UA100237U - DEVICES FOR CLEANING AND SEPARATION OF BULK MIXTURE - Google Patents

Abstract

The device for cleaning and separation of the bulk mixture contains a loading hopper and a rotating drum, mounted at an angle to the horizon, under which the collections of fractions, as well as inside the drum rotary radial continuous along the length of the drum blades, brushes mounted outside the drum divided by partitions into sectors by length. The drum is made in the form of a spring, outside of which are the stiffeners with mechanical means of compulsory extension of the spring in separate sections.

Description

The useful model belongs to devices for cleaning and separating bulk materials and can be used, mainly in agriculture, in separators for cleaning with simultaneous sorting of seeds of cereals, grasses and other agricultural crops, in elevators, selection stations, in farms, in flour milling and compound feed production, as well as in chemical, coal and other industries.

From the state of the art, a device for separating bulk mixtures is known, made in the form of a horizontally installed rotating grate drum with an autonomous drive.

Inside the drum there is a rotating rotor at an angle with M-shaped or triangular-shaped whips, which are arranged in rows, and the axis of symmetry of the whips is located at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the drum. The device works as follows: the grain mixture (heap) is loaded into a hopper, from where it is fed by gravity into a rotating grating drum. In this drum, the grain is subjected to mechanical influence with the help of rotating whips, which mix it and move it along the rotating sieve drum. Small fractions fall through the sieve drum and are collected in the first receiver. The rest (large fraction) of grain material remains in the drum and, moving along the rotating bulls, falls to its edge, and from there - to the second receiver | see author St. USSR Mo 1165495 from class VO7B 1/22 published on July 7, 1985 in Bull. Mo 25).

The main drawback of the known device is the imperfection of the design, which is caused by at least two factors. Firstly, due to the horizontal arrangement of the rotating drum, it is unable to move the grain mixture independently (gravitationally) along its inner surface, so an additional means to perform this action has to be introduced into the structure. Secondly, it is unable to clean the bulk mixture from unwanted impurities, since its design does not provide for appropriate means.

A device for separating a loose mixture is also known, which contains a loading hopper and a rotating grate drum with round holes, installed at an angle to the horizon, under which a collector of fine fraction is located, and a collector of coarse fraction is located under the inclined end of the drum, and inside the drum are mounted on a shaft in rows along its length, rotating vanes made of elastic material, which in the diametrical section have a 5-shaped shape, and the gap between the ends of the vanes and the inner surface

From the drum decreases in the direction from the loading hopper. In addition, the distance between the vanes in each row exceeds the diameter of the holes in the drum grid. This device works as follows: the grain mixture (heap) is loaded into the hopper with subsequent gravitational feeding of the mixture particles from it into an inclined rotating grating drum, in which the mixture, during the slow rotation of the drum, gravitationally moves along it, and the mixture is also mechanically influenced by rotating with paddles to remove large fractions in order to prevent them from clogging the holes in the drum grid. Small fractions of the material, falling through the grate of the drum, fall into the appropriate collector of small fractions, which is located under the drum, and large fractions are collected in the second collector of fractions, which is located under the inclined end of the drum. See the device for implementing this method of separation of the loose mixture. stalemate. of the Russian Federation Mo 2130343 from class VO7B 1/24 published on 05/20/1999).

The main drawback of the known device for separating the bulk mixture is the technical imperfection of its design, which is due to the inability to separate the grain mixture into more fractions than two (the drum along its entire length extracts only one fraction, and the second fraction is formed automatically at the exit from the drum) , to clean the grain mixture from impurities, low productivity, due to the impossibility of using most of the working surface of the sieve drum in the process of separating the mixture - no more than 15-20 95, because the drum rotates quite slowly, so the grain mass that is in it, under the influence of the forces of gravity, has time slide to the bottom of the drum.

The closest in essence and the effect achieved, and which is taken as a prototype, is a device for cleaning and separating a loose mixture, the constructive essence of which is as follows.

