US10315522B2 - Charge/discharge system - Google Patents

Charge/discharge system Download PDF

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Publication number
US10315522B2
US10315522B2 US15/036,068 US201315036068A US10315522B2 US 10315522 B2 US10315522 B2 US 10315522B2 US 201315036068 A US201315036068 A US 201315036068A US 10315522 B2 US10315522 B2 US 10315522B2
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Prior art keywords
capacitor
electric power
charge
power
secondary battery
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US15/036,068
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US20160288662A1 (en
Inventor
Kunihiko Hikiri
Takayuki Tsuchiya
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UD Trucks Corp
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Volvo Lastvagnar AB
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Assigned to UD TRUCKS CORPORATION reassignment UD TRUCKS CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VOLVO LASTVAGNAR AB
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    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y02T10/7005—
    • Y02T10/7022—
    • Y02T10/7044—
    • Y02T10/705—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y02T10/7077—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y02T10/7225—
    • Y02T10/7241—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/907—Electricity storage, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/951—Assembly or relative location of components

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a charge/discharge system capable of supplying electric power to an electric motor generator and of charging with regenerative electric power from the electric motor generator.
  • batteries have been used to supply electric power to an electric motor as a driving-power source for a vehicle or the like.
  • Examples of the battery used include secondary batteries such as a lead storage battery and a lithium-ion battery.
  • Other devices other than batteries also are known to charge/discharge electric energy using an electric double-layer capacitor or the like.
  • Batteries have large storable capacity, but their life will be shortened if charge/discharge is performed frequently or with a large charge/discharge depth.
  • capacitors are robust over such frequent charge/discharge or a large charge/discharge depth and have a long life, but have relatively small storable capacity. In this way, batteries and capacitors are different in their characteristics, and therefore when a battery and a capacitor are mounted together, it is necessary to control them in accordance with their respective characteristics.
  • JP 2008-035670 A discloses an electric-power supplying apparatus for a vehicle provided with a plurality of charging mechanisms including a battery and a capacitor that is configured to keep the sufficient charging amount of the capacitor whose output performance is superior to the battery.
  • the electric-power supplying apparatus described in JP2008-035670A is configured to it the voltage of the capacitor is lower than the boosted voltage obtained by increasing the rated voltage by a boosting converter, charge the capacitor with electric power supplied from the battery. This may lead to the risk of deterioration in energy efficiency because charge discharge is performed between the battery and the capacitor.
  • a charge/discharge system capable of supplying electric power to an electric motor generator and of charging with regenerative electric power from the electric motor generator
  • the charge/discharge system including: a capacitor connected to the electric motor generator; a secondary battery connected in parallel to the capacitor; an electric power converter placed between the capacitor and the secondary battery to increase/decrease charge/discharge voltage of the secondary battery; and a compeller to control the electric power converter.
  • the controller includes: a request power calculation unit configured to calculate request input output power for the electric motor generator based on current and voltage of the capacitor and input/output current of the electric power converter; a capacitor discharging bias factor map configured to specify a ratio of electric power to be supplied from the capacitor to the electric motor generator to the request input power calculated by the request power calculation unit, based on the SOC of the capacitor; a capacitor charging bias factor map configured to specify a ratio of electric power to be stored in the capacitor from the electric motor generator to the request output power calculated by the request power calculation unit, based on the SOC of the capacitor; and a subtraction unit configured to calculate charge/discharge power of the secondary battery by subtracting, from the request input/output power, the charge/discharge power of the capacitor obtained from the capacitor discharging bias factor map or the capacitor charging bias factor map.
  • FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a vehicle including a charge/discharge system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a controller in the charge/discharge system.
  • FIG. 3A describes one example of a capacitor discharging bias factor map.
  • FIG. 3B describes one example of a capacitor charging bias factor map.
  • FIG. 4A describes one example of a charge/discharge map of a secondary battery.
  • FIG. 4B describes one example of a charge/discharge map of a secondary battery.
  • FIG. 5A describes operation of the charge/discharge system during discharging, showing the case where the SOC of the capacitor is in the range from x 4 to x 3 .
