Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B69/00—Dyes not provided for by a single group of this subclass
  • C09B69/10—Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds
  • C09B69/101—Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds containing an anthracene dye
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B1/00—Dyes with anthracene nucleus not condensed with any other ring
  • C09B1/16—Amino-anthraquinones
  • C09B1/20—Preparation from starting materials already containing the anthracene nucleus
  • C09B1/22—Dyes with unsubstituted amino groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B1/00—Dyes with anthracene nucleus not condensed with any other ring
  • C09B1/16—Amino-anthraquinones
  • C09B1/20—Preparation from starting materials already containing the anthracene nucleus
  • C09B1/36—Dyes with acylated amino groups
  • C09B1/473—Dyes with acylated amino groups the acyl groups being residues of a sulfonic acid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
  • C09B1/00—Dyes with anthracene nucleus not condensed with any other ring
  • C09B1/56—Mercapto-anthraquinones
  • C09B1/58—Mercapto-anthraquinones with mercapto groups substituted by aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aryl radicals
  • C09B1/585—Mercapto-anthraquinones with mercapto groups substituted by aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aryl radicals substituted by aryl radicals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
  • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
  • C09K19/38—Polymers
  • C09K19/3804—Polymers with mesogenic groups in the main chain
  • C09K19/3809—Polyesters; Polyester derivatives, e.g. polyamides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
  • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
  • C09K19/38—Polymers
  • C09K19/3833—Polymers with mesogenic groups in the side chain
  • C09K19/3842—Polyvinyl derivatives
  • C09K19/3852—Poly(meth)acrylate derivatives
  • C09K19/3857—Poly(meth)acrylate derivatives containing at least one asymmetric carbon atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
  • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
  • C09K19/38—Polymers
  • C09K19/3833—Polymers with mesogenic groups in the side chain
  • C09K19/3842—Polyvinyl derivatives
  • C09K19/3852—Poly(meth)acrylate derivatives
  • C09K19/3861—Poly(meth)acrylate derivatives containing condensed ring systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
  • C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
  • C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
  • C09K19/56—Aligning agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
  • C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
  • C09K19/58—Dopants or charge transfer agents
  • C09K19/586—Optically active dopants; chiral dopants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
  • C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
  • C09K19/60—Pleochroic dyes
  • C09K19/603—Anthroquinonic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
  • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
  • C09K2019/0444—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group
  • C09K2019/0448—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group the end chain group being a polymerizable end group, e.g. -Sp-P or acrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K2219/00—Aspects relating to the form of the liquid crystal [LC] material, or by the technical area in which LC material are used
  • C09K2219/03—Aspects relating to the form of the liquid crystal [LC] material, or by the technical area in which LC material are used in the form of films, e.g. films after polymerisation of LC precursor

Definitions

• the present invention relates to new dichroic dyes, their composition with slave materials and their use for a dichroic polymer network, a dichroic liquid crystalline polymer film (LCP film) or a dichroic liquid crystalline polymer gel, which for instance find application as electro-optical or optical devices.
• a dichroic polymer network a dichroic liquid crystalline polymer film (LCP film) or a dichroic liquid crystalline polymer gel, which for instance find application as electro-optical or optical devices.
• the present invention relates in a first aspect to a dichroic dye of formula (I):
• X 1 is NR or S
• X 2 is a single bond, NR, S or O
• Y 1 , Y 2 independently from each other are a single bond, NR, S or O
• Z 1 , Z 2 independently from each other are a single bond, NR, S or O
• R represents hydrogen, unbranched or branched lower alkyl radical
• W 1 , W 2 , W 3 , W 4 , W 5 , W 6 independently from each other are H, unsubstituted or substituted, unbranched or branched C 1 -C 30 alkyl radical, in which one or more —CH— or —CH 2 — group may be replaced by a linking group
• PG is a polymerizable group
• n1, n2, n3, n4, n5, n6 independently from each other signifies 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 whereby the sum of n1, n2, n3, n4, n5 and n6 is ⁇ 1, with the pro
• the wording linking group is selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, —NR 1 —, —CH ⁇ N—, —N ⁇ N—, —CH(OR 1 )—, —CO—, —CO—NR 1 —, —NR 1 —CO—, —NR 1 —CO—O—, —O—CO—NR 1 —, —NR 1 —CO—NR 1 —, —CO—O—, —O—CO—NR 1 —, —O—CO—, —O—CO—, —SO—, —SO 2 —, —Si(R 1 ) 2 —, —O—Si(R 1 ) 2 —, —O—Si(R 1 ) 2 —O—, —C ⁇ C—, —C ⁇ C—, an aromatic or alicyclic group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more straight chain or branched lower alkyl radical, halogens
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 independently from each other represent hydrogen, straight chain or branched lower alkyl radical
• aromatic includes optionally substituted carbocyclic and heterocyclic groups comprising five-, six- or ten-membered ring systems, such as furane, benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, naphthalene or tetraline units.
