UA132767U - Drum Separator for Purification and Separation of Bulk Mixture - Google Patents

Abstract

The drum separator for purification and separation of the bulk mixture contains a loading hopper and a rotating sieve drum, mounted at an angle to the horizon, and consisting of several sections equipped with sieves with the same or different cells, under which collections of passing fractions are located and on the sides fractions of the east. The drum is suspended from the belts, on the drive pulleys and idlers mounted on the casing of the separator.

Description

The useful model belongs to devices for the cleaning and separation of loose materials and can be used mainly in agriculture for cleaning with simultaneous sorting of seeds of cereals, grasses and other agricultural crops, in elevators, selection stations, in farms, in flour milling and compound feed productions , as well as in the chemical, coal and other branches of the national economy.

A well-known analogue is the tribohydroseparator, made in the form of a metal cylinder with windows covered with nets, located on roller supports horizontally with a small slope, and under which there is an endless belt for the removal of separated material. At the entrance to the drum there is a loading hopper, and at the exit - a collection of separation waste (see pat. of Ukraine

Mo. 31456 from the VOZV 6/62 class was published on April 10, 2008 in Bull. Mo. 7 for 2008.

The main disadvantage of this drum separator is its low productivity, due to the imperfection of the drum design - it has a low throughput, since the crown, which is covered with a mesh and through which the passing fraction of the separated bulk material is separated, is no more than half of the forming surface of the drum. The rest of the forming surface of the drum is a solid material that does not take part in the separation process. In addition, the arrangement of the drum on the roller supports complicates the design of the separator 3 - due to the need to equip the drum with ribs to prevent it from jumping off the rollers.

A well-known analogue is the drum separator, which is made in the form of two coaxially connected, horizontally installed rotating grating drums with autonomous drives.

On the common shaft, located inside the drums, a blade screw is mounted, which interacts with the first drum, and a spiral screw, which interacts with the second drum. Each of the specified screws has an autonomous rotation drive | see a.s. USSR Mo 82026 from class VO7B 1/24 published on March 30, 1949).

The main disadvantage of the well-known drum separator is its excessive complexity, due to the use in the design of two coaxial drums with different rotation speeds and two screws of different designs with different rotation speeds, as well as the high energy consumption of the device due to the use of as many as four drives in its design

From the rotation of the rotating nodes of the separator.

The closest analogue is a drum separator for cleaning and separating a bulk mixture, which contains a loading hopper and a rotating grate drum on a drive shaft, installed at an angle to the horizon, under which a collector of small fractions is located, and a collector of large fractions is located under the inclined end of the drum, as well as inside the drum, rotating vanes made of elastic material are installed on the drive shaft, which passes through the shaft for rotating the grate drum, which have a 5-shaped cross-section, and these vanes are arranged in rows along the entire length of the grate drum. These 5-shaped blades stir the loose mixture in the drum and "squeeze" the particles of loose material stuck in the drum grid | see stalemate. of the Russian Federation Me 2130343 from class VO7B 1/24 published on 05/20/1999).

The main significant disadvantage of the closest analogue is the complexity of its design, due to the fact that the grating drum and blades are mounted on shafts that pass through the drum and rotate in different directions. The use of coaxial shafts requires strict adherence to their mating dimensions, the design of the rotation unit is complicated by the need to install bearing units in the outer shaft for the possibility of rotation of the inner shaft, there is a need to use two independent shaft rotation drives, that is, the separator has increased energy consumption.

The second significant disadvantage of the nearest analogue is the limitation of its technical capabilities. Due to the location inside the grate drum of the shafts, it is impossible to place a second drum in it to increase the productivity and increase the number of fractions of the separation of the bulk mixture.

The third significant disadvantage of the closest analogue is the technical impossibility of increasing the productivity of the separation process of the bulk mixture, but in a different way. As you know, stirring the bulk mixture in the drum does increase the performance of the separator somewhat, but only slightly. The use of vibration significantly intensifies the separation process. However, the design scheme used in the known separator excludes the use of a vibrator, since the drum is rigidly connected to the drive of its rotation and to the frame of the separator, which under the influence of vibration will destroy the foundation or move from the initial set position.

