RU2713821C1 - Drum separator for cleaning and separation of loose mixture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: disclosed invention relates to loose materials cleaning and separation devices and can be used mainly in agriculture for cleaning with simultaneous sorting of cereals, grass and other crops, on elevators, breeding stations, in farms, in flour-grinding and feedmill production, as well as in chemical, coal and other industries of the national economy. Drum separator for cleaning and separation of loose mixture comprises loading hopper and rotating sieve drum installed at an angle to horizon, consisting of several sections equipped with sieves with identical or different cells, under which collectors of through fractions are located, and on the side of unloading - collector of fractions of gathering. Drum is suspended by the belts embracing it, drive pulleys and idle belts fitted on the separator casing. Drum is made hollow for arrangement of drums of smaller diameter with similar suspension, which have independent directions of rotation. External drum is equipped with vibrator of longitudinal oscillations.

EFFECT: technical result is higher efficiency of separation process, as well as high quality of end product.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for cleaning and separating bulk materials and can be used mainly in agriculture for cleaning with simultaneous sorting of seeds of cereal, grass and other crops, in elevators, breeding stations, in farms, in milling and animal feed production, as well as in the chemical, coal and other sectors of the economy.

The prior art is known to the drum separator, made in the form of a metal cylinder with windows, closed nets, located on the roller bearings horizontally with a slight slope, and under which there is an endless belt for removing the separated material. At the inlet to the drum there is a loading hopper, and at the outlet there is a separation waste collector [see US Pat. Of Ukraine No. 31456 in class B03B 5/62 published on April 10, 2008 in Bull. No. 7 for 2008].

The main disadvantage of this drum separator is its low productivity, due to the imperfection of the drum design - it has low throughput, since the windows closed by a mesh through which the passage fraction of the separated bulk material is separated make up no more than half of the drum forming surface. The remaining half of the forming surface of the drum is a solid material that is not involved in the separation process. In addition, the location of the drum on the roller supports complicates the design of the separator due to the need to equip the drum with flanges to prevent it from jumping off the rollers.

Also known is a drum separator made in the form of two coaxial interconnected horizontally mounted rotating sieve drums with self-contained drives. On a common shaft located inside the drums, a blade auger interacting with the first drum and a spiral auger interacting with the second drum are mounted. Each of these screws has an autonomous rotation drive [see author St. USSR No. 82026 in class B07B 1/24 published 03/30/1949].

The main disadvantage of the known drum separator is its excessive complexity due to the use of two coaxial drums with different rotational speeds and two screws of different designs with different rotational speeds, as well as the high energy consumption of the device due to the use of four rotary drives of the rotary separator assemblies in its design.

The closest in essence and achieved effect, taken as a prototype, is a drum separator for cleaning and separating granular mixture, containing a feed hopper and a sieve drum rotating on the drive shaft, installed at an angle to the horizon, under which there is a collection of small fractions, and under the inclined a coarse fraction collector is located down the end of the drum, and also inside the drum are mounted on a drive shaft passing through the shaft for rotation of the sieve drum, rotating blades of elastic material ala, which in cross section have an S-shape, and these vanes are arranged in rows along the entire length of the sieve drum. These S-shaped blades mix the granular mixture in the drum and “push through” the particles of bulk material stuck in the sieve of the drum [see US Pat. Russian Federation No. 2130343 for class B07B 1/24 published on 05/20/1999].

The main significant disadvantage of the known drum separator is the complexity of its design, due to the fact that the sieve drum and blades are mounted on shafts passing through the drum and rotating in different directions. The use of coaxial shafts requires a clear exposure of their mating sizes, the design of the rotation assembly is complicated due to the need to install bearing assemblies in the outer shaft to rotate the inner shaft, there is a need to use two independent shaft rotation drives, that is, the separator has increased energy consumption.

The second significant disadvantage of the known separator is the limited technical capabilities. Due to the location of shafts inside the sieve drum, it is impossible to place a second drum in it to increase productivity and increase the number of fractions of the separation of the granular mixture.