A device for cleaning and separating the bulk mixture, which contains a loading hopper and a rotating grate drum with holes, installed at an angle to the horizon, under which the fraction collectors are located, and inside the drum, rotating vanes are installed on the shaft with a gap between the ends of the vanes and the surface of the drum. The surface of the drum is divided into areas with holes of different calibers, which increase along the length of the drum in the direction from the loading hopper, and the holes can be both round and slotted, or of another shape, depending on the type of mixture being separated. Under the drum there is a number of fraction collectors corresponding to the number of areas with different holes in the drum, and the paddles are made continuous along the length of the drum and installed radially from the shaft of their rotation, and outside the drum there are brushes for cleaning the holes in the drum. The drum itself is externally covered with a casing divided by partitions into sectors along the length, and the size of these sectors corresponds to the size of the areas with different holes in the drum. This device works as follows: the grain mixture (heap) is loaded into the hopper with subsequent gravity feeding of the mixture particles from it into an inclined rotating grating drum with holes of different lengths, in which the mixture moves along it during the rotation of the drum, as well as on the mixture mechanically affect rotating blades. At the same time, the loose mixture is distributed evenly over its entire cylindrical surface by the rapidly rotating movement of the drum to form a two-layer structure, and the lower static layer of the mixture is forcibly pressed directly to the inner surface of the drum by centrifugal forces, and in the upper layer, due to the mechanical influence of the rotating blades, a pseudo-boiling structure is formed with by the simultaneous gravitational shift of this part of the mixture layer along the drum and with a partially-gradual transfer to the lower static layer by the external forces, as well as each fraction of the separated material is directed to the corresponding fraction collectors by the limiters that surround the outside of the drum, and the holes in the sieve drum are cleaned of the particles stuck in them grains with a fixed brush | see patent of Ukraine Mo 94916 from the class VO7B 1/14 published on 10.12.2014 in Byul. Mo 231.

The main drawback of the known device, which is used to implement the known method of cleaning and separating the bulk mixture, is the technical imperfection of its design, in particular the drum, since its mesh surface is formed by holes, between which there are jumpers that limit the bypass capability of the drum. Since the grid of the rotating drum is formed by holes, there must be bridges between them, and they must be wide enough (strong) so that the drum does not lose its overall rigidity when there is grain mass in it.

Thus, the jumpers between the holes occupy a fairly large total surface area of the drum, commensurate with the area occupied by the holes. However, thanks only to the holes, the process of separating the grain mixture into separate fractions takes place, and the jumpers do not take part in this process at all, on the contrary, occupying a certain area on the surface of the drum, they naturally slow down the process of separating the grain mass into fractions and in this way reduce the efficiency

From this process. But it is not possible to get rid of them (jumpers), because thanks to them, a lattice is formed in the drum.

The second disadvantage of the known device is, again, the technical imperfection of the drum, since the sizes of the holes in it vary in length discretely. This limits the technical capabilities of such a drum due to the impossibility of changing the size of the holes if it becomes necessary, for example, when switching to a new culture or adding a few more fractions. Because of this circumstance, the owner of such a separator device needs to have as many drums with different holes (by size) as the number of crops he plans to separate.

The basis of the useful model is the task of expanding the functional and technical capabilities of the device while simultaneously increasing the productivity, efficiency and quality of the process of cleaning and separating the bulk mixture by maximizing the throughput capacity of the drum and the possibility of smoothly changing the sizes of the holes for the passage of grains due to a fundamental change in the design of the drum.

The task is solved by the fact that the device for cleaning and separating the bulk mixture, which contains a loading hopper and a rotating drum, is installed at an angle to the horizon, under which the fraction collectors are located, and inside the drum, rotating radial blades continuous along the length of the drum are installed on the shaft, brushes installed outside the drum, which is externally covered with a casing divided by partitions into sectors along the length, according to the proposal, the drum is made in the form of a spring, outside of which there are stiffening ribs with mechanical means of forced stretching of the spring in separate areas. As an option, similar drums can be located inside the spring drum - one or more - depending on the technological need.

Thanks to the design of the drum in the form of a spring, the grain material enters the corresponding fractions collectors through continuous gaps that appear between the coils of the spring, and this is how the throughput capacity of the drum is maximized. In essence, the drum is a continuous helical slot separated by partitions - the body of turns that make up the spring itself. It is advisable to use a spring with flat (ribbon) coils, although it is not necessary, but this type of spring allows you to maximize the area of the gaps against the background of the maximum reduction of the area of the coils - "jumpers" between the coils of the gap. You can use a spring wound from a thin wire, which also allows you to achieve the same effect. Due to the presence of 60 external ribs, the drum, despite the spring design, becomes quite rigid, which excludes its deformation during rapid movement and loading with grain material. Metal tapes or rods, etc., can be used as stiffeners - it does not matter. Of course, instead of conventional stiffeners, any other known mechanism for providing additional stiffness to the spring drum can be used - this does not matter. Due to the presence of means of mechanical forced stretching of the coils of the spring, the drum can be adjusted to any size of grains, and therefore becomes universal. Any known clamps can be used as such mechanisms.

