US11326826B2 - Blast gel pack conditioning equipment - Google Patents

Blast gel pack conditioning equipment Download PDF

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US11326826B2
US11326826B2 US16/711,477 US201916711477A US11326826B2 US 11326826 B2 US11326826 B2 US 11326826B2 US 201916711477 A US201916711477 A US 201916711477A US 11326826 B2 US11326826 B2 US 11326826B2
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temperature
air
gel
temperature sensor
conditioning equipment
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US20200191463A1 (en
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Alexandre Dantas Vale
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World Courier Management Ltd
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World Courier Management Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
    • F25D17/06—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D13/00—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms
    • F25D13/06—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space
    • F25D13/067—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space with circulation of gaseous cooling fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D13/00—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2303/00—Details of devices using other cold materials; Details of devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D2303/08—Devices using cold storage material, i.e. ice or other freezable liquid
    • F25D2303/085—Compositions of cold storage materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2400/00—General features of, or devices for refrigerators, cold rooms, ice-boxes, or for cooling or freezing apparatus not covered by any other subclass
    • F25D2400/02—Refrigerators including a heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/12—Sensors measuring the inside temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/12—Sensors measuring the inside temperature
    • F25D2700/123—Sensors measuring the inside temperature more than one sensor measuring the inside temperature in a compartment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/16—Sensors measuring the temperature of products
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/42—Circuits effecting compensation of thermal inertia; Circuits for predicting the stationary value of a temperature
    • G01K2007/422—Dummy objects used for estimating temperature of real objects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • gel packs are arranged about inner boxes or the like of the packaging.
  • the gel packs provide a thermal battery to absorb or release heat during the transit of the packaging that otherwise may become exposed to ambient hot or cold temperatures depending on geographic region of the shipment and season thereof.
  • Gel packs are typically filled with water, phase change material (PCM), or other fluids and may be conditioned (frozen, cooled, heated) to a pre-determined temperature and stabilized at the pre-determined temperature before use.
  • PCM phase change material
  • a phase change material (PCM) is a substance with a high heat of fusion which, melting and solidifying at a certain temperature, is capable of storing and releasing large amounts of energy.
  • Packaging and shipment of different pharmaceutical products may require gel packs conditioned and stabilized at a variety of different temperatures.
  • gel packs conditioned at different temperatures may be used within the same packaging at different locations within the packaging.
  • packaging may require, for instance, the use of gel packs frozen at ⁇ 20° C. ( ⁇ 4° F.) arranged at some locations within the packaging and gel packs refrigerated at +5° C. (41° F.) arranged at other locations within the packaging.
  • the material within the gel packs For purposes of assuring proper performance of such packaging, it is imperative to prepare the material within the gel packs to be solid, liquid, or a mixture of part solid and part liquid and at a specific desired temperature to assure a range of internal enthalpy (internal energy related to sensible and latent heat) of the gel pack.
  • the packaging must perform similar to tests performed during the qualification of the packaging and process of preparing and assembling the packaging with conditioned and stabilized gel packs.
  • Standalone equipment or walk-in areas maintained at controlled temperatures may be used to condition gel packs.
  • gel packs may be frozen in freezer units at very low temperatures (i.e., below 0° C. (32° F.)), cooled in refrigerator units at relatively cool temperatures (i. e., about +2 to +8° C. (35.6 to 46.4° F.), and/or warmed or heated in incubator units or ambient areas (i. e., for temperatures from +15 to +30° C. (59 to 86° F.)).
  • the gel packs are permitted to remain at any of the above referenced areas for predetermined and extended periods of time to condition the gel packs and prepare the gel packs for use in shipment packaging.
  • conditioning times required to stabilize the temperature of the gel packs can require, for instance, as many as five days.
  • PCM gel packs needed for ambient shipments may be conditioned by being maintained at an ambient temperature for at least 24 hours to stabilize the temperature of the gel packs before use.
  • PCM gel packs needed for refrigerated shipments may be conditioned by being frozen in a freezer for 24 hours and then placed in a refrigerator (at a temperature slightly below freezing) for at least 24 hours to stabilize the temperature of the gel packs before use (i.e., for 48 total hours of conditioning).
  • PCM gel packs needed for frozen shipments and water-based gel packs needed for refrigerated shipments may be conditioned by being frozen in a freezer for 72 hours to stabilize the temperature of the gel packs before use.
