US935956A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

I 0. D..H. BENTLEY.

TUBBINB. APPLICATION lFILED AUG. 5, 1909.

Patented Oct. 5, 1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

` o. D. H, BENTLEY.

t TURBINB, A APPLICATION FILED AUG. 5, 1909.

Patented 001;.5, 1909.

2 sums-SHEET 2.

im rriD sfrarns PATENT OFFICE.'

OLIVER D. H. BENTLEY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO W. BLISS COMPANY, F BROOKLYN, NEV.T YORK, A CORPORATION OF WEST VIRGINIA.

TURBIN E.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patenteafoct. 5, ieee.

Application tiled August 5, 1909. Serial'No. 511,310.

To Aall whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, O'Livni: D. H. BnNr- LEY, a citizen ot' the United States, .residing in the borough of Brooklyn, county ot' Kings, city and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbine-Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to steam or other turbines wherein the jet or stream ot' tluid is causedto impinge two or more times against the same series et' rotor vanes or buckets.

rl`he steam is tirst directedl against the rotor through a nozzlef-pi'eferably an eX- panding-nozzle, so as to secure the maximum velocity in the jet or current which is impelled against the vanes, enters the buckets at one side, and by reason ot the curvature of the buckets is discharged 'theretrom at the other Side; the steam thus lnrcl'tiiv'ardly directed from the buckets' is caught in -a curved passage, chamber or pocket, which turns the current back and directs it again into the rotor buckets; the steam may be thus returned two or more times to the rotor byithe provision tor this purpose ot two or more reversing chambers or passages. .i Such 'reversing chambers have heretofore been applied in various arrangements with relation to" rrotors having their buckets formed either upon the periphery or upon one or both faces ot their rotor wheel or disk. As applied to lateral buckets, the reversing passages have been arranged in the same plane as the rotor and curving both inwardly and outwardly ot' the path of the buckets. As applied to peripheral buckets, the stationary reversing passages have been 40 applied on alternately opposite sides of the plane of the rotor, being located in cylindrical develo ments to either side of the circular path ot the buckets. As applied with tangential peripheral buckets, such reverse passages or chambers have also beenA arranged in tangential planes in advance of the )et nozzle so as to whirl the same through approximatelya half circle, completing the semicircular whirl given it in the rotor buckets, with the result that the steam describes approximately a distorted helix, passing repeatedly between the rotor buckets and the stationary reverse passages. n Myvinvention provides a new 'and iin- "5 proved construction and arrangement ot' reverse passages or chambers applicable to rotors Vhaving peripheral buckets opening 'tangentially and formed with rounded bottom s. According to my invention the steam entering such buckets at one side is whirled @o through approximately a halt vcircle and is discharged into a reversing chamber located in the plane ot the rotor and continedftogthe opposite halt thereof from that in which the jet lii'st venters the buckets; in other words in 65 the plane ot the discharge sides of the buckets. The reverse passage curves outwardly in this plane, and sweeping around, returns in the same plane and discharges into the rotor buckets at a point further advanced and on the same side as the discharge theretroni. lf he Steam thus returned to the buckets executes therein another half turn and is discharged therefrom upon the opposite side (being the same side at which it originally entered from the -iet nozzle), and at this point ot' discharge another reversing passage is preferably provided identical with the. first except-that it is located in a moie adf'anced position, and in a plane coinciding 80 Vwith that in which thejet originally entered the buckets. There may be as many siich reversing passages or chambers as are desirable to aii'ord suitable eiiiciency.

The accompanying drawings show the pret'eried embodiment of my invention.

Figure l is a diametrical cross-section in the plane ot the line 1 1 in Fig-2; Fig. 2 is a vertical section in a plane transversely to the axis of rotation, the casing being in section on the line Q-2 in Fig. l; Fig. 3 is a partially diagrammatic view being mainly an elevation of the rotor with the steam inlet and reversing chambers in their relation thereto, viewed in the direction of arrow 3; -95 Fig. 4 is an elevation ot' a fragment of the rotor partly dissected away to show one bucket in tangential section; Fig. 5 1s a fragmentary section of the rotor through the .bottoms ot' the buckets; Figs. 6.and 7 are sectional views showing two moditications of the reversin chamber.

Let A designate the turbine wheel or rotor mounted upon a shaft B which will be hung in suitable beai'ings.

a C is the easing having steam inlets at DD.y with an expanding nozzle E communicating with each inlet to direct the steam into the buckets of the rotor. Any suitable labyrinthine or other packing may be applied to ilo drawings for the sake of the proper curve,

prevent leakage ofsteam from the casing around the rotor shaft, such packings being,V well understood, and being omitted from the clearness.

The rotor buckets I*` F construction, being formed i`n the periphery of the rotor or bucket wheel and in tangen-l tial planes and with rounded bottoms, so that the current of steam discharged into the successive buckets at one side thereof is whirled against the semicircular bottoms of the buckets and thrown out therefrom tangentially stant-ially parallel with its intlowing movement. The specific construction of buckets is immaterial, but I prefer to construct them in the manner set forth in lplication No. 494fl50 filed May 6, 1909. The essential construction of the buckets is that shown in Figs. 4 and 5, being formed'in successive tangential planes with partitions a between them, as thin as is practicable, and with bottoms b which are rounded or preferably semicircular.

