US11911420B2 - Prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents for Streptococcus pneumoniae infection - Google Patents

Prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents for Streptococcus pneumoniae infection Download PDF

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US11911420B2
US11911420B2 US16/962,921 US201916962921A US11911420B2 US 11911420 B2 US11911420 B2 US 11911420B2 US 201916962921 A US201916962921 A US 201916962921A US 11911420 B2 US11911420 B2 US 11911420B2
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inoculation
streptococcus pneumoniae
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body weight
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US20210379124A1 (en
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Susumu Kawaguchi
Miho Kato
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Nutri Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
    • A61K35/74—Bacteria
    • A61K35/741—Probiotics
    • A61K35/744—Lactic acid bacteria, e.g. enterococci, pediococci, lactococci, streptococci or leuconostocs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/135—Bacteria or derivatives thereof, e.g. probiotics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2200/00—Function of food ingredients
    • A23V2200/30—Foods, ingredients or supplements having a functional effect on health
    • A23V2200/324—Foods, ingredients or supplements having a functional effect on health having an effect on the immune system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to agents for prevention and/or treatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive diplococcus that is known as an indigenous bacterium in upper respiratory tract. It is a major causative pathogen of respiratory diseases.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 The National Institute of Infectious Diseases reports that Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common pathogenic microorganism in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) (Non-Patent Document 1), that in their prospective study of CAP and health-care-associated pneumonia (NHCAP), the frequency of Streptococcus pneumoniae was the highest (34.8% and 33.9%, respectively) (Non-Patent Document 2), and that the risk of bacteremia in patients presenting with chills and shaking was 12.1 times higher (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.1-36.2) than that in patients without them (Non-Patent Document 3).
  • public subsidies have been provided in Japan since Oct. 1, 2014 for regular administration of Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine to elderly patients aged 65 years or older.
  • a lactic acid bacterium belonging to the genus Enterococcus can prevent and/or treat Streptococcus pneumoniae infection and have thus completed the present invention.
  • the gist of the present invention is as follows.
  • a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for Streptococcus pneumoniae infection comprising a bacterium belonging to the genus Enterococcus.
  • a food for prevention and/or treatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection comprising a bacterium belonging to the genus Enterococcus.
  • a method for prevention and/or treatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection comprising administering to a subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a bacterium belonging to the genus Enterococcus.
  • the present invention enables prevention and/or treatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.
  • FIG. 1 shows a test result (survival rate (results of Kaplan-Meier plot)) in Example 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows a test result (rectal temperature) in Example 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows a test result (body weight) in Example.
  • FIG. 4 shows a test result (feed intake) in Example 1.
  • FIG. 5 shows a test result (water intake) in Example 1.
  • FIG. 6 shows the test schedule in Example 1.
  • the present invention provides a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, comprising a bacterium belonging to the genus Enterococcus.
  • the bacterium belonging to the genus Enterococcus be a lactococcus (e.g., Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus gallinarum , or Enterococcus casseliflavus ), and preferred is a lactococcus having biological response modifier (BRM) activity (YAKUGAKU ZASSHI, 112: 919-925, 1992; YAKUGAKU ZASSHI, 113: 396-399, 1992; Journal of Animal Clinical Research Foundation, 3: 11-20, 1994).
  • Enterococcus faecalis is known as a lactococcus having BRM activity.
  • Enterococcus faecalis EF-2001 strain is available from Nihon Berumu Co., Ltd. (2-14-3 Nagatacho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo).
  • Enterococcus Faecalis -2001 strain can be obtained from fecal matter of a normal person and has the following properties.
  • a Gram-positive coccus Shape of colony (Trypto-Soya agar medium, 24-hour culture): 1.0-mm diameter, smooth, precise circle, white colony. Bacterial morphology: circular to oval (1.0 ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ m). Likely to form chains in liquid media. Non-spore-forming. Facultative anaerobic. Ferments glucose to produce lactic acid (final pH: 4.3). Non-gas-producing. Catalase-negative. Proliferates at 10 to 45° C. (the optimal temperature is 37° C.). Proliferates to pH 9.6, 6.5% NaCl, and 40% bile. Positive for 0.04% potassium tellurite. Positive for 0.01% tetrazolium. Positive for 0.1% methylene blue milk.
