UA144958U - METHOD OF PERFORMANCE CORRECTIVE MASSAGE FOR ATHLETES WITH DISABILITIES - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of performing corrective massage for athletes with disabilities includes examination of the patient, after which he is placed in the desired position on the couch and perform vibrating massage with dosed vibrations on certain parts of the patient's body, performed by hand. Conduct a visual examination, namely determine the condition of the skin, the degree of fat deposits, the degree of muscle development, body features, the course of the main and concomitant diseases, the level of physical.

Description

The useful model belongs to the field of medicine, can be used in the physical rehabilitation of athletes with disabilities, as well as in the training process to improve sports skills and improve sports results.

Restoration of body systems, prevention of fatigue, determination of adequate physical load taking into account the course of the main and accompanying diseases, improvement of the body as a whole - this is a set of interrelated aspects that affect the increase in sports achievements of athletes with limited physical capabilities. The developed method of corrective massage for athletes with disabilities involves active and passive techniques, takes into account the course of the main and accompanying diseases, the volume of physical exertion in different periods of the training process.

A well-known method of performing hemolymphatic massage (Patent of Ukraine Mo 6230, dated 23.12.2004, IPC AET1 H7/00, AET1 NI/00), during which basic and additional massage techniques are performed, which by the method of execution imitate oscillatory, vibrational, compression movements At the same time, the arterial-venous and lymphatic systems are affected at different stages of the massage.

The method increases the resistance of the immune system, the general tone of the body, and improves well-being.

The claimed method has a therapeutic and prophylactic effect on body systems.

The disadvantages of this method are the use of a limited number of classic massage techniques and the possible creation of a dangerous situation when massaging lymph nodes.

In addition, the method cannot improve the physical training of persons with disabilities.

There is a well-known method of restoring the athlete's working capacity (Patent of Ukraine Mo 15323, dated 19.01.2006, IPC AbIM 5/00) in which, after conducting a diagnosis, massage is performed with a vibration device of multifactorial action. Before the procedure, the patient drinks water. Vibromassage is performed through the wool fabric in three stages with dosed clockwise vibrations. In order to remove toxins from the body in a natural way, the procedure ends with taking a dosed amount of structured water.

The disadvantages of this method are that the method is too burdened by preliminary preparation and actions of the massage therapist during the massage procedure. It is ineffective for restoring the working capacity of athletes, as it does not take into account physical exertion, the course of the main and concomitant diseases during training, and cannot be used for athletes with disabilities.

The useful model is based on the task of physical rehabilitation of athletes with disabilities, restoration of body systems related to the main disease, as a result of which the disability was obtained.

The task is solved by the fact that the method of performing corrective massage for athletes with disabilities involves examining the patient, after which he is placed in the desired position on the couch and vibromassage with dosed vibrations is performed on certain areas of the patient's body, which is carried out by hand, according to a useful model, the method is in the fact that for athletes with disabilities, a visual examination is carried out, namely, the condition of the skin, the degree of fat deposits, the degree of muscle development, features of the body, the course of the main and accompanying diseases, the level of physical fitness are determined, after which the plan of the corrective massage procedure is determined, massage manipulations by adjusting their strength, duration, types of influence on pathological changes and the physical condition of athletes with disabilities, after that the patient is recommended to take the initial position on the couch (lying, sitting, half-lying), apply massage cream or oil, perform a general corrective massage that takes care of the techniques of segmental-reflex massage, in particular stroking, squeezing, kneading, after that they perform the techniques of kneading, rubbing, vibration of the paravertebral zones, namely the nerve endings to the right and left of the spine, kneading with bundles of four fingers along and across the spine, rubbing with the base of the palm, rolling, shifting, passive movements on the spine, shaking, felting are performed on large groups of muscles, while vibration is performed with the hands, after that, special corrective massage techniques are performed taking into account the main and accompanying diseases of the athlete, before the end of the massage procedure, warming, pain-relieving or anti-inflammatory ointments, which are selected individually for each athlete with a disability, corrective massage for athletes with a disability is performed for 45-60 minutes, once or twice a week.