  • FIG. 5B describes operation of the charge/discharge system during discharging, showing the case where the SOC of the capacitor is in the range from x 3 to x 2 .
  • FIG. 5C describes operation of the charge/discharge system during discharging, showing the case where the SOC of the capacitor is in the range from x 2 to x 1 .
  • FIG. 6A describes operation of the charge/discharge system during charging, showing the case where the SOC of the capacitor is in the range from x 1 to x 2 .
  • FIG. 6B describes operation of the charge/discharge system during charging, showing the case where the SOC of the capacitor is in the range from x 2 to x 3 .
  • FIG. 6C describes operation of the charge/discharge system during charging, showing the case where the SOC of the capacitor is in the range from x 3 to x 4 .
  • the charge/discharge system 1 includes: a motor generator 2 as an electric motor generator; an inverter 3 to drive the motor generator 2 ; a capacitor 10 connected to the motor generator 2 via the inverter 3 ; a secondary battery 20 connected in parallel to the capacitor 10 ; an electric power convener 30 placed between the capacitor 10 and the secondary battery 20 ; a controller 50 to control the electric power convener 30 ; and an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 100 to control the vehicle as a whole including the charge/discharge system 1 .
  • the charge/discharge system 1 can supply electric power to the motor generator 2 and can be charged with regenerative electric power from the motor generator 2 .
  • the capacitor 10 includes an electric double-layer capacitor to charge/discharge electric power.
  • the secondary battery 20 includes a nickel-hydride secondary battery or a lithium ion secondary battery, for example, to charge/discharge electric power.
  • the capacitor 10 and the secondary battery 20 supply the stored electric power to the motor generator 2 via the inverter 3 . Then the capacitor 10 and the secondary battery 20 are charged with electric power generated by the motor generator 2 , via the inverter 3 .
  • the inverter 3 performs AC-DC conversion between the capacitor 10 or the secondary battery 20 and the motor generator 2 .
  • the electric power converter 30 includes a DC/DC converter, for example.
  • the electric power converter 30 increases the voltage of electric power discharged from the secondary battery 20 , and supplies it to the motor generator 2 .
  • the electric power converter 30 decreases the voltage of regenerative electric power from the motor generator 2 and charges the secondary battery 20 with it, In this way, the electric power converter 30 increases/decreases the charge/discharge voltage of the secondary battery 20 .
  • Electric auxiliaries 9 are connected to the secondary battery 20 , and the secondary battery 20 supplies electric power to the electric auxiliaries 9 .
  • the electric auxiliaries 9 include a pump of an air conditioner or a coolant circuit, a radiator fan, and other electrically driven units, for example.
  • the motor generator 2 functions as a vehicle driving power source to rotate driving wheels 5 .
  • the motor generator 2 functions as a generator, and the power is recovered as regenerative electric power.
  • An engine 4 functions as a vehicle driving power source solely or together with the motor generator 2 . Further the engine 4 may drive the motor generator 2 to make the motor generator 2 generate electric power.
  • the ECU 100 controls operation of the inverter 3 and the engine 4 .
  • the ECU 100 is electrically connected to the controller 50 communicably.
  • the ECU 100 supplies electric, power stored in the capacitor 10 and the secondary battery 20 to the motor generator 2 via the inverter 3 , thus starting to move the vehicle. If the SOC of both of the capacitor 10 and the secondary battery 20 is low or if large power is required, for example, the ECU 100 makes the engine 4 operate for hybrid traveling so that the vehicle travels with the driving force of the engine 4 and the driving force of the motor generator 2 .
  • the ECU 100 drives the motor generator 2 as a generator, and the generated electric power is stored in the capacitor 10 and the secondary battery 20 via the inverter 3 .
  • the secondary battery 20 includes a lithium ion secondary battery.
  • the life of the secondary battery 20 is significantly shortened if charge/discharge is performed frequently with high power or with a large charge/discharge depth. Therefore, it is necessary to control the secondary battery so as to avoid such charge/discharge.
  • the capacitor 10 has charging capacity smaller than that of the secondary battery 20 , it is resistant to shortening of the life resulting from charge/discharge performed frequently with high power or with a large charge/discharge depth.
