low velocity and the s eedof the wheel is high the shape which the buckets must have in order to extract the proper amount ofuenergy is suehdahat an ap- 'preciable end thrust is set up. In order to overcome this, I provide each wheel with two similar sets of buckets and place between them double nozzles adapted to deliver steam in opposite directions transverse to the plane of rotation, so that" the end thrust on the shaft due to one set of buckets is balanced by glillttt due to theother set. In a turbine hav- .ing-a plurality of stages the end thrust is liable to be considerable, and its entire elimination is especially important. Since many engiiieers believe that the best practice is tense only a single row of buckets in each stage, I dispense with those additional wheel buckets and stationary intermediates frequently used, so that there is but a single expansionv of steam each stage; but by usin double nozzles andfitwo oppositely dlspose sets of buckets the torque ofeach wheel isdoubled.

This is an im ortant point. because the caacity of a tin ins is determined by the numlien of nozzles that can be distributed around the circumference of the lowest-stage diahragm. Substantially the entire circumerence is occupied by nozzles. In the other stages the number is less, diminishing toward "the high-pressure stage.

My invention enables me to practically doublelthe capacity of the machine.

The invention can be, carried out in vari- I on! ways is applicable to both vertical and horizontal turbines. For the sake of convenience I, shall describe it as embodied in an upright machine.

In the'accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is containing my invention. Fig.2 is a halfdiametrical vertical sect1on of thesame on a larger'scale. Figs; Sand 4 are vertical seccross-section of a nozzle.

The turbine shown in. all the-figures is a four-stage, single-wheel-per-stage machine; but it is to be understood that the number of hue et-wheels 1 2 34, all mounte on an upright shaft 5 and revolving in a stationary casing 6, which is divided into chambers or stages by stationar partitions or diaphragms? between t ewheels, Th'ecasing is closed by a top 8, but is open at the bottom to permit the exhaust-steam to pass freely to a conduit 9, leading to the atmosphere or to a condenser, as desired.

In the structure shown in Fig. 1 the steam from the upper row of buckets exhausts by passing downwardly throughthe spaces between the wheel-s okes to thecondnit 9.

1% Figs. 3 and 4 t e steam from the upper b ckets of the lower wheel exhausts .to the conduit 9 through passages formed inthe casing first stage is or are located a steam chest or chests 10, in which are valves 11, that admit live steam to the nozzles 12. which deliver it to the first-stage wheel. The nozzles are formed in the top and bottom of the horizorital arm of one or more hollow castings 13, which communicate with their respective steam-chests and receive the steam which. passes the valves, In Fig. 2 this casting is shown as L-shaped, owing to the location of the steam-chest. .The structure forms a double set of nozzles, which'deliver the steam obliquely 11 Ward and downward to two arallel rows 0? buckets 14, secured to the w eel 1. Each of the two ,sets of nozzles from like manner the ucket- wheels 2, 3, and 4 which one or more hollow castings 15 extend, containing two sets of nozzles-16, like those GENERAL,

a top plan view of an upright steam-turbine trons showing modifications, and Fig. 5 is a I stagies can be varied. I-t com rises four At a suitable point or points above'the 4 each have two rows of bucket-s, between 105 the casting 13. Thecastings. 15ers se-- cured to the inside of the casing '6, and each communicates with the preceding stage, I preferably by means of a large pipel7, lo-

cated outside ofthe casing. The pipes may be'connected with the upper stage at one point only, as shown'in Fig. 2, or at two or more points, as shown inFig. 4'. They preferably have a horizontal'heade'r 18, opening by a long horizontal slot into a horizontal chamber 19, whichcommunicates with thenozzle-casting. This insures an even distri bution of the steam to all the nozzles. The pipes drop below the headers to trap the water of condensation and have drain-pipes 20 at. their lower ends. Instead of using pipes attached to the casing there may be passageways 21 cored out in the walls of the casing and connecting each upper stage with the nozzle-casting of the next lower stage, as

the rotation losses by presenting a smooth surface to the wheel. The projections also tend to confine theexhaust motive fluid to the chamber located around it. To state the matter differently, the space between a projection and the adjacent wheel is restricted,

while the conduits leading to 'the'next stage oflower pressure are large. Hence the exhaust fluid wi freely pass through them. These cylindrical projections have the further advantage of preventing cross-currents of motive fluid from one nozzle or set of nozzles to another nozzle or set of nozzles located at a point or points'angularlydisplaced; For example, assume that a given stage is provided with two nozzles locatedat diametrically op posite points. Then these cylindrical projeco tions will prevent the column of steam discharged from one wheel from flowing wholly or in part directly across the flat surfaces of the wheel to the opposite nozzle and creating objectionable eddles which decrease the chiciency of the machine. These cylindrical projections are useful whatever the character of the nozzles employed. The projections are separated from the wheel by a clearance which is preferably slightly less than the clearance etween the nozzles and moving buckets, so that rubbing of the parts due-toany cause is confined to those which are,

rugged in character. In the resent embodiment of the invention it wil be noted that thesmooth e'nd surfaces of the projections ets. Hence any rubbing will proximity to the sharpene In, addition to the 1 wall of the wheel-casing to form annular exhaustin from a wheel into the passages or conduits that convey it to a stage of lower pressure. i I

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative and that the invention can be carried out by other means.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

,1. In an elastic-fluid turbine having a plu-- rali'ty of stages, the combination with a plurality of bucket-wheels each provided with chambers and assist in directing the steam buckets, of nozzles extending 'etween said rows and discharging in opposite directions,

and conduits for conveying elastic fluid from each chamber to the nozzles of the next lower stage.