• preferred aromatic ring is selected from the group consisting of benzene, naphthalene or tetraline, even more preferred aromatic ring is benzene.
• alicyclic includes non-aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring systems having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclopentene, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, 1,3 dioxane, cyclohexadiene and decaline.
• preferred alicyclic ring is selected from the group consisting of cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclopentene, cyclohexane or cyclohexene, even more preferred alicyclic ring is cyclohexane.
• straight chain or branched C 1 -C 30 alkyl radical includes groups selected from the group comprising methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, cyclopentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, 3-methylpentyl, allyl, but-3-en-1-yl, pent-4-en-1-yl, hex-5-en-1-yl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, hexyloxy,
• polymerizable group is selected from the group consisting of CH 2 ⁇ CQ-, CH 2 ⁇ CQ-COO—, CH 2 ⁇ CH—CO—NH—, CH 2 ⁇ C(Ph)-CO—NH—, CH 2 ⁇ CH—O—, CH 2 ⁇ CH—OOC—, Ph-CH ⁇ CH—, CH 2 ⁇ CH-Ph-, CH 2 ⁇ CH-Ph-O—, R 5 -Ph-CH ⁇ CH—COO—, R 5 —OOC—CH ⁇ CH-Ph-O—, N-maleinimidyl, wherein Q is hydrogen, chloro, or methyl, R 5 is straight chain or branched C 1 -C 8 alkyl or alkoxy, Ph- is phenyl and -Ph- is 1,4-phenylene.
• preferred polymerizable group is selected from the group consisting of CH 2 ⁇ CQ-, CH 2 ⁇ CQ-COO—, CH 2 ⁇ CH—CO—NH—, CH 2 ⁇ C(Ph)-CO—NH—, CH 2 ⁇ CH—O—, CH 2 ⁇ CH—OOC—, CH 2 ⁇ CH-Ph-O—, wherein Q is hydrogen, chloro, or methyl
• more preferred polymerizable group is selected from the group consisting of CH 2 ⁇ CQ-, CH 2 ⁇ CQ-COO—, CH 2 ⁇ CH—CO—NH—, CH 2 ⁇ CH—OOC—, wherein Q is hydrogen or methyl
• even more preferred polymerizable group is selected from the group consisting of CH 2 ⁇ CQ-COO—, wherein Q is hydrogen or methyl.
• lower alkyl or lower alkyl radical is selected from the group consisting of straight chain or branched, cyclic or straight-chain, optionally substituted by one or more cyano group, one or more hydroxyl group or one or more halogen atoms C 1 -C 8 alkyl radical.
• Preferred lower C 1 -C 8 alkyl radical is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, cyclopentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, 3-metylpentyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-fluoroethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-(perfluorobutyl)ethyl, 2-(perfluorohexyl)ethyl, perfluoropropyl, perfluorobutyl, perfluoropentyl, perfluorohexyl
• lower alkyl includes straight chain and branched hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Methyl, ethyl, propyl and isopropyl groups are especially preferred.
• lower acyl includes acetyl, propionyl, butyryl and isobutyryl groups. Acetyl is especially preferred.
• halogen includes fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo, preferably fluoro and chloro.
• optionally substituted includes optionally mono-substituted by lower alkyl, nitro, cyano or halogen or poly-substituted by lower alkyl and/or cyano and/or halogen.
• dichroic dye refers to compounds exhibiting positive or negative dichroism.
• a dichroic dye includes a chromophore system to which ring systems, additional polymerizable groups and/or spacer units may be attached [i.e. formula (I)].