  • the electric power stored in the capacitor 10 be used when high electric power is to be supplied to the motor generator 2 within a short time, such as the case where the vehicle starts to move.
  • the electric power storable in the capacitor 10 is limited, and therefore it is preferable that a mechanism enabling usage of the electric power stored in the secondary battery 20 as needed be provided.
  • the ECU 100 controls as to whether to drive the motor generator 2 or to make the motor generator 2 generate electric power based on the state of the vehicle.
  • the controller 50 controls the electric power converter 30 to determine the ratio of input/output voltages of each of the capacitor 10 and the secondary battery 20 during, charge/discharge. Such control by the controller 50 is described later in details.
  • the ECU 100 controls driving and power generation at the motor generator 2 as well as the operation of the engine 4 .
  • controller 50 is described below referring to FIGS. 2 to 4B .
  • the controller 50 includes: a capacitor SOC detection unit 51 to detect the SOC (State of Charge) [%] of the capacitor 10 ; a capacitor current detection unit 52 to detect current Ic [A] input/output with respect to the capacitor 10 ; a capacitor voltage detection unit 53 to detect voltage Vc [V] of the capacitor 10 ; an input/output current detection unit 54 to detect input/output current Ibref [A] at the electric power converter 30 between the motor generator 2 and the electric power converter; and a secondary battery SOC detection unit 55 to detect the SOC [%] of the secondary battery 20 .
  • the controller 50 controls the operation of the electric power converter 30 .
  • the capacitor 10 may be provided with a SOC detector to detect the SOC, a current detector to detect a value of input/output current, and a voltage detector to detect voltage.
  • the secondary battery 20 may be provided with a SOC detector to detect the SOC
  • the electric power convener 30 may be provided with a current detector to detect input/output current.
  • the capacitor SOC detection unit 51 may be configured to calculate the SOC based on the voltage of the capacitor 10 that is detected by the capacitor voltage detection unit 53 .
  • the controller SO includes: a request power calculation unit 61 to calculate request input/output power for the motor generator 2 based on the current and the voltage of the capacitor 10 and the input/output current of the electric power converter 30 ; a capacitor discharging bias factor map 62 to specify the ratio of electric power to be supplied from the capacitor 10 to the motor generator 2 to the request input power calculated by the request power calculation unit 61 , based on the SOC of the capacitor 10 ; and a capacitor charging bias factor map 63 to specify the ratio of electric power to be stored in the capacitor 10 from the motor generator 2 to the request output power calculated by the request power calculation unit 61 , based on the SOC of the capacitor 10 .
  • the request power calculation unit 61 calculates request input/output power Preq [W]from current Ic [A] and voltage Vc [V] of the capacitor 10 and input/output current Iref [A] of the electric, power converter 30 between the motor generator 2 and the electric power converter 30 by Vc ⁇ (Ic+Ibref).
  • the request input/output power Preq [W] is electric power required when the motor generator 2 operates as a motor, or is regenerative electric power output when the motor generator 2 operates as a generator.
  • the input/output current Ibref [A] flows from the electric power converter 30 to the motor generator 2 when electric power is supplied to the motor generator 2 , and flows from the motor generator 2 to the electric power converter 30 when charging with regenerative electric power from the motor generator 2 is performed,
  • the capacitor discharging bias factor map 62 determines the bias factor in accordance with the SOC of the capacitor 10 that is input from the capacitor SOC detection unit 51 .
  • the capacitor discharging bias factor map 62 outputs 1.0.
  • the capacitor discharging bias factor map 62 is configured so that, as the SOC of the capacitor 10 falls below x 2 [%] and decreases, the amount of electric power discharged from the capacitor 10 decreases, and when it decreases to be x 1 [%], the amount of electric power reaches 0. At this time, the amount of electric power discharged from the secondary battery 20 increases by the amount of a decrease in electric power discharged from the capacitor 10 .
  • x 1 [%] is set at the SOC corresponding to the voltage obtained by adding a margin to the minimum operable voltage of the inverter 3
  • x 2 [%] is set at the SOC by adding, to x 1 [%], about 5 to 10% of the range from x 1 [%] to x 4 [%] so as to avoid hunting.