The method of performing corrective massage for athletes with disabilities is that before the massage procedure, a visual examination is performed. At the same time, the condition of the skin is analyzed, namely the color, degree of hydration (dry, moderate, excessively wet), elasticity, firmness, cleanliness, in particular for the presence of rashes. Particular attention is paid to the presence of pustular (pyoderma, furunculosis, etc.), fungal or viral skin diseases, which can be the cause of the spread and deepening of this condition. They also determine the presence of skin lesions, scars, edema, varicose veins, hernial protrusions, etc. Determine the degree of fat deposits and the uniformity of their distribution, which is essential for determining the body structure. The degree of muscle development is assessed as good, medium and weak. With a good degree, there is a large volume and elasticity of the muscles, the muscle relief is clearly defined even in a calm state. With an average degree, the average volume and elasticity of the muscles is noted, their relief in a calm state is weakly expressed, but becomes pronounced when the muscles are tensed. With a weak degree, the volume and elasticity of the muscles are reduced, and the relief of the muscles is not determined even when they are strained. Pathological forms of the chest are most often associated with previous diseases or injuries. They include the following forms: flat, chicken, funnel-shaped, emphysematous. The shape of the back largely depends on the condition of the spine and its normal or pathological curvatures.

There are normal and pathological forms of the back. Pathological forms of the back include: round, round and flat. A visual examination, the course of the main and accompanying diseases, the level of physical fitness makes it possible to determine the plan of the corrective massage procedure for athletes with various nosological forms of diseases. These indicators shape massage manipulations by adjusting their strength, duration, types of influence on pathological changes, physical condition of athletes with disabilities. The massage lasts 45-60 minutes.

The patient assumes the starting position - lying on the massage couch. This position allows you to relax not only the muscles of the leg and thigh, the ligamentous apparatus of the knee joint, but also the muscles of the entire body, as well as create conditions for the natural outflow of blood and lymph in the area of the leg. Massage cream or massage oil is used during the procedure. All massage techniques are performed from the bottom up in the direction of the flow of blood and lymph to the accumulation of lymph nodes.

General corrective massage involves massaging body parts in the following sequence.

Back massage begins with stroking, which is performed with two hands, they do it alternately. Then squeeze out. They start with one hand, the edge of the palm or transverse. If the effect of the massage needs to be strengthened, apply longitudinal squeezing with the base of the palm and the tubercle of the thumb with general weight. Next, warm-up is carried out.

They start with the long muscles of the back. Perform kneading, in particular spiral kneading

With the bundle of the thumb, spiral-shaped kneading with bundles of four fingers, circular, spiral-shaped kneading with the phalanges of bent fingers into a fist, the reception of movement on the long muscles of the back. After massaging the long muscles of the back, the broadest muscle of the back is massaged. For this, ordinary kneading is used. Then they move on to kneading at the angle of the shoulder blade. In this area, kneading with bundles of four fingers is used. Finish the techniques of kneading on the back by shaking the widest muscle. Next, grinding is carried out. Before that, stroking is done. After the lumbar region, the intercostal spaces are rubbed. Next, they perform a massage of the paravertebral zones, namely the nerve endings on the right and left of the spine, in particular, they perform kneading, rubbing, and vibration techniques. They finish the back massage with stroking.

The neck is massaged simultaneously with the trapezius muscle. They perform stroking, squeezing. Ordinary, double-ring, pincer-like kneading is used on the neck.

The type of kneading depends on the size of the neck muscles. They apply straight-line and circular grinding.

The pelvic area is massaged in the following sequence. Combined stroking is first performed on the gluteal muscles. Then squeeze out. All types of kneading, which is accompanied by shaking, are used on the gluteal muscles. In the lower back area, after stroking, squeezing and kneading, deeper rubbing techniques are used. Next, the area of the iliac crest, the area of the hip joint is massaged. Rubbing techniques alternate with shaking and ordinary kneading in order to relax the muscles, which, due to significant tension, do not allow penetration into the depths of the tissues. They finish the massage in the pelvic area with percussive techniques and stroking with two hands.

Lower extremity massage is performed as follows. During thigh massage, after combined or straight stroking, which is performed on the inner, middle and outer thigh, squeezing is done. Kneading techniques are used on the back surface of the thigh. After the kneading, they do the crushing, and then they rub the fascia of the thigh - the outer part. They end the massage with percussive techniques and stroking.

When massaging the area of the knee joint (lateral ligaments), a roller is placed under the foot or the lower leg is raised at an angle of 35-70" so that the ligaments of the joint are relaxed and accessible for massage. The massage begins with concentric stroking. After that, rubbing is done. massage of the lateral ligaments of the knee joint ends with concentric stroking and movements, the choice of which is determined by the task of corrective massage.

Massage of the lower leg (calf muscle) begins with stroking from the heel to the knee joint, then squeezing and kneading. The massage on the calf muscle is finished with shaking, shock techniques and stroking with two hands or combined.

Achilles tendon massage. After stroking, rubbing is applied. All these types of rubbing are performed energetically and alternate with stroking. Then they massage the heels.