• X 1 is NR or S
• X 2 is a single bond, NR or S,
• Y 1 , Y 2 independently from each other are a single bond, NR or S,
• R has the same meaning as mentioned above,
• Z 1 , Z 2 independently from each other are a single bond, S or O,
• W 1 , W 2 , W 3 , W 4 , W 5 , W 6 independently from each other are H, unsubstituted or substituted, straight chain or branched C 1 -C 30 alkyl, in which one —CH— or —CH 2 — group may be replaced by one or more linking group consisting of —O—, —S—, —NR 1 —, —N ⁇ N—, —CH(OR 1 )—, —CO—NR 1 —, —NR 1 —CO—, —O—CO—NR 1 —, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O—, —SO—, —SO 2 —, —C ⁇ C—, —C ⁇ C—, an aromatic or alicyclic group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more straight chain or branched lower alkyl radical, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —OR 1 ,
• X 1 is NR or S
• X 2 is a single bond, NR or S,
• Y 1 , Y 2 independently from each other are a single bond, NR or S,
• R has the same meaning as mentioned above,
• Z 1 , Z 2 independently from each other are a single bond, S or O,
• W 1 , W 2 , W 3 , W 4 , W 5 , W 6 independently from each other are H, unsubstituted or substituted, straight chain or branched C 1 -C 30 alkyl, in which one —CH— or —CH 2 — group may be replaced by one or more linking group consisting of —O—, —S—, —NR 1 —, —CH(OR 1 )—, —CO—NR 1 —, —NR 1 —CO—, —O—CO—NR 1 —, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —SO 2 —, an aromatic or alicyclic group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more straight chain or branched lower alkyl radical, —F, —Cl, —Br, —OR 1 , —SO 2 R 1 , and wherein R 1 having the same meaning as mentioned above, with the proviso that oxygen atoms of the linking groups are not directly linked to
• X 1 is NR or S
• X 2 is a single bond, NR or S,
• Y 1 , Y 2 independently from each other are a single bond, NR or S,
• R has the same meaning as mentioned above,
• Z 1 , Z 2 independently from each other are a single bond, S or O,
• W 1 , W 2 , W 3 , W 4 , W 5 , W 6 independently from each other are H, unsubstituted or substituted, straight chain or branched C 1 -C 30 alkyl, in which one —CH— or —CH 2 — group may be replaced by one or more linking group consisting of —O—, —S—, —NR 1 —, —CH(OR 1 )—, —CO—NR 1 —, —NR 1 —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —SO 2 — or an aromatic group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more straight chain or branched lower alkyl radical, —F, —Cl or —OR 1 , and wherein R 1 having the same meaning as mentioned above, with the proviso that oxygen atoms of the linking groups are not directly linked to each other, PG is a polymerizable group consisting of CH 2 ⁇ CQ-COO—, wherein
• X 2 , X 1 are independently from each other NR
• R has the same meaning as mentioned above,
• Y 1 , Y 2 independently from each other are a single bond
• n2 1
• n1, n3, n4, n5, n6 are 0,
• W 1 , W 4 , W 5 , W 6 are hydrogen
• W 2 , W 3 are independently from each other are unsubstituted or substituted, straight chain or branched C 1 -C 30 alkyl, in which one —CH— or —CH 2 — group may be replaced by one or more linking group consisting of —O—, —S—, —NR 1 —, —CH(OR 1 )—, —CO—NR 1 —, —NR 1 —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —SO 2 — or an aromatic group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more straight chain or branched lower alkyl radical, —F, —Cl or —OR 1 , and wherein R 1 having the same meaning as mentioned above, PG is a polymerizable group consisting of CH 2 ⁇ CQ-COO—, wherein Q is hydrogen or methyl; or even more preferred a dichroic dye of formula (I), wherein X 1 is S, X 2 is single bond or NR
• the present invention relates to a composition, preferably a slave composition, more preferably a liquid crystalline composition, comprising at least one dichroic dye (I) as described above within the given preferences, and at least one slave material, preferably a liquid crystal material or a polymerizable liquid crystal.
• a composition preferably a slave composition, more preferably a liquid crystalline composition, comprising at least one dichroic dye (I) as described above within the given preferences, and at least one slave material, preferably a liquid crystal material or a polymerizable liquid crystal.