  • an additional 4 to 24 hours of pre-cooling in a freezer or blast freezer i.e., a freezer in which cold air is circulated by blowers
  • the conditioning equipment includes a housing with an evaporator and heater for defining a void space for containing a set of gel packs, at least one fan for circulating air within the housing such that a path of air flow extends through an air insufflation end to an air return end, at least one temperature sensor located within the housing, and a controller for receiving temperature measurements from the at least one temperature sensor and for automatically controlling operation of the evaporator, heater, and fans during phase change processing (i.e., freezing or melting) and conditioning of gel packs.
  • phase change processing i.e., freezing or melting
  • a temperature sensor for PCM gel pack conditioning equipment includes a pot-shaped container filled with paraffin with a temperature sensor positioned against an inner wall of the pot-shaped container on an outer periphery of the paraffin.
  • a method of automatically phase change processing (i.e., freezing or melting) and conditioning gel packs includes the steps of phase change processing a set of gel packs within blast gel pack conditioning equipment and, immediately following the phase change processing step without removing the set of gel packs from the blast gel pack conditioning equipment, conditioning the set of gel packs to a pre-determined specific temperature in order to adjust the sensible heat.
  • the blast gel pack conditioning equipment includes a housing with an evaporator and heater, at least one fan for circulating air within the housing such that a path of air flow extends through an air insufflation end to an air return end, at least one temperature sensor located within the housing, and a controller for automatically receiving temperature measurements from the at least one temperature sensor and for automatically controlling operation of the evaporator, heater, and fans within the housing during the phase change processing and conditioning steps.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of blast gel pack conditioning equipment in accordance to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of a trolley for supporting gel packs within blast gel pack conditioning equipment in accordance to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the trolley of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 is cross-sectional view taken horizontally through blast gel pack conditioning equipment in accordance to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a front elevational view of the blast gel pack conditioning equipment of FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 6 is a further cross-sectional view of the blast gel pack conditioning equipment of FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 7 is a front elevational view of blast gel pack conditioning equipment in accordance to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the blast gel pack conditioning equipment of FIG. 6 taken along line AA of FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 9 is a front elevational view of blast gel pack conditioning equipment in accordance to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the blast gel pack conditioning equipment of FIG. 9 taken along line BB of FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the blast gel pack conditioning equipment of FIG. 9 taken along line CC of FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a temperature sensor in accordance to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a temperature sensor in accordance to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 is an image of blast gel pack conditioning equipment in accordance to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 15 is a graph of freezing temperature as controlled in accordance to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 16 is a graph of freezing temperature set at a constant value.
  • automated blast gel pack conditioning equipment providing relatively high-speed air-flow and low or high treatment temperatures is used for the purpose of reducing time during phase change processing of a set of gel packs.
  • phase change processing refers to a process in which some or all of the phase change material of a gel pack changes from one state to another, such as, processes of freezing a liquid to a solid state and of melting a solid to a liquid state.
  • the high-speed air-flow and/or a heating and/or cooling system in the blast gel pack conditioning equipment is used to reduce the time needed to condition and stabilize the temperature of the gel packs at a final desired temperature. Accordingly, embodiments disclosed herein are able to reduce an overall time of a conditioning process of a set of gel packs, such as PCM gel packs.
  • the automated blast gel pack conditioning equipment may include a customized controller to run the complete process of gel pack phase change processing and/or conditioning within the same unit at reduced process times by taking advantage of high-speed airflow, a powerful refrigeration system, and a heating system within the same unit.
  • FIG. 1 An example of an embodiment of blast gel pack conditioning equipment is shown in FIG. 1 and includes blast gel pack conditioning equipment 10 in which a separate trolley 12 , or multiple separate trolleys (not shown), able to hold a large quantity of gel packs may be positioned.
  • the blast gel pack conditioning equipment 10 may include an electric heater 14 and temperature sensors 16 at strategic locations within the blast gel pack conditioning equipment 10 .
  • the blast gel pack conditioning equipment 10 may include a controller 18 and interface 20 .
  • the controller 18 may be configured to receive temperature measurements from the sensors 16 and may communicate with a blast freezer native controller 22 of the blast gel pack conditioning equipment 10 and the heater 14 to adjust the temperature of the air within the blast gel pack conditioning equipment 10 and to determine when to switch between phase change processing, freezing, refrigeration, venting, warming, melting, conditioning, and like operations.
  • the controller 18 may be configured to run software that stores specific details of various recipes (temperature, time, etc.) used to condition gel packs, such as PCM gel packs, and to control the capacity/amount of cooling and heating of the system in order to assure phase change of the PCM material of the gel packs and stabilized temperature across the entire trolley or trolleys 12 .