The basis of the useful model is the task of simplifying the design of the drum separator while simultaneously increasing its productivity by providing the possibility of several grating drums in the design at the same time and the use of vibration oscillation of only the drum or several drums by fundamentally changing the drive scheme to the rotational movement of one or more drums.

The task is solved by the fact that the drum separator for cleaning and separating the bulk mixture, which contains a loading hopper and a rotating screen drum, installed at an angle to the horizon, and which consists of several sections equipped with screens with the same or different cells, under which the pass collectors are located fractions, and on the unloading side - by the collection of fractions of the seed, according to the useful model, the drum is suspended by the belts covering it, on the drive and idle pulleys installed on the separator body.

In another embodiment, the separator contains an internal drum of a smaller diameter, which rotates in the opposite direction and is fixed in a similar way - suspended on belts.

In yet another embodiment, the separator contains a vibrator for creating longitudinal oscillations, attached from the outer end of the drum.

Due to the fact that the drum is in a suspended position on belts, its internal cavity remains completely free (there is no internal shaft and other structural components and elements located in the drum), which allows you to place one additional drum in it. If this additional drum is rotated in the opposite direction from the direction of rotation of the outer drum, the active screening area in the latter increases (because in the inner drum the bulk material is partially moved in the radial direction), which leads to an increase in the productivity of the outer drum.

For the same reason (suspended on belts), the drum does not have a rigid connection with the separator body, and therefore has the technical possibility, if necessary, to freely oscillate in the longitudinal direction, and this, in turn, allows connecting to it a vibrator for creating longitudinal oscillations of the drum, and thus significantly intensifying the separation process. At the same time, the vibration of the drum, thanks to flexible connections (belts), is not transmitted to the separator body, that is, the drum oscillates (vibrates) in an autonomous mode.

Thus, the set of essential features obtained thanks to the transition to a fundamentally new one

The drum mounting scheme - from internal rigid to external flexible - allows to expand the technical and functional capabilities of the separator, as well as with its help to qualitatively clean and separate the loose mixture into separate fractions, and with constant and high productivity against the background of simplifying the design, ensures obtaining a technical the result formulated in the statement of the problem.

The further essence of the proposed technical solution is explained together with the illustrative material, which shows the following: fig. 1 - diagram of fastening of a rotating drum on belts, end view; fig. 2 - diagram of the proposed drum separator, side view; fig. C - three-section drum frame, plan view; fig. 4 - scheme of installing the sieve drum on the racks, general view; fig. 5 - scheme of fixing the sieve drum on the frame, general view; fig. 6 - general view of the proposed drum separator; fig. 7 - version of the proposed separator with two coaxial drums, side view.

The proposed drum separator for cleaning and separating the bulk mixture contains a housing 1, inside which there is a rotating grate drum 2, suspended on its covering belts 3. Belts C surround the pulleys 4, one of which is the driving one, the others are idle.

The drive pulley 4 is connected to the drive 5 for its forced rotation, made in the form of, for example, a gear motor.

Inside the drum 2, on its inner surface, there are stiffening ribs 6, which provide the necessary overall rigidity of the drum 2 with its considerable length and diameter.

The stiffeners 6 are distributed evenly along the diameter of the drum 2. The number of stiffeners can be different. For example, if drum 2 has a diameter of 750 mm, the number of stiffeners 6 is 3 pcs., if the diameter of drum 2 is 1000 mm - the number of stiffeners is 4 pcs., when using drum 2 with a diameter of 1500 mm - the number of stiffeners b reaches 5 pcs. . If necessary, paddles can be attached to these stiffening ribs for mixing the bulk mass in drum 2, although the stiffening ribs b, to some extent, themselves stir part of the bulk material due to the fact that the stiffening ribs 6 are a mechanical obstacle that prevents the free rolling of the bulk material material on the inner surface of the cylindrical drum 2 during its rotation.