  • the capacitor discharging bias factor map 62 is configured so that, when electric power is supplied to the motor generator 2 , if the SOC of the capacitor 10 is equal to or greater than x 2 [%], electric power is supplied from the capacitor 10 only, and if the SOC of the capacitor 10 falls below x 2 [%], a part or the entire of electric power is supplied from the secondary battery 20 .
  • the capacitor charging bias factor map 63 determines the bias factor in accordance with the SOC of the capacitor 10 that is input from the capacitor SOC detection unit 51 .
  • the capacitor charging bias factor map 63 outputs 1.0.
  • the capacitor charging bias factor map 63 is configured so that, as the SOC of the capacitor 10 exceeds x 3 [%] and increases, the amount of electric power stored in the capacitor 10 decreases, and when it increases to be x 4 [%], the amount of electric power reaches 0. At this time, the amount of electric power stored in the secondary battery 20 increases by the amount of a decrease in electric power stored in the capacitor 10 .
  • x 4 [%] is sot at the SOC corresponding to the voltage when the capacitor 10 is fully charged
  • x 3 [%] is set at the SOC by subtracting, from x 4 [%], about 5 to 10% of the range from x 1 [%] to x 4 [%] so as to avoid hunting.
  • the capacitor charging bias factor map 63 is configured so that, when charging with regenerative electric power from the motor generator 2 is performed, if the SOC of the capacitor 10 is equal to or smaller than x 3 [%], the regenerative electric power is stored in the capacitor 10 only, and if the SOC of the capacitor 10 exceeds x 3 [%], a part or the entire of the regenerative electric power is stored in the secondary battery 20 .
  • the controller 50 includes: a multiplication unit 64 to multiply the bias factor obtained from the capacitor discharging bias factor map 62 by the request input power; a multiplication unit 65 to multiply the bias factor obtained from the capacitor charging bias factor map 63 by the request output power; a charge/discharge changing switch 66 to change between the discharge from the capacitor 10 and the charge in the capacitor 10 in accordance with request input/output power; and a subtraction unit 67 to calculate charge/discharge power of the secondary battery 20 by subtracting, from the request input/output power, the charge/discharge power of the capacitor 10 obtained from the capacitor discharging bias factor map 62 or the capacitor charging bias factor map 63 .
  • the multiplication unit 64 multiplies the bias factor obtained from the capacitor discharging bias factor map 62 by the request input/output power Preq [W] calculated by the request power calculation unit 61 .
  • the bias factor is a value from 0 to 1.0. Therefore the multiplication unit 64 calculates the magnitude of the target capacitor output to be supplied from the capacitor 10 to the motor generator 2 out of the request input/output power Preq [W].
  • the multiplication unit 65 multiplies the bias factor obtained from the capacitor charging bias factor map 63 by the request input/output power Preq [W] calculated by the request power calculation unit 61 .
  • the bias factor is a value from 0 to 1.0. Therefore the multiplication unit 65 calculates the magnitude of the target capacitor output to be stored from the motor generator 2 to the capacitor 10 out of the request input/output power Preq [W].
  • the charge/discharge changing switch 66 determines whether the request input/output power Preq [W] calculated by the request power calculation unit 61 is a positive value or a negative value. When the request input/output power Preq [W] is a positive value, the charge/discharge changing switch 66 changes so that the capacitor 10 performs discharge target capacitor output is positive), and when the request input/output power Preq [W] is a negative value, it changes so that the capacitor 10 performs charge (target capacitor output is negative).
  • the subtraction unit 67 subtracts the target capacitor output of the capacitor 10 from the request input/output power Preq [W] calculated by the request power calculation unit 61 . Thereby target secondary-battery output of the secondary battery 20 is calculated.
  • the controller 50 includes: a charge/discharge map 71 to specify the upper limit of the range of SOC that the secondary battery 20 can use a charge/discharge map 72 to specify the lower limit thereof, and a charge/discharge limiter 73 to limit the output of the secondary battery 20 based on the upper and lower limits of the output of the secondary battery 20 obtained from the charge/discharge maps 71 , 72 .