  • the electric heater 14 is used to the warm the air within the blast gel pack conditioning equipment 10 , such as during conditioning, and sensors 16 are installed at points within the blast conditioner 10 identified as extremes for various of the phase change processing and conditioning to enable precise control of air temperature within the blast gel pack conditioning equipment 10 .
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 disclose a trolley 24 according to an embodiment.
  • the trolley 24 includes wheels 26 and a support structure 28 including shelves or spaces 30 for receiving and supporting individual gel packs.
  • the brackets 28 a for supporting the shelves 30 are spaced to assure appropriate spacing between gel packs to promote even air flow over all gel packs regardless of location throughout the trolley 24 .
  • the trolley 24 is of a size that can be located within a void or a trolley-receiving space of a gel pack conditioner as disclosed in greater detail below. Multiple trolleys may be used.
  • Another problem with conventional equipment is that a section of gel packs located closer to fans or blowers within the conventional equipment may be exposed to higher air flow. Thus, one side of gel packs may freeze faster during a freezing process. However, during a stabilization process, these gel packs may melt before the remaining gel packs.
  • FIG. 4 shows blast gel pack conditioning equipment 32 in accordance to an embodiment which is specifically designed to address the above referenced problems.
  • One or more trolleys of gel packs may be located in the blast gel pack conditioning equipment 32 , and the blast gel pack conditioning equipment 32 according to an embodiment is configured to increase the homogeneity of air flow and temperature within the volume of a trolley or trolleys, such as trolley 24 supporting gel packs located within the blast gel pack conditioning equipment 32 .
  • the blast gel pack conditioning equipment 32 shown in FIGS. 4-6 includes an outer housing 34 in which air flow is confined.
  • the housing 34 may be insulated and may include a door 36 at a front 34 a of the blast gel pack conditioning equipment 32 aligned with an internal tunnel structure 38 sized for receiving the trolley 24 (or trolleys).
  • the door 36 may be opened to permit entrance or exit of the trolley 24 (or trolleys) and may be closed during a phase change and/or conditioning process.
  • An evaporator 40 for chilling air and an electric heater 42 for heating air within the housing 34 are located adjacent a rear 38 a of the tunnel 38 to cool or heat air being circulated through the housing.
  • a set of fans or blowers 44 are located adjacent the rear of the tunnel 38 on opposite lateral sides thereof.
  • High-speed air flow of cold, chilled, ambient, or heated air within the blast gel pack conditioning equipment 32 is circulated within the housing 34 by the fans 44 through side ducts or aisles 46 within the housing 34 in a direction toward a front of the blast gel pack conditioning equipment 32 external of closed sides of the tunnel 38 and is then directed by the front of the housing 34 into a front opening 38 b of the tunnel 38 and through the tunnel 38 to return to the evaporator 40 and heater 42 at the rear 38 a of the tunnel 38 .
  • the air flow through the trolley 24 is linear air flow 48 laterally across and through the trolley 24 from front to back.
  • FIGS. 7-11 show additional embodiments of blast gel pack conditioning equipment which are configured to ensure uniformity of temperature of the air flowing at the top and bottom of the tunnel.
  • the set of fans 144 of blast gel pack conditioning equipment 132 include a lower fan 144 a directing air flow toward a top front of the blast gel pack conditioning equipment 132 and an upper fan 144 b directing air flow toward a bottom front of the blast gel pack conditioning equipment 132 . This ensures that the air flow and temperature of the air flow is mixed within the ducts or aisles 146 before entering the tunnel 138 .
  • FIGS. 7-11 show additional embodiments of blast gel pack conditioning equipment which are configured to ensure uniformity of temperature of the air flowing at the top and bottom of the tunnel.
  • flanges or flaps, 250 and 252 may be located within the ducts or aisles 246 on different sides thereof to direct air flow up (see FIG. 10 ) or down (see FIG. 11 ) within the duct or aisle 246 of blast gel pack conditioning equipment 232 . In either of the above referenced blast gel pack conditioning equipment.
  • the homogeneity of the temperature of the air circulating within the conditioners, 132 and 232 is improved (i.e., by adjusting an angle of the top and bottom fans, 144 a and 144 b , to cause mixture of the air flows within a middle section of the duct or aisle 146 , or to direct air flow with the use of flanges or flaps, 250 and 252 , to cause mixture of the air flows within a middle section of the duct or aisle 246 ).