  • the bacterium belonging to the genus Enterococcus may be a viable bacterium or a killed bacterium, and the bacterium may be subjected to a destruction treatment (e.g., homogenization, enzyme treatment, or ultrasonication) or any other treatment such as heating or drying (e.g., freeze-drying or spray-drying).
  • the viable bacterium may be killed by heating.
  • the viable bacterium is expected to exhibit effects produced by lactic acid fermentation.
  • the killed bacterium is expected to exhibit an intestinal immunity-activating effect.
  • the particle size of the bacterial cell is typically 0.05 ⁇ m-50 ⁇ m, preferably 0.08-20 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1-10 ⁇ m.
  • the bacterium may be mixed with a diluent, and then a thickener may be added to form granules. It is recommended to select the diluent and thickener from materials approved for addition to foods and medicines.
  • the prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for Streptococcus pneumoniae infection of the present invention can be used for prevention and/or treatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.
  • the prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for Streptococcus pneumoniae infection of the present invention can be used as a medicine or a food additive.
  • the present invention provides a medicine for prevention and/or treatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, comprising a bacterium belonging to the genus Enterococcus.
  • the agent When the agent is used as a medicine, it is recommended that the bacterium belonging to the genus Enterococcus be used alone or be mixed with an excipient or a carrier to make a formulation such as a tablet, a capsule, a powder, a granule, a liquid, a syrup, an aerosol, a suppository, or an injection.
  • the excipient or carrier may be any excipient or carrier that is commonly used in the art and is pharmaceutically acceptable, and the type and composition of the excipient or carrier are chosen as appropriate. For example, water or a vegetable oil is used as a liquid carrier.
  • a solid carrier there is used, for example, a sugar such as lactose, sucrose, or glucose, a starch such as potato starch or corn starch, or a cellulose derivative such as crystalline cellulose.
  • a lubricant such as magnesium stearate, a binder such as gelatin or hydroxypropyl cellulose, and a disintegrant such as carboxymethyl cellulose may also be added.
  • an antioxidant, a colorant, a flavoring agent, a preservative, or the like may also be added.
  • the medicine can also be used as a freeze-dried formulation.
  • the bacterium belonging to the genus Enterococcus can be administered by various routes, such as orally, nasally, rectally, transdermally, subcutaneously, intravenously, and intramuscularly.
  • the content of the bacterium belonging to the genus Enterococcus in the formulation varies depending on the type of the formulation, and is typically 0.001 to 100% by mass and preferably 0.01 to 100% by mass.
  • the dose of the bacterium belonging to the genus Enterococcus may be any pharmaceutically effective amount, i.e., any amount sufficient to exert the MRSA infection protective effect, and varies depending on the form of the formulation, the administration route, the age and body weight of the patient, the severity of the disease, and the like. In the case of an adult patient, for example, it is recommended to set the dose per administration to about 100,000,000 to 100,000,000,000 CFU/kg body weight, preferably about 1,000,000,000 to 50,000,000,000 CFU/kg body weight, in terms of the amount of the bacterium belonging to the genus Enterococcus , and to give one to several (e.g., 2, 3, 4, or 5 times) administrations per day.
  • the bacterium belonging to the genus Enterococcus may be added to a food.
  • the present invention provides a food for prevention and/or treatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, comprising a bacterium belonging to the genus Enterococcus.
  • the following may be added to the food of the present invention: general ingredients such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, and sodium; minerals such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus; trace elements such as iron, zinc, copper, selenium, and chromium; vitamins such as vitamin A, ⁇ -carotene, vitamin B 1 , vitamin B 2 , vitamin B 6 , vitamin B 12 , vitamin C, niacin, folic acid, vitamin D 3 , vitamin E, biotin, and pantothenic acid; and other substances such as coenzyme Q10, ⁇ -lipoic acid, galacto-oligosaccharide, dietary fiber, an excipient (such as water, carboxymethyl cellulose, or lactose), a sweetener, a flavoring agent (such as malic acid, citric acid, or amino acid), and a fragrance.