The third significant drawback of the known separator is the technical impossibility of increasing the productivity of the process of separation of the granular mixture, but in a different way. As you know, mixing the granular mixture in the drum really slightly increases the performance of the separator, but not significantly. The use of vibration greatly intensifies the separation process. However, the design scheme used in this separator eliminates the use of a vibrator, since the drum is rigidly connected to the drive of its rotation and to the separator frame, which, under the influence of vibration, will destroy the foundation or move from its original position.

The basis of the invention is the task of simplifying the design of the drum separator while improving its performance by making it possible to use several drums in the design at the same time and to use vibrational vibrations of only one drum or several drums by fundamentally changing the drive circuit to rotate one or more drums.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that a drum separator for cleaning and separating granular mixture containing a loading hopper and a rotating sieve drum mounted at an angle to the horizon, consisting of several sections equipped with sieves with the same or different cells, under which there are collections of passage fractions, and from the unloading side - a collection of vanishing fractions, according to the proposal, the drum is suspended by the belts covering it, on drive and idle pulleys mounted on the separator body.

In another embodiment, the separator comprises an inner drum of a smaller diameter, rotating in the opposite direction and secured in a similar manner - suspended on belts.

In another embodiment, the separator comprises a vibrator for creating longitudinal vibrations attached to the outer end of the drum.

Due to the fact that the drum is in a suspended position on the belts, its internal cavity remains absolutely free (there is no internal shaft and other structural units and elements located in the drum), which allows you to place another additional drum in it. If this additional drum is rotated in the opposite direction from the direction of rotation of the outer drum, in the latter the active screening area increases (since the bulk material partially moves in the radial direction in the inner drum), which leads to an increase in the performance of the outer drum.

For the same reason (suspended on belts), the drum does not have a rigid connection with the separator body, therefore, it has the technical ability, if necessary, to oscillate freely in the longitudinal direction, and this, in turn, allows you to connect a vibrator to it to create longitudinal vibrations drum, thereby greatly intensify the separation process. At the same time, the vibration of the drum, due to flexible connections (belts), is not transmitted to the separator body, that is, the drum oscillates (vibrates) in stand-alone mode.

Thus, the combination of essential features obtained due to the transition to a fundamentally new drum fastening scheme - from internal rigid to external flexible, allows expanding the technical and functional capabilities of the separator, as well as using it to qualitatively clean and separate the granular mixture into separate fractions, and with constant and high performance against the background of simplified design, provides a technical result, formulated in the statement of the problem.

A further essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated in conjunction with illustrative material, which depicts the following: FIG. 1 is a diagram of the fastening of a rotating drum on belts, end view; FIG. 2 is a diagram of a proposed drum separator, side view; FIG. 3 - three-section frame of the drum, view in plan; FIG. 4 is a diagram of an installation on a sieve drum frame, general view; FIG. 5 is a diagram of a fixing to a sieve drum frame, general view; FIG. 6 is a General view of the proposed separator; FIG. 7 - embodiment of the proposed separator with two coaxial drums, side view.

The proposed drum separator for cleaning and separating granular mixture contains a housing 1, inside of which there is a rotating sieve drum 2, suspended from the belts 3 surrounding it. Belts 3 bend around pulleys 4, some of which are driven, others are idle. The drive pulley 4 is connected with the drive 5 of its forced rotation, made in the form, for example, of a gear motor.

In the drum 2, on its inner surface, are stiffeners 6, providing the necessary overall stiffness of the drum 2 with a significant length and diameter. The ribs 6 are distributed evenly over the diameter of the drum 2. The number of ribs 6 can be different. For example, if drum 2 has a diameter of 750 mm, the number of stiffeners 6 is 3 pcs., With a diameter of drum 2 1000 mm, the number of stiffeners 6 is 4 pcs., When using drum 2 with a diameter of 1500 mm, the number of stiffeners 6 is 5 pcs. . If necessary, blades can be attached to these stiffeners 6 for mixing the granular mass in the drum 2, although the stiffeners 6, to some extent, themselves mix part of the bulk material due to the fact that the stiffeners 6 are a mechanical obstacle preventing free rolling of the loose material on the inner surface of the cylindrical drum 2 during its rotation.