Foot massage. The area of the sole is massaged in the position when the patient lies on his stomach. At the same time, the shin is raised, supporting it from below by the ankle joint, and using the techniques of squeezing with the base of the palm, rectilinear, zigzag-shaped, dotted, spiral-shaped and column-shaped rubbing are used. Kneading on the sole is performed with the base of the palm (column-shaped and with a roll), the bundle of the thumb, and the tips of four fingers. While performing kneading "squeezing" with a brush (with the brushes of both hands), cover the foot and make sliding movements towards the fingers.

Particular attention is paid to rectilinear, zigzag, dotted, spiral, circular rubbing with finger ridges, circular with bent phalanges of fingers.

Then massage the muscles of the chest. The patient lies on his back, a pillow under his head, his arms are lowered along the body or lie on his stomach, his legs are extended and relaxed. Begin the chest muscle massage by stroking the large pectoral muscles. Perform combined stroking or stroking with two hands, longitudinal squeezing with the base of the palm and the tubercle of the thumb on the pectoralis major muscle. Then they move on to kneading the large pectoral muscle. Here, such kneading is used as ordinary, double neck, double circular, phalanx-bent fingers and with load, circular with the base of the palm, etc. Kneading alternates and ends with shaking. After that, they proceed to grinding. In the area of the muscles of the chest, do a column-shaped rubbing with bundles of two, four fingers, dotted rubbing with bundles of four fingers on the sternum. Next, rubbing is performed in the place of attachment of the clavicle to the sternum, in the place of attachment of the clavicle to the acromial process of the scapula. Straight, zigzag, spiral, dotted, combined and other types of rubbing are used on the intercostal spaces. In the area of the subcostal angle, after rubbing, pressure is applied to the lower and upper parts of the chest. Finish the massage on

From the muscles of the chest with shock techniques and stroking.

When massaging the upper limb from a position lying on the back, the techniques of stroking with one hand, squeezing with one hand and the base of the palm, ordinary kneading with bundles of four fingers, column-shaped with bent phalanges of fingers, etc. are used.

They finish the massage on the inner part of the shoulder by shaking and stroking with one hand.

On the forearm, perform straight, circular, zigzag stroking with one hand, longitudinal squeezing, kneading with the bundles of four fingers, the bundle of the thumb, rubbing with the bundles of four fingers and the base of the palm. Percussive techniques are performed if necessary. On the outside of the brush, after stroking, the metatarsal spaces are rubbed.

Straight-line, zigzag-shaped, spiral-like and dotted rubbing with bundles of four fingers, straight-line, zigzag-shaped rubbing with "tweezers", straight-line or column-shaped rubbing with bundles of thumbs, etc. are used here. On the palmar surface of the hand, after stroking and squeezing with the thumb bundle, knead with one hand and bundles of four fingers. Rubbing is performed with the ridges of the fingers, clenched into a fist in a straight line, zigzag, circular and dotted. While massaging the fingers, stroking is done simultaneously on all fingers. Then they move on to rubbing each finger separately or all together, depending on the techniques used and the massage task. After the rubbing techniques, joint movements and general kneading of the entire limb are performed.

When massaging the front surface of the thigh, stroking with two hands is performed in a straight line, alternately, combined, squeezing longitudinally, with the edge of the palm, the base of the palm and the tubercle of the thumb, techniques can be performed with load, kneading ordinary, double circle, longitudinal, with the phalanges of bent fingers, the base of the palm and tubercle thumb, the base of the palm and the tubercle of the thumb with a weight, double ordinary, rubbing on the fascia of the thigh with the crest of the fist. After that, they perform felting, shaking, percussion techniques and end the massage with stroking with two hands. When massaging the knee joint, concentric stroking and rubbing are carried out, ending the knee joint massage with energetic concentric stroking. In a similar way, massage of the lower leg and massage of the outer side of the foot are performed. The toes are massaged in the same way as the fingers.

Next, an abdominal massage is performed, which involves stroking and kneading the rectus abdominis muscles. Techniques are performed from top to bottom along the rectus abdominis, then up along the oblique muscles of the abdomen from the crest of the iliac bone to the broad muscles and to the armpit. Rubbing is carried out in the area of the subcostal angle. Vibration techniques are performed with the entire palm or bundles of fingers in a clockwise direction. In the case of a stimulating effect, it is carried out intermittently, for a sedative effect - continuously. They finish the massage of the abdomen with stroking. Stretching the rectus abdominis muscles is performed from top to bottom.