3. In an elastic-fluid turbine having a plurality of stages, the combination with a plurality of bucket-wheels each provided with oppositely-disposed rows of buckets, of nozes extending between said rows and dischargin in opposite directions, a casi for said turbine, and passage-ways in the wa ls of said casing connecting each stage with the nozzles of the nextlower stage.

4. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combina: tion of a casing, diaphragms which divide the easing into compartments, a bucket-wheel in each compartment provided with oppositelydisposed rows of buckets, one or more double IIO nozzles for each wheel extendin between there.-

said rows of buckets, and cylindrical walls which cooperate with the walls of the casing to form chambers into which the buckets disrality of bucket-wheels each provided with oppositely-dis osed rows of buckets, of one or :more nozz e-'castings for -.-each wheel exaround the diaphr 7 ing', 'diaphrag'ms for r '6; In an elastic-fluidturbine having'a plu-,

rality'of stages, the combination with a caspositely-disposed rows of tickets, ofnozz es extending between said rows and discharging in opposite directions, and conduits for; conveying elastic fluid nozzles of the next exten transverse to the plane of revolution OfSMd'WhGB I 7.. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination with a casing having a to of a steam chest mounted thereon, valve 'ports in the bottom ref said steam-chest, an L-s'haped hollow-casting'located inside'the casin and owersbage, the conduits communicating. with said ports, oppositelydischarging nozzles in the top and ottom of the horizontal arm of said castin anda bucket-wheel having two rows of buckets re- 1 -volving' respectively above and below-said arm 8. Inanelastiefliiiil turbine, the combination of a casing, partitionszfor dividing the easing into stages, a wheelie! each sta e hav- .1ng rows of buckets, andnozzles stage expansion,

I or, the positions between the ets, and a'char'nberfor stageswhich occu y rows .of wheel-hue .eaclfi stage that is common to the buckets on ,e'ac

wheel. 9, In an elastic-fluid turbineoperatin by the combinationof buc etwheels for the stages, a nozzle for each stage which is located between rows of buckets on the wheel and discharges in opposite directions to prevent wheel distortion due to un-u equal temperatures, and a chamber that is common to the rows of buckets on each wheel. Y ;10. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combi nation of a casing, a partition -for dividing the casing into stages, the partition being provided' with an enlargement ha a smoothfsurface, a bucket-wheel locate in one 'ofthe stages and running in close proximity to the projection to reduce, rotation losses, and a nozzle for discharging motive fluidto the wheeL- v 11-. In an elastic-thud turbine, the combination of a casing, diaphragms which divide the casings into compartments, a bucket--- Wheel-in each compartment provided with )ppositely-disposed rows or buckets, one or noredoubl nozzlesfor each wheel entend-- dividmg' the easing into compartments, a .plurality of' wheels each provided, with ms from one stage to'the ventlng cross-currents of motive fluid. an

venting cross-currents of motive the casing and the shaft and ing between the said rows of buckets, an annular chamber that is commonto the rows' of buckets on each .of the-wheels, and conduits or passages that connect'the successive annular chambers the nozzle of a stage of o 'erpressure.

2.' In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combi-' 6 5 nationflof a casing, a bucket-wheel rotating L-therein, fluid-dischar ing devices, an annular wall locatedv within t i y from the buckets by a small clearance for ree casing and separated annular chamber which'receives theexhaust from one set of buckets. v 13.- In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination. of a casing, a bucketwheel rotating therein, fluid-discharging devices, and a cy- 7 5 lindrical Wall interpose between the inner wall-of the casing and the Wheel-axis for pre-.

fluid.

14. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a casing, a partition for-dividing the easing into compartments, wheelbuckets U located in the compartments, a shaft for the wheels, fluid-discharging devices, an annularv wall interposed between the casin and the shaft andin close proximity to t e wheelbuckets to prevent motive fluid from flowing across the surface of the wheel.

15. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combi nation of a casing, a partition for dividing the casing located in the compartments, a shaft for the wheels, fluid-discharging devices, and a jwall carried by the partition and located between in close proximity to the buckets for preventing currents 5 of motive fluid from flowing across the surface of a wheel from one fluid discharging device to another.

-, 16. In an elastic-fluid nation of a casing, a into compartments, wheel-buckets located in the compartments. fluid-discharging de-' vices which are an ularly displaced around the wheel, and a cy indrical wall'carried by turbine, the combithe partition and situated between the casing .1 05:

and the shatt to form an annular chamber for the fluid exhausting from the wheel, the said wall also acting to revent the fluid from flowing across the whee from one discharging device to another.

.wit-ness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 22d day of Se tember, 1904.

" t 0 AR J'UNGGREN.

Witnesses:

BENJAMIN B. HULL, "HELEN ORFORD.

into compartments, wheel-buckets o partition for dividing it J00

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