Above the drum 2, from its outer side, freely rotating rollers 7 are located, intended for cleaning the cells of the sieve drum 2 from the particles of the separated mixture stuck in them. The simplest and most affordable material for the manufacture of these rollers 7 is rubber, which does not abrade the surface of the drum 2 and does not injure, for example, the grain material if the separator is used to process the grain mass in agricultural production.

Under drum 2, collectors of 8 passage fractions are located, and on the discharge side, a collection of 9 vanishing fractions. On the loading side of the drum 2 is a loading hopper 10.

Depending on the technological tasks, the drum 2 may consist of several sections. Each section of the drum 2 has a frame formed by stiffeners 6 and end rings 11. The end rings 11 are formed by rolling around a corner. Stiffening ribs 6 are welded to rings 11. The set of frames is interconnected by means of a bolt connection 12. The front frame is equipped with a ring 13 that prevents the loose mixture from spilling out of the drum 2, and the last frame is equipped with a diametrical bar 14 to which a vibrator (not shown) can be attached or the drum 2 through this bar 14 can kinematically attached to the frame 1 through the half shaft to prevent it from swaying during the operation of the separator. Such frames are structurally simple and in their manufacture does not require any mechanical processing.

On each frame can be installed using ties 15 sieves of different calibers. Such a constructive implementation of the working surface of the drum 2 provides the possibility of separating several fractions from the mixture (by the number of sections), and, thereby, expand the technical and functional capabilities of the separator. The openings in the sieves of the drum 2 can be either round or slit-like, or of a different shape, for example, oval, depending on the type of separated bulk mixture. Such a design of the holes in the sieve drum 2 allows you to separate any bulk materials and, thereby, expand the scope of the separator, making it completely universal.

On the outside, the separator frame 1 is closed by doors 16, which gives it aesthetics, safe operation (there is no open access to rotating nodes), and reduces the dustiness of the production room. On the frame 1 from its outer side, a control panel 17 for separator operation is installed.

In another embodiment, an additional drum 18 with a similar drive (suspended on belts), which rotates in the opposite direction, is installed coaxially inside the drum 2. The rotation of the additional drum 18 in the opposite direction leads to the fact that the active zone (sector in diameter) of the drum 2 is automatically increased due to the fact that the output material from the inner drum 18 is offset from the center of the drum 2, which ultimately leads to an increase in productivity drum 2. On the discharge side, under the additional drum 18, a collection 19 of vanishing fractions is installed.

The proposed drum separator operates as follows.

The bulk mixture (for example, grain heap), subjected to separation, is loaded into the hopper 10, from which it is gravitationally fed into the inside of the rotating sieve drum 2. During the rotation of the drum 2, the bulk mixture is distributed evenly in the lower part of the drum 2. The bulk material, in depending on the size of the particles, it penetrates into the holes of the corresponding caliber in the sieves of the drum 2, from which it enters the corresponding collections of 8 passages As you move along the rotating drum 2, the total thickness of the layer of the granular mixture gradually decreases, and completely disappears near the end of the drum 2, leaving only large and oblong impurities at the outlet of the drum 2, which leave the drum 2 and gravitationally fall into the gathering 9. This design of the collectors 8, 9 allows you to clean the bulk mixture from any unwanted impurities of any size and origin. The openings of the sieves on the outside of the drum 2 are constantly in contact with the rollers 7 (cleaners), with the help of which they are cleaned of particles of separated material stuck in them (holes).

Thus, in the proposed drum separator, due to the introduction of appropriate design changes in the scheme of its drive into rotation, an effective process of simultaneous cleaning and separation of the granular mixture is carried out, that is, there is a causal relationship between design changes and an increase in the performance of the drum separator, allowing to obtain a new high-quality result against the background of a significant simplification of the design of the separator.