  • SOC [%] of the secondary battery 20 is input from the secondary battery SOC detection unit 55 .
  • SOC [%] of the secondary battery 20 is input from the secondary battery SOC detection unit 55 .
  • the SOC of the secondary battery 20 is larger than a predetermined value X 4 , the output to the positive side is limited. That is, charge from the motor generator 2 to the secondary battery 20 is limited.
  • the SOC of the secondary battery 20 is smaller than a predetermined value X 1 , the output to the negative side is limited. That is, discharge from the secondary battery 20 to the motor generator 2 is limited.
  • the charge/discharge map 71 is configured so that, in order to prevent an abrupt change of the charge/discharge electric power of the secondary battery 20 caused by a change of the SOC, the output decreases with increase in SOC between a predetermined value X 3 and X 4 that is larger than X 3 , and the output is not performed, i.e., charge from the motor generator 2 to the secondary battery 20 is not performed at the time when the SOC reaches the predetermined value X 4 .
  • the charge/discharge map 72 is configured so that the output on the negative side decreases with decrease in SOC between a predetermined value X 2 and X 1 that is smaller than X 2 , and the output is not performed, i.e., discharging from the secondary battery 20 to the motor generator 2 is not performed at the time when the SOC reaches the predetermined value X 1 .
  • the upper limit of the charge/discharge amount in these charge/discharge maps 71 , 72 is set as the maximum output of the electric power converter 30 .
  • FIGS. 5A to 5C the operation of the charge/discharge system 1 during supplying of electric power from the capacitor 10 and the secondary battery 20 to the motor generator 2 is described.
  • the bias factor obtained from the capacitor discharging bias factor map 62 is 1.0. Therefore, since the electric power output from the capacitor 10 becomes equal to the request input/output power Preq [W], the electric power is supplied from the capacitor 10 only to the motor generator 2 .
  • the multiplication unit 64 multiplies the bias factor and the request input/output power Preq [W] together, whereby the magnitude of the electric power to be supplied from the capacitor 10 to the motor generator 2 is calculated.
  • the subtraction unit 67 subtracts the electric power output from the capacitor 10 from the request input/output power Preq [W] calculated by the request power calculation unit 61 , Thereby, the magnitude of the electric power to be supplied from the secondary battery 20 to the motor generator 2 is calculated.
  • the magnitude of electric power is determined so that the sum of the electric power output from the capacitor 10 and the electric power output from the secondary battery 20 equals the request input/output power Preq [W].
  • the SOC of the capacitor 10 decreases from x 2 to x 1 , the magnitude of the electric power output from the secondary battery 20 gradually increases.
  • the SOC of the capacitor 10 reaches x 1 , the electric power is supplied from the secondary battery 20 only to the motor generator 2 .
  • the ratio of electric power of discharging from the capacitor 10 to the request input/output power Preq [W] of the motor generator 2 calculated by the request power calculation unit 61 can be obtained from the capacitor discharging bias factor map 62 .
  • the subtraction unit 67 subtracts the discharging electric power of the capacitor 10 obtained from the capacitor discharging bias factor map 62 from the request input/output power Preq [W], whereby the ratio of electric power of discharging from the secondary battery 20 is determined. In this way, the sum of the electric power of discharging from the capacitor 10 and from the secondary battery 20 equals the request input/output power Preq [W].
  • the bias factor obtained from the capacitor charging bias factor map 63 is 1.0. Therefore, since the electric power stored in the capacitor 10 becomes equal to the request input/output power Preq [W], the regenerative electric power from the motor generator 2 is stored in the capacitor 10 only.
  • the multiplication unit 65 multiplies the bias factor by the request input/output power Preq [W], whereby the magnitude of the regenerative electric power to be stored from the motor generator 2 in the capacitor 10 is calculated.
  • the subtraction unit 67 subtracts the electric power to be stored in the capacitor 10 from the request input/output power Preq [W] calculated by the request power calculation unit 61 . Thereby, the magnitude of the electric power to be stored from the motor generator 2 in the secondary battery 20 is calculated.