Adjacent to each nozzle E is arranged a reverse chamber G. This chamber may conveniently be constructed with its curved wall-of a strip of sheet or plate metal bent to and with its sides formed by hat metal sheets or plates cut to the proper outline and united to the bent metal strip which connects them, so as to form a flat-sidedbox of curved outline and open on vits side next the rotor. This light construction is admissible' for a turbine of the velocity type wherein the steam before impingin g upon the rotor is reduced t0.practically atmospheric pressure The reversing chamber may be fastened within the casing in any suitable manner, with its open side as close to the rotor as is. consistent with proper mechanical clearance.

The width of the reversing chamber should not exceed but preferably should substantially equal one-half the width of the buckets. The location ofA the reversing chamber is such that the steam entering the buckets from the nozzle, and which is given a half turn in thebuckets, shall on emerging therefrom enter the reversing chamber as shown in Fig. 2, and whirling around in this chamber, shall be directed thereby tangentially against and into the buckets at a point suitably removed from is thus returned by,the reversing chamber to the buckets on the same side thereof from which it first emerged therefrom. That is to say, if the nozzle directs the steam into the buckets at the right hand side, it is given a half turn therein and enters the reversing cham buckets, and this chamber again returns the steam to the buckets on their left hand side. It is preferable that' the reversing chamber shall curve forwardly and in a direction contrary to and sub-V` detail in my ap-.

ber from the left hand side of theA direct the steam are of well known,

the nozzle. The steam versing chamber or .ugal

which emerged from the rotor bucket, as shown in Fig. 6'.

The use of one reversing hamber thus constitutes a double stage turme. necessary to add another reversing chamber, the 'latter being shown at G2 in Fig. 2. This chamber is located inthe same plane as the nozzle E, so that it covers the lopposite half of the bucketopenings from that covered by the first chamber G. This is clearly'shown in Fig. 3, which shows somewhat diagrammatically the course of the current of steam in entering and leaving the successive reversing chambers G,1 G2. Fig. 3 also shows a third reversing chamber G3 which is applied in the same plane as G1. A fourth chamber might be added in the same plane as G2. he number of 'reversing chambers to be used in any given case is limited only by the consideration of efficiency. Thus in. a multiplel stage turbine the even numbered rechambers will be placed against. the same side of the rotor as the nozzle,.while the .odd numbered reversing chambers are placed uponthe opposite side, the even numbered and odd numbered chambers occupying planes parallel with one another and coincidin with the opposite halves of the open sides ol: the buckets of the rotor.

It is common to make rotors of thecharacter described with partitions in the buckets around which the steam may iow, and my invention is applicable with this construction as well as with that shown. Such partitions, however, are unnecessary, since the centrifeffect of the steam prevents interference between the entering and emerging portion of the current of steam. In like manner the reversing chamber may be devoid of ally partition, as shown in Figs. 2 and 6, or-it may have a central partitionlH, as shown in Fig. 7. The reversing chambers may be mounted in any suitable way. For example, in Fig. 2 screws c c are shown for fastening them to the casing; i

I claim as my invention l.v In a turbine engine, a rotor' having peripheral buckets open-ing tangentially and formed. with rounded bottoms, and a tangential jet nozzle discharging into said buckets on one side thereof, whereby the fluid is whirled within the buckets and discharged backwardl'y from the opposite side-thereof, combined with a reversing passage arranged to receive. such discharge and return it to f the buckets at another point, -said passage located in a plane coinciding with the rotor and corresponding to the side thereof from /J For a triple stage turbine 1t 1s only in. the contrary direction.

2. In a turbine engine, a rotorhavin peripheral buckets-opening tangentially an formed with rounded bottoms, and a tan ential jet nozzle discharging into said buc ets on cneside thereoffwherebyv the .fluid is whirled within the buckets and discharged backwardly from the opposite side't-hereof, combined with a reversing passage arranged to receive such discharge and return it to the buckets at a point in advance, said passage located in a plane coinciding with the rotor and corresponding to the side thereof from which such discharge occurs, whereby the fluid is returned to the buckets on that side, and receives thereupon in the buckets a whirl in the contrary direction.

3. 'nv a turbine engine, a rotor having peripheral buckets opening tangentially and formed with rounded bottoms, anda tangential jet nozzle discharging into said buckets on one side thereof, whereby the iuid is whirled within the buckets and discharged backwardly from the opposite side thereof, combined with a reversing passage arranged to receive such discharge and return it to the buckets at another point, said passage located in a vplane coincidin with the rotor and corresponding to the slde thereof from which such discharge occurs, whereby the fluid is returned to the buckets on that side, and re-` ceives thereupon in the buckets a whirl in the contrary direction, and a second similar reversing passage arranged to receive the fluid discharged from the buckets after such second whirl. In Witness whereof, I h'avefhereunto si ned m name in the presence of two subscri ing witnesses.

' OLIVER D:H. BENTLEY. Witnesses: f

ARoHIn S. MGLUNDIE,- l PHILIP L. Ross.

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