A significant difference between the claimed object of technology, from previously known, is that the drum is suspended on the envelopes of its belts, ensuring its rotation by means of driven and non-driven pulleys. The indicated drum attachment scheme made it possible to completely free the inside of the drum for placement of additional drums in it, as well as to obtain an independent suspension, due to which it is technically possible to vibrate the drum in the longitudinal direction, eliminating vibrations from reaching other parts of the separator. None of the known drum separators can simultaneously possess all of the listed properties, since their drums have either a rigid central shaft for rotation, or the drums are mounted on external supports, that is, they do not contain the entire combination of essential features inherent in the proposed technical solution.

The proposed technical solution is tested in practice. The claimed drum separator for cleaning and separating granular mixture does not contain in its design such elements, parts, kinematic schemes and units that could not be reproduced at the present stage of development of science and technology, in particular in the field of agricultural engineering, therefore, it meets the criterion "Industrial applicability" because it can be actually manufactured and sold in separators for the separation of grain or seed lots of agricultural crops.

In the well-known sources of patent, scientific, technical and other information, no similar or similar technical solutions have been identified that would have included the whole set of essential features inherent in the proposed drum separator for cleaning and separating bulk mixtures, therefore, the proposed object of technology can be considered relevant criterion "novelty".

As for the specialists in this field of knowledge, these essential features do not follow and cannot generally flow from the existing level of technology, as well as attempts to obtain a technical result consisting in satisfying the corresponding needs of consumers with simultaneous high-quality, high-performance and efficient cleaning and separation of bulk materials, until today specialists in the field of agricultural engineering did not manage to get time, we can conclude that the proposal Foot technical solution to the criterion "inventive step".

The technical advantages of the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the prototype, include the following:

- the expansion of technical and functional capabilities due to the suspension of the drum on the belts enveloping it, which allows you to place additional drums in it, as well as use the vibration of the drum in the longitudinal direction to intensify the separation process;

- increasing the productivity of the process of separation of the granular mixture due to the involvement of a larger surface of the grating along the diameter of the drum when using the inner drum;

- simplification of the design of the separator due to the rejection of complex drum attachment points;

- the possibility of increasing the total length of the drum due to the presence of stiffeners on its inner surface and the presence of a precast frame;

- reduction of the overall dimensions and weight of the separator for the same reason;

- the versatility of the separator for cleaning and separating granular mixture due to the use of a drum with holes of different sizes and shapes.

The economic effect of introducing the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the use of the prototype, is obtained due to the high performance and versatility of the separator, as well as by reducing the cost of equipment to achieve the same effect, but using traditional separators.

The social effect of the implementation of the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the use of the prototype, is obtained by improving the quality of the finished product.

After describing the proposed technical solution, it should be obvious to those skilled in the art that all of the above is only illustrative, and not restrictive, represented by this example. Numerous possible options for the implementation of the proposed technical solution may vary depending on the physical characteristics and condition of the granular mixture, the scope of the separator, the set technological tasks, the desired production size, etc., and, of course, are within one of the usual and natural approaches in this field knowledge and are considered such that are within the scope of the proposed technical solution.

The quintessence of the proposed technical solution is that the separator drum is mounted on envelopes of its belts passed through the drive and idle pulleys and this circumstance made it possible to acquire the above and other advantages for the proposed drum separator for cleaning and separation. The use of only some of the proposed structural improvements, of course, limits the range of advantages listed above, and cannot be considered new technical and technological solutions in this field of knowledge, since others, like the described separator for cleaning and separating granular mixture, no longer require any creative approach from designers, engineers and technologists, and cannot be considered the results of their creative activities or new intellectual property objects corresponding to patentability criteria, in accordance with applicable law.

Claims (1)

A drum separator for cleaning and separating granular mixture, comprising a loading hopper and a rotating sieve drum mounted at an angle to the horizon, consisting of several sections equipped with sieves with the same or different cells, under which there are collectors of passage fractions, and from the discharge side - a fraction collector gathering, characterized in that the drum is suspended by the belts covering it, on drive and idle pulleys mounted on the separator body, the drum being hollow to accommodate a drum smaller diameters with a similar suspension having independent directions of rotation, while the external drum is equipped with a longitudinal vibrator.

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