  • the SOC of the capacitor 10 when the SOC of the capacitor 10 is in the range from x 3 to x 4 , the magnitude of electric power is determined so that the sun of the electric power to be stored in the capacitor 10 and the electric power to be stored in the secondary battery 20 equals the request input/output power Preq [W]. At this time, as the SOC of the capacitor 10 increases from x 3 to x 4 , the magnitude of the electric power to be stored In the secondary battery 20 gradually increases. Then, when the SOC of the capacitor 10 reaches x 4 , the regenerative electric power is stored from the motor generator 2 in the secondary battery 20 only.
  • the ratio of electric power to be charged from the capacitor 10 to the request input/output, power Preq [W] of the motor generator 2 calculated by the request power calculation unit 61 can be obtained from the capacitor charging bias factor map 63 .
  • the subtraction unit 67 subtracts the charging electric power of the capacitor 10 obtained from the capacitor charging bias factor map 63 from the request input/output power Preq [W], whereby the ratio of electric power to be charged from the secondary battery 20 is determined. In this way, the sum of the electric power to be charged from the capacitor 10 and the secondary battery 20 equals the request input/output power Preq [W].
  • the capacitor 10 performs charge/discharge with the motor generator 2 only, and no charge/discharge is performed between the capacitor 10 and the secondary battery 20 . Therefore, energy loss due to unnecessary charge/discharge can be suppressed, whereby the capacity of the capacitor 10 can be used maximally. This can lead to improvement in energy efficiency of the charge/discharge system 1 including the capacitor 10 and the secondary battery 20 .
  • the secondary battery 20 also performs charge/discharge with the motor generator 2 only. Therefore charge/discharge frequency of the secondary battery 20 can be decreased, and so the life of the secondary battery 20 can be made longer. Further, the capacity of the secondary battery 20 also can be made smaller, and the size and weight of the secondary battery 20 can be decreased. Alternatively, instead of making the capacity of the secondary battery 20 smaller, an inexpensive lead storage battery can be used as the secondary battery 20 , for example. This can reduce the cost of the secondary battery 20 .
  • the above-stated control can be implemented simply by controlling to distribute electric power between the capacitor 10 and the secondary battery 20 using the controller 50 without depending on a high-order system that is controlled by the ECU 100 . Therefore, the charge/discharge system 1 including the capacitor 10 and the secondary battery 20 can be used as if it were a single storage battery.
  • the request input/output power Preq [W] of the motor generator 2 is calculated by the request power calculation unit 61 .
  • the ratio of electric power of charge/discharge by the capacitor 10 is determined from the capacitor discharging bias factor map 62 and the capacitor charging bias factor map 63 that are specified based on the SOC of the capacitor 10 .
  • the subtraction unit 67 subtracts the charging/discharging electric power of the capacitor 10 obtained from the capacitor discharging bias factor map 62 or the capacitor charging bias factor map 63 from the request input/output power Preq [W], whereby the ratio of electric power of charging/discharging by the secondary battery 20 is determined.
  • the sum of the electric power of charging/discharging by the capacitor 10 and by the secondary battery 20 equals the request input/output power Preq [W], and therefore no charge/discharge is performed between the capacitor 10 and the secondary battery 20 .
  • This can lead to improvement in energy efficiency of the charge/discharge system 1 including the capacitor 10 and the secondary battery 20 .
  • the secondary battery 20 is a lithium ion secondary battery in the description of the embodiments, this is not a limiting example, and other types of secondary batteries such as a lead storage battery or a nickel hydrogen battery may be used.
  • the capacitor 10 also is not limited to the electric double-layer capacitor, and other types of capacitors such as a lithium ion capacitor may be used.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
US15/036,068 2013-11-13 2013-11-13 Charge/discharge system Expired - Fee Related US10315522B2 (en)

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JP7158166B2 (ja) * 2018-03-30 2022-10-21 本田技研工業株式会社 車両電源システム
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US10875397B2 (en) 2017-06-30 2020-12-29 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation HESM fast recharge algorithm

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BR112016010830A2 (de) 2017-08-08
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EP3070809A1 (de) 2016-09-21
WO2015071977A1 (ja) 2015-05-21

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