• a “slave material” shall refer to any material that has the capability to establish anisotropy upon contact with an aligned material, preferably photo-aligned material.
• the nature of the anisotropy in the aligned material and in the slave material may be different from each other.
• the slave material may exhibit light absorption anisotropy for visible light and therefore can act as a polarizer, whereas the anisotropy of the aligned material may only be related to the molecular orientation.
• a slave material may comprise polymerizable and/or non-polymerizable compounds.
• polymerizable and/or polymerized shall include the meaning of “cross-linkable” and “cross-linked”, respectively.
• polymerization shall include the meaning of “cross-linking”.
• the slave material is a self-organizing material. More preferred is that the slave material is a liquid crystal material and in particular preferred is that the slave material is a liquid crystal polymer material.
• a “slave composition” shall refer to a composition comprising a slave material.
• LCP Polymerizable liquid crystals
• mixtures of two or more LCP components may be used. At least one of the LCP components may optionally comprise more than one polymerizable group in the chemical structure in order to achieve cross-linking.
• cross-linkers As an alternative or to improve cross-linking abilities the addition of isotropic compounds comprising two or more polymerizable groups, so called cross-linkers, may also be possible. Furthermore well-known additives such as, e.g. phenol derivatives for stabilization and photoinitiators such as, e.g. Irgacure® may also be present in the inventive mixture.
• the number of dichroic dyes of formula (I) present in the composition may depend mainly on the spectral working range of the polarizer and on the solubility of the dyes. Colored polarizers, which are absorbing in a selective spectral range or the whole visible range may preferably be achieved by the presence of one or more dyes in the composition.
• composition of the invention consequently comprise at least one polymerizable dichroic dye according to the general formula (I), at least one polymerizable liquid crystal and optionally additives, such as cross-linkers, stabilizers and photoinitiator.
• compositions comprising one to four dichroic dyes of formula (I) and at least one polymerizable liquid crystal and optionally additives such as cross-linkers, stabilizers and photoinitiators.
• compositions of the invention may comprise in addition another dichroic or non-dichroic dye, which resulting mixture may be used as a dichroic dye of a desired color hue. No limitation is imposed in this context.
• the total content of dichroic dyes of formula (I) in the inventive composition may depend on different factors such as solubility in the LCP host, influence on the liquid crystalline properties (e.g. depression of clearing point) and absorption ability (extinction) of the dyes involved.
• Preferred dye concentrations may be in the range of 0.1 to 50 wt %, more preferably from 0.5 to 30 wt %, most preferably from 0.5 to 20 wt %.
• the dichroic dyes (I) according to the invention are also of value in the manufacture of dyed cholesteric layers. When added to a cholesteric mixture the dichroic dyes according to the invention are able to contribute to the enhancement of special color effects and therefore their further use in the formation of dyed cholesteric devices is an additional and valuable asset.
• compositions of the invention as described hereinabove may further comprise at least one chiral polymerizable liquid crystalline compound or at least one chiral component, to induce a cholesteric phase for the creation of dyed cholesteric layers.
• the invention also provides the use of said composition for the preparation of a dichroic polymer network, a dichroic liquid crystalline polymer film (LCP film) or a dichroic liquid crystalline polymer gel.
• a dichroic polymer network a dichroic liquid crystalline polymer film (LCP film) or a dichroic liquid crystalline polymer gel.
• the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a dichroic polymer network, a dichroic liquid crystalline polymer film (LCP film) or a dichroic liquid crystalline polymer gel, which process comprises polymerizing a dichroic dye or a composition of the present invention.
• the invention provides a dichroic polymer network, a dichroic liquid crystalline polymer film (LCP film) or a dichroic liquid crystalline polymer gel comprising dichroic dyes and/or compositions according to the present invention.
• a dichroic polymer network, a dichroic liquid crystalline polymer film (LCP film) or a dichroic liquid crystalline polymer gel may readily be prepared by UV or thermal polymerization of the mixtures of the present invention.