  • general ingredients such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, and sodium
  • minerals such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus
  • trace elements such as iron
  • the food of the present invention is provided as a liquid food
  • water, saline solution, fruit juice, or the like can be used as a liquid in which the food ingredients are dispersed or dissolved.
  • fruit juice In order to improve the taste in oral administration, it is recommended to use fruit juice.
  • the food of the present invention may be in any form such as a powder, a granule, a tablet, or a liquid.
  • a gelled product such as jelly.
  • Gelling agents that can be used include thickening polysaccharides such as dextrin, agar, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, carrageenan, and pectin, gellan gum, psyllium seed gum, tara gum, guar gum, glucomannan, alginic acid, tamarind seed gum, and cellulose, and it is preferable to use one or two or more thickening polysaccharides.
  • the gel strength of the gelled product it is preferable that the gel strength at 5° C. be 7,000 ⁇ 2,000 N/m 2 .
  • the adhesion energy be 60 ⁇ 40 J/m 3 and the cohesiveness be 0.7 ⁇ 0.1 J/m 3 .
  • Such a gel with low adhesiveness and high cohesiveness has excellent swallowability.
  • the gel strength can be measured as follows. A texturometer of YAMADEN Co., Ltd. and a 16-mm-diameter plunger are used as gel strength measurement instruments, and the measurement is carried out under the following conditions: the measurement temperature is 25° C., the compression speed (the speed at which the plunger is pushed in) is 10 mm/s, the measurement strain (the ratio of the amount of pushing-in to the sample thickness) is 40.00%, the distance over which the plunger is pushed in is 10.00 mm, and the number of repetitions of pushing-in of the plunger is two.
  • the measurement temperature is 25° C.
  • the compression speed the speed at which the plunger is pushed in
  • the measurement strain the ratio of the amount of pushing-in to the sample thickness
  • the distance over which the plunger is pushed in is 10.00 mm
  • the number of repetitions of pushing-in of the plunger is two.
  • the adhesion energy is measured as a negative energy required for pulling out the plunger after the first pushing-in of the plunger in the above gel strength measurement.
  • the cohesiveness is measured as the ratio between the energy at the first pushing-in and the energy at the second pushing-in in the above gel strength measurement.
  • the intake of the bacterium belonging to the genus Enterococcus may be any amount sufficient to exert an effect for prevention and/or treatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, and varies depending on the form of the formulation, the administration route, the age and body weight of the patient, the severity of the disease, and the like. In the case of an adult patient, for example, it is recommended to set the dose per administration to about 100,000,000 to 100,000,000,000 CFU/kg body weight, preferably about 1,000,000,000 to 50,000,000,000 CFU/kg body weight, in terms of the amount of the bacterium belonging to the genus Enterococcus , and to give one to several (e.g., 2, 3, 4, or 5 times) administrations per day.
  • mice were infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae and administered with heat-killed lactic acid bacteria E. faecalis orally to study its preventive and therapeutic effects.
  • the test schedule is shown in FIG. 6
  • Lactic acid bacteria powder EF-2001 was weighed in 20 mg (electronic balance: XP205DR, Mettler-Toledo Co., Ltd.) and suspended in water for injection. The suspension was diluted to give a total volume of 125 mL with a concentration of 0.16 mg/mL. Since the lactic acid bacteria powder precipitated, it was stirred well enough to be kept suspended. Preparation was made just before use.
  • Sheep blood agar (Nippon BectonDickinson Company, Ltd.)