Thanks to the arrangement of several more drums in the spring drum, each of them can have a personal size of the slits and in this way select only one certain fraction, direct the rest of the grain to other drums, or, if you use drums with the same slits, the separation process can be repeated, passing the grain mass through several drums, thus increasing the quality of the final product.

So, the whole set of essential features, obtained due to the fundamental change of the drum design from a grate to a spring, which, in turn, allows changing the width of the gap without restrictions and maximally increasing the throughput of the drum, allows you to qualitatively clean and separate the loose mixture with a constant and maximally high productivity against the background of significant simplification of the design and universality of the device, that is, to achieve the technical result formulated in the statement of the problem.

The further essence of the proposed technical solution is explained together with the illustrative material, which shows the following: fig. 1. - the proposed device during the cleaning and separation of the bulk mixture, side view, section; fig. 2 - the same, end view, section; fig.

C - the proposed device with a double drum, side view, section; fig. 4 - a fragment of a spring drum with a stiffening rib and a mechanism for forced stretching of the spring (clamp), plan view; fig. 5 - the principle diagram of the operation of the spring drum.

The proposed device for cleaning and separating the bulk mixture includes a loading hopper 1 and a rotating drum 2, installed at an angle a to the horizon, which provides the possibility of gravitational movement of the grain mass along the drum. The body of the drum 2 is made in the form of a spring, the gaps C between turns 4 perform the function of slits through which the process of separating the grain mass into separate fractions takes place. Springy

The design of the drum, due to the spiral winding of turns, also guarantees the gravitational movement of the grain mass along the drum, ensuring the continuity of the process of distribution of the grain mass inside the drum and its advancement to its end. Longitudinal stiffening ribs 5 are installed outside the drum 2, which prevent deformation of the drum 2 when it is loaded with grain material (springs, by their nature, have low bending stiffness), and therefore stabilize the size of the gaps З between the turns 4 (however, if the spring is manufactured using sufficiently rigid material, the need for ribs is eliminated). On the ribs 5, mechanical movable clamps b are installed, with the help of which it is possible to forcibly locally move the coils 4 of the spring in some area, and in this way to change the width of the gaps C for the passage of grains of the appropriate fraction through them. With the help of clamps b, the surface of the spring drum 2 is divided into sections A, B, B, G (as an example, there may be more sections depending on the separation tasks) with gaps C of different widths, which increase along the length of the drum 2 in the direction from the loading hopper 1. This design of the working surface of the drum 2 provides the possibility of separating several fractions from the mixture, and in this way expands the functionality of the device. Gaps З form continuous helical slots. This constructive design of the slots in drum 2 allows you to separate any materials and in this way expand the area of use of the device, as well as maximize its throughput (the coils of the spring only act as partitions between the slots). Under drum 2 there are collectors of 7 fractions of separated material, the number of which corresponds to the number of sections A, B, B, G in drum 2. The first collector of 7 fractions (located on the side of loading hopper 1) can be used to collect dust-like and fine impurities, the rest - for collection of different material fractions. Under the inclined end (at the exit) of the drum 2 is the last collector 7 for collecting large impurities, as well as oblong impurities of plant origin. This design of collectors 7 allows you to clean the bulk mixture from unwanted impurities of any size and origin.

Inside the drum 2, rotating vanes 8 are installed on the shaft along its length. The ends of the vanes 8 are above the surface of the drum 2 with a gap. Such a design solution allows for mechanical impact on the loose material without its damage and injury during the fast rotating movement of the drum 2. From the outside, the drum 2 is covered with a casing 9, which is divided by partitions 10 (limiters) into sectors, the size of which corresponds to the size of sections A, B, B, D .

Brushes 11 are installed outside the drum 2 for cleaning the gaps C in the drum 2 from grains stuck in them.

The proposed device for cleaning and separating the bulk mixture works as follows.

The loose mixture (grain heap) to be separated is loaded into the hopper 1, from which it is fed by gravity into the cavity of the fast-rotating spring drum 2. During the rapid rotation of the drum 2, the loose mixture is immediately distributed in a uniform layer over the entire diameter of the drum 2, pressing against its surface by internal forces arising at a high speed of rotation of the drum 2. The bulk material, depending on the size of the particles, penetrates into the gaps C of the appropriate width, from which 7 fractions enter the collectors.