• a film comprising a composition according to the present invention is formed on a substrate, for example, by first preparing a solution of a composition, which is subsequently applied to a support by different coating techniques, such as spin coating, dip coating, meniscus coating, wire coating, slot coating, offset printing, inkjet printing, flexo printing, gravure printing. After evaporation of the solvent the obtained film is polymerized using UV light to give a cross-linked dichroic liquid crystal film of preferably 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m thickness, more preferable 0.2 to 50 ⁇ m thickness, even more preferable 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m thickness. If required such films may further be coated with other layers, such as, e.g. protective layers for protection against oxygen, UV-irradiation or mechanical stress. Such films may be used in the manufacture of devices such as polarizers or optical filters.
• substrates used in the preparation of dichroic LCP films may include transparent substrates, such as glass or plastic including an orientation layer, which is able to induce a uniform orientation to the mixture.
• orientation layers may include rubbed polyimide, or polyamide or preferably layers of photo-orientable materials.
• a well-suited kind of photo-orientable orientation layers are Linearly Photopolymerizable Polymers (LPP), also sometimes referred to as Light Controlled Molecular Orientation (LCMO). Backgrounds and manufacturing of such orientation layers are disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,389,698, 5,838,407, 5,602,661, 6,160,597, 6,144,428, all of the applicant.
• segments (pixels) of locally varying orientation may be formed.
• segments (pixels) of locally varying orientation may be formed.
• multilayer systems formed from stacks of alternating LPP and LCP layers, wherein at least one of the LCP layers is a dichroic LCP layer are feasible.
• Such layers or stacks of layers may additionally be covered by other well-known functional layers, such as, e.g. protecting layers against oxygen or humidity or layers for protection against ultraviolet radiation.
• photo-orienting materials like LPPs may also be able to orient liquid crystals, such as LCPs, if they are admixed to the mixture to be oriented prior to illumination with polarized light. In this way, orientation layers and LCP layers need not be formed separately.
• an analogous preparation of a dichroic LCP film using an inventive mixture, which in addition contains a photo-orientable material, may also be possible.
• the present invention relates to the use of said composition of the present invention and a dichroic polymer network, a dichroic liquid crystalline polymer film (LCP film) or a dichroic liquid crystalline polymer gel of the present invention for the preparation of electro-optical and optical devices, preferably including security devices or multi-layer systems, such as functional foils.
• a dichroic polymer network preferably including security devices or multi-layer systems, such as functional foils.
• LCP film dichroic liquid crystalline polymer film
• a dichroic liquid crystalline polymer gel of the present invention for the preparation of electro-optical and optical devices, preferably including security devices or multi-layer systems, such as functional foils.
• a further aspect of the invention provides an electro-optical or optical device, preferably a security device or an optical film, or a multi-layer system, such as a functional foil, comprising a dichroic polymer network, a dichroic liquid crystalline polymer film (LCP film) or a dichroic liquid crystalline polymer gel of the present invention.
• Electro-optical or optical devices may include structured or unstructured optical filters, polarizers, especially linear or circular polarizers, etc. Examples of electro-optical or optical devices are polarizers, optical films, security or authentication devices may for instance be used to safeguard banknotes, credit cards, securities, identity cards and the like against forgery and copying.
• BOPP biaxially oriented polypropylen
• 1-aminoanthraquinone (46.0 parts) commercial available such as from Sigma Aldrich, is dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid (98%, 200 mL) at 60° C. When the product is completely dissolved, the temperature is decreased to room temperature before slow addition of ice (800.0 parts) with efficient stirring. To the resulting slurry at 0-5° C. is then added drop wise bromine (72.4 parts) over a period of 3 hours. The resulting mixture is stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. Excess bromine is then removed by bubbling nitrogen in the reaction mixture. The precipitate is then filtered and washed with water (1000 mL).
• 6-chlorohexan-1-ol (20.0 parts) (commercial available such as from Sigma Aldrich), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (36.2 parts) and methacrylic acid (15.2 parts) are dissolved in tetrahydrofurane (200 mL). 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (2.0 parts) is added and the mixture is stirred 24 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture is then filtered over celite and the filtrate is evaporated to dryness. The residue is then purified by column chromatography (SiO 2 ; eluent: toluene) to afford 30.0 parts of compound (3) as a colorless oil.