Above the drum 2, on its outer side, there are freely rotating rollers 7, which are intended for cleaning the cells of the sieve drum 2 from particles of the mixture that is being separated stuck in them. The simplest and most affordable material for manufacturing these rollers 7 is rubber, which does not abrade the surface of the drum 2 sieves and does not injure, for example, grain material if the separator is used to process grain mass in agricultural production.

Under the drum 2 there are collections of 8 passing fractions, and on the unloading side - a collection of 9 exiting fractions. The loading hopper 10 is located on the loading side of the drum 2.

Depending on the technological tasks, drum 2 can consist of several sections.

Each drum section 2 has a frame formed by stiffeners 6 and end rings 11. End rings 11 are formed by rolling around a corner. 6 stiffeners are welded to 11 rings. A set of frames is connected to each other by a bolt connection 12.

The front frame is provided with a ring 13, which prevents the pouring of the loose mixture from the drum 2, and the last frame is provided with a diametrical bar 14, to which a vibrator (not shown) can be attached, or the drum 2 through this bar 14 can be kinematically attached to the frame 1 through the half-axis to prevent it rocking during the operation of the separator. Such frames are structurally simple and do not require any metal finishing during their manufacture.

15 sieves of different caliber can be installed on each frame with the help of ties. This design of the working surface of drum 2 provides the possibility of separating several fractions from the mixture (by the number of sections), and in this way expands the technical and functional capabilities of the separator. Cells in the sieves of drum 2 can be both round and slotted, or of another shape, for example, oval - depending on the type of loose mixture being separated. This design of the cells in the sieve drum 2 allows you to separate any loose materials and thus expand the area of use of the separator, making it completely universal.

Outside, the frame 1 is covered with doors 16 on the sides, which gives it aesthetics, safety of operation (there is no open access to the rotating nodes of the separator), and reduces the dustiness of the production premises. The control panel 17 for the operation of the separator is installed on the frame 1 from the outside.

In another embodiment, inside the drum 2, an additional drum 18 with a similar drive (suspended on belts) is installed coaxially, which rotates in the opposite direction

from the side The rotation of the additional drum 18 in the opposite direction leads to the fact that the active zone (sector in diameter) of the drum 2 automatically increases due to the fact that the material coming out of the internal additional drum 18 is displaced from the center of rotation of the drum 2, which, as a result, leads to an increase in the productivity of drum 2. On the unloading side, a collector 19 of seed fractions is installed under the additional drum 18.

The proposed drum separator works in the following way.

The bulk mixture (for example, a grain pile) to be separated is loaded into the hopper 10, from which it is fed by gravity into the rotating grate drum 2. During the rotation of the drum 2, the bulk mixture is distributed in a uniform layer in the lower part of the drum 2. The bulk material, depending on the size of its particles, penetrates into the cells of the appropriate caliber in the sieves of the drum 2, from which it enters the corresponding collectors of 8 passing fractions.

As it advances along the rotating drum 2, the total thickness of the layer of loose mixture gradually decreases, and near the end of the drum 2 it disappears completely, leaving only large and elongated impurities at the exit of the drum 2, which descend from the drum 2 and fall into the collector 9 by gravity. Such constructive performance of collections 8 and 9 allows to clean the bulk mixture from any unwanted impurities of any size and origin. The cells of the sieves on the outside of the drum 7 are constantly in contact with the rollers 7 (cleaners), with the help of which they (cells) are cleaned from the particles of material stuck in them that are separated.

Thus, in the proposed drum separator, due to the introduction of appropriate structural changes in the scheme of its drive in rotary motion, an effective process of simultaneous cleaning and separation of the bulk mixture takes place, that is, there is a cause and effect relationship between the structural changes and the increase in the performance of the drum separator, which allow obtain a new qualitative result against the background of a significant simplification of the separator design.

The essential difference between the claimed technical object and the previously known ones is that the drum is suspended on the belts surrounding it, which ensure its rotation with the help of drive and non-drive pulleys. The specified drum mounting scheme made it possible to completely free the drum cavity for placing additional drums in it, as well as to obtain 60 independent suspension, thanks to which it is technically possible to vibrate the drum in the longitudinal direction, while excluding the impact of vibrations on other nodes of the separator. None of the known drum separators can have all the listed properties at the same time, because their drums have either a rigid central shaft for rotation, or the drums are installed on external supports, that is, they do not contain the entire set of essential features inherent in the proposed useful model.

