UA100179U - METHOD OF CLEANING AND SEPARATION OF BULK MIXTURE - Google Patents

Abstract

Method of purification and separation of bulk mixture, in which the grain mixture (pile) is loaded into a hopper with subsequent gravitational flow of particles of the mixture from it into a tilted rotating drum, in which the mixture is moved along it during the rotational motion of the drum and is evenly distributed over its entire cylinders the formation of a two-layer structure, pressing the lower static layer of the mixture directly to the inner surface of the drum by centrifugal forces. In the upper layer, the mechanical action of the rotating blades forms a pseudo-boiling structure with simultaneous gravitational displacement of this part of the mixture along the drum and with a partial gradual transfer to the lower static layer by centrifugal forces. Also, each fraction of the separated material is sent to the respective collections of fractions by restraints, which bend along with the casing outside the drum. The grain mixture in the drum is directed into continuous screw endless slots, the width of which, depending on the technological task, is gradually or discretely changed along the length of the drum, made in the form of a spring.

Description

The useful model belongs to the processes of cleaning and separating bulk materials and can be used, mainly, in agriculture for cleaning with simultaneous sorting of seeds of cereals, grasses and other agricultural crops, in elevators, selection stations, in farms, in flour mills (and , compound feed production, as well as in chemical, coal and other industries.

From the state of the art, a method of separating bulk mixtures is known, in which the grain mixture (heap) is loaded into a hopper, from where it is fed by gravity into a rotating horizontally located grating drum. In this drum, the grain is subjected to mechanical influence with the help of rotating whips of M-shaped or triangular shape installed in rows on a rotating rotor, which mix it and move it along the rotating sieve drum. Small fractions fall through the sieve drum and are collected in the first receiver. The rest (a large fraction) of the grain material remains in the drum and, moving along the rotating whips, falls to its edge, and from there - to the second receiver (see author of the USSR Mo 1165495 from class VO7B 1/22 published on 07.07.1985 in Bul.

Mo 25I.

The main drawback of the known method is the limitation of its functionality.

The presence of this drawback is explained by the fact that when implementing this method, the grain mixture is not cleaned of impurities, it is only separated into separate fractions. Therefore, in the first receiver there is a small fraction together with small impurities, and in the second receiver there is a large fraction together with large impurities, which does not allow obtaining a high-quality final product: it must be subjected to purification more and more. In addition, due to the horizontal location of the rotating drum, it is unable to move the grain mixture independently (gravitationally) along its inner surface, therefore, an additional means to perform this action has to be introduced into its design.

There is also a known method of separating the bulk mixture, in which the grain mixture (heap) is loaded into a hopper with subsequent gravity feeding of the mixture particles from it into an inclined rotating grate drum, in which the mixture, during the slow rotation of the drum, gravitationally moves along it, as well as onto the mixture mechanically influenced by rotating blades of a 5-shaped cross-section to extract large fractions in order to prevent clogging by them

From the holes in the drum grid. Small fractions of the material, falling through the drum grate, fall into the appropriate collector of small fractions, which is located under the drum, and large fractions are collected in the second collector of fractions, which is located under the inclined end of the drum | see. stalemate. of the Russian Federation Mo 2130343 from class VO7B 1/24 published on 05/20/1999).

The main disadvantage of the known method of separating the bulk mixture is the low efficiency of the process, which is due to only partial use of the working (mesh) surface of the drum - no more than 15-20 95, since the drum rotates quite slowly, therefore the grain mass that is in it, under the action of the forces of gravity, has time slide to the bottom of the drum. It is on this part of the drum that the separation process takes place, and the rest of the working surface along the diameter of the drum remains free of grain mass, and therefore, the working surface of the screen drum is generally used inefficiently. In addition, the disadvantage of the known method of separating the bulk mixture is the low quality of the final product obtained after the separation process. The presence of this deficiency is caused by the fact that the grain mixture is not cleaned of impurities during the separation process. So, as in the previous analogue, in each of the two collections of fractions, along with the separated material, there will be impurities of the appropriate sizes: in one - small, and in the second - large. Also, the disadvantage of the known method of separating the bulk mixture is the limitation of technical and technological capabilities, in particular, the separation of the bulk material into only two fractions (the drum along its entire length extracts only one fraction, and the second fraction is formed automatically at the exit from the drum), although, for example, in agriculture, for which, strictly speaking, this method was developed, usually requires a larger number of fractions: breeding grain, commodity grain, food grain, livestock feed, etc.

The closest in nature and the effect achieved, and which is chosen as the closest analogue, is a method of cleaning and separating a loose mixture, the technological essence of which is as follows.