• Tetrahydrofurane is evaporated under vacuum and the resulting precipitate is filtered and successively washed with n-heptane (200 mL). The resulting product is finally dried overnight at 500° C. under vacuum to afford 5.3 parts of compound (8) as a dark reddish-pink solid.
• 1,8-dichloroanthraquinone (5.0 parts) (commercial available such as from Sigma Aldrich) and 4-hydroxybenzenethiol (9.1 parts) are added to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (100 mL) and stirred at room temperature. Potassium carbonate (3.0 parts) is added and the reaction mixture is heated to 1000° C. for 4 hours. Temperature is decreased to room temperature and ethyl acetate (400 mL) is added. The organic phase is successively washed with 1 wt % aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (2 ⁇ 200 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (2 ⁇ 200 mL).
• 1,8-dichloroanthraquinone (10.0 parts) and 4-aminobenzenethiol (11.4 parts) are added to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (100 mL) and stirred at room temperature.
• Potassium carbonate (12.5 parts) is added and the reaction mixture is heated to 100° C. for 4 hours.
• Temperature is decreased to room temperature and methanol (250 mL) is added dropwise with efficient stirring.
• the resulting precipitate is filtered, successively washed with methanol (250 mL), water (500 mL) and finally dried overnight at 50° C. under vacuum to afford 15.1 parts of compound (11) as a yellow-orange solid.
• 1,8-Dichloroanthraquinone (104.0 parts), tosylamine (250.0 parts), potassium acetate (146.0 parts) and anhydrous copper acetate (5.0 parts) in amyl alcohol (1000 mL) are stirred and refluxed for 20 hours. Temperature is decreased to room temperature and methanol (1000 mL) is added. The precipitate is filtered, successively washed with methanol (1000 mL) and water (1000 mL). The obtained press-cake is dried overnight at 50° C. under vacuum to afford 185.0 parts of compound (13) as an orange solid.
• the resulting solid is further purified by column chromatography (SiO 2 ; eluent: toluene/ethyl acetate: 95/5) and finally dried overnight at 50° C. under vacuum to afford 2.1 parts of compound (28) as a dark blue-violet solid.
• Photoinitiator is Irgacure® 369 from BASF.
• the mixtures M LCP1 to M LCP16 are used to produce oriented, dichroic liquid crystal samples on plastic substrates as described below.
• each single specimen comprised an alignment layer and a dichroic liquid crystal polymer layer.
• the alignment layers are manufactured using the linearly photo-polymerizable aligning (LPP) technique.
• LPP linearly photo-polymerizable aligning
• the dichroic liquid crystal polymer layers are oriented by the adjacent LPP layers. The manufacturing processes of both layers are described in the following.
• LPP orientation layer For the production of an LPP orientation layer, suitable LPP materials are described for example in patent publications EP 0 611 786, WO 96/10049, EP 0 763 552 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,107,427, and include cinnamic acid derivatives and ferulic acid derivatives.
• LPP material is chosen, which is described in WO2012/08504, example 1:
• a 4 wt % solution of the above mentioned LPP material in a mixture of solvent composed of methylethylketone and cyclohexanone (80/20 w/w) is coated on a BOPP (50 ⁇ m) substrate using a bar coater (KBar 0).
• the foil is then warmed for 30 seconds at 80° C. in an oven.
• the resulting layer has a thickness of approximately 100 nanometers.
• the coated film is then exposed to linearly polarized UV light from a mercury high pressure lamp using an energy dose of 300 mJ/cm 2 at room temperature.
• the layer is then used as an orientation layer for a liquid crystal material comprising dichroic dyes.
• the mixtures M LCP1 to M LCP16 are dissolved in a mixture of solvent composed of methylethylketone and cyclohexanone (80/20 w/w) to give a 40 wt % solution.
• These LCP mixtures, which include dichroic dyes, are then coated on top of the photo-exposed LPP layers using a bar coater (KBar 2).
• the coated dichroic LCP layers are then dried at 60° C. for approximately 30 seconds in an oven.
• the layers are exposed to isotropic light from a xenon lamp using an energy dose of 1500 mJ/cm 2 at room temperature in an inert atmosphere.
• the resulting layer has a thickness of approximately 3 micrometers.
• Table 2 shows the order parameters S of samples P 1 to P 16 measured at the indicated wavelength.

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