The proposed useful model has been tested in practice. The drum separator for cleaning and separating the bulk mixture does not contain such elements, parts, kinematic schemes or nodes that would be impossible to reproduce at the current stage of development of science and technology, in particular, in the field of agricultural engineering, therefore, the declared useful model meets the criterion "industrial applicability" because it can actually be manufactured and implemented in drum separators for cleaning and separating grain piles of agricultural crops.

In the known sources of patent, scientific and technical and other information, no similar or similar technical solutions were found, which would have in their composition the entire set of essential features inherent in the proposed drum separator for cleaning and separating the bulk mixture, and, therefore, the proposed technical object can be considered to meet the "novelty" criterion.

The technical advantages of the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the nearest analog, include the following: the expansion of technical and functional capabilities due to the suspension of the drum on the belts surrounding it, which allows placing additional drums in it, as well as applying vibration of the drum in the longitudinal direction to intensify the process cleaning and separation; increasing the productivity of the process of cleaning and separation of the bulk mixture due to the involvement of a larger surface of the grid by the diameter of the drum when using an additional internal drum; simplification of the design of the separator due to the rejection of complex assemblies of fastening the drum; the possibility of increasing the total length of the drum due to the presence of stiffeners on its inner surface and the presence of a prefabricated frame;

Due to the reduction of overall dimensions and weight of the separator for the same reason; the versatility of the separator for cleaning and separating the bulk mixture due to the use of a drum with cells of different shapes and sizes.

The economic effect of the implementation of the proposed useful model, in comparison with the use of the closest analogue, is obtained due to the high productivity and versatility of the separator, as well as due to the reduction of the cost of equipment to achieve the same effect, but with the help of traditional separators.

The social effect of the implementation of the proposed useful model, in comparison with the use of the closest analogue, is obtained due to the improvement of the quality of the finished product.

Having described the proposed utility model, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only illustrative and not restrictive of the present example. Numerous possible options for the implementation of the proposed useful model may vary depending on the physical characteristics and state of the bulk mixture, the field of use of the separator, set technological tasks, desired production sizes, etc., and, of course, are within the limits of one of the usual and natural approaches in this field of knowledge and are considered to be within the scope of the proposed useful model.

The quintessence of the proposed useful model is that the drum of the separator is fixed on the belts surrounding it, passed through the drive and idler pulleys, and it is this circumstance that allowed the proposed drum separator to acquire the above-mentioned and other advantages for cleaning and separating the bulk mixture. The use of only some of the proposed constructive improvements naturally limits the range of advantages listed above, and cannot be considered new technical and technological solutions in this field of knowledge, since others, similar to the described separator for cleaning and separating a loose mixture, no longer require any creative approach from designers, engineers and technologists, and cannot be considered the results of their creative activity, which gives birth to new objects of intellectual property, corresponding to the criteria of patentability in accordance with the current legislation.

Claims (3)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA 1. A drum separator for the cleaning and separation of a loose mixture, which contains a loading hopper and a rotating sieve drum, installed at an angle to the horizon, and which consists of several sections equipped with sieves with the same or different cells, under which the collectors of passing fractions are located, and with on the unloading side - a collection of fractions of the waste, which differs in that the drum is suspended by belts covering it, on drive and idle pulleys installed on the separator body. 2. A drum separator according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that it contains an inner drum of a smaller diameter, which rotates in the opposite direction. 3. Drum separator according to claim 1, which differs in that it contains a vibrator of longitudinal vibrations of the drum. X 7 7 7th; ee KN EK ee ee, sashe Dva shen Y km 7 KO and shi NN in z 5 | | slo and Her dnyny shi in Kosa va ; and NI and i pai KN oz PSI i SHI JAK EN 3. Sn In her She g oo du gZ 15 SEMA However 5 in NI Prati V in NYA shi I t de i. NEK KAKI n -v t V. and p their nt sn main nn sg.