  • At least some of the temperature sensors within blast gel pack conditioning equipment may be constructed in the form of small pots or pot-shaped containers 60 filled with paraffin 62 or other waxy substance having a melting temperature, for instance, of about +50° C. (about 120° F.). Consequently, the paraffin 62 remains solid at all times (during cooling and heating) as a maximum temperature of the gel pack conditioner may be limited to about +40° C. (104° F.).
  • a temperature sensor 64 is located within the pot 60 at an outer edge of the paraffin for purposes of mimicking a temperature at the edge of PCM material within a gel pack. This permits the controller and software of the blast gel pack conditioning equipment to appropriately limit heating and cooling operations to within acceptable ranges within the blast gel pack conditioning equipment.
  • the sensors with paraffin are located at positions within the blast gel pack conditioning equipment that would represent specifically-defined risks for gel pack conditioning in each step of a conditioning process.
  • these positions are shown in the blast gel pack conditioning equipment 332 in FIG. 14 and may include: P1—Air Insufflation (hottest point when heating/front of the tunnel); P2—Air return (represents the effect of the air after exchanging heat with the PCM gel packs/rear of the tunnel), P3—Top (hottest point when heating/top of tunnel); and P4—Bottom (lowest point of heat exchange when freezing/bottom of tunnel).
  • the blast gel pack conditioning equipment 332 may include additional temperature sensors that are exposed directly to the air in the blast gel pack conditioning equipment (i. e., that are not located in pots or embedded within paraffin). These additional temperature sensors provide fast-response sensors for the purpose of avoiding excess heating or cooling during a stabilization process.
  • the positions of these fast-response sensors may include: A1—Air Insufflation (hottest point when heating/front of tunnel); and A2—Air return (represents the effect of the air after exchanging heat with the PCM gel packs/rear of the tunnel).
  • the software of the controller of the blast gel pack conditioning equipment 332 receives temperature measurements from the sensors and calculates an average temperature value from measurements taken by the sensor at P1 (i.e., air insufflation—hottest point when heating/front of tunnel) and the sensor at P2 (i.e., air return—the air after exchanging heat with the PCM gel packs/rear of tunnel) to enable cooling or heating during the stabilization process. For instance, provided the average value falls within a pre-set range or above or below pre-set thresholds, cooling or heating may be permitted to continue.
  • the software of the controller of the blast gel pack conditioning equipment 332 may also calculate an average temperature value from measurements taken by the sensor at A1 (i.
  • the sensor at P3 (top) is used to limit the heating process as it may read temperature higher than the sensor at P1 (i.e., air insufflation—hottest point when heating) at some stages of conditioning. Thus, if the measurement at P3 reaches a pre-set threshold, the temperature during a heating process may be automatically reduced by a predetermined amount.
  • the sensor at P4 (bottom) is used to assure phase change of the PCM material at a location with lowest heat exchange capacity. Thus, if the measurement at P4 falls to a pre-set threshold, the temperature during a heating or cooling phase change process may be automatically increased by a predetermined amount.
  • the software of the controller of the blast gel pack conditioning equipment may also be configured to control the freezing phase change process of gel packs by integrating the delta or variation in temperature below phase change temperature of the PCM material using temperature readings from the paraffin sensors (P1, P2, P3 and P4) as considered extreme temperatures of the edges of the gel packs.
  • the software may add to the accumulated integral of each paraffin sensor the delta temperature between paraffin temperature and the phase change point of the PCM material being conditioned.
  • the freezing phase change process time is proportional to the delta temperature.
  • the graph shown in FIG. 15 provides an example in which the integral of a paraffin sensor as discussed above reaches the value of 2,800 K*min in about 110 minutes.
  • the graph shown in FIG. 16 provides a comparative example in which the value of 2,800 K*min would be achieved in 120 minutes when the temperature is simply fixed at ⁇ 20° C.
  • the controller for carrying out any of the above disclosed embodiments, methods, or arrangements may include software or the like provided on a circuit board or within another electronic device and can include various routers, modems, processors, microprocessors, modules, units, components, controllers, chips, disk drives, and the like. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that systems, modules, components, units, processors, servers, and the like may be implemented as electronic components, software, hardware or a combination of hardware and software for purposes of providing a system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Accommodation For Nursing Or Treatment Tables (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Cold Air Circulating Systems And Constructional Details In Refrigerators (AREA)
US16/711,477 2018-12-13 2019-12-12 Blast gel pack conditioning equipment Active 2040-04-01 US11326826B2 (en)

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US16/711,477 US11326826B2 (en) 2018-12-13 2019-12-12 Blast gel pack conditioning equipment

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