The method of cleaning and separating the bulk mixture, in which the grain mixture (heap) is loaded into the hopper with subsequent gravity feeding of the mixture particles from it into an inclined rotating grate drum with holes of different lengths, in which the mixture moves along it during the rotation of the drum, as well as the mixture is mechanically affected by rotating 60 blades. At the same time, the loose mixture is evenly distributed over its entire cylindrical surface with the rapid rotation of the drum to form a two-layer structure, and the lower static layer of the mixture is forcibly pressed directly against the inner surface of the drum by centripetal forces, and in the upper layer, due to the mechanical influence of the rotating blades, a pseudo-boiling structure is formed with a simultaneous gravitational shift of this parts of the mixture layer along the drum and with a partially-gradual transfer to the lower static layer by internal forces, as well as each fraction of the separated material is directed to the corresponding fraction collectors by limiters that wrap around the outside of the drum, and the holes in the sieve drum are cleaned of grains stuck in them with a stationary brush | see patent of Ukraine No. 94917 of the class VO7B 1/14 published on December 10, 2014 in Bul. Mo 231.

The main disadvantage of the known method of cleaning and separating the bulk mixture is the low efficiency of the process, which is due to the limitation of the bypass capacity of the drum itself.

Since the grid of the rotating drum is formed by holes, there must be bridges between them, and they must be wide enough (strong) so that the drum does not lose its overall rigidity when there is grain mass in it. Thus, the jumpers between the holes occupy a fairly large total surface area of the drum, commensurate with the area occupied by the holes. However, thanks only to the holes, the process of separating the grain mixture into separate fractions takes place, and the jumpers do not take part in this process at all, on the contrary, occupying a certain area on the surface of the drum, they naturally slow down the process of separating the grain mass into fractions and in this way reduce the efficiency of this process . But it is not possible to get rid of them (jumpers), because thanks to them, a lattice is formed in the drum.

The second disadvantage of the known method of cleaning and separating the bulk mixture is the discreteness of the process of separating the mixture into fractions, which is due to the presence of holes in the drum of constant sizes, the diameter of which varies discretely by section. If you need to change the fractionation, for example, add the number of fractions or switch to another culture, then for this you need to change the drum to another one, with the appropriate holes for solving the tasks.

The basis of the useful model is the task of expanding the functional and technical capabilities while simultaneously increasing the productivity, efficiency and quality of the process of cleaning and separating the bulk mixture by maximizing the throughput capacity of the drum and the possibility of smoothly changing the sizes of the holes for the passage of grains through

Due to a fundamental change in the design of the drum.

The problem is solved by the fact that in the method of cleaning and separating the bulk mixture, in which the grain mixture (heap) is loaded into a hopper with subsequent gravity feeding of the mixture particles from it into an inclined rotating drum, in which the mixture is moved along it during the fast rotating movement of the drum and evenly distributed over its entire cylindrical surface with the formation of a two-layer structure, pressing the lower static layer of the mixture directly to the inner surface of the drum by centrifugal forces, and in the upper layer, by the mechanical influence of rotating blades, a pseudo-boiling structure is formed with simultaneous gravitational shift of this part of the mixture layer along the drum and with a partially gradual transfer to the lower static layer by centrifugal forces, as well as each fraction of the separated material is directed to the appropriate fraction collectors by limiters that surround the outside of the drum, according to a useful model, the grain mixture in the drum is directed into continuous helical endless slots, the width of which, depending on the technological task, is gradually or discretely changed according to the length of the drum, which is made in the form of a spring.

Thanks to the design of the drum in the form of a spring, the grain material enters the corresponding fractions collectors through continuous gaps that appear between the coils of the spring, and this is how the throughput capacity of the drum is maximized. In essence, the drum is a continuous helical slot separated by partitions - the body of turns that make up the spring itself. It is advisable to use a spring with flat (ribbon) coils, although it is not necessary, but this type of spring allows you to maximize the area of the gaps, and against the background of the maximum reduction of the area of the coils - "jumpers" between the coils of the gap. You can use a spring wound from a thin wire, which also allows you to achieve the same effect. Due to the presence of external ribs, the drum, despite the spring design, becomes quite rigid, which excludes its deformation during rapid movement and loading with grain material. Metal tapes or rods, etc. can be used as stiffeners - it doesn't matter. Of course, instead of conventional stiffeners, any other known mechanism for providing additional stiffness to the spring drum can be used - it does not matter. Due to the presence of means of mechanical forced stretching of the coils of the spring, the drum can be adjusted to any size of grains, and therefore becomes universal. Any known clamps can be used for such mechanisms. It is possible to place several more drums in the 60 spring drum, each of them can have a personal size of slits and in this way select only one certain fraction, direct the rest of the grain to other drums, or if you use drums with the same slits - the separation process can be repeated, skipping grain mass through several drums, thus increasing the quality of the final product.