In addition to the general corrective massage, partial massage is performed, massage of individual parts of the body that are subjected to the greatest load. It can be performed after each workout according to the type of sport the athletes are playing.

Next, they perform special massage techniques for athletes with disabilities, taking into account the main and accompanying diseases.

Special massage for athletes with hearing impairment includes the following. The middle finger is placed on the auricle and, barely pressing it into the ear canal, perform rhythmic oscillating movements. The duration of the massage is one to two minutes. The rarefaction and thickening of the air in the hearing aid leads to oscillation of the eardrum, if it is stationary, this contributes to the stretching of the joints and the mobilization of the auditory ossicles. Vibrational movements are differentiated by their frequency. A massage is performed after each workout.

Special massage techniques for visually impaired athletes. The plan of the massage procedure involves a massage of the neck, namely stroking of the front, back and sides of the neck from top to bottom, kneading of the muscles of the back of the neck, pincer-like rubbing with the pads of the fingers. Each method is repeated 3-4 times, alternating stroking, kneading, rubbing. Next, a massage of the forehead area is carried out, in particular stroking, rubbing, kneading and receiving vibration. Each method is repeated 3-4 times, alternating stroking, kneading, rubbing. After that, the eyes, eyebrows and the root of the nose are massaged. All massage movements in the eye area are performed gently, without shifting or stretching the skin. Each reception is repeated 3-5 times. The duration of the massage procedure is 2-4 minutes.

Special massage techniques for athletes after injuries, diseases of the spinal cord and with the consequences of poliomyelitis. Such athletes are engaged in sports with the possibility of motor activity of the upper shoulder girdle. Mostly these are wheelchair athletes. Corrective massage for upper limbs, neck, upper back is performed from a sitting position. Corrective

Zo massage is aimed at reducing atrophy in the muscles and contractures in the joints due to limitations or complete absence of movements in the lower limbs and stagnation in the pelvic organs. There are special methods of corrective massage for the lower limbs in flaccid paralysis and in spastic paralysis. During the massage, massage oil is used, and 2-4 minutes before the end of the massage procedure, a therapeutic ointment is applied, which has an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. Massage techniques are performed actively, with a deep effect. At the same time, they perform a massage of the lower limb, which involves stroking, squeezing, kneading, rubbing, after that they perform felting, shaking, impact techniques and end the massage with stroking.

Special massage techniques for athletes with the consequences of cerebral palsy, in which corrective massage is used taking into account the condition of the muscles of the damaged limbs (the presence of flaccid or spastic paralysis/paresis). In spastic paralysis/paresis, the means are aimed at reducing muscle elasticity, which is caused by the degeneration of muscle fibers.

During the massage, massage oil is used, 2-4 minutes before the end of the massage procedure, therapeutic ointment is rubbed, which has an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and warming effect.

Special corrective massage for athletes after limb amputation is performed two or three times a week.

For athletes after amputations, massage plays an important role in shaping the stump, in preparing it for primary prosthetics and in teaching the use of the prosthesis, and subsequently in adapting to special physical loads due to the type of sport. Special massage techniques improve metabolic processes, blood supply to atrophied muscles of amputated limbs, contribute to the development of flexion contractures. In particular, there is chronic overstrain of a healthy limb, including the muscles of the foot and lower leg. When performing special massage techniques, massage oil is used. Back massage is carried out by stroking, squeezing, kneading. Finish the techniques of kneading on the back by shaking the widest muscle. Next, grinding is carried out. After that, they perform a massage of the paravertebral zones, namely the nerve endings on the right and left of the spine, in particular, they perform kneading, rubbing, and vibration techniques. They finish the back massage with stroking. Next, a neck massage is performed.

Special massage techniques for amputation of the lower limbs involve massaging the pelvic area. because First, combined stroking is performed. Then squeeze and knead.

Kneading is accompanied by shaking. In the lower back area, after stroking, squeezing and kneading, deeper rubbing techniques are used. Rubbing is used in the area of the iliac crest and hip joint. These techniques alternate with shaking and ordinary kneading to relax the muscles, which due to significant tension do not allow penetration into the depth of the tissues. They finish the massage in the pelvic area with percussive techniques and stroking. Medicinal ointment with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect is used to eliminate compactions, swellings and pain syndrome.

Corrective massage techniques are selected taking into account the intensity of physical exertion during training. In particular, after each low-intensity workout, qualified athletes with disabilities are given a local massage for 10-15 minutes, paying special attention to tired muscle groups and places of localized pain. Light kneading techniques are used for up to 80-95 of the time allocated for the massage procedure; for squeezing and rubbing 15 95; for all other techniques 5 95. During medium-intensity loads, a partial massage is performed for 15-20 minutes after each workout. The muscles of the back, chest, and upper limbs are massaged. Perform a massage of the pelvis and lower extremities. At the end of the training week, athletes receive a deep general massage for 40-60 minutes, perform elements of segmental-reflex massage.