  • the preserved strain was thawed and plated on a sheep blood agar, then placed in an anaerobic jar containing a carbon dioxide generator for culture with carbon dioxide (Anelopack CO 2 , Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) and cultured in an incubator (ILE800, Yamato Science Co., Ltd.) at 37° C. for 2 days. Then, physiological saline was added to release the bacterial cells. The released bacterial cells were filtered through a sterile mesh (100 ⁇ m, Cell Strainer: FALCON (registered trademark)) to remove bacterial cell masses and impurities. The filtrate was used as a stock solution of liquid bacterial inoculum. This stock solution was stored in a refrigerator (controlled temperature: 2.0° C. to 8.0° C., UKS-3610DHC, Nippon Freezer Co., Ltd.) until the day of inoculation with the liquid bacterial inoculum.
  • the stock solution was diluted 10 2 -, 10 4 - or 10 6 -folds with physiological saline.
  • the 10 4 - and 10 6 -fold diluted solutions were smeared on the sheep blood agar, placed in the anaerobic jar containing a carbon dioxide generating agent for culture with CO 2 gas, and cultured in the incubator at 37° C. for a day.
  • the number of colonies after culture was counted with a handy colony counter (CC-1, Azwan Co., Ltd.), and the number of viable bacterial cells contained in 1 ml of the stock solution was calculated.
  • the stock solution was diluted with physiological saline to a concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 2 CFU/mL at the day of inoculation.
  • the thus prepared bacterial solution was used as a liquid bacterial inoculum.
  • the number of viable bacterial cells in the liquid bacterial inoculum was counted according to the method shown in the “Viable bacterial cell count in the stock solution.”
  • BALB/c strain BALB/c Cr Slc
  • the animals were preliminarily fed for five days. During this period, their general condition was observed once a day and the body weight was measured twice (both at the day next to the acquisition of animals and at the day when the preliminary feeding period ended) by electronic balance (PB3002-S/FACT, Metler Toledo Inc.). Animals with no abnormalities in body weight change and general condition were used for grouping.
  • the animals were stratified by body weight using a computer program and then at the day of grouping, random sampling was applied to ensure that the mean body weight and variance of the respective groups were approximately equal.
  • Animals were identified by two methods in combination that were applied at the day of their acquisition: filling out on the tails with oil-based ink and painting colors on the limbs with oil-based ink. After grouping, the animals were identified by filling out animal numbers on the tails with oil-based ink. Each cage was fitted with two kinds of label, one being applied during the preliminary feeding period and filled with test number, date of animal acquisition, and animal number for preliminary feeding, and the other being color-coded labels applied after grouping and filled with test number, group name, and animal number.
  • Cages and feeders were changed at least once a week, and water bottles and dishes were changed at least twice a week.
  • the room was cleaned up daily by wiping and disinfecting the floor with a disinfectant-soaked mop.
  • the animals were fed ad libitum with a solid diet (CRF-1, Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) placed in feeders; the diet was manufactured within 5 months before the experiment.
  • a solid diet CRF-1, Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.
  • Contaminant levels, bacterial counts, and nutrient contents of the diet were confirmed to meet the acceptance criteria of the test facility for each lot of diet.
  • the animals were allowed to drink tap water ad libitum as it was supplied from a water bottle. Contaminant levels and bacterial counts of drinking water were analyzed almost every 6 months to ensure that they met the acceptance criteria of the test facility.
  • FUCHIGAMI mouse feeding needle
  • Dosage volume was calculated in 10 mL/kg based on the body weight of animal at the day of administration.
  • the administration was started at 11:00 a.m. and continued sequentially beginning in Group 1.
  • the number of doses was set as once a day. (17 doses in total for Groups 1 and 2, 7 doses for Group 3, and 10 doses for Group 4, respectively).
  • Groups 1 and 2 were dosed for 7 days before inoculation and 10 days after inoculation whereas Group 3 was dosed for 7 days before inoculation. Group 4 was dosed for 10 days after inoculation.
  • 0.5 mL (50 CFU) of the bacterial solution was inoculated intraperitoneally using a 1-mL volume disposable syringe (Terumo Co., Ltd.) attached to a 27 G injection needle (Terumo Co., Ltd.). The bacterial solution was stirred for use in each inoculation. Inoculation was performed 2 hours before administration of the test substance.