So, the whole set of essential features obtained thanks to the fundamental change in the design of the drum from grating to spring, which, in turn, allows you to change the width of the gap without restrictions and to maximally increase the throughput of the drum, allows you to qualitatively clean and separate the loose mixture with a constant and maximally high productivity against the background of significant simplification of the design and universality of the device, i.e. to achieve the technical result formulated in the basis of the task.

The further essence of the proposed technical solution is explained together with the drawings, which show the following: fig. 1. - the proposed device during the cleaning and separation of the bulk mixture, side view, section; fig. 2 - the same, end view, section; fig. C - the proposed device with a double drum, side view, section; fig. 4 - a fragment of a spring drum with a stiffening rib and a mechanism for forced stretching of the spring (clamp), plan view; fig. 5 - the principle diagram of the operation of the spring drum.

The device for implementing the proposed method of cleaning and separating the bulk mixture contains a loading hopper 1 and a rotating drum 2, installed at an angle a to the horizon, which provides the possibility of gravitational movement of the grain mass along the drum. The body of the drum 2 is made in the form of a spring, the gaps C between turns 4 perform the function of slits through which the process of separating the grain mass into separate fractions takes place.

The spring design of the drum, thanks to the spiral winding of turns, also guarantees the gravitational movement of the grain mass along the drum, ensuring the continuity of the process of distribution of the grain mass inside the drum and its advancement to its end. Longitudinal stiffening ribs 5 are installed outside the drum 2, which prevent deformation of the drum 2 when it is loaded with grain material (springs, by their nature, have low bending stiffness), and therefore stabilize the size of the gaps З between the turns 4 (however, if the spring is manufactured using sufficiently rigid material, the need for ribs is eliminated). Mechanical movable clamps b are installed on the ribs 5, with the help of which it is possible to force them locally

З to move the coils of 4 springs apart in some area, and in the same way to change the width of the gaps З for the passage of grains of the corresponding fraction through them. With the help of clamps b, the surface of the spring drum 2 is divided into sections A, B, B, G (as an example, there may be more sections depending on the separation tasks) with gaps C of different widths, which increase along the length of the drum 2 in the direction from the loading hopper 1. This design of the working surface of the drum 2 provides the possibility of separating several fractions from the mixture, and in this way expands the functionality of the device. Gaps З form continuous helical slots. This constructive design of the slots in drum 2 allows you to separate any materials and in this way expand the area of use of the device, as well as maximize its throughput (the coils of the spring only act as partitions between the slots). Under drum 2 there are collectors of 7 fractions of separated material, the number of which corresponds to the number of sections A, B, B, G in drum 2. The first collector of 7 fractions (located on the side of loading hopper 1) can be used to collect dust-like and fine impurities, the rest - for collection of different material fractions. Under the inclined end (at the exit) of the drum 2 is the last collector 7 for collecting large impurities, as well as oblong impurities of plant origin. This design of collectors 7 allows you to clean the bulk mixture from unwanted impurities of any size and origin.

Inside the drum 2, rotating vanes 8 are installed on the shaft along its length. The ends of the vanes 8 are above the surface of the drum 2 with a gap. Such a design solution allows for mechanical impact on the loose material without its damage and injury during the fast rotating movement of the drum 2. From the outside, the drum 2 is covered with a casing 9, which is divided by partitions 10 (limiters) into sectors, the size of which corresponds to the size of sections A, B, B, D .

Brushes 11 are installed outside the drum 2 for cleaning the gaps C in the drum 2 from grains stuck in them.

The proposed method of cleaning and separating the bulk mixture is carried out using the above-described device as follows.

The loose mixture (grain heap) to be separated is loaded into the hopper 1, from which it is fed by gravity into the cavity of the fast-rotating spring drum 2. During the rapid rotation of the drum 2, the loose mixture is immediately distributed in a uniform layer over the entire diameter of the drum 2, pressing against its surface by external forces, which occur at a high speed of rotation of the drum 2. The loose material, depending on the size of the particles, penetrates into the gaps C of the appropriate width, from which it enters the collectors of 7 fractions.

Scattering of the separated material around the device is prevented by the casing 9, and the mixing of the fractions among themselves is prevented by the partitions 10. The rest of the loose material remaining in the drum 2, especially its upper layer, is subjected to the mechanical action of the blades 8, which intensively mix it, as a result of which in this layer the effect of a pseudo-boiling mixture occurs. This, firstly, prevents the formation of static domes from the loose mixture along the diameter, secondly, it ensures the gravitational movement of the mixture along the drum 2, thanks to it at an angle a in the direction from the hopper 1, thirdly, in the pseudo-boiling layer, the particles of the material are repeatedly reoriented in the space, which contributes to their penetration into the gaps of drum 2, which ultimately contributes to increasing the efficiency of the separation process and the productivity of the device. At the same time, the loose mixture falls alternately on sections A, B, B, G, its lower part is pressed against the surface of drum 2 and is divided into fractions, the rest remains in a pseudo-boiling state. The general layer of the loose mixture gradually decreases, and at the end of drum 2 it disappears, leaving at the exit of drum 2 only large and oblong impurities, which leave drum 2 and fall by gravity into the last collector 7. The external gaps of drum 2 come into contact with brushes 11 (cleaners). and are cleaned of jammed and stuck particles of material. The gaps Z are partially subjected to this cleaning from the inside of drum 2, since the pseudo-boiling layer of bulk material, being in a mobile (tossed) state, partially moves radially due to internal forces and mechanically affects the grains stuck in the gaps Z, pushing them through them or returning them to drum 2.