At the stage of training, qualified athletes with disabilities with high intensity loads after each training session perform a short-term massage of all parts of the body for 20-30 minutes, and at the end of the week, on a day of rest, they perform a deep general massage.

Elements of segmental-reflex massage and massage of paravertebral zones are used in accordance with nosology.

Corrective massage takes into account the objective criteria of the course of the main and accompanying diseases caused by pathological changes in the nervous and muscular systems, disorders of the musculoskeletal system, metabolism, and urinary system, which allows you to purposefully select massage techniques and effectively apply them for recovery and support of individual structures and functions of the body. It is obvious that there is a violation of blood and lymph circulation, as a result of the deterioration of tissue and cell nutrition, a decrease in metabolic processes, which

Zo is accompanied by the formation of edema. The method of corrective massage adheres to the principles of rational orientation, regulation of application, determination of criteria for the effectiveness of means and methods, taking into account the intensity of physical exertion, the peculiarities of the restorative process. Corrective massage orientation is based on the specificity of physical exertion during training and preservation or restoration of the functional state of body systems associated with pathological changes throughout the disability. A method of conducting general, partial, local, short-term massage for athletes with disabilities of various nosological forms of diseases has been developed. Adapted methods of segmental-reflex, sports, selective massage, massage of paravertebral zones provide a corrective effect on body systems, creating an adaptation potential to physical exertion of various intensities.

The positive effect of corrective massage on the state of the body's systems is confirmed by a study of thermography indicators, which indicates an increase in the intensity of blood circulation, blood vessel filling, improvement in the tone of arterioles and venules, which leads to the normalization of venous outflow and skin temperature of body parts of athletes with disabilities. The study of biochemical parameters of athletes with disabilities indicates a certain increase in the level of creatinine in the blood, which is obviously related to physical exertion and requires increased energy supply for muscle work. Since creatine phosphokinase (CPK) isoenzymes are found in skeletal muscles, myocardium, and the central nervous system (CNS), the determination of their total activity was used to prevent myopathies, myocardial diseases, decrease the activity of the central nervous system, and the effect of corrective massage. An increased value of enzyme activity was detected after significant physical exertion. This result was taken into account during the development of corrective massage. A certain increase in the level of excretion of 17-KS (ketosteroids) in the urine is confirmed by data on a decrease in the body's protective functions. In the training process of athletes with disabilities, determining the level of excretion of 17-CS in daily urine served as an indicator of adequate physical exertion, emotional stress, and the use of corrective massage. As a result, the training process was improved, which made it possible to effectively solve the possibilities of increasing physical activity both in terms of volume and intensity, improving the sports achievements of athletes with disabilities.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA The method of performing corrective massage for athletes with disabilities, which includes conducting an examination of the patient, after which he is placed in the desired position on the couch and vibromassage with dosed vibrations is performed on certain parts of the patient's body, which is carried out by hands, which is distinguished by determining the condition of the skin , the degree of fat deposits, the degree of muscle development, features of the body structure, the course of the main and accompanying diseases, the level of physical fitness, after which the plan of the corrective massage procedure is determined, massage manipulations are formed by adjusting their strength, time of execution, types of influence on pathological changes and the physical condition of athletes with a disability, after that the patient is recommended to take the initial position on the couch (lying, sitting, semi-lying), apply a massage cream or oil, perform a general corrective massage, which includes techniques of segmental-reflex massage, in particular stroking, squeezing, kneading, after that perform techniques of kneading, rubbing, vibration of the paravertebral zones, namely the nerve endings to the right and left of the spine, kneading with bundles of four fingers along and across the spine, rubbing, rolling, pushing with the base of the palm, passive movements on the spine, shaking, felting are performed in large groups muscles, while the vibration is performed with the hands, after that they perform special corrective massage techniques taking into account the main and accompanying diseases of the athlete, before the end of the massage procedure, warming, pain-relieving or anti-inflammatory ointments are used, which are selected individually for each athlete with a disability, performing corrective massage for athletes with disabilities spend 45-60 minutes, once or twice a week. 000 Komputernaverstka!, Skvortsova.dG (00000000 SE "Ukrainian Institute of Intellectual Property", str. Glazunova, 1, m. Kyiv - 42, 01601 (c;