Scattering of the separated material around the device is prevented by the casing 9, and the mixing of the fractions among themselves is prevented by the partitions 10. The rest of the loose material remaining in the drum 2, especially its upper layer, is subjected to the mechanical action of the blades 8, which intensively mix it, as a result of which in this layer the effect of a pseudo-boiling mixture occurs. This, firstly, prevents the formation of static arches from the loose mixture along the diameter, secondly, it ensures the gravitational movement of the mixture along the drum 2, thanks to it at the angle "a in the direction from the hopper 1, thirdly, in the pseudo-boiling layer of the particle of material are repeatedly reoriented in space, which contributes to their penetration into the gaps of drum 2, which ultimately contributes to increasing the efficiency of the separation process and the productivity of the device. At the same time, the loose mixture falls alternately on sections A, B, B, G, its lower part is pressed against the surface of drum 2 and is divided into fractions, the rest remains in a pseudo-boiling state. The general layer of the loose mixture gradually decreases, and at the end of drum 2 it disappears, leaving at the exit of drum 2 only large and oblong impurities, which leave drum 2 and fall by gravity into the last collector 7. The outer gaps of drum 2 come into contact with brushes 11 (cleaners). and are cleaned of jammed and stuck particles of material. The gaps Z are partially subjected to such cleaning from the middle of drum 2, since the pseudo-boiling layer of bulk material, being in a mobile (thrown) state, partially moves radially by external forces and mechanically affects the particles stuck in the gaps Z, pushing them through them or returning them to the drum 2.

Thus, in the proposed device, due to the introduction of appropriate structural changes in the drum, a new, maximally productive process of simultaneous cleaning and separation of the bulk mixture takes place.

The essential difference between the claimed object and the previously known one is that the drum of the device is made in the form of a spring, the gaps between the turns of which perform the function of continuous helical slots with a variable width depending on its length, which can be adjusted with clamps. These differences, taken together, make it possible to maximize the part of the surface of the drum through which the process of cleaning and separating the mixture takes place, with an increase in the quality of the final product and the possibility of a gradual or discrete change in the width of the slits, which allows one drum to be used for different tasks and for different crops.

None of the known devices for cleaning and separating the bulk mixture can have all the listed properties at the same time, since they do not have in their composition the entire set of essential features inherent in the proposed technical solution.

The proposed technical solution has been tested in practice. The proposed device for cleaning and simultaneous separation of a loose mixture does not contain structural elements, parts, kinematic schemes and nodes that would be impossible to reproduce at the current stage of development of science and technology, in particular, in the field of agricultural engineering, and therefore it is considered that meets the criterion of "industrial suitability" because it can actually be manufactured and implemented in separators for the separation of grains and seeds of cereal crops.

In the known sources of patent, scientific and technical and other information, no similar or similar technical solutions have been found that would contain a set of essential features inherent in the proposed device for cleaning and separating bulk materials, therefore the proposed technical object is considered to correspond the "novelty" criterion.

The technical advantages of the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the prototype, include the following: - the maximum increase in the productivity of the cleaning process for the separation of the bulk mixture due to the design of the drum in the form of an endless continuous gap, instead of "holes", which allows to maximally increase the throughput capacity of the drum;

- simplification of the design and manufacturing technology of the drum due to the use of a spring for it; - the versatility of the device due to the possibility of changing the width of the gaps between the turns of the spring.

The economic effect of the implementation of the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the use of a prototype, is obtained by increasing the quality of the finished product, productivity and versatility of the device, as well as by reducing the cost of equipment to achieve the same effect, but with the help of traditional separators.

The social effect of the implementation of the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the use of the prototype, is obtained due to the improvement of production culture due to the prevention of dustiness and clogging of the device's working area.

After the description of the proposed technical solution, it should be clear to specialists in this field of knowledge that everything described above is only illustrative and not restrictive, being represented by this example. Numerous possible options for the implementation of the proposed technical solution, in particular, springs, clamps, stiffeners, rotation drives, etc., may vary depending on the characteristics of the loose mixture, the scope of the proposal, the tasks set, the desired production sizes, etc., and, of course, are within the limits of one from conventional and natural approaches in this field of knowledge and are considered to be within the scope of the proposed technical solution.

The quintessence of the proposed technical solution is that the device has a drum made in the form of a spring, the gaps between the turns of which ensure the separation of the grain mixture into the desired fractions, and the size, in particular, the width, of these gaps can be locally forcibly changed, and it is these circumstances that allowed the proposed device to acquire for cleaning and separation, there are other advantages listed above. The use of only certain proposed constructive improvements naturally limits the range of advantages listed above and cannot be considered new technical and technological solutions in this field of knowledge, since others, similar to the described device for cleaning and separating a loose mixture, will no longer require any creative approach from designers and engineers, and cannot be considered the results of their creative activity or new objects of intellectual property, in accordance with current legislation.

Claims (2)

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