Thus, in the device, thanks to the introduction of appropriate structural changes in the drum, a new, maximally productive process of simultaneous cleaning and separation of the loose mixture takes place.

The essential difference between the claimed object and the previously known ones is that the drum is made in the form of a spring, the gaps between the turns of which perform the function of continuous helical slots with a variable width depending on its length, which can be adjusted with clamps. These differences, taken together, allow to maximize the part of the drum surface through which the process of cleaning and separating the mixture from

With an increase in the quality of the final product and the possibility of gradually or discretely changing the width of the slits, which allows one drum to be used for different tasks and for different crops.

None of the known methods of cleaning and separating the grain mixture can have all the listed properties at the same time, since they do not have the entire set of essential features inherent in the proposed technical solution.

The proposed technical solution has been tested in practice. The proposed method of cleaning and simultaneous separation of the bulk mixture does not include technological operations or processing modes that would be impossible to reproduce at the current stage of development of science and technology, in particular, in the field of agricultural engineering, and can be realistically implemented in separators for separating grain and seeds of cereal crops.

In the known sources of patent, scientific and technical and other information, no similar or similar technical solutions were found, which would contain a set of essential features inherent in the proposed method of cleaning and separating bulk materials.

The technical advantages of the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the prototype, include the following: - the maximum increase in the productivity of the cleaning process for the separation of the bulk mixture due to the design of the drum in the form of an endless continuous gap, instead of "holes", which allows you to maximally increase the throughput of the drum; - simplification of the design and manufacturing technology of the drum due to the use of a spring for it; - the versatility of the method due to the possibility of changing the width of the gaps between the turns of the spring.

The economic effect of the implementation of the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the use of a prototype, is obtained by increasing the quality of the finished product, productivity and versatility of the method, as well as by reducing the cost of equipment to achieve the same effect, but with the help of traditional separators.

The social effect of the implementation of the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the use of the prototype, is obtained by increasing the culture of production due to the prevention of dustiness and clogging of the separation zone of the grain mixture.

After describing the proposed technical solution, it should be clear to specialists in this field of knowledge that everything described above is only illustrative and not restrictive, as it is represented by this example. Numerous possible options for the implementation of the proposed technical solution, in particular the modes of rotation of the drum, may vary depending on the characteristics of the bulk mixture, the scope of the proposal, the tasks set, the desired production sizes, etc., and, of course, are within one of the usual and natural approaches in this field of knowledge and are considered to be within the scope of the proposed technical solution.

The quintessence of the proposed technical solution is that the device has a drum made in the form of a spring, the gaps between the coils of which ensure the separation of the grain mixture into the desired fractions, and the size, in particular the width, of these gaps can be locally forcibly changed, and it is these circumstances that allowed the proposed method to acquire cleaning and separation above and other advantages. The use of only some of the proposed technological improvements naturally limits the range of advantages listed above and cannot be considered new technical and technological solutions in this field of knowledge, since others, similar to the described method of cleaning and separating a loose mixture, will no longer require any creative approach. from designers and engineers and cannot be considered the results of their creative activity or new objects of intellectual property, in accordance with current legislation.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA 20 The method of cleaning and separating the bulk mixture, in which the grain mixture (heap) is loaded into the hopper with subsequent gravity feeding of the mixture particles from it into an inclined rotating drum, in which the mixture is moved along it during the fast rotating movement of the drum and is evenly distributed over its entire cylindrical surface with the formation of a two-layer structure, pressing the lower static layer of the mixture directly to the inner surface 25 drum by centrifugal forces, and in the upper layer, by the mechanical influence of rotating blades, they form a pseudo-boiling structure with simultaneous gravitational shift of this part of the mixture layer along the drum and with partial-gradual transfer to the lower static layer by centrifugal forces, and each fraction of the separated material is directed to the appropriate fraction collectors limiters that wrap around the outside of the drum together with the casing, which Zo differs in that the grain mixture in the drum is directed into continuous helical endless slits, the width of which, depending on the technological task, is gradually or discretely changed along the length of the spring-shaped drum.