  • mice The general condition of the mice was observed once a day before the administration of the test substance for the period from the day of grouping to the day before the inoculation, 4 times a day (i.e., twice in the morning and twice in the afternoon before administration of the test substance) for the period from the day of the inoculation to 3 days after the inoculation, and twice a day (i.e., once in the morning before administration of the test substance and once in the afternoon) at day 4 post-inoculation and thereafter.
  • the first observation in the morning of the day of inoculation was performed before the inoculation.
  • rectal temperature was measured with a thermometer (Physitemp, Model BAT-12, PHYSITEMP INSTRUMENTS INC.). To measure, the sensor with a coating of petrolatum was inserted into the anus of the mouse, and the rectal temperature was measured.
  • Feed intake (or water intake) per day was calculated from the difference between the amount of feed (or water) and the amount remaining in the feeder (or water supply bottle).
  • the survival rate was calculated for each group. For the rectal temperature, body weight, feed intake and water intake, the average and standard deviation in each group were calculated. A Fisher's exact test was conducted as a significance test for the survival rate on each day of observation as between the control group and each of the other groups. A Kaplan-Meier plot was drawn over the entire observation period, and a Logrank test was conducted, with Holm corrections being made for comparisons between groups to adjust for multiplicity.
  • a hazard rate of 5% was considered significant, and separate indications were given for a hazard rate less than 5% and a hazard rate less than 1%.
  • a commercially-sold statistical program SAS system, SAS Institute Japan was used for the statistical analysis.
  • the mean rectal temperature continued to decrease following 2 to 3 days after the inoculation, leading to a 3° C. decrease in two days.
  • the mean rectal temperature decreased by 0.6° C. following 2 days after the inoculation. At day 4 post-inoculation and thereafter, the change in rectal temperature was comparable to that before the inoculation.
  • the mean rectal temperature decreased 2 and 3 days after the inoculation, leading to a 1.2° C. decrease in two days.
  • the change in rectal temperature was comparable to that before the inoculation.
  • the mean rectal temperature decreased 2 and 3 days after the inoculation, leading to a 2.0° C. decrease in two days.
  • the change in rectal temperature was comparable to that before the inoculation.
  • the mean body weight decreased by 0.8 g following 2 days after the inoculation and further decreased by 1.3 g following 3 days after the inoculation.
  • the mean body weight decreased by 0.7 g following 3 days after the inoculation but thereafter changed in a normal way.
  • the mean body weight decreased by 1.0 g following 3 days after the inoculation but thereafter changed in a normal way.
  • the mean body weight decreased by 0.6 g following 2 days after the inoculation and stilled decreased by 1.9 g following 3 days after the inoculation but thereafter changed in a normal way.
  • the mean feed intake decreased by 3.6 g following 3 days after the inoculation.
  • the mean feed intake decreased by 2.0 g following 3 days after the inoculation but recovered thereafter. Compared with the control group, a significant reduction was observed following 1 day after the inoculation.
  • the mean feed intake decreased by 2.2 g following 3 days after the inoculation but recovered thereafter.
  • the mean water intake continued to decrease following 2 to 3 days after the inoculation, leading to a 7.1 ml decrease in two days.
  • the mean water intake varied by smaller amounts but it continued to decrease following 2 to 3 days after the inoculation, leading to a 2.2 ml decrease in two days; however, a subsequent recovery was observed.
  • the mean water intake continued to decrease following 2 to 3 days after the inoculation, leading to a 5.6 ml decrease in two days; however, a subsequent recovery was observed.
  • all-period administration group, and pre-inoculation administration group significant increases were observed both 1 day before the inoculation and at the day of the inoculation.
  • the present invention is useful for preventing and/or treating Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.

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JP7289798B2 (ja) 2023-06-12
EP3747451A1 (fr) 2020-12-09
WO2019151371A1 (fr) 2019-08-08
CA3088601A1 (fr) 2019-08-08
KR20200115477A (ko) 2020-10-07
CN111542330B (zh) 2023-09-12
KR102636571B1 (ko